The Portal of Initiation
GA 14
Interlude
Scene: same as in the Prelude. The day after the play to which Estella, in the Prelude, invited her friend to accompany her.
Sophia: Forgive me, dear Estelle, for keeping you waiting. I had to attend to something for the children.
Estella: Here I am back again with you already. I long for your sympathy whenever anything stirs me deeply.
Sophia: Well, you know that I shall always sympathize most warmly with you in your interests.
Estella: This play, of which I spoke to you, Outcasts from Body and from Soul touched me so deeply. Does it seem to you odd when I say that there were moments when all I had ever known of human sorrow stood before me? With highest artistic force the work not only gives the outer mischances happening to so many people, but also points out with wonderful penetration he deepest agonies of the soul.
Sophia: One cannot, I fear, form a proper conception a work of art by simply hearing of its contents. But would like you to tell me what stirred you so.
Estella: The construction of the play was admirable. The artist wished to show how a young painter loses all his creative desire, because he begins to doubt his love for a woman. She had endowed him with the power to develop his promising talents. Pure enthusiasm for his art had produced in her the most beautiful love of sacrifice. To her he owed the fullest development of his abilities in his chosen field. He blossomed, as it were, in the sunshine of his benefactress. Constant association with this woman developed his gratitude into passionate love. This caused him to neglect, more and more, a poor creature who was faithfully devoted to him, and who finally died of grief, because she had to confess to herself that she had lost the heart of the man she loved. When he heard of her death, the news did not seriously disturb him, for his heart belonged entirely to his benefactress. Yet he grew ever more and more certain that her noble feeling of friendship for him would never turn to passionate love. This conviction drove all creative joy from his soul, and his inner life grew constantly more desolate. In this condition of life the poor girl, whom he had forsaken, came again into his mind, and a wrecked life was all that resulted from a hopeful and promising man. Without prospect of a single ray of light he pined away. All this is portrayed with intense dramatic vividness.
Sophia: I can easily see how the play must have worked upon your feelings. As a girl you always suffered intensely at the destiny of such people, who had been driven to bitterness by heavy misfortunes in their life.
Estella: My dear Sophy; you misunderstand me. I can easily distinguish between what is real and what is merely artistic. And criticism fails, I know, if one carries into it the feelings one had in life. What stirred me here so deeply was the really perfect representation of a deep problem of life. I was once again able to realize clearly how art can only mount to such heights, when it keeps close to the fulness of life. As soon as it departs therefrom, its works are untrue.
Sophia: I understand you perfectly when you speak like that. I have always admired the artists who could represent what you call the reality of life. And I believe a great many have that power,—especially nowadays. Nevertheless even the very highest attainments leave behind them in my soul a certain discomfort For a long time I was unable to explain this to myself, but one day the light came that brought the answer.
Estella: You mean to tell me, that your conception of the world has dispelled your appreciation of so-called realistic art.
Sophia: Dear Estelle, let us not speak of my conception of the world to-day. You know quite well, that the feeling I have just described was entirely familiar to me long before I knew anything at all about what you call my ‘conception of the world.’ And these feelings are not only aroused in me with reference to so-called realistic art: but other things also create a similar feeling in me. It grows especially marked when I become aware of what I might call, in a higher sense, the want of truth in certain works of art.
Estella: There I really cannot follow you.
Sophia: A vivid grasp of real truth must needs create in the heart a sense of a certain poverty in works of art. For of course the greatest artist is always a novice compared with nature in her perfection. The most accomplished artist fails to give me what I can get from the revelation of a landscape or a human countenance.
Estella: But that is in the nature of the case and cannot be altered.
Sophia: But it could be altered, if men would only become clear on one point. They could say that it is irrational for the soul to reproduce what higher powers have already set before us as the highest works of art. These same powers have implanted in man an impulse to continue the great work of creation, in order to give the world what they themselves have not yet placed before the senses. In all that man can create, the original powers of creation have left nature incomplete. Why should he reproduce nature's perfections in an imperfect form, when he has the ability to change the imperfect into perfection? If you think of this assertion as changed into an elemental feeling you will understand why I feel a sense of distress towards much that you call art. It is distressing to see an external sense-reality imperfectly, portrayed in realistic art. On the other hand, the least perfect representation of what is concealed behind the outwardly observed phenomenon may prove a revelation.
Estella: You are really talking. of something that nowhere exists. No true artist really tries to give a bare reproduction of nature.
Sophia: That is just why so many works of art are imperfect; for the creative function leads of itself beyond nature, and the artist does not know the appearance of what is outside his senses.
Estella: I see no possibility of our coming to any understanding with one another on this point. It is indeed sad that, in these most important problems of the soul, my best friend follows views so different from my own. I hope our friendship may yet fall on better days.
