Community Life, Inner Development, Sexuality and the Spiritual Teacher
GA 253
21 August 1915, Dornach
The Goesch-Sprengel Situation I
My address this evening represents a break in our current series; its subject is quite different from yesterday's.1Lecture of August 20, 1915, Dornach, entitled “Episodische Betrachtungen fiber Raum, Zeit, Bewegung” (“Some Observations on Space, Time, and Movement”), in Der Wert des Denkens far eine den Menschen befriedigende Weltanschauung. Das Verhältnis der Geisteswissenschaft zur Naturwissenschaft (“Thinking's Value for a Humanly Satisfying World View: The Relationship of Spiritual Science to Natural Science”), GA 164, (Dornach, Switzerland: Rudolf Steiner Verlag, 1984). [This lecture has not been published in English—Translator.] This morning I received a letter, and I feel compelled, even obligated, to bring it to the attention of each individual member of the Anthroposophical Society. I will explain my reasons after I read you the letter.
Letter from Heinrich and Gertrud Goesch to Rudolf Steiner
19 August 1915, Dornach
Dear Dr. Steiner:
Alongside the work dedicated to the good within your activity in our spiritual movement, I have noticed certain behaviors that serve evil purposes. On the good side, I am grateful for the esoteric knowledge and teachings you have imparted to us, for the mystery dramas you have given us, for the introduction of eurythmy, and for the art of the Johannesbau. In these contexts, I continue to recognize you as an envoy of the great white lodge and am filled with profound gratitude to you and to anything you do that is devoted to the good.
However, I perceive the way you cultivate relationships between yourself and other members of our spiritual movement as serving evil purposes, and I see this behavior as gravely endangering our movement. The relationships you create between yourself and other members turn the others into merely parts of yourself rather than independent spiritual entities alongside you. You only appear to act as a human being among equals. In actuality, you scorn any truly human connection and presume to intervene in the lives of others in a way that belongs only to the gods and not to any modern human being.
In this way, you create an anti-Christian relationship between yourself and the other members of our spiritual movement. These people have readied themselves to meet great spiritual teachings in our time, but you are making them poorer than the poorest materialists out there, who in spite of their distorted Christianity that has turned into its exact opposite are still able to develop a strong I. If it goes on like this, however, your followers will eventually fall prey to black magic as a result of the constant weakening of their I through how you behave toward them.
There have already been instances of highly respected members substituting a reliance on your word for reliance on the truth; they cut off any criticism of any part of your work, objecting that your critics would be placing themselves above you. They feel that putting oneself above you is such an act of wanton temerity as to be out of the question, and that with their objection the issue is resolved once and for all. The members are not to blame for erroneous ideas like this—you are. In your concern to promulgate ever more of your teachings, you have neglected to cultivate the attitude among your pupils that as Christians, individuals must put themselves not only below any other person, but also above any other; not only are the least of our fellow human beings of irreplaceable value to us in their most profound depths of being, but also the least of us carry responsibility for the most advanced and must oppose their errors. Your own teachings have strengthened me in this conviction. In real life, however, you apply a number of means that work counter to this Christian ideal of human community.
I will now discuss two of these means in detail so that the thrust of my contentions becomes clearer.
It is a fact that you have developed the habit of making promises and not keeping them. No one will maintain that you do not have a sufficiently clear view of the future, or that you are too weak to carry out your original intentions, either of which would constitute a certain justification for failing to keep promises. No, this is a case of deliberately causing disappointment. Since the promises were unsolicited and made at your own initiative, it is also a case of deliberate intervention into someone else's life in order do something that is by rights reserved for destiny. A disappointment that comes to us through karma has a direct and beneficial effect on our development. In contrast, a disappointment deliberately arranged for us by another person is at the very least a heavy blow, and if our confidence in the person delivering the blow is not shaken, it also constitutes a weakening of our I. The difference is the same as the difference between meeting an accidental death in a burning building and death by burning at the stake, premeditated by others.
Because of their trust in you, recipients of such a promise who are waiting for it to be kept get into a state of tension and uncertainty; meanwhile you are able to calmly survey their gradually increasing disappointment. Once the people in question have realized that the promise is not going to be kept, they will not take your word seriously in the future and thus will distance themselves from you, at least to some extent. However, since on the whole they continue to put their trust in you, they will lose all standards for the sanctity of giving one's word, and may perhaps begin to act as you do. As a result, they are dependent on you in a humanly unworthy fashion and will try to affect others in the same way you do.
