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The Festivals and Their Meaning:
Ascension and Pentecost
GA 224

7 May 1923, Dornach

I. The Whitsun Mystery and its Connection with the Ascension

In the course of the evolution of mankind, the different world-religions have placed mighty pictures before humanity. If these pictures are to be fully understood a certain esoteric knowledge is required. In the course of years, such a knowledge, based on Anthroposophy, has been applied to the interpretation of all the four Gospels, in order that their deeper content and meaning may be brought to light.* This content is for the most part in the form of pictures, because pictures refuse to communicate themselves in the narrow, rationalistic way that is possible with concepts and ideas. People think that once a concept has been grasped they have got to the root of everything to which it is relevant. No such opinion is possible in the case of a picture, an imagination. A picture or an imagination works in a living way, like a living being itself. We may have come to know one aspect or another of a living person, but ever and again he will present new aspects to us. We shall not be satisfied, therefore, with definitions purporting to be comprehensive, but we shall endeavour to look for characteristics which contribute to the picture from different angles, giving us increasing knowledge of the person in question.1See lecture-courses by Rudolf Steiner on each of the four Gospels; also numbers of other published lectures.

To-day I want to bring two familiar pictures before you, and to describe certain aspects of them.

The first picture is that of the disciples of Christ Jesus on the day of the Ascension. Gazing upwards, they see Christ vanishing in the clouds. The usual conception of this scene is that Christ went up into heaven and so departed from the earth, and that the disciples were then left, as it were, to their own resources. Likewise all earthly humanity, for whose sake Christ fulfilled the Mystery of Golgotha, was by the Ascension left to its own resources.

The thought may occur to you that in a certain respect this belies the reality of the Mystery of Golgotha. We ourselves know that through His deed on Golgotha Christ resolved to unite His own Being with the earth, that is to say, from the Mystery of Golgotha onwards to remain forever connected with earth-evolution. The mighty picture of the Ascension might thus seem to be at variance with what esoteric vision of the Mystery of Golgotha reveals concerning Christ's union with the earth and with mankind.

We will try to-day to overcome this seeming contradiction in the light of actual spiritual facts.

The second picture is that of the scene ten days after the Ascension, when tongues of fire descend upon the heads of the assembled disciples and they are moved “to speak with other tongues.” What this actually means is that henceforward the disciples were able to impart the secrets of the Deed on Golgotha to the heart of every human being, irrespective of religion or creed.

Keeping these two pictures before our minds, we shall try to give some indication of their meaning. Anything more than this is not possible.

We know from our study of Anthroposophy, that the evolution of mankind did not begin on the Earth, but that Earth-evolution proper was preceded by a “Moon” evolution, this by a “Sun” evolution, and this again by a “Saturn” evolution, as described in my book An Outline of Occult Science. During the period of the “Saturn” evolution, man developed in his descent from the Spiritual as far as the rudimentary basis of the physical body. In that epoch, however, the physical body was a body of warmth only; that is to say, warmth of varying degrees, forces of warmth, gathered together around the being of soul-and-spirit.

During the “Sun” evolution man acquired an aeriform body, during the “Moon” evolution a kind of fluid, watery body, and a solid, earthy body, in the real sense, only during “Earth” evolution proper.

Let us think, now, particularly of the Earth-evolution. It fulfils its course in seven successive epochs, of which the first three are recapitulations: the first, a recapitulation of the “Saturn” period, the second of the “Sun” period, the third (the Lemurian epoch) of the “Moon” period. Earth-evolution proper really begins with the fourth epoch, that of Atlantis. We are living now in the fifth epoch, which will be followed by the sixth and the seventh.

The mid-point of Earth-evolution falls in the middle of the Atlantean epoch, and so in our present age the Earth has already passed the mid-point of its development. From this you will realise that the Earth is already involved in a declining phase of evolution, and in our time this must always be taken into account. As I have often said, it conforms entirely with the findings even of modern materialistic geology.

In his book The Face of the Earth, Eduard Suess has stated that the soil beneath our feet to-day belongs to an earth that is already dying. During the Atlantean epoch the earth was, so to say, in the middle period of life; it teemed with inner life; it had upon it no such formations as the rocks and stones, which are gradually crumbling away. The mineral element was active in the earthly realm in the way in which it is active to-day in an animal organism, in a state of solution out of which deposits will not form unless the organism is diseased. If the animal organism is healthy it is only the bones that can be said to take their form as deposits. In the bones, however, there is still inner life. The bones are not in the condition of death, they are not, like our mountains and rocks, in process of crumbling into dust. The crumbling of the rocks is evidence that the earth is already involved in a death-process.

As already said, this is now known even to ordinary materialistic geology. Anthroposophy must add to this knowledge the fact that the earth has been involved in this process of decline ever since the middle of the Atlantean epoch. Moreover, in the earth must be included everything that belongs to it: the plants, the animals, and, above all, physical man. Physical man is part and parcel of the earth. In that the earth is involved in a process of decline, so too is the human physical body. Expressed differently, in more esoteric terms, this signifies that by the middle of the Atlantean epoch, everything that was first laid down in a germinal condition in the warmth-body of the “Saturn” evolution had reached completion. The human physical body actually reached completion by the middle of the Atlantean epoch, and since then the path of its evolution has been one of decline.

Evolution does not, of course, proceed with complete uniformity. One race or people enters a phase of evolution earlier or later than another, but, speaking generally, at the time when the Mystery of Golgotha was at hand, the evolution of the physical constitution of man had reached a stage when humanity all over the globe was facing the prospect of finding further incarnation impossible on the earth; in other words, of being unable henceforward to accompany the earth in its declining evolution.

In the Schools of Initiation it was known, and can of course also be known to-day, that at about the time of the Mystery of Golgotha the human physical body had reached a degree of decline where the men who were then in incarnation or who were to be incarnated in the near future, that is, up to about the fourth century A.D., were faced with the danger of leaving an earth that was growing more and more desolate and barren, and of finding no possibility in the future of descending from the world of spirit-and-soul and building a physical body out of materials provided by the physical earth. This danger existed, and the inevitable consequence would have been the failure of man to fulfil his allotted earthly mission. The Ahrimanic and Luciferic powers working in combination had succeeded to the extent that at the time of the Mystery of Golgotha, earthly mankind was face to face with the possibility of dying out.

Mankind was rescued from this fate through that which was achieved by the Mystery of Golgotha, whereby the human physical body itself was imbued again with the necessary forces of life and freshness. Men were thereby enabled to continue their further evolution on earth, inasmuch as they could now come down from worlds of spirit-and-soul and find it possible to live in physical bodies. Such was the actual effect of the Mystery of Golgotha.

I have often spoken of this, as for example in the lecture-course given in Carlsruhe under the title From Jesus to Christ.2Ten lectures, Oct. 5th—14th, 1911. Rudolf Steiner Publishing Co. The greatest hostility was aroused by these lectures because, out of a sense of esoteric duty, certain truths were presented which many people wish to keep concealed. Indeed it can be said that from a certain quarter the hostility to Anthroposophy started from these very lectures.

What I have described, however, is one aspect of the actual effect of the Mystery of Golgotha. This same fact can, of course, be expressed in many different ways. It was expressed differently in that lecture-course, but what I am now describing is the same fact, merely seen from another side. Through the Mystery of Golgotha, the forces promoting the growth and thriving of man's physical body were quickened anew, with the following result.—It was now made possible for man to receive, during his life of sleep, an impulse he would not otherwise have received. The whole evolution of man on earth takes its course, as we know, in the alternation of waking life and sleep-life. In sleep, the physical body and ether-body remain behind; from the time of falling asleep until that of waking, the ego and the astral body make themselves independent of them. During this state of independence in sleep the influence of the Christ-Force takes effect in the ego and the astral body in those men who through the requisite mood and content of their soul-life have made fitting preparation for this condition of sleep. Penetration of these higher bodies by the Christ-Force, therefore, takes place mainly during the state of sleep.

To turn now to the biblical event of the Ascension, we must realise that at that time the disciples had become clairvoyant to a degree at which they were able to behold what is, in truth, a deep secret of earthly evolution. These secrets remain unnoticed by man's everyday consciousness, which is incapable of knowing whether at one point or another in the evolution of humanity something of supreme importance is taking place. There are many such happenings, but the everyday consciousness is unaware of them. The picture of the Ascension actually signifies that at this moment Christ's disciples were able to witness spiritually an event of untold significance, enacted “behind the scenes” as it were of earthly evolution.

What they witnessed revealed to them, as in a picture, the prospect of what would have come about for men had the Mystery of Golgotha not taken place. They beheld as a concrete spiritual happening what would have then befallen, namely, that the physical bodies of men would have so deteriorated that the whole future of humanity would have been endangered. For the consequence of this physical deterioration would have been that the human etheric body would have obeyed the forces of attraction which properly belong to it. The etheric body is being drawn all the time towards the sun, not towards the earth. Our constitution as human beings is such that our physical body has earthly heaviness, gravity, but our etheric body, sun-levity. Had the human physical body become what it must have become if the Mystery of Golgotha had not taken place, the etheric bodies of men would have followed their own urge towards the sun and have left the physical body. The existence of mankind on earth would inevitably have come to an end.