Sophia: On such a point we shall surely be able to accept whatever life may bring us.
Estella: Au revoir, dear Sophy.
Sophia: Good-bye, dear Estelle.
Curtain
Zwischenspiel
(Es ist angenommen, daß das Vorhergehende die Aufführung war, welcher Sophia beigewohnt hat, und daß sie am nächsten Tage wieder von ihrer Freundin Estella besucht wird. Das Folgende in demselben Zimmer wie das Vorspiel.)
Sophia:
Meine liebe Estella, verzeih, daß ich dich habe warten lassen; es war notwendig, erst etwas bei den Kindern zu besorgen.
Estella:
Ich bin nun schon wieder bei dir. Ich habe dich so lieb, daß ich mich stets nach dir sehne, wenn mich etwas tief bewegt.
Sophia:
Du wirst in mir stets die Freundin finden, die an deinen Empfindungen den wärmsten Anteil nehmen kann.
Estella:
Es gingen mir diese »Enterbten des Leibes und der Seele« so nahe. Es mag dir recht sonderbar scheinen, wenn ich sage, daß es mir einige Augenblicke lang war, als ob alles mir sich vor die Seele stellte, was ich jemals an Menschenleid habe beobachten können. Mit der größten künstlerischen Kraft ist in diesem Werke nicht nur dargestellt, was an äußerem Missgeschick bei so vielen Menschen anzutreffen ist, sondern es wird mit einem bewundernswerten Scharfblick auf die tiefsten Seelenschmerzen gewiesen.
Sophia:
Man kann sich von einem Kunstwerke gewiß keine rechte Vorstellung bilden, wenn man nur von seinem Inhalt hört; dennoch wäre es mir lieb, wenn du mir etwas mitteilen wolltest von dem, was dich so sehr bewegt.
Estella:
Man hatte es mit einem wundervollen Aufbau zu tun. Der Künstler will zeigen, wie ein junger Maler alle Schaffenslust verliert, weil er an der Liebe zu einer Frau zu zweifeln beginnt. Sie hatte ihm die Kraft gegeben, seine hoffnungsvollen Anlagen zu entwickeln. In ihr war aus reinster Begeisterung für seine Kunst die schönste Opferliebe entstanden. Und dieser konnte er es danken, daß er auf seinem Gebiete eine volle Entfaltung seiner Kräfte erlebte. Er erblühte gewissermaßen in der Sonne seiner Wohltäterin. Aus seiner Dankbarkeit entwickelte sich nun durch vieles Zusammensein mit dieser Frau eine leidenschaftliche Liebe zu ihr. Dadurch vernachlässigte er immer mehr ein armes Geschöpf, das ihm in Treue ergeben war und das schließlich aus Gram starb, weil es sich sagen mußte, daß ihm des geliebten Mannes Herz verloren sei. Als er von ihrem Tod hörte, ging ihm die Nachricht nicht besonders nahe, denn seine Gefühle gehörten allein seiner Wohltäterin. Doch mußte er immer mehr sich überzeugen, daß deren edle Freundschaftsempfindungen sich nie in leidenschaftliche Liebe wandeln könnten. Das trieb ihm alle Schaffensfreude aus der Seele. Er fühlte sich in seinem Innenleben immer öder. In solcher Lebenslage kam ihm auch wieder seine arme Verlassene in den Sinn. Und aus einem hoffnungsvollen Menschen wurde eine Lebensruine. Ohne Aussicht auf irgendeinen Lichtpunkt siechte er dahin. ‒ Das alles ist mit höchster dramatischer Lebendigkeit durchgeführt.
Sophia:
Ich kann mir denken, wie gewaltig diese Darstellung gerade auf meine liebe Estella gewirkt hat, die schon in ihrer Jugend so sehr litt, wenn ihr das Schicksal solcher Menschen vor Augen trat, die durch schwere Lebenskonflikte in bittre Seelennot getrieben wurden.
Estella:
Meine liebe Sophie, du missverstehst mich nach dieser Richtung. Ich kann wohl unterscheiden zwischen Kunstwerk und Wirklichkeit. Und es hieße das erstere nicht aus sich selbst beurteilen, wenn man in das Urteil die Gefühle hineintragen wollte, welche man im Leben den dargestellten Ereignissen entgegenbringt. Was mich so tief erschüttert hat, ist diesmal wirklich nur die vollendete künstlerische Ausgestaltung einer tiefen Lebensfrage. Und ich konnte wieder mit voller Klarheit erkennen, wie die Kunst nur dann zu ihrer Höhe emporsteigen kann, wenn sie sich an das volle Leben hält. Sobald sie sich von diesem entfernt, werden ihre Werke unwahr.