Alternatively, people may respond in one of the three following ways: First, because of the confidence they have in you, they may assume that there must be a deep occult meaning behind the way you act. They will conclude that there can be profound occult reasons that permit or even obligate someone to make promises without intending to keep them. Occasionally we even meet people whose emotions are so confused that they admire that kind of behavior and take it as a sign of something superhuman. It is evident, however, that nothing in this world can authorize a modern human being to make promises without intending to keep them. Causing disappointment is something reserved for the gods who direct our karma.
This sort of conceptual confusion is all the more dangerous for a student of esotericism because modern spiritual science appeals to our healthy capacity for discernment, which is undermined by things like this. In a most unfortunate fashion, your word displaces the truth; the thought “I must not place myself above him” displaces the realization that you have done something evil. The human dignity of these people crumbles away bit by bit, and they turn into spiritually dependent tools in your hands.
The second possibility for those whose trust has been betrayed is that in order to be able to maintain their confidence in you, the people in question never let themselves become fully conscious of the fact that you never had any intention of keeping the promises you made to them. As a way out, they take your not keeping promises as a new revelation of a being they do not experience as really human and cannot hold responsible as they would a human being. This point of view is in fact already represented within the Society and is leading to your becoming ever more shadowlike as a human being.
The third and final possibility is that some people will choose the radical way out, forgetting the fact that a promise of some kind was ever made. This, too, robs people of a bit of their I. As a result, your coworkers in our spiritual movement will be shadows whose I is weakened, rather than independent individuals. You yourself, however, are the one to blame for all this.
A second example of the evil nature of your behavior is your refusal to accept any criticism of people working in our movement. On occasion, you have implied that any such criticism stems from negative emotions. This is a false assumption. I am not talking about malicious or destructive criticism. Many of our members, out of their sincere sense of responsibility, are capable of constructive criticism, and that is what I am talking about. The only possible reason for avoiding such criticism would be knowing that people in positions of responsibility are unfit for their jobs. In our modern age, people are meant to come together out of their own free will and freely create the kind of hierarchy and order necessary for us to accomplish what we have to do, and a certain amount of constructive mutual criticism is our only guarantee of success. In fact, the only way a true, natural, and appropriate hierarchical order can come about nowadays is if this kind of criticism is allowed to work.
If people who have been criticized do not choose to take action on justified accusations—and in fact they are morally obliged to actively seek criticism—they must give up their positions in the hierarchy so that the truth can triumph. Their superiors should not protect people like that by acting as if everything were going fine. This is what our modern age requires. However, if at any level in the hierarchical order mistakes are not criticized but tolerated and allowed to persist, we are only creating a false hierarchy that is based, not on real human capabilities and relationships, but on fiction—a fiction that is maintained only through further wrongdoing. Once again, the result is a lack of humanity and Christianity in our relationships in general, and once again you are to blame. In the organization of our Society as it has gradually developed under your guidance, the strengths of the members are usurped to the advantage of yourself and perhaps of certain other people prominent in this false hierarchy. Meanwhile, the Society's affairs are being mismanaged.
Personal oversensitivity on the part of those being criticized is something that needs to be eliminated; you might give a lecture about this sometime. As a general rule, especially if it comes at the right moment, criticism can take a stimulating and gratifying form and be free of any personal bitterness, so that its thorns are removed and the recipient can be glad to receive help in resolving the issue. The nervousness and animosity so prevalent among the critics spring in part from the justified feeling that even the most objective criticism will not be heeded, but will be looked at askance and disregarded. A truly superior person has no reason to fear criticism; true superiority can stand the test of even the most pointed criticism. In the event that people attempt to offer criticism out of a sense of responsibility but are not really able to grasp the facts of the case, those people can usually be made to see their misunderstanding sooner or later without any undue waste of time.
At the moment, I am not talking about a case like this one, where the criticism has already developed into a well-founded rejection of an entire self-contained system confronting me. In this case, no amount of postponement would make any difference. If in a specific instance, however, a person I myself recognize as superior—not simply someone who, for some unknown reason, is my superior in a false hierarchy—points out that I do not yet fully understand the case in question, I will gladly defer my criticism until the case can be considered closed. Under your influence, however, the principle at work in our spiritual movement is that any such criticism should be withheld indefinitely—until the facts of the case have been forgotten. And this principle applies not only to certain specific cases, but to all such instances. This is not only wrong and harmful to everyone, it also undermines our discernment, on which so much depends.