Until the Mystery of Golgotha, Christ's dwelling-place was the sun. Therefore in that the etheric body of man strives towards the sun, it is striving towards the Christ. Now picture to yourselves the scene on the day of the Ascension. In spiritual vision the disciples see Christ Himself rising heavenwards. A vision is conjured before them of how the power, the impulse of Christ unites itself with the etheric nature of man, in its upward striving; of how at the time of the Mystery of Golgotha man was facing the danger of his etheric body being drawn out into the sun like a cloud, but how, in its sunward streaming, it was held together by Christ. This picture must be understood, for in truth it is a warning. Christ is akin to those forces in man which naturally strive towards the sun and away from the earth, and will always do so. But Christ remains in union with the earth. Thus the Christ Impulse holds man securely on the earth.

In this picture of the Ascension, something more is manifest to the disciples. Suppose that the Mystery of Golgotha had not taken place and that numbers of men had become clairvoyant to the degree to which the disciples became clairvoyant at this moment. These men would have seen the etheric bodies of certain human beings departing from the earth in the direction of the sun, and they would have come to this conclusion: ‘This is the path man's etheric body is taking. The etheric-earthly element in man is being drawn away into the sun.’ But now, by carrying to its fulfilment the Mystery of Golgotha, Christ has rescued for the earth this sunward-striving etheric body. And thereby is manifest the fact that Christ remains united with mankind on the earth. Thus something else became apparent here, namely that through the Mystery of Golgotha Christ brought to pass within earth-evolution a cosmic event. Christ came down from the heights of spirit, linked Himself with humanity in the man Jesus of Nazareth, fulfilled the Mystery of Golgotha, united His evolution with that of the earth. It was a cosmic Deed accomplished for the whole of humanity.

Mark these words: The Deed on Golgotha was fulfilled for all mankind. The eye of clairvoyance can never fail to perceive how, since that Deed, the etheric forces in man, with their urge to escape from the earth, are united with Christ in order that He may keep them in the earth-evolution. This applies to the whole of mankind.

This leads us to another consideration. Suppose that only a handful of human beings had been able to acquire knowledge of these facts that relate to the Mystery of Golgotha, and that a large section of mankind—as is actually the case—had not recognised its significance. If this had come about, the earth would be peopled by a few true believers in Christ and by a large number who do not acknowledge the essential content and meaning of the Mystery of Golgotha. What, then, is to be said of the latter? How are these human beings who do not acknowledge the Mystery of Golgotha related to it?—or, better put, how is the Deed of Christ on Golgotha related to these human beings?

The Deed of Christ on Golgotha is an objective fact; its cosmic significance does not depend upon what men believe about it. An objective fact has, in itself, reality of being. If an oven is hot, it does not become cold because a number of people believe that it is cold.—The Mystery of Golgotha rescues mankind from the decay of the physical body, no matter what men believe or do not believe about it. The Mystery of Golgotha was enacted for the sake of all men, including those who do not believe in it.—That is the cardinal fact to be remembered.

We realise, then, that the Deed on Golgotha was enacted in order that by this means mankind on earth might be quickened to the degree necessary for its rejuvenation. That has come to pass. It has been made possible for men to find on the earth bodies in which they can and will for long ages of future time—be able to incarnate. It is, however, fundamentally as beings of spirit-and-soul that men will pass through existence in these now rejuvenated earthly bodies, and it is as beings of spirit-and-soul that they will be able to appear on the earth again and again.

Now the Christ Impulse, which must have significance for the spiritual nature of man as well as for his bodily nature, can impress itself upon a man's waking state, but it can make no impression on his sleeping state unless this Impulse has been received into his soul. The Mystery of Golgotha, therefore, would have produced its effect in the waking life of men who had no knowledge of it; but it would not, in such circumstances, have affected them in their life of sleep. The inevitable result would have been that while men would have gained the possibility of incarnating time and again on the earth, nevertheless, if they had acquired no knowledge of the Mystery of Golgotha, the condition of their sleep would have been such that the connection of their spirit-and-soul nature with Christ must have been lost.

Here you see the difference in the relation to the Mystery of Golgotha of those men who have, so to speak, no desire to know anything about it. Christ performed His Deed for their bodies, in order that earthly life should be made possible for them, just as He performed it for utterly unbelieving non-Christian peoples. But to take effect in man's spirit-and-soul nature, the Christ Impulse must also be able to penetrate into the human soul during the state of sleep. And this is only possible if a man consciously acknowledges the import of the Mystery of Golgotha. The spiritual effect of the Mystery of Golgotha, therefore, can proceed only from a true recognition of its content.

Thus there are two things that mankind must realise: on the one hand that Christ holds back the ether-body in its perpetual urge towards the sun; and on the other, that man's spirit-and-soul nature, his ego and astral body, can receive the Christ Impulse only in the time between falling asleep and waking—and this is only possible when knowledge of this Impulse has been acquired in waking life.

To sum up: the urge of the etheric bodies of men to draw towards the sun is perceived by the disciples in clairvoyant vision. But they also perceive how Christ unites Himself with this urge, restrains it, holds it fast. The mighty scene of the Ascension is that of the rescue of the physical-etheric nature of man by Christ.

The disciples withdraw in deep contemplation. For in their awakened souls is the knowledge that through the Mystery of Golgotha complete provision was made for the physical-etheric nature of mankind as a whole. But what happens, they wonder, to the being of spirit-and-soul? Whence does man acquire the power to receive the Christ Impulse into his nature of spirit-and-soul, into his ego and astral body? The answer is found in the Whitsun festival.

Through the Mystery of Golgotha the Christ Impulse has taken effect on the earth as a reality which is within the comprehension of spiritual cognition alone. No materialistic knowledge, no materialistic science can understand the Mystery of Golgotha. Hence the soul must acquire the power of spiritual cognition, of spiritual perception, of spiritual feeling, in order to be able to understand how, on Golgotha, the Christ Impulse was united with the impulses of the earth.

Christ Jesus fulfilled His Deed on Golgotha to the end that this union might take effect, fulfilled it in such a way that ten days after the event of the Ascension He sent man the possibility of imbuing also his inner nature of spirit-and-soul, his ego and astral body, with the Christ Impulse. The permeation of the human spirit-and-soul with the power to understand the Mystery of Golgotha is the sending of the Holy Spirit. This is the picture of the Whitsun festival, the festival of Pentecost. Christ fulfilled His Deed for all mankind. But to each human individual, in order that he may be able to understand this Deed, Christ sent the Spirit, in order that the individual being of spirit-and-soul may have access to the effects of the Deed that was accomplished for all men in common. Through the Spirit man must learn to experience the Christ Mystery inwardly, in spirit and in soul.

Thus these two pictures stand side by side in the history of the evolution of humanity. That of the Ascension tells us: The Deed on Golgotha was fulfilled for the physical body and the etheric body in the universal human sense. That of Whitsun tells us: The single human being must make this Deed bear fruit in himself by receiving the Holy Spirit. Thereby the Christ Impulse becomes individual in each human being.

And now something else can be added to the picture of the Ascension. Spiritual visions such as came to the disciples on the day of the Ascension always have a bearing upon what man actually experiences in one or another state of consciousness. After death, as you know, the etheric body leaves the human being. He lays aside the physical body at death, retains the etheric body for a few days, and then the etheric body dissolves, is actually united with the sun. This dissolution after death betokens union with the sun-nature streaming through the space in which the earth, too is included. Since the Mystery of Golgotha, man beholds, together with this departing etheric body, the Christ Who has rescued it for earthly existence through the ages of time to come. So that since the Mystery of Golgotha there stands before the soul of every human being who passes through death the Ascension picture which the disciples were able to behold that day in a particular condition of their soul-life.

But for one who makes the Whitsun Mystery, too, part of his being, who allows the Holy Spirit to draw near to him—for such a one this picture after death becomes the source of the greatest consolation he can possibly experience: for now he beholds the Mystery of Golgotha in all its truth and reality. This picture of the Ascension tells him: You can with confidence entrust all your following incarnations to earth-evolution, for through the Mystery of Golgotha Christ has become the Saviour of earth-evolution.—For one who does not penetrate with his ego and astral body—that is to say, does not penetrate with knowledge and with feeling—to the essence of the Mystery of Golgotha, for him this picture is a reproach until such time as he too learns to understand it. After death, the picture is as it were an admonition: Endeavour to acquire for the next earthly life such forces as will enable you to understand the Mystery of Golgotha!—That this picture of the Ascension should, to begin with, be an admonition, is only natural; for in subsequent earthly lives men can endeavour to apply the forces they have been admonished to acquire, and gain understanding of the Mystery of Golgotha.

You can now perceive the difference between those who with their inmost forces of faith, knowledge and feeling put their trust in the Mystery of Golgotha, and those who do not. The Mystery of Golgotha was fulfilled for mankind as a whole, in respect of the physical body and etheric body only. The sending of the Holy Spirit, the Whitsun mystery, signifies that the soul and spirit of man can partake of the fruits of the Deed on Golgotha only if he finds wings to bear him to actual understanding of the essence and meaning of that Deed.