Sophia:
Ich kann dich völlig verstehen, wenn du so sprichst. Ich habe immer diejenigen Künstler bewundert, welche bis zu einer vollendeten Darstellung dessen gelangen, was du Lebenswahrheit nennst. Und ich glaube, daß gerade in unserer Zeit darinnen es mancher zur Meisterschaft gebracht hat. Nur ließen in meiner Seele gerade die höchsten Leistungen auf diesem Gebiete eine gewiße Unbehaglichkeit zurück. Ich konnte mir das lange nicht erklären. Eines Tages kam mir das Licht, das mir Antwort brachte.
Estella:
Du willst mir wohl sagen, daß dich deine Weltanschauung von der Schätzung der sogenannten Wirklichkeitskunst abgebracht hat.
Sophia:
Liebe Estella, reden wir doch heute nicht von meiner Weltanschauung. Du weißt recht gut, daß die eben geschilderte Empfindung in mir lange vorhanden war, bevor ich auch nur das geringste von dem wußte, was du meine Weltanschauung nennst. Und ich empfinde so nicht nur der realistisch sein wollenden Kunst gegenüber, sondern auch andere Richtungen erzeugen mir ein ähnliches Gefühl. Das tritt besonders dann in mir auf, wenn ich gewahr werde, was ich in einem höhern Sinne die Unwahrheit gewisser Kunstwerke nennen möchte.
Estella:
Darinnen kann ich dir wahrlich nicht folgen.
Sophia:
Bedenke, meine liebe Estella, daß eine lebensvolle Erfassung der wahren Wirklichkeit dem Herzen das Gefühl einer gewißen Armut des Kunstwerkes erzeugen muß, da es doch gewiß ist, daß auch der größte Künstler der vollen Natur gegenüber nur ein Stümper bleiben muß. Mir wenigstens kann auch die vollendete künstlerische Nachbildung das nicht geben, was ich etwa den Offenbarungen einer Landschaft oder eines menschlichen Antlitzes verdanke.
Estella:
Das liegt doch aber in der Natur der Sache, und ist nicht zu ändern.
Sophia:
Es wäre zu ändern, wenn nur die Menschen sich über Eines zur Klarheit bringen wollten. Sie können sich nämlich sagen, daß es widersinnig ist, durch die menschlichen Seelenkräfte das noch einmal zu bilden, was höhere Mächte als das wahrste Kunstwerk vor uns ausbreiten. Doch haben dieselben Mächte dem Menschen ein Streben in die Seele gelegt, an dem Schöpfungswerke gewissermaßen fortzuarbeiten, um das der Welt zu geben, was diese Mächte noch nicht selbst vor die Sinne hinstellen. In allem, was der Mensch schaffen kann, haben die schöpferischen Mächte die Natur unvollendet gelassen. Warum sollte er ihre Vollkommenheit in unvollkommener Gestalt nachbilden, da er doch ihre Unvollkommenheit in Vollkommenheit wandeln kann. Denke dir diese Behauptung in ein elementarisches Gefühl verwandelt, und du wirst dir auch eine Vorstellung davon machen können, warum ich Unbehagen empfinde so vielem gegenüber, was du Kunst nennst. Das Gewahrwerden einer unvollkommenen Wiedergabe der sinnenfälligen Wirklichkeit muß Unbehagen hervorrufen, während die unvollkommenste Darstellung dessen, was sich hinter der äußeren Beobachtung verbirgt, eine Offenbarung sein kann.
Estella:
Du redest eigentlich von etwas, was nirgends vorhanden ist. Denn eine bloße Wiedergabe der Natur erstrebt ja kein wahrer Künstler.
Sophia:
Darin liegt aber gerade die Unvollkommenheit vieler Kunstwerke, daß die schöpferische Betätigung durch sich selbst über die Natur hinausführt, und daß der Künstler nicht weiß, wie das aussieht, was nicht in die sinnliche Beobachtung fällt.
Estella:
Ich sehe keine Möglichkeit für uns, in diesem Punkte zu einem gegenseitigen Verständnis zu kommen. Es ist recht bitter, die liebste Freundin in den wichtigsten Seelenfragen Wege gehen zu sehen, die von den eigenen so abweichen. Ich hoffe dennoch auf bessere Zeiten für unsere Freundschaft.
Sophia:
Wir sollten in diesem Punkte hinnehmen können, was uns das Leben bringt
Estella:
Auf Wiedersehen, liebe Sophie.
Sophia:
Auf Wiedersehen, meine gute Estella.