Once again, I have to point out the inherent contradiction between spiritual science's appeal to people's healthy power of judgment and the fact that in most instances in our movement, this power of judgment must be subordinated to incomprehensible reasons for measures being taken. You must admit, however, that at this point in time, two thousand years after Christ, people possess certain standards that all individuals can apply and must also allow to be applied to themselves, if they are not to be utterly lost. There are certainly a sufficient number of closed cases that really are subject to our judgment. The mere fact that a person feels compelled to think about a particular case usually suggests that he or she is capable of achieving some clarity in the matter, though not necessarily without help.
As things stand at the moment, our members are constantly expending a considerable portion of their spiritual energy on the useless task of seeking out hidden wisdom-filled motives for the evil behavior of yourself and your highest colleagues, while you stand by, calmly observing this waste of effort. Or, in order not to lose faith in you, these people have to decide to repress these truth-seeking forces in themselves and thus fall prey to partial stupefaction. What happens with these forces then? What a horrible thought to pursue! In any case, you represent a great focal point of forces of which individuals are merely the instruments, to be used as you choose for incomprehensible ends. There is no question in our movement of real interaction taking place between complete human beings, interaction in which each one is allowed to contribute his or her best. You are not a friend to all the members; your whole attitude rejects lively friendly relationships. In truth, for many people, you are the greatest enemy they have ever encountered.
All these things I have described are not only objectively evil, they also directly contradict the teachings you promulgate. It is from you that I learned the reasons that lead me to reject the way you act. As time goes on, you give an ever stronger impression of acting on your connection to the Christ impulse only in your lectures; outside the lectures, you embrace impulses that are quite the opposite. In parts, it already seems to me as if your teaching has been somewhat influenced by what you practice in real life—not the content of your teachings, but their formal structure. In their structure, certain sentences make promises that are then not kept and can only serve the purpose of subjecting the reader to fruitless thought and work. (See “Gedanken wahrend der Zeit des Krieges.”)2Rudolf Steiner, “Gedanken wahrend der Zeit des Krieges” (“Thoughts during the Time of War”), essay of July 5, 1915, in Aufsätze über die Dreigliederung des sozialen Organismus und zur Zeitlage: Schriften und Aufsätze 1915–1921 (“On the Threefolding of the Social Organism and on the Current Situation: Essays and Articles 1915–1921”), GA 24, (Dornach, Switzerland: Rudolf Steiner Verlag, 1982). [Not available in English—Translator.] If people try to explain this by saying that you, like any other human being, may have changed your mind over the course of time, you reject this as irksome criticism (Preface to Riddles of Philosophy, last paragraph).3Rudolf Steiner, The Riddles of Philosophy, GA 18, (Spring Valley, NY: Anthroposophic Press, 1973). Both these passages, by the way, clearly show a change in style verging on the incomprehensible.
The kind of interpersonal attitude you create not only contradicts your teachings; your behavior also contradicts what you yourself demand of spiritual teachers in the modern age. Such teachers should appeal only to people's consciousness. Their self-chosen obligation toward their students is to never exercise any magical influence on the students' subconscious that the latter have not consented to or cannot control. You, however, are doing this incessantly through the behavior I described and through other occult means. For you, every handshake, every friendly conversation becomes a means of cultivating these false relationships. The bliss that fills the members after meeting with you is not the bliss of the communion of saints, but a merely Luciferic-Ahrimanic one. You, not the members themselves, are to blame for this. You even try to use these handshakes and friendly conversations to pull members back into the fold against their will once they have recognized the falsity of the relationships you try to create. I have perceived with certainty that you exercise undue influence on your followers in this way.
In the modern age, when any uncontrollable influence on the subconscious of others must be avoided, it is not enough to simply give lectures or introduce new spirituality. In addition, the life you lead together with the other members of our movement must be governed by Christian impulses; your relationships with your followers must become like those of Benedictus, so beautifully portrayed in your fourth mystery drama. In fact, now that we have received so much in the way of teachings, developing such relationships is the much more urgent obligation.