But because this essence and meaning can be fully grasped by spiritual knowledge alone, not by material knowledge, it follows that the truth of the Whitsun festival can be grasped only when men realise that the sending of the Holy Spirit is the challenge to humanity more and more to achieve Spirit-knowledge, through which alone the Mystery of Golgotha can be understood.

That it must be understood—this is the challenge of the Whitsun Mystery. That it came to pass for all mankind—this is the revelation given in the Ascension.

And so it can truly be said that Anthroposophy enables us to understand the relation of the Whitsun Mystery to the Ascension revelation. We can feel Anthroposophy to be like a herald bringing illumination to these festivals of Spring, and to its many facets we have added yet another, essentially belonging to it.

This should convey to you the mood-of-soul in which the true feeling for the festivals of the Ascension and of Whitsun can arise. The pictures which such festivals bring before the soul are like living beings: we can approach nearer and nearer to their reality, learn to know them more and more intimately. When once again the year is filled with spiritual understanding of the festival seasons, it will be imbued with cosmic reality, and within earthly existence men will experience cosmic existence.

Whitsun is pre-eminently a festival of flowers. If a man has a true feeling for this Festival he will go out among the buds and blossoms opening under the influence of the sun, under the etheric and astral influences—and he will perceive in the flower-decked earth the earthly image of what flows together in the picture of Christ's Ascension, and the descent of the tongues of fire upon the heads of the disciples which followed later. The heart of man as it opens may be symbolised by the flower opening itself to the sun; and what pours down from the sun, giving the flower the fertilising power it needs, may be symbolised by the tongues of fire descending: upon the heads of the disciples. Anthroposophy can work upon human hearts with the power that streams from an understanding of the festival times and from true contemplation of each festival season; it can help to evoke the mood-of-soul that conforms truly with these days of the Spring festivals.

[Following the lecture Rudolf Steiner requested members to avoid making the jobs of the guards protecting the burned Goetheanum more difficult by entering these areas. See GA 259.]

Die Himmelfahrtsoffenbarung und das Pfingstgeheimnis

Die Entwickelung der Erdenmenschheit hat aus den verschiedenen Religionssystemen heraus gewaltige Bilder vor diese Menschheit hingestellt, Bilder, zu deren völligem Verständnis schon einmal eine Art esoterischer Erkenntnis gehört. Wir haben auf anthroposophischem‘ Boden im Laufe der Jahre alle vier Evangelien in dieser Weise interpretiert gesehen, indem wir die anthroposophisch-esoterische Erkenntnis anwendeten, um den tieferen Gehalt der Evangelien an das Tageslicht zu ziehen. In der Regel ist dasjenige, worum es sich dabei handelt, dargestellt in Bildern, die gerade deshalb Bilder sind, weil Bilder sich nicht in einer so engen Weise rationalistisch mitteilen lassen wie Begriffe und Ideen.

Bei Begriffen und Ideen hat der Mensch die Meinung, daß er, wenn er den Begriff in sich aufgenommen hat, alles durchschaut habe, was in Betracht kommt. Bei dem Bilde, bei der Imagination, kann man eine solche Meinung nicht haben. Das Bild, die Imagination wirkt lebendig. Man möchte sagen, sie wirkt lebendig wie ein lebendes Wesen selber, sagen wir, ein lebendes Wesen wie der Mensch. Man mag es von dieser oder jener Seite kennengelernt haben, man wird aber immer wieder und wiederum neue Seiten kennenlernen. Und man wird sich nicht begnügen mit allerlei Definitionen, die die Sache umfassen sollen, sondern man wird sich aufschwingen wollen zu Charakteristiken, die von verschiedenen Seiten her dem Bilde beizukommen streben und die das Bild immer mehr und mehr zur Erkenntnis des Menschen bringen.

Nun möchte ich heute gerade zwei Bilder, die Sie als Bilder ja gut kennen, vor Ihre Seele hinstellen und einiges in bezug auf diese Bilder charakterisieren. Das eine Bild ist dasjenige, das uns die Jünger des Christus Jesus darstellt am Himmelfahrtstage, wie sie aufblickend entschweben sehen den Christus in den Wolken. Das Bild wird gewöhnlich so aufgefaßt, daß der Christus himmelwärts gefahren ist, die Erde verlassen habe, und daß die Jünger gewissermaßen auf sich selbst gestellt sind, wie überhaupt sich die Erdenmenschheit, für die der Christus durch das Mysterium von Golgatha gegangen ist, nach seiner Himmelfahrt sich selbst überlassen sieht.

Sie können leicht auf den Gedanken kommen, daß dies der Realität des Mysteriums von Golgatha in einer gewissen Weise widerspricht. Wir wissen, daß durch das Mysterium von Golgatha der Christus in Wahrheit beschlossen hat, sein eigenes Wesen mit dem Wesen der Erde zu verbinden, also eigentlich von dem Mysterium von Golgatha ab mit der Erdenentwickelung in einem fortdauernden Zusammenhang zu bleiben. So könnte man das gewaltige Bild der Himmelfahrt in Widerspruch gesetzt sehen zu demjenigen, was sich aus der esoterischen Anschauung des Mysteriums von Golgatha über die Verbindung des Christus mit dem Erdenwesen und mit der Menschheit ergibt. Wir wollen heute versuchen, über diesen Widerspruch an der Hand wirklicher geistiger Tatsachen einmal hinwegzukommen.

Das zweite Bild, das ich heute vor Ihre Seele rücken möchte, ist dasjenige, wo zehn Tage nach der Himmelfahrt die Jünger versammelt sind und feurige Zungen auf das Haupt eines jeden herniederkommen, so daß sie sich angeregt fühlen, wie das in populärer Ausdrucksform heißt, in den verschiedenen Zungen zu sprechen. In Wirklichkeit heißt das aber, daß sie nunmehr die Möglichkeit hatten, die Geheimnisse von Golgatha jedem menschlichen Herzen, welchem Bekenntnis es auch sonst angehört, beizubringen. Diese zwei Bilder wollen wir heute einmal vor unsere Seele hinstellen und wollen einiges - es kann natürlich nur einiges sein - zu ihrer Charakteristik beitragen.

Wir wissen, daß die Menschheitsentwickelung nicht erst auf der Erde begonnen hat. Wir wissen, daß der Erdenentwickelung vorangegangen ist die Mondenentwickelung, dieser eine Sonnenentwickelung, dieser eine Saturnentwickelung, wie Sie das dargestellt finden in meiner «Geheimwissenschaft im Umriß». Wir wissen, daß der Mensch während der Saturnentwickelung zwar bis zu dem physischen Leib herunter sich entfaltete, daß aber dieser physische Leib dazumal im wesentlichen nur ein Wärmeleib war, das heißt, daß eine Summe von Wärmedifferenzen, Wärmewirkungen, sich um das Seelisch-Geistige, wie es dazumal eben im Sinne der Beschreibungen meiner «Geheimwissenschaft» war, gewissermaßen herumlagerten.

Wir wissen dann, daß während der Sonnenentwickelung der Mensch einen luftförmigen Körper bekommen hat, während der Mondenentwickelung eine Art flüssigen Körper, und den festen, den eigentlich erdigen Körper erst während der Erdenentwickelung sich angeeignet hat.

Nun müssen wir einmal die Erdenentwickelung ins Auge fassen. Wir wissen, daß die Erdenentwickelung in sieben aufeinanderfolgenden Epochen vor sich geht. Die erste Epoche ist gewissermaßen eine Wiederholung der Saturnentwickelung, die zweite eine Wiederholung der Sonnenentwickelung, die dritte Epoche eine Wiederholung der Mondenentwickelung — wir haben sie einmal die lemurische Entwickelung genannt. Mit der vierten Epoche setzt die eigentliche Erdenentwickelung ein. Wir leben jetzt in der fünften Entwickelungsepoche. Ihr werden zwei andere, eine sechste und eine siebente, folgen.

I. Epoche Wiederholung der Saturnentwickelung
II. Epoche Wiederholung der Sonnenentwickelung<
III. Epoche Wiederholung der Mondenentwickelung Lemurische Zeit
IV. Epoche Beginn der eigentlichen Erdenentwickelung Atlantische Zeit
V. Epoche Nachatlantische Zeit
VI. Epoche
VII. Epoche

Die Mitte der Erdenentwickelung liegt nun in der Mitte der atlantischen Epoche, so daß die Erde bereits für unsere Gegenwart die Kulmination, die eigentliche Mitte ihrer Entwickelung, überschritten hat. Sie müssen daraus ersehen, daß die Erde sich bereits in absteigender Entwickelung befindet. Wir haben also in unserer Zeit durchaus damit zu rechnen, daß die Erde in absteigender Entwickelung ist. Ich habe ja öfter darauf aufmerksam gemacht, daß das sogar mit den Ergebnissen der materialistischen Geologie heute durchaus übereinstimmt.