Interlude
(It is assumed that the preceding scene was the performance Sophia attended, and that she is visited again the next day by her friend Estella. The following takes place in the same room as the prologue.)
Sophia:
My dear Estella, forgive me for keeping you waiting; I had to take care of something with the children first.
Estella:
I am with you again now. I love you so much that I always long for you when something moves me deeply.
Sophia:
You will always find in me a friend who can warmly share your feelings.
Estella:
These “disinherited of body and soul” touched me so deeply. It may seem strange to you when I say that for a few moments it was as if everything I had ever observed in human suffering was presented before my soul. With the greatest artistic power, this work not only depicts the external misfortunes that befall so many people, but also points to the deepest pains of the soul with admirable insight.
Sophia:
It is certainly impossible to form a proper idea of a work of art from hearing only about its content; nevertheless, I would be grateful if you would tell me something about what moves you so much.
Estella:
It was a wonderfully constructed piece. The artist wants to show how a young painter loses all desire to create because he begins to doubt his love for a woman. She had given him the strength to develop his promising talents. Her pure enthusiasm for his art had given rise to the most beautiful self-sacrificing love. And he was able to thank her for the fact that he experienced the full development of his powers in his field. He blossomed, so to speak, in the sunshine of his benefactress. His gratitude developed into a passionate love for her through spending a lot of time together. As a result, he increasingly neglected a poor creature who was devoted to him and who eventually died of grief because she had to admit to herself that the heart of her beloved man was lost to her. When he heard of her death, the news did not particularly affect him, for his feelings belonged solely to his benefactor. But he had to convince himself more and more that her noble feelings of friendship could never turn into passionate love. This drove all creative joy from his soul. He felt increasingly desolate in his inner life. In such a situation, his poor abandoned woman came back to his mind. And a hopeful person became a ruin of a life. Without any prospect of a ray of light, he wasted away. ‒ All this is carried out with the utmost dramatic vividness.
Sophia:
I can imagine how powerful this portrayal must have been for my dear Estella, who already suffered so much in her youth when she was confronted with the fate of people who were driven into bitter mental anguish by severe conflicts in their lives.
Estella:
My dear Sophie, you misunderstand me in this regard. I can distinguish between a work of art and reality. And it would not be judging the former on its own merits if one were to bring into the judgment the feelings one has in life toward the events depicted. What has shaken me so deeply this time is really only the perfect artistic rendering of a profound question of life. And I was able to see once again with complete clarity how art can only rise to its heights when it adheres to life in its entirety. As soon as it departs from this, its works become untrue.
Sophia:
I completely understand what you mean. I have always admired those artists who achieve a perfect representation of what you call the truth of life. And I believe that, especially in our time, some have achieved mastery in this. But it was precisely the highest achievements in this field that left a certain uneasiness in my soul. For a long time, I couldn't explain why. One day, the light dawned on me and I found the answer.
Estella:
You mean to tell me that your worldview has dissuaded you from appreciating so-called realistic art.
Sophia:
Dear Estella, let's not talk about my worldview today. You know very well that the feeling I just described had been present in me long before I knew anything about what you call my worldview. And I feel this way not only toward art that aims to be realistic, but other genres also evoke a similar feeling in me. This occurs particularly when I become aware of what I would call, in a higher sense, the untruthfulness of certain works of art.
Estella:
I truly cannot follow you in that.
Estella:
But that is in the nature of things and cannot be changed.
It could be changed if only people would be clear about one thing. They can tell themselves that it is absurd to use human soul powers to recreate what higher powers have laid out before us as the truest work of art. But these same powers have placed a striving in the human soul to continue the work of creation, so to speak, in order to give the world what these powers themselves do not yet present to the senses. In everything that human beings can create, the creative powers have left nature unfinished. Why should he reproduce their perfection in an imperfect form, when he can transform their imperfection into perfection? Imagine this assertion transformed into an elementary feeling, and you will also be able to imagine why I feel uneasy about so much of what you call art. Becoming aware of an imperfect representation of sensory reality must cause discomfort, while the most imperfect representation of what lies behind external observation can be a revelation.
Estella:
You are actually talking about something that does not exist anywhere. For no true artist strives for a mere reproduction of nature.
Sophia:
But therein lies the imperfection of many works of art, that creative activity in itself leads beyond nature, and that the artist does not know what that looks like which does not fall within sensory observation.
Estella:
I see no possibility for us to reach a mutual understanding on this point. It is quite bitter to see your dearest friend take paths that differ so greatly from your own in the most important questions of the soul. Nevertheless, I hope for better times for our friendship.
Sophia:
We should be able to accept what life brings us in this regard.
Estella:
Goodbye, dear Sophie.
Sophia:
Goodbye, my dear Estella.