When I ask myself how it can possibly be that you whose task it was to proclaim these teachings can act in ways directly counter to them, I can conceive of two possible answers. On the one hand, I can guess at the reasons why the great white lodge might have had to choose a person who is not yet completely Christianized for this task, and in your capacity as teacher I still accept you as the envoy of the lodge. On the other hand, it seems to me that your most profound motivation is by no means actively evil, although what I have had to say might be erroneously interpreted to imply that. No, it is simply a too one-sided interest in renewing these teachings in a way appropriate to our times, and above all a fear of real life. By avoiding and obstructing real life and by creating substitutes for it, however, you allow an evil force to develop. In this, I see the greatest danger to our spiritual movement and to yourself.
Fully Christian occultists can never rest content with simply passing on teachings; they must also enter into a life partnership with their students. True relationships from person to person in the Christian sense require each one of us to be an open book to all others to the extent their individual strength permits. All people should give themselves completely to their fellows to whatever extent the latter can receive them. This should be the basis of any modern hierarchy. Those higher up in the hierarchy must turn to those beneath them with whatever they have to give. What you practice, however, is anti-Christian and just the opposite. Whenever possible you arrange things so that intentions are kept in the dark and events are treated as if they had not happened. It is not enough to confess that like anyone else, you too can have a weak moment. Whenever we meet any other person (a person who in the Christian sense is just as necessary as ourselves), we do so as people who are imperfect in some way and still need to learn. This fact must not only be admitted, it must be constantly confirmed in our actions as human beings. It is truly necessary to seek out this interaction with our fellows, no matter how much an occultist of the old school may dread it. It is not enough to simply protest against blind admiration; we must also seek out objective criticism.
In communities of this sort, spiritual teachers must renounce all the help available to them in pre-Christian times for making students receptive to their teachings. Above all, they must renounce the unapproachable authority of the teacher filled with divine wisdom, who taught students in whom the I had not yet been born. They must also do without the complete isolation of teachers and pupils from all human relationships. The problem I am pointing out here did not exist for pre-Christian initiators. The individual I had not yet been born, and the divine being working through the teachers had the authority to intervene in the destiny of the students in ways otherwise reserved for karma. But as Christians, we must see modern initiates first and foremost as human beings, and our confidence in them depends on them not exercising any superhuman influence on our destiny.
For someone who is directing all his energies toward the renewal of occult teachings for our times, the temptation is great to reject the difficult tasks of Christian community and to artificially make his teaching easier by any of the means appropriate in earlier times. However, these things have become evil in our times, and it would be better nowadays for the teacher to remain invisible except when promulgating the doctrine than it would be for him to relate to his students as you are doing. Maintaining and strengthening the I of each student is much more important than passing on the teachings—after all, the teachings are directed to the individual I. Any restriction of the ego's rights must also result in the teachings taking root within the individual in the wrong way. Any dulling of individual discernment represents a grave danger to those striving for the spirit.
I will admit that in one sense, this kind of right living is infinitely more difficult for you than for others. Christian occultists must take up a challenge that other people will face only in times to come; that is, to both live and be a seer. They are in constant danger of falsely confusing these different planes and the laws that govern them. But they cannot escape this danger by refusing the challenge; for without being able to orient themselves according to the Christ impulse, they would still get these two planes mixed up in unjustified ways. When this happens in a meeting with a pupil, the pupil will be the first to experience the disastrous results, although they will soon revert to the teacher.
The community of the Grail is perhaps the only place where this challenge has been met satisfactorily to any extent. You yourself admit that you are not totally satisfied with what you have been able to tell us about the Grail, and you have clearly described your own difficulties in researching the Grail mysteries, although you call the new initiates “initiates of the Grail.” Perhaps the Grail will grant us salvation in this difficult hour.
Through the events I have described, my wife and I find ourselves in a situation with regard to yourself that makes it impossible for us to encounter you again in the way my wife did for the last time on Sunday, July 25, in the Schreinerei, and I on Thursday, August 5, on the steps leading to the eurythmy room. We were both in possession of this knowledge already at that time, as you were well aware. Nevertheless, you shook our hands and drew us into conversation as if nothing had happened. Healthy tact would have made that kind of thing impossible for any non-clairvoyant, so in your case I have to recognize it as an attempt at impermissible intervention into my inner being. I will refrain from explaining this statement in greater detail at this point because that would lead us too far afield.