Eduard Sueß macht in seinem Buche «Das Antlitz der Erde» darauf aufmerksam, daß die Schollen der Erde, auf denen wir heute herumtreten, eigentlich einer schon ersterbenden Erde angehören. Die Erde war sozusagen während der atlantischen Epoche in ihrem mittleren Alter. Da war sie voll inneren Lebens und man fand auf der Erde nicht diejenigen Gebilde, die man heute als Gesteine findet, die zerbröckeln, sondern da fand man das Mineralische in dem Irdischen so tätig, wie heute das Mineralische etwa in einem tierischen Organismus tätig ist, wo es ja auch höchstens, wenn der tierische Organismus krank ist, in allerlei Ablagerungen sich ergibt. Wenn man aber den tierischen Organismus gesund hat, so bilden sich als Ablagerungen nur etwa die Knochen. Aber diese haben auch noch ein inneres Leben. Sie haben nicht jenes Erstorbensein, das verstäubt, wie unsere Gebirge, die Felsen unserer Gebirge verstäuben. Dieses Verstäuben der Felsen unserer Gebirge ist eben einfach das Zeugnis für die schon in einem Todesprozeß, in einem Sterbeprozeß befindliche Erde.

Wie gesagt, das ist heute schon eine Erkenntnis der gewöhnlichen materialistischen Geologie. Anthroposophie muß nun zu dem hinzufügen, daß wirklich seit der Mitte der atlantischen Epoche die Erde in einem absteigenden Entwickelungsprozeß ist. Aber zur Erde müssen wir rechnen alles dasjenige, was der Erde angehört, die Pflanzen, die Tiere und vor allen Dingen den physischen Menschen. Der physische Mensch gehört zur Erde. Und indem die Erde in einem absteigenden Prozeß ihrer Entwickelung ist, ist auch der physische Menschenleib durchaus in einem absteigenden Entwickelungsprozeß. Anders ausgedrückt, esoterischer ausgedrückt, bedeutet das folgendes: Seit der Mitte der atlantischen Zeit ist eigentlich alles dasjenige fertig, was sich zuerst veranlagt hat in dem Wärmeleib des Saturn. Der menschliche physische Leib war in der Mitte der atlantischen Zeit fertig. Dann hat er sich schon in einer absteigenden Linie entwickelt.

Als nun die Zeit des Mysteriums von Golgatha herankam, da war im Grunde über die ganze Erde hin im wesentlichen — die Entwickelung geht ja nicht gleichmäßig, es erscheint eine Entwickelungsphase bei einem Volke etwas früher, bei dem andern Volk oder der andern Rasse etwas später -, aber im wesentlichen, im Durchschnitt war um die Zeit, als das Mysterium von Golgatha eintrat, die Entwickelung des physischen Wesens des Menschen so, daß eigentlich für die gesamte Menschheit in Aussicht stand, sich nicht weiter auf der Erde verkörpern zu können, das heißt, diese absteigende Erdenentwickelung nicht weiter mitmachen zu können.

Das war etwas, was man in Eingeweihtenschulen schon durchaus wußte, was man natürlich auch heute wissen kann: daß um die Zeit des Mysteriums von Golgatha der menschliche physische Leib so weit im Verfall war, daß die Menschen, die dazumal verkörpert waren, oder die kurz nachher verkörpert waren, so etwa bis gegen das 4. Jahrhundert hin, vor der Gefahr standen, die Erde wüst und leer zu lassen, in der Zukunft keine Möglichkeit zu finden, herunterzusteigen aus der geistig-seelischen Welt und einen physischen Körper aus physischen Erdenmitteln heraus zu formen. Diese Gefahr war da. Es hätte also der Mensch eigentlich seiner Erdenbestimmung untreu werden müssen. Das Zusammenwirken der ahrimanischen und der luziferischen Mächte hatte es in der Tat so weit gebracht, daß zur Zeit des Mysteriums von Golgatha die Menschheit eigentlich auf der Erde aussterben sollte. Und durch dasjenige, was mit dem Mysterium von Golgatha geschehen ist, wurde, man möchte sagen, die Menschheit von dem Aussterben geheilt. Es wurde dem physischen Leib des Menschen wiederum eine entsprechende Frische beigebracht, so daß die Menschen nun die weitere Erdenentwickelung so durchmachen können, daß sie wiederum herunterkommen können aus geistig-seelischen Welten und die Möglichkeit haben, überhaupt physische Leiber zu bewohnen. Das war die ganz reale Wirkung des Mysteriums von Golgatha.

Ich habe es bereits öfter angedeutet, daß diese Wirkung in solcher Linie liegt, unter anderem einmal in einem Vortragszyklus, der den Titel trägt «Von Jesus zu Christus», der in Karlsruhe gehalten worden ist, und der ja, weil gewisse Wahrheiten, von denen viele Leute wollen, daß sie verhüllt bleiben, einmal aus einem esoterischen Pflichtgefühl heraus ausgesprochen wurden, gerade am meisten angefeindet worden ist. Ja, man kann sagen, von gewissen Seiten her begann überhaupt die Feindschaft gegen Anthroposophie gerade von diesem Zyklus aus. Nun, das war also die reale Wirkung nach der einen Seite hin. Man kann dieselbe Tatsache natürlich auch in mannigfaltiger anderer Weise aussprechen. In jenem Zyklus habe ich sie anders ausgesprochen, aber dasjenige, was ich heute charakterisiere, ist eben, nur von einer etwas andern Seite her erfaßt, dasselbe.

Es war also so, daß durch das Mysterium von Golgatha die Wachstums- und Gedeihenskräfte des physischen Menschen neu angefacht worden sind. Dadurch ist die Möglichkeit herbeigeführt, daß der Mensch in den Schlafzuständen einen Impuls erhält, den er sonst nicht erhalten würde. Die Gesamtentwickelung des Menschen auf der Erde verläuft ja in Wachzuständen und in Schlafzuständen. Im Schlafzustande bleiben physischer Leib und Ätherleib zurück. Das Ich und der astralische Leib machen sich vom Einschlafen bis zum Aufwachen selbständig. Während dieses Selbständigmachens im Schlafe geschieht namentlich die Einwirkung der Christus-Kraft bei denjenigen Menschen, die sich durch den nötigen Seeleninhalt in entsprechender Weise für den Schlafzustand bereithalten. Also die Einwirkung durch die Christus-Kraft geschieht vorzugsweise während des Schlafzustandes.

Nun stellen Sie sich einmal vor, daß in demjenigen Zeitpunkte, der biblisch bildlich angedeutet wird durch das Himmelfahrtsbild, die Jünger so weit hellsichtig geworden sind, daß sie auf dasjenige sehen, was eigentlich Geheimnis der Erdenentwickelung ist. Die Geheimnisse der Erdenentwickelung gehen eigentlich vor dem gewöhnlichen Bewußtsein des Menschen vorbei. Das gewöhnliche Bewußtsein kann gar nicht wissen, ob nicht in irgendeinem Punkte der Menschheitsentwickelung etwas für die Erdenentwickelung höchst Bedeutsames geschieht. Es geschieht auch so manches, nur achtet das gewöhnliche Bewußtsein nicht darauf. Und die Darstellung der Himmelfahrtsszene bedeutet eigentlich, daß die Jünger Christi in diesem Augenblick fähig geworden sind, etwas sehr Bedeutsames zu beobachten, was sozusagen hinter den Kulissen der Erdenentwickelung vor sich geht.

Das, was sie gesehen haben, zeigte ihnen im Bilde diese Aussicht, die für die Menschen gekommen wäre, wenn das Ereignis von Golgatha nicht geschehen wäre. Es stand vor ihnen in geistiger Leibhaftigkeit, was geschehen wäre, wenn das Ereignis von Golgatha nicht dagewesen wäre. Da wäre dieses geschehen: Die Menschenleiber wären so irdisch verfallen geworden, daß die Zukunft der Menschheit gefährdet gewesen wäre. So wären die physischen Menschenleiber geworden. Und das Ätherische, das in dem Menschen ist, diese ätherischen Leiber, die wären ihrer Anziehungskraft gefolgt. Denn der Ätherleib ist eigentlich etwas, was fortwährend nicht nach der Erde strebt, sondern fortwährend hinauf nach der Sonne strebt. Wir sind ja als Menschen so konstituiert, daß unser physischer Leib Erdenschwere hat, unser ätherischer Leib Sonnenleichtigkeit hat. Der ätherische Leib will fortwährend nach der Sonne streben. Wenn nun der physische Menschenleib so geworden wäre, wie er hätte werden müssen ohne das Mysterium von Golgatha, dann wären eben die ätherischen Menschenleiber ihrem Drange gefolgt, nach der Sonne zu streben, und die Menschheit hätte auf der Erde als Erdenmenschheit dadurch natürlich aufgehört. |

Die Sonne ist in dem Sinne, wie das hier öfter charakterisiert worden ist, der Wohnplatz des Christus bis zum Mysterium von Golgatha. Der ätherische Leib des Menschen strebt zu Christus hin, indem er sonnenwärts strebt. Und nun stellen Sie sich das Bild des Himmelfahrtstages vor: Der Christus erhebt sich vor den Seelenaugen seiner Jünger nach oben. Das heißt, es wird den Seelenaugen vorgezaubert, wie das Ätherische des Menschen, das aufwärtsstrebt, sich mit der Kraft, mit dem Impuls des Christus vereinigt, wie also der Mensch zur Zeit des Mysteriums von Golgatha vor der Gefahr stand, seinen ätherischen Leib wolkenwärts, gegen die Sonne hin ziehen zu sehen, wie aber der Christus das, was da sonnenwärts strebt, zusammenhält.

Dieses Bild muß man eben im richtigen Sinne verstehen. Dieses Bild ist eigentlich eine Warnung. Der Christus bleibt schon mit der Erde vereinigt, aber er gehört zu denjenigen Kräften im Menschen, die eigentlich sonnenwärts streben, die eigentlich fort wollen in aller Zukunft von der Erde. Der Christus-Impuls aber hält den Menschen auf der Erde fest.

In diesem Himmelfahrtsbilde erscheint also dasjenige vor dem Seelenauge der Jünger, was hätte werden sollen ohne das Mysterium von Golgatha. Stellen Sie sich vor, das Mysterium von Golgatha wäre nicht geschehen und eine Schar von Menschen wäre so hellsichtig geworden wie die Jünger in diesem Momente. Dann würden sie gesehen haben, wie von gewissen Menschen die Ätherleiber von der Erde weg zur Sonne hingehen, und sie hätten gewußt, diesen Weg nehmen die Ätherleiber. Dasjenige, was am Menschen ätherisch-irdisch ist, das wird zur Sonne entrückt.

Nun hat aber das Mysterium von Golgatha stattgefunden. Der Christus rettet für die Erde dieses Sonnenwärtsziehende. Und in diesem zur Sonne Hinstrebenden, aber von dem Christus Gehaltenen, erscheint gerade diese Tatsache, daß der Christus mit der Menschheit der Erde verbunden bleibt. Aber da liegt eines vor. Der Christus hat durch das Mysterium von Golgatha eigentlich ein kosmisches Ereignis in die Erdenentwickelung hineingestellt. Der Christus kam herunter aus geistigen Höhen, verband sich im Menschen Jesus von Nazareth mit der Menschheit, ging durch das Mysterium von Golgatha, hat seine Entwickelung mit der Erdenentwickelung vereint. Es war eine Tat, die für die ganze Menschheit geschehen ist.

Also fassen Sie das richtig auf: Für die Menschheit war das Mysterium von Golgatha geschehen. Der hellsichtige Blick muß sozusagen immer schauen, wie für die Menschheit die der Erde enteilen wollenden Ätherkräfte des Menschen sich mit dem Christus vereinigen, so daß der Christus sie bei der Erdenentwickelung halten kann. Das gilt für die Menschheit.

Aber bedenken Sie das Folgende. Nehmen wir einmal an, nur ein kleines Häuflein von Menschen hätte sich dazu verstanden, eine Erkenntnis von solchen Tatsachen sich zu erwerben, die mit dem Mysterium von Golgatha zusarnmenhängen, und dann gäbe es einen großen Teil der Menschheit, wie es tatsächlich eigentlich auch in Wirklichkeit der Fall ist, der nicht anerkennt die Bedeutung des Ereignisses von Golgatha. Wir würden also die Erde bevölkert haben mit einer kleinen Anzahl wirklicher Christus-Bekenner und mit einer großen Anzahl von solchen, die das Mysterium von Golgatha seinem Inhalte nach nicht anerkennen. Wie ist es denn mit denen? Wie verhalten sich diese Menschen, die das Mysterium von Golgatha nicht anerkennen, zu diesem Mysterium von Golgatha, oder besser gesagt, wie verhält sich das Mysterium von Golgatha, die Tat Christi, zu diesen Menschen? Nun, die Tat des Christus auf Golgatha ist eine objektive 'Tat, hängt in ihrer kosmischen Bedeutung nicht von dem ab, was die Menschen über sie glauben.

Eine objektive Tatsache ist in sich wesenhaft, so wie sie ist. Wenn ein Ofen warm ist, wird er nicht dadurch kalt, daß eine Anzahl von Leuten glaubt, er sei kalt. Das Mysterium von Golgatha ist eine Rettung der Menschheit vor dem Zerfall des physischen Leibes, gleichgültig, was die Menschen darüber glauben oder nicht glauben. Das Mysterium von Golgatha ist also geschehen für alle Menschen, auch für diejenigen, die nicht daran glauben. Das muß natürlich zunächst festgehalten werden.

Aber Sie haben wohl richtig verstanden: Dieses Mysterium von Golgatha ist ja geschehen, um dem physischen Menschenleib frische Kräfte zuzuführen, um also gewissermaßen die Menschheit der Erde zu erneuern, zu erfrischen bis zu dem Grade, bis zu dem es nötig ist, sie zu verjüngen. Das ist geschehen. Dadurch ist die Möglichkeit herbeigeführt, daß die Menschen auf Erden Leiber finden können, in denen sie sich auch für eine gewisse, noch sehr weitreichende Zukunft inkarnieren können. Aber damit gehen doch die Menschen nur zunächst als geistig-seelisches Wesen durch solche nun verjüngten Erdenleiber durch; sie können immer wieder erscheinen auf Erden. Der Christus-Impuls, der nun auch für das Geistige des Menschen seine Bedeutung haben soll, nicht für das Leibliche allein, er kann sich erstrecken auf den Wachzustand. Aber er könnte sich nicht auf den Schlafzustand erstrecken, wenn die Seele nicht die Erkenntnis dieses Christus-Impulses aufnehmen würde.

Also man möchte sagen: Das Mysterium von Golgatha wäre für die Wachzustände des Menschen geschehen, auch wenn die Menschen die Erkenntnis von diesem Mysterium von Golgatha nicht aufgenommen hätten. Es wäre aber dann nicht geschehen für den Schlafzustand des Menschen. Und dasjenige, was sich daraus hätte ergeben müssen, wäre das Folgende gewesen: Die Menschen würden sich zwar auf Erden immer wiederum inkarniert haben. Sie würden aber so geschlafen haben, daß sie in ihrem Geistig-Seelischen den Zusammenhang mit dem Christus verlieren müßten, wenn sie sich keine Erkenntnis des Mysteriums von Golgatha angeeignet hätten.

Hier haben Sie allerdings den Unterschied zu denjenigen Menschen, die sozusagen nichts wissen wollen von dem Mysterium von Golgatha. Für ihre Leiber, für die Möglichkeit ihres Erdenlebens hat der Christus sein Erdenwerk auf Golgatha getan. Er hat es auch für die ungläubigsten Heiden getan. Für das Geistig-Seelische ist aber notwendig, daß der Christus-Impuls sich auch in den Schlafzuständen in die Seele des Menschen senken kann. Dazu ist notwendig, daß der Mensch wissentlich sich bekennt zu dem Inhalte des Mysteriums von Golgatha. Die richtige geistige Wirkung vom Mysterium von Golgatha kann also nur hervorgehen aus der richtigen Anerkennung des Inhaltes des Mysteriums von Golgatha. Das heißt, das mußte für die Erdenmenschheit eintreten, daß auf der einen Seite erkannt wird: Den enteilenden, den immerfort nach der Sonne sich aufschwingenden Ätherleib hält der Christus; aber des Menschen seelisch-geistiges Wesen, sein Ich und sein astralischer Leib, die müssen den ChristusImpuls empfangen - indem sie sich durch das Bekenntnis dazu vorbereiten während des Wachens - in dem Zustande zwischen dem Einschlafen und Aufwachen.

So können wir sagen: Wir lassen das Himmelfahrtsbild vor unsere Seele treten. Die Jünger, hellsichtig geworden, sehen die Tendenz der ätherischen Leiber der Menschen, sonnenwärts zu steigen. Der Christus vereinigt sich mit diesem Streben, hält es. Das ist das gewaltige Bild: die Rettung des Physisch-Ätherischen des Menschen durch den Christus im Himmelfahrtsbilde.

Aber zu gleicher Zeit: Die Jünger ziehen sich zurück, sie werden nachdenklich, sie werden tief versonnen. Denn in ihrer Seele lebt die Erkenntnis: Durch das Mysterium von Golgatha ist zunächst für das Physisch-Ätherische der Menschheit alles geschehen. Was aber geschieht mit dem Geistig-Seelischen? Woher kommt dem Menschen die Kraft, in das Geistig-Seelische, in das Ich und den astralischen Leib den Christus-Impuls aufzunehmen?

Der Christus-Impuls hat sich durch das Mysterium von Golgatha auf der Erde so vollzogen, daß er nur durch geistige Erkenntniskräfte durchdrungen und erfaßt werden kann. Keine materialistische Erkenntniskraft, keine materialistische Wissenschaft kann das Mysterium von Golgatha verstehen. Da muß die Seele in sich die Kraft geistigen Erkennens, die Kraft geistigen Anschauens, die Kraft geistigen Empfindens aufnehmen, um den Christus-Impuls, wie er sich auf Golgatha mit den Erdenimpulsen vereinigt hat, auch verstehen zu können.

Daß das geschehen kann, dazu vollendete der Christus Jesus seine Tat auf Golgatha. Und er vollendete sie so, daß er zehn Tage nach dem Himmelfahrtsereignis den Menschen die Möglichkeit sandte, nun auch mit dem innerlich Geistig-Seelischen, mit dem Ich und dem astralischen Leibe, sich mit dem Christus-Impulse zu durchdringen. Das ist das Bild vom Pfingstfeste: das Durchdringen des GeistigSeelischen mit der das Mysterium von Golgatha verstehenden Kraft, die Sendung des Heiligen Geistes. Der Christus hat seine Tat für die ganze Menschheit vollbracht. Dem einzelnen, der diese Tat verstehen soll, dem einzelnen menschlichen Individuum hat er den Geist gesandt, so daß das Seelisch-Geistige den Zugang zu der allgemeinen Menschheitstat findet. Durch den Geist muß der Mensch innerlich geistig-seelisch das Christus-Mysterium sich aneignen.