It is still possible for me to greet you from a distance with all due respect as the bearer of great teachings, as I attempted to do on that evening. But I cannot submit to exchanging handshakes and friendly conversations with you as if nothing had happened, and especially not since I have clearly seen that these very handshakes and conversations are one of your chief means of exercising impermissible influences on your pupils and since I cannot share the opinion of a certain respected member that these things exist for the purpose of testing one's own strength in the face of outside influences.
To inform you of the need to avoid further personal contact is the purpose of this letter inasmuch as it concerns the two of us personally.
With regard to yourself, my purpose in writing to you about this very serious matter is to see accomplished the little I can do as your fellow human being, namely, to confront you with the fact that a person on the physical plane and using physical means has been able to point out to you the evil in your actions. You would be condemned to a shadowy existence if no one would turn to you like this. I hope that the fact that at least a few people nowadays are capable of recognizing your errors as such, remembering them and taking a stand against them, will be of help to you in the now necessary process of restructuring life in our spiritual movement. There are a few other members whom I can expect to understand the matters under discussion here, and I shall inform them of the contents of this letter.
It is imperative, however, that you begin to thoroughly transform the relationship between yourself and other members of the movement, as I have indicated. The objective purpose of my writing to you is to express this in the hopes that our movement will continue to work in accordance with the intentions of evolution. What would be the consequence if you were to reject this challenge? At least in certain instances, you have already forfeited an activity that must have been assigned to you by the masters of the white lodge—the personal instruction of individuals. For as I have already said, a profound mistrust in your treatment of individual human destinies is all too justified. I can also not imagine how an esoteric lesson could take place under the prevailing circumstances.
If you restricted yourself to disseminating ever more aspects of the teachings but let everything else continue as before, and if not enough members were able to work their way through to the necessary insights, the Society would degenerate into an exoteric association at best. There are already certain signs of this happening, alongside the tendencies to evil and to stupefaction. Either that or, if your followers become aware of their responsibility, they will have to bring about a complete separation between the teacher and what is taught, leaving you to discharge the duties of your holy office as a guilty and tormented Amfortas among hungry and sorrowful disciples.
I am now coming to the end of what I want to say at present. I have not been able to clothe these insights—which I achieved under the guidance of the Keeper of the Seal of the Society for Theosophical Art and Style, who is under the protection of Christian Rosenkreutz—in the ideal form I had envisioned. The obstacles were still too great for someone only recently released from your spell. But I have decided to send the letter anyway because the moment demands it.
When I wonder about the emotions with which you will receive this letter, the question of whether you will find your way to people with whom you can go through this experience and begin the necessary transformations weighs on me especially heavily. This is an area where, in this Christian age, the occultist as such is bound to fail and must be simply a human among humans, just as Christ Jesus had to experience things on Earth that he could not experience as a God. May you turn to this Spirit for help!
Heinrich Goesch
Gertrud Goesch
I have read you this letter, my friends, because it concerns each and every one of you just as much as it concerns me, and because it seems obvious to me that you must each decide for yourself to what extent you believe its claims correspond to actual practice within our Society. Otherwise people might think that I am afraid of this charge of contributing to the “stupefaction” of our members, and that I do not see you as sufficiently independent to leave it up to each one of you to judge the situation individually as you see fit.
However, you must realize that a letter like this cannot be seen in isolation; it is a symptom of what is going on in our Society. That is why I will take no part in discussing either this letter or anything that will need to be done as a result of it. It is clear that it must be left up to the members to decide what needs to be done and how to go about it, at least to begin with. In particular, I will refrain from saying anything about the passage claiming that promises have not been kept. If assessing this matter is left to individual discretion, each one of you will know how things stand, since each one of you must know what you have been promised and whether the promises were kept. However, I would expect and request the Society as such, or those members living in the neighborhood of the building in Dornach, to take a decided stand on this issue in the very near future.
I myself will not get involved in discussions on the matter at all. There are only a few things I want to tell you, and I ask you to take my remarks as what I have to say in connection with what I have just read, especially because it is obvious from other symptoms, not just from this letter, that many things I have said to members in lectures here in the course of the last few weeks and months have had no effect at all.
First of all, there is one thing I would like to emphasize. My friends, I cannot allow anyone to dictate how I conduct myself with members of the Society. It is up to me, and me alone, to decide how I find it necessary to relate to them. This is not to be taken as any kind of guideline for you; I am simply speaking for myself. I will not allow anyone to prescribe in any way how I should interact with members, inasmuch as this interaction has to do with the sins of omission I am supposed to have committed against them.