Es stehen die beiden Bilder hintereinander in der Entwickelungsgeschichte der Menschheit so da, daß uns das Himmelfahttsbild sagt: Für den physischen und den ätherischen Leib ist das Ereignis von Golgatha allmenschlich vollzogen. Der einzelne Mensch muß es für sich fruchtbar machen, indem er den Heiligen Geist aufnimmt. Dadurch wird der Christus-Impuls für jeden einzelnen individuell.

Und jetzt können wir noch etwas hinzufügen zu der Charakteristik des Himmelfahrtsbildes. Solche geistige Anschauungen, wie sie die Jünger am Himmelfahrtstage hatten, beziehen sich eigentlich immer auf etwas, was der Mensch schon in dem einen oder andern Bewußtseinszustande erlebt. Nun wissen Sie: Nach dem Tode erlebt der Mensch den Fortgang seines ätherischen Leibes. Er legt mit dem Tode den physischen Leib ab. Einige Tage behält er seinen ätherischen Leib, dann löst sich der ätherische Leib auf; er vereinigt sich wirklich mit der Sonne. Diese Auflösung nach dem Tode ist Vereinigung mit dem Sonnenhaften, das den Raum, in dem sich auch die Erde befindet, durchströmt. In diesem sich vom Menschen entfernenden ätherischen Leibe schaut der Mensch seit dem Mysterium von Golgatha den Christus mit, der sein Retter geworden ist im künftigen Erdendasein; so daß eigentlich seit dem Mysterium von Golgatha jeder Mensch, der da stirbt, jenes Himmelfahrtsbild schon vor seiner Seele hat, das die Jünger durch ihren besonderen Seelenzustand an jenem Tage sahen.

Aber für denjenigen, der auch das Pfingstgeheimnis in sich aufnimmt, der den Heiligen Geist sich nahekommen läßt, für den ist dieses Bild nach dem Tode der größte Trost, den er haben kann, denn er durchschaut nun die ganze Wahrheit des Mysteriums von Golgatha, und das Bild wird für ihn zum Troste. Es sagt ihm gewissermaßen dieses Himmelfahrtsbild: Du kannst vertrauen mit allen deinen folgenden Erdenleben der Erdenentwickelung, denn der Christus ist durch das Mysterium von Golgatha der Retter der Erdenentwickelung geworden.

Für denjenigen, der mit seinem Ich und seinem astralischen Leibe, also erkennend, empfindend nicht durchdringt den Inhalt des Mysteriums von Golgatha, für den ist dieses Bild ein Vorwurf, so lange ein Vorwurf, bis er erkannt hat: auch er muß dieses Mysterium von Golgatha verstehen lernen. Es ist gewissermaßen eine Mahnung nach dem Tode: Versuche für das nächste Erdenleben solche Kräfte dir anzueignen, daß du das Mysterium von Golgatha auch verstehen kannst. Es ist nur natürlich, daß zunächst dieses Bild der Himmelfahrt eine Mahnung ist, denn die Menschen können ja in den folgenden Erdenleben eben versuchen, die Kräfte, an die sie gemahnt worden sind, anzuwenden und sich ein Verständnis des Mysteriums von Golgatha anzueignen.

Aber sehen Sie jetzt, wie der Unterschied ist zwischen denjenigen Menschen, die mit ihren innerlichen Glaubens-, Erkenntnis-, Empfindungskräften sich zu dem Mysterium von Golgatha bekennen, und denen, die sich nicht dazu bekennen. Das Mysterium von Golgatha ist eben nur für den physischen und den Ätherleib für alle Menschen dagewesen. Die Sendung des Geistes, das Pfingstgeheimnis besagt, wie das Seelische und Geistige des Menschen an den Früchten des Mysteriums von Golgatha nur teilhaben können, wenn der Mensch sich aufschwingt zur wirklichen Anerkenntnis des Inhaltes des Mysteriums von Golgatha.

Damit aber ist zugleich gesagt — weil dieser Inhalt des Mysteriums von Golgatha nur begriffen werden kann in geistiger Erkenntnis, nicht in materieller Erkenntnis -, daß das richtige Pfingstfest nur verstanden werden kann, wenn die Menschen verstehen, daß die Aussendung des Geistes die Forderung an die Menschheit ist, sich zur Geist-Erkenntnis allmählich durchzuarbeiten. Denn nur durch GeistErkenntnis kann das Mysterium von Golgatha verstanden werden.

Daß es verstanden werden soll, das ist die Forderung des Pfingstgeheimnisses. Daß es für alle Menschen geschehen ist, das ist die Offenbarung des Himmelfahrtsgeheimnisses. Diese zwei Dinge stehen in der christlich interpretierten Menschheitsentwickelung hintereinander: die Himmelfahrtsoffenbarung, daß der Christus seine Tat als eine allmenschliche vollbracht hat, das Pfingstgeheimnis als eine Forderung an den Menschen, als einzelner den Impuls des Mysteriums von Golgatha in sich aufzunehmen.

So kann man wohl sagen, daß Anthroposophie in bezug auf diese Dinge darin besteht, das rechte Verständnis zu gewinnen für das Pfingstgeheimnis in seinem Anschlusse an die Himmelfahrtsoffenbarung. Und wenn wir empfinden: Anthroposophie steht da wie eine Art erklärender Herold gerade für diese Frühlingsfeste, dann haben wir zu den Farben, die Anthroposophie für uns hat, eben wieder eine, die ihr notwendig ist, hinzugefügt.

Das soll Ihnen etwas von dem sagen, was anthroposophisch eine Stimmung abgeben kann für das richtige Fühlen des Himmelfahrts- und Pfingstfestes. Die Bilder, die mit solchen Festen sich vor die Seele des Menschen hinstellen, sind wie Lebewesen. Wir können immer mehr ihrem Inhalte nahekommen, wir können sie immer besser und besser kennenlernen. Wenn die Menschen sich wieder aufschwingen dazu, das Jahr zu erfüllen mit solchem geistigem Verständnis der Festeszeiten, dann wird dieses Jahr einen konkreten, damit aber einen kosmisch-spirituellen Inhalt bekommen. Und der Mensch wird schon in dem Erdendasein das kosmische Dasein miterleben lernen.

Man möchte sagen: Wenn das Pfingstfest, das vor allen Dingen auch ein Fest der Blumen ist, in der richtigen Weise erfühlt ist, da geht der Mensch überall hinaus, wo die Blumen sprießen, die sich öffnen unter der Einwirkung des Sonnenhaften, sich öffnen unter dem Ätherisch-Astralischen - und der Mensch empfindet in der sich beblumenden Erde das irdische Abbild desjenigen, was sich dann zusammendrängt in dem Himmelfahrtsbilde des Christus, in dem sich anschließenden Bilde der feurigen Zungen über den Häuptern der Jünger. Die sich öffnende Menschenbrust mag auch symbolisiert sein in der sich der Sonne öffnenden Blume. Und dasjenige, was von der Sonne herunterkommt, um der Blume die nötige Fruchtkraft zu geben, das mag symbolisieren die feurigen Zungen, die sich niedergießen über die Häupter der Jünger.

Mit dieser Kraft, die wiederum herrühren kann von dem Verständnis von Festestagen, der richtigen Betrachtung jeder Festeszeit, kann gerade Anthroposophie auf Menschenherzen wirken, kann beitragen zu jener Stimmung, die vielleicht die richtige Stimmung in diesen Tagen der Frühlingsfeste sein dürfte.

The Ascension Revelation and the Mystery of Pentecost

The development of humanity on Earth has presented humanity with powerful images from various religious systems, images that require a kind of esoteric knowledge to be fully understood. Over the years, we have interpreted all four Gospels in this way on an anthroposophical basis, applying anthroposophical esoteric knowledge to bring the deeper content of the Gospels to light. As a rule, what is meant here is represented in images, which are images precisely because they cannot be communicated in such a narrowly rationalistic way as concepts and ideas.

With concepts and ideas, people believe that once they have grasped the concept, they have understood everything there is to know. With images and imagination, it is not possible to hold such a view. Images and imagination have a living effect. One might say that they are as alive as a living being, such as a human being. One may have come to know it from this or that side, but one will always discover new sides again and again. And one will not be satisfied with all kinds of definitions that are supposed to encompass the matter, but will want to rise to characteristics that strive to approach the image from different sides and bring the image more and more to human understanding.

Now I would like to present two images to your soul that you know well as images, and characterize a few things about them. One image is that which depicts the disciples of Christ Jesus on the day of the Ascension, looking up and seeing Christ floating away in the clouds. The image is usually interpreted as meaning that Christ has ascended to heaven, has left the earth, and that the disciples are, in a sense, left to their own devices, just as the whole of humanity, for whom Christ went through the Mystery of Golgotha, finds itself left to its own devices after his ascension.