There is a very deep and weighty reason why this has to be the way it is. Not only this letter, but also many other things that have come up in the Society intermittently down through the years and with increasing frequency lately, show that many people simply do not make an effort to understand the kind of responsibility carried by someone communicating esoteric truths. It seems that many of our members don't want to try to understand what it sometimes takes to speak even a single sentence of that sort. With all the spiritual preparation it takes to give a lecture, it is simply not possible to sit with different little groups of members until two in the morning every night chatting about all kinds of useless and superfluous stuff. This fact is not sufficiently appreciated, nor are many other things that people seem to require of me and that then get counted as sins of omission. I need my time, and I need it in a totally different way than what people seem to want to understand. If I weren't using it the way I am, you would be hearing the same kind of stupid esoteric views from me that you can hear so much of in the rest of the world. So much for the sins of omission.
I also do not understand how the statement that my dealings with individual members and with groups of members are not Christian enough fits together with the complaint that I am exerting an undue influence over you by means of black magic whenever I take the liberty of shaking hands with one of you or involving you in conversation. I am certainly open to changing this practice if the Society will make its views on the subject known, because it is up to you, of course, whether you want to shake hands or get involved in a friendly conversation with me.
If this opinion becomes prevalent, it should be expressed, and then handshakes can, of course, be avoided in the future. For reasons I expressed earlier, I will not go into this any further, but there is still one thing I must mention because it is so very typical.
There is a passage in this letter that reads as follows: “Through the events I have described, my wife and I find ourselves in a situation with regard to yourself that makes it impossible for us to encounter you again in the way my wife did for the last time on Sunday, July 25, in the Schreinerei, and I on Thursday, August 5, on the steps leading to the eurythmy room. We were both in possession of this knowledge already at that time. Nevertheless, you shook our hands and drew us into conversation as if nothing had happened. Healthy tact would have made that kind of thing impossible for any non-clairvoyant, so in your case I have to recognize it as an attempt at impermissible intervention into my inner being.” Let me just mention that on the Friday before Sunday the 25th, a member of our Society approached me with an inquiry from Mrs. Goesch with regard to her child, who had fallen down and gotten hurt somehow. I responded by saying that if she wished, I could take a look at what was wrong with the child. Shortly thereafter that person returned, bringing Mrs. Goesch and the child to me. On the following Sunday, here in the Schreinerei, I intervened in the inner being of Mrs. Goesch by shaking her hand and asking her how the child was doing.
My encounter with Mr. Goesch on the stairs leading up to the eurythmy room on Thursday, August 5, consisted of my responding to Mr. Goesch, who had asked me whether it was all right for the child (whom I had just seen standing down by the door) to take part in eurythmy exercises again, by saying that of course that was entirely up to the parents, since what the parents wanted was the only thing to consider in whether or not the child should come to eurythmy again. At that point, I also made the mistake of extending my hand to Mr. Goesch. These are the two instances in which I intervened in someone else's inner being by means of black magic.
Let me still comment on one more passage from the end of this letter: “I am now coming to the end of what I want to say at present. I have not been able to clothe my insights—which I achieved through the guidance of the Keeper of the Seal of the Society for Theosophical Art and Style, who is under the protection of Christian Rosenkreutz—in the ideal form I had envisioned. The obstacles were still too great for someone only recently released from your spell.” I believe you all know who the so-called keeper of the seal is, and all I have to say about this is that the person in question has written a number of letters to both me and my wife in the past few months, including one Mrs. Steiner received only today.4See p. 115 in this volume. I will not discuss the matter of the “keeper of the seal” any further today; I just want to point out that her letters started coming around Christmas, mysteriously enough.
It may well be that I shall have to say something about this at some point, but I really do not want to do it today. I want you to come to a conclusion without being influenced by me. It is certainly almost impossible to be aware of the mysterious connection between this letter and the “keeper of the seal” and say nothing further about it, but today may not be the right time for that.
However, I do still want to mention that some years ago in fall I announced that due to certain embarrassing symptoms that had appeared within our Society, it seemed necessary to found a society of a more restricted sort.5Address in Berlin, December 15, 1911, in Zur Geschichte und aus den Inhalten der ersten Abteilung der Esoterischen Schule 1904 bis 1919 (“On the History and Contents of the First Class of the Esoteric School, 1904–1919”), GA 264, (Dornach, Switzerland: Rudolf Steiner Verlag, 1984). [This volume has not been published in English—Translator.] To begin with, I attempted to invest a number of long-term members close to me with certain offices, on the assumption that these people would become independently active in accordance with their new titles. At that time, I said that if anything came of it, the membership would hear about it by Epiphany. No one heard a thing, which means that the Society for Theosophical Art and Style does not exist. That is a perfectly justified assumption, since no one has heard anything to the contrary, and it is equally safe to assume that an announcement would have been made if my intentions had in fact been realized. The way my plans were received, however, made it impossible for this society to come about. It was simply an experiment.
My friends, I have often said that the Anthroposophical Society has to make sense as a society if it is to make sense at all. After all, other arrangements could be made for lecturing on esoteric teachings. I have also often pointed out that if certain signs and symptoms continue to appear in the Society, finding another form for it will become inevitable because the present form and present arrangements are not serving the purpose. I was trying to avoid certain things prevalent in the Theosophical Society when I founded the Anthroposophical Society, of which I do not want to be a member, since that is crucial to what I have to do for this spiritual movement.
Our Society also often comes under attack from outside, and of course these attacks are also directed at the Society's teacher and lecturer. This should lead our active members to take up the obligation to defend our cause, if they take the idea of our Society as seriously as they should. However, libelous pamphlets of the most despicable sort, containing the most unbelievable calumnies, have been appearing, and I leave it up to each one of you to judge whether everyone who could do something about them has taken the idea of the Society as seriously as would be necessary if the Society is to withstand these attacks from outside.
My friends, it is neither feasible nor possible for those who have an interest in the survival of the Anthroposophical Society to always first come to me to discuss what they ought to do in defense of me and our cause. That has to come to an end. If it does not, it would mean that it is actually true that people here are assigned their positions by me. I have to respect the independence of the members, even if that means, as it unfortunately does in many cases, that I have to deny them something. The fact of the matter is that the way things have been going, I could truly have done much more if I had not had to get involved in a lot of things that actually did not warrant my involvement. At least where the well-being of our Society is concerned, it is an absurdity to want to clear everything with me first. If what I want to do is to be accomplished on behalf of the Society, then please allow me the time to do it. The Society is wrongly conceived of if people are always turning to one individual; it must include taking personal initiative in what needs to be done on behalf of the Society.
For this reason, my friends, today's incident must be seen as an important and even crucial one. That is why I read you this letter, which is basically only an isolated symptom of something flaring up here, there, and everywhere. I will wait patiently to see what you, as members of the Society, will do about it. Meanwhile, I will continue to fulfill my obligations; the program will continue tomorrow as planned. But it goes without saying that how everything goes on after that will depend on the position the Society takes on what it has heard today. This is not something to be taken as an isolated case; it touches on many fundamental issues I have been pointing to for months in many discussions.6Rudolf Steiner may well have been referring to his description of different types of clairvoyance, and especially the difference between “head clairvoyance” and “gut clairvoyance.” Cf. the lecture series Wege der Geistigen Erkenntniss und der Erneuerung künstlerischer Weltanschauung (“Paths to Spiritual Knowledge and Renewal of Art Philosophy”), GA 161, (Dornach, Switzerland: Rudolf Steiner Verlag, 1980), and Kunst- und Lebensfragen im Lichte der Geisteswissenschaft (“Questions of Art and Life in the Light of Spiritual Science”), GA 162, (Dornach, Switzerland: Rudolf Steiner Verlag, 1985). [These volumes have not been published in English—Translator]
When Rudolf Steiner had finished, a discussion took place; no stenographic record was kept. Some people must have spoken up in defense of the point of view expressed in Goesch's letter, because as one participant recollects, Rudolf Steiner left the room together with Marie Steiner, saying “I cannot have anything more to do with a society like this!” 7Hilde Boos-Hamburger in Mitteilungen aus der anthroposophischen Arbeit in Deutschland (“News about the Anthroposophical Work in Germany”), Vol 17, no. 1, Easter 1963. The great majority of those present must have been ashamed of this state of affairs, and on that same evening they composed this expression of confidence:
Dornach
August 21, 1915
Dear Dr. Steiner:
As members of the Anthroposophical Society, we wish to express our righteous indignation and our feeling of shame that someone of mendacious and immoral outlook, as evident in Mr. Heinrich Goesch's letter, has dared to address you in a fashion dictated by the most despicable delusions of grandeur.