You may easily come to the conclusion that this contradicts the reality of the Mystery of Golgotha in a certain way. We know that through the Mystery of Golgotha, Christ truly decided to connect his own being with the being of the earth, that is, to remain in a continuing connection with the earth's evolution from the Mystery of Golgotha onwards. Thus, one might see the powerful image of the Ascension as contradicting what emerges from the esoteric view of the Mystery of Golgotha concerning Christ's connection with the Earth and with humanity. Today we will try to overcome this contradiction by means of actual spiritual facts.

The second image I would like to present to your soul today is that in which, ten days after the Ascension, the disciples are gathered together and tongues of fire descend upon each of their heads, so that they feel inspired, as it is popularly expressed, to speak in different tongues. In reality, however, this means that they now had the opportunity to teach the secrets of Golgotha to every human heart, whatever its confession. Let us place these two images before our minds today and contribute something—it can only be something, of course—to their characterization.

We know that human evolution did not begin on Earth. We know that the evolution of the Earth was preceded by the evolution of the Moon, then the evolution of the Sun, then the evolution of Saturn, as you will find described in my book “The Secret Science in Outline.” We know that during the Saturn evolution, the human being developed down to the physical body, but that this physical body was then essentially only a heat body, that is, a sum of heat differences, heat effects, which, in accordance with the descriptions in my “Secret Science,” .

We then know that during the solar evolution, human beings acquired an airy body, during the lunar evolution a kind of liquid body, and only during the earth evolution did they acquire the solid, actually earthy body.

Now we must consider the development of the earth. We know that the development of the earth takes place in seven successive epochs. The first epoch is, in a sense, a repetition of the Saturn development, the second a repetition of the Sun development, the third epoch a repetition of the Moon development — we have called this the Lemurian development. The fourth epoch marks the beginning of the actual development of the Earth. We are now living in the fifth epoch of development. It will be followed by two others, a sixth and a seventh.

I. Epoch Repetition of the Saturn development
II. Epoch Repetition of the Sun development<
III. Epoch Repetition of the lunar evolution Lemurian epoch
IV. Epoch Beginning of the actual evolution of the Earth Atlantean epoch
V. Epoch Post-Atlantean epoch
VI. Epoch
VII. Epoch

The middle of Earth's development now lies in the middle of the Atlantean epoch, so that the Earth has already passed the culmination, the actual middle of its development, as we see it today. You must realize from this that the Earth is already in a downward phase of development. We must therefore fully expect that the Earth is in a downward phase of development in our time. I have often pointed out that this is entirely consistent with the findings of materialistic geology today.

In his book “The Face of the Earth,” Eduard Sueß points out that the clods of earth on which we tread today actually belong to a dying earth. During the Atlantean epoch, the earth was, so to speak, in its middle age. It was full of inner life, and one did not find on the earth those formations that one finds today as rocks that crumble, but one found the mineral in the earth as active as the mineral is today in an animal organism, where it also occurs in all kinds of deposits, at most when the animal organism is sick. But when the animal organism is healthy, the only deposits that form are bones. But these also have an inner life. They do not have that initial death that turns to dust, like our mountains, the rocks of our mountains turn to dust. This dusting of the rocks of our mountains is simply evidence of the Earth already being in a process of death, in a dying process.

As I said, this is already a finding of ordinary materialistic geology today. Anthroposophy must now add that since the middle of the Atlantean epoch, the earth has indeed been in a descending process of development. But we must include in the earth everything that belongs to the earth: plants, animals, and above all, physical human beings. The physical human being belongs to the earth. And since the earth is in a descending process of development, the physical human body is also in a descending process of development. Expressed differently, more esoterically, this means the following: since the middle of the Atlantean epoch, everything that was first laid down in the warmth body of Saturn is actually complete. The human physical body was complete in the middle of the Atlantean epoch. Then it began to develop in a descending line.

When the time of the Mystery of Golgotha approached, there was essentially the following situation throughout the whole earth — development does not proceed uniformly; a phase of development appears somewhat earlier in one people, in another people or race a little later — but essentially, on average, at the time when the Mystery of Golgotha occurred, the development of the physical being of the human being was such that the entire human race was actually facing the prospect of no longer being able to incarnate on Earth, that is, of no longer being able to participate in this descending Earth evolution.

This was something that was already well known in schools for the initiated, and which of course can also be known today: that around the time of the Mystery of Golgotha, the human physical body had deteriorated to such an extent that the people who were incarnated at that time, or who were incarnated shortly afterwards, until about the 4th century, were in danger of leaving the earth desolate and empty, finding no possibility in the future of descending from the spiritual-soul world and forming a physical body out of physical earthly elements. This danger was real. Human beings would actually have had to become unfaithful to their earthly destiny. The interaction of the Ahrimanic and Luciferic forces had indeed brought things to such a point that, at the time of the Mystery of Golgotha, humanity was actually supposed to die out on Earth. And through what happened with the Mystery of Golgotha, humanity was, one might say, healed of extinction. The physical body of the human being was given a corresponding freshness so that human beings can now go through the further development of the earth in such a way that they can come down again from the spiritual-soul worlds and have the possibility of inhabiting physical bodies at all. That was the very real effect of the mystery of Golgotha.

I have already indicated several times that this effect lies in this line, among other places in a lecture cycle entitled “From Jesus to Christ,” which was given in Karlsruhe and which, precisely because certain truths that many people want to keep hidden were spoken out of a sense of esoteric duty, was most strongly opposed. Yes, one can say that from certain quarters, the hostility toward anthroposophy began precisely with this lecture series. Well, that was the real effect on the one hand. One can of course express the same fact in many other ways. In that cycle I expressed it differently, but what I am characterizing today is the same thing, only seen from a slightly different angle.

So it was that through the Mystery of Golgotha, the forces of growth and development in the physical human being were rekindled. This brought about the possibility that human beings would receive an impulse in their states of sleep that they would not otherwise receive. The entire development of human beings on earth takes place in states of wakefulness and sleep. In the state of sleep, the physical body and the etheric body remain behind. The ego and the astral body become independent from the moment of falling asleep until the moment of waking up. During this process of becoming independent in sleep, the influence of the Christ force occurs in those people who, through the necessary soul content, are prepared in the appropriate way for the state of sleep. Thus, the influence of the Christ force occurs primarily during the state of sleep.

Now imagine that at the moment symbolically depicted in the Bible as the Ascension, the disciples had become so clairvoyant that they could see what is actually the mystery of Earth's development. The secrets of the earth's development actually pass by the ordinary consciousness of human beings. The ordinary consciousness cannot possibly know whether something of the utmost significance for the earth's development is happening at some point in human evolution. Many things happen, but the ordinary consciousness does not pay attention to them. And the depiction of the Ascension scene actually means that at that moment the disciples of Christ became capable of observing something very significant that is happening, so to speak, behind the scenes of the Earth's development.

What they saw showed them in image the prospect that would have been open to human beings if the event of Golgotha had not taken place. What would have happened if the event of Golgotha had not taken place stood before them in spiritual corporeality. This is what would have happened: human bodies would have become so earthly that the future of humanity would have been endangered. This is what physical human bodies would have become. And the etheric, which is in human beings, these etheric bodies, would have followed their gravitational pull. For the etheric body is actually something that does not continually strive toward the earth, but continually strives upward toward the sun. We are constituted as human beings in such a way that our physical body has earth's heaviness, while our etheric body has the lightness of the sun. The etheric body wants to strive continually toward the sun. If the physical human body had become what it should have become without the mystery of Golgotha, then the etheric human bodies would have followed their urge to strive toward the sun, and humanity would naturally have ceased to exist on Earth as an earthly humanity. |

The sun, in the sense that has been characterized here several times, is the dwelling place of Christ until the mystery of Golgotha. The etheric body of the human being strives toward Christ by striving toward the sun. And now imagine the image of Ascension Day: Christ rises upward before the soul eyes of his disciples. That is, it is conjured up before the soul's eyes how the etheric part of the human being, which strives upward, unites with the power, with the impulse of Christ, how at the time of the mystery of Golgotha, the human being stood in danger of seeing his etheric body drawn toward the clouds, toward the sun, but how Christ holds together that which strives toward the sun.

This image must be understood in the right sense. This image is actually a warning. Christ remains united with the earth, but he belongs to those forces in human beings that actually strive toward the sun, that actually want to leave the earth in the future. The Christ impulse, however, holds human beings on the earth.

In this image of the Ascension, therefore, what appears before the soul's eye of the disciples is what would have happened without the Mystery of Golgotha. Imagine that the Mystery of Golgotha had not happened and a crowd of people had become as clairvoyant as the disciples at that moment. Then they would have seen certain people's etheric bodies leaving the earth and going toward the sun, and they would have known that this was the path the etheric bodies were taking. That which is etheric and earthly in human beings is being carried away to the sun.

But now the mystery of Golgotha has taken place. Christ saves for the earth that which is drawn toward the sun. And in this striving toward the sun, but held by Christ, appears precisely the fact that Christ remains connected with the humanity of the earth. But there is one thing that must be understood. Through the Mystery of Golgotha, Christ actually brought a cosmic event into the evolution of the earth. Christ came down from spiritual heights, united Himself with humanity in the man Jesus of Nazareth, went through the Mystery of Golgotha, and united His own evolution with the evolution of the earth. It was an act that was done for the whole of humanity.