We must painfully reproach ourselves for not having understood how to prevent what has happened and for having proved unable thus far to create a circle of people in which the thoughts and feelings expressed in this letter could not have arisen.
We ask your forgiveness as our loved and respected teacher. We also ask that you not retract your confidence in us, or rather, that you trust in us again, because we are firmly resolved to better realize the ideal of the Anthroposophical Society and to be more aware of our responsibility in future.
It is a matter of course that, given the point of view they represent, we no longer wish to consider Miss Alice Sprengel, Mr. Heinrich Goesch, and Mrs. Gertrud Goesch as having a place in our midst.
We ask you, dear Dr. Steiner, to take our signatures as an assurance of our unconditional and constant trust and our sincerest gratitude.
signed by Michael Bauer and over 300 others 8Michael Bauer, 1871–1929, leader of the Albrecht Diirer Branch in Nurnberg. He was a member of the Vorstand of the Anthroposophical Society from 1913 until his retirement for health reasons in 1921.
This vote of confidence was a spontaneous and purely human expression of the signers' relationship to Rudolf Steiner. The facts of the case are addressed in Rudolf Steiner's own contributions. The professional comments of one Dr. Amann (Basel, September 14, 1915) shed some light on the difficulties the members faced in judging the situation:
Among the members, the prevailing opinion is still that Mr. Goesch is not mentally ill, he is only under a bad influence.
When someone has a fever or is drowsy, that is easy enough for anyone to diagnose. On the other hand, mental illness is extremely difficult for even an expert professional to diagnose except in extreme cases.
From people's comments, it is clear that they cannot understand that Mr. Goesch is mentally ill and that they have misconceptions about this type of illness. They believe the mentally ill are necessarily idiots who cannot write intelligently.
Idiots are feeble-minded; the sluggishness of their brain does not allow them to think at all. Unless some organic illness causes feeble-mindedness as a secondary condition, they are born retarded. Exactly the opposite is true of someone who is mentally ill; here, we are dealing with a melancholy frame of mind and clouded logic. This condition, in turn, must be distinguished from insanity—insane people are dangerous!
People who are mentally ill forfeit none of the quality of their intellect. Their intellectual capacity actually increases, because they are inexhaustible when it comes to intellectual work; in fact, they are intellectually active all day and all night. Their illness lies in the fact that they become obsessed and hypnotized with their own fixed trains of thought and are not susceptible to any criticism from outside. These people suffer in secret under the thoughts that plague them until they have carried them to term and can present them to the public. The urge to be visibly productive and important is constantly present in them.
Rudolf Steiner continued in the same vein on the following evening, August 22, 1915, discussing the case further.
Ich muß heute eine Episode einschalten, wenn auch anderer Art als die gestrige. Heute morgen habe ich ein Schriftstück erhalten, und ich fühle mich nicht nur veranlaßt, sondern verpflichtet, dieses Schriftstück zur Kenntnis jedes einzelnen Mitgliedes zu bringen. Die Gründe, warum ich mich dazu nicht nur veranlaßt, sondern genötigt, ja geradezu gezwungen fühle, werde ich nachher vorbringen.
Heinrich und Gertrud Goesch an Rudolf Steiner
Dornach, den 19. August 1915
Sehr geehrter Herr Dr. Steiner!
Ich habe erkannt, daß Sie bei Ihrem Wirken in unserer geistigen Bewegung neben Ihrer dem Guten gewidmeten Tätigkeit auch eine dem Bösen dienende Handlungsweise nebenhergehen lassen. Als gut erkenne ich vor allem die uns durch Sie gebrachte Esoterik, die uns durch Sie verkündete Lehre, die uns durch Sie geschenkten Mysterienspiele, die Inaugurierung der Eurythmie, die Kunst des Johannesbaus. In allen diesen Beziehungen sehe ich in Ihnen nach wie vor einen Abgesandten der großen weißen Loge und fühle mich von tiefster Dankbarkeit für Sie und Ihre dem Guten gewidmete Tätigkeit erfüllt. Als böse aber erkenne ich die Art