So understand this correctly: the mystery of Golgotha happened for humanity. The clairvoyant gaze must always see, as it were, how the etheric forces of human beings, which are fleeing from the earth, unite with Christ so that Christ can hold them in the evolution of the earth. This applies to humanity.

But consider the following. Let us suppose that only a small group of people had understood how to gain knowledge of such facts connected with the mystery of Golgotha, and then there would be a large part of humanity, as is actually the case in reality, that does not recognize the significance of the event of Golgotha. We would then have populated the earth with a small number of true followers of Christ and a large number of people who do not recognize the content of the mystery of Golgotha. What about them? How do these people who do not recognize the mystery of Golgotha behave toward this mystery of Golgotha, or rather, how does the mystery of Golgotha, the deed of Christ, behave toward these people? Well, the deed of Christ on Golgotha is an objective deed; in its cosmic significance, it does not depend on what people believe about it.

An objective fact is essential in itself, just as it is. If a stove is warm, it does not become cold because a number of people believe it is cold. The mystery of Golgotha is a salvation of humanity from the decay of the physical body, regardless of what people believe or do not believe about it. The mystery of Golgotha therefore happened for all people, even for those who do not believe in it. This must of course be stated first.

But you have understood correctly: this mystery of Golgotha happened in order to supply the physical human body with fresh forces, in order, so to speak, to renew and refresh humanity on earth to the degree necessary to rejuvenate it. That has happened. This has made it possible for people on Earth to find bodies in which they can incarnate for a certain, still very distant future. But this means that people initially pass through such rejuvenated earthly bodies as spiritual-soul beings; they can appear on Earth again and again. The Christ impulse, which is now also to have significance for the spiritual aspect of human beings, not just for the physical, can extend to the waking state. But it could not extend to the sleeping state if the soul did not take in the knowledge of this Christ impulse.

So one might say: The mystery of Golgotha would have happened for the waking states of human beings even if human beings had not taken in the knowledge of this mystery of Golgotha. But then it would not have happened for the sleeping state of human beings. And what would have resulted from this would have been the following: People would have continued to incarnate on earth. But they would have slept in such a way that they would have lost their connection with Christ in their spiritual-soul life if they had not acquired knowledge of the mystery of Golgotha.

Here, however, you have the difference between those people who, so to speak, want to know nothing about the mystery of Golgotha. Christ accomplished his work on Golgotha for their bodies, for the possibility of their earthly life. He did it even for the most unbelieving pagans. For the spiritual-soul life, however, it is necessary that the Christ impulse can also descend into the soul of the human being during the states of sleep. For this to happen, it is necessary for human beings to consciously acknowledge the content of the mystery of Golgotha. The true spiritual effect of the mystery of Golgotha can therefore only arise from the correct recognition of the content of the mystery of Golgotha. This means that it was necessary for humanity on earth to recognize, on the one hand, that The etheric body, which is fleeing and constantly rising toward the sun, is held by Christ; but the soul-spiritual being of the human being, his I and his astral body, must receive the Christ impulse—by preparing themselves for it through confession during waking life—in the state between falling asleep and waking up.

So we can say: We let the image of the Ascension appear before our soul. The disciples, having become clairvoyant, see the tendency of the etheric bodies of human beings to rise toward the sun. Christ unites himself with this striving and holds it. This is the powerful image: the salvation of the physical-etheric of human beings through Christ in the image of the Ascension.

But at the same time, the disciples withdraw, they become thoughtful, they become deeply contemplative. For in their souls lives the knowledge that through the Mystery of Golgotha, everything has been accomplished for the physical-etheric of humanity. But what happens to the spiritual-soul life? Where does the human being get the strength to take in the Christ impulse into the spiritual-soul life, into the I and the astral body?

The Christ impulse has been accomplished on earth through the mystery of Golgotha in such a way that it can only be penetrated and grasped through spiritual powers of knowledge. No materialistic power of knowledge, no materialistic science can understand the mystery of Golgotha. The soul must take into itself the power of spiritual knowledge, the power of spiritual perception, the power of spiritual feeling in order to be able to understand the Christ impulse as it united with the earthly impulses at Golgotha.

In order for this to happen, Christ Jesus completed his work on Golgotha. And he completed it in such a way that ten days after his ascension, he sent human beings the opportunity to now also permeate themselves with the Christ impulse through their inner spiritual-soul life, through their ego and their astral body. This is the image of the Feast of Pentecost: the permeation of the spiritual-soul with the power that understands the mystery of Golgotha, the sending of the Holy Spirit. Christ accomplished his deed for all humanity. To the individual who is to understand this deed, to the individual human being, he sent the Spirit so that the spiritual-soul might find access to the universal deed of humanity. Through the Spirit, human beings must inwardly, spiritually, and soulfully appropriate the Christ Mystery.

These two images stand one behind the other in the history of human development in such a way that the image of the Ascension tells us: For the physical and etheric bodies, the event of Golgotha has been accomplished for all humanity. The individual human being must make it fruitful for himself by receiving the Holy Spirit. In this way, the Christ impulse becomes individual for each individual.

And now we can add something else to the characterization of the Ascension image. Such spiritual perceptions as the disciples had on Ascension Day always refer to something that human beings have already experienced in one state of consciousness or another. Now you know that after death, human beings experience the departure of their etheric body. With death, they lay down their physical body. They retain their etheric body for a few days, then it dissolves; it truly unites with the sun. This dissolution after death is union with the solar element that permeates the space in which the earth also exists. In this etheric body, which is moving away from the human being, since the Mystery of Golgotha, the human being sees Christ, who has become his Savior in the future earthly existence; so that, since the Mystery of Golgotha, every human being who dies already has before his soul the image of the Ascension that the disciples saw through their special soul state on that day.

But for those who also take in the mystery of Pentecost, who allow the Holy Spirit to come close to them, this image is the greatest comfort they can have after death, for they now see through the whole truth of the mystery of Golgotha, and the image becomes a comfort to them. This image of the Ascension tells them, as it were: You can trust with all your future earthly lives in the evolution of the earth, for through the mystery of Golgotha, Christ has become the savior of the earth's evolution.

For those who, with their ego and astral body, that is, with their cognitive and sentient faculties, do not penetrate the content of the mystery of Golgotha, this image is a reproach, and it will remain a reproach until they have recognized that they too must learn to understand this mystery of Golgotha. It is, in a sense, a warning after death: try to acquire such powers for your next earthly life that you may also understand the mystery of Golgotha. It is only natural that this image of the Ascension is initially a warning, for in their subsequent earthly lives, human beings can try to apply the powers they have been warned about and acquire an understanding of the mystery of Golgotha.

But now see the difference between those people who, with their inner powers of faith, knowledge, and feeling, profess their belief in the mystery of Golgotha, and those who do not. The mystery of Golgotha was only there for the physical and etheric bodies of all human beings. The mission of the Spirit, the mystery of Pentecost, tells us that the soul and spirit of human beings can only participate in the fruits of the mystery of Golgotha if human beings rise to a true recognition of the content of the mystery of Golgotha.

But this also means that because the content of the mystery of Golgotha can only be understood through spiritual knowledge, not through material knowledge, the true meaning of Pentecost can only be understood when people realize that the sending of the Spirit is a call to humanity to gradually work its way toward spiritual knowledge. For only through spiritual knowledge can the mystery of Golgotha be understood.

That it should be understood is the demand of the mystery of Pentecost. That it happened for all human beings is the revelation of the mystery of the Ascension. These two things stand one after the other in the Christian interpretation of human evolution: the revelation of the Ascension, that Christ accomplished his deed as a universal human deed, and the mystery of Pentecost as a demand upon human beings to take up within themselves, as individuals, the impulse of the mystery of Golgotha.

So we can say that anthroposophy, in relation to these things, consists in gaining the right understanding of the mystery of Pentecost in its connection with the revelation of the Ascension. And when we feel that Anthroposophy stands there like a kind of explanatory herald for these spring festivals, then we have added to the colors that anthroposophy has for us another that is necessary for it.

This is meant to tell you something of what anthroposophy can convey in terms of mood for the right feeling of the Ascension and Pentecost festivals. The images that arise in the human soul during such festivals are like living beings. We can come closer and closer to their content; we can get to know them better and better. When people once again rise to the task of filling the year with such a spiritual understanding of the festival seasons, then this year will take on a concrete, but also a cosmic-spiritual content. And human beings will learn to experience cosmic existence even during their earthly existence.

One might say that when Pentecost, which is above all a festival of flowers, is experienced in the right way, human beings go out everywhere where flowers are sprouting, which open under the influence of the sun, open under the etheric-astral — and human beings will sense in the flower-covered earth the earthly image of that which then gathers together in the image of Christ's ascension, in the subsequent image of the fiery tongues above the heads of the disciples. The opening human breast may also be symbolized in the flower opening itself to the sun. And that which comes down from the sun to give the flower the necessary fruitfulness may symbolize the fiery tongues pouring down over the heads of the disciples.

With this power, which in turn can come from understanding the significance of feast days and the correct contemplation of each festive season, anthroposophy can have an effect on human hearts and contribute to the mood that is perhaps the right mood for these days of spring festivals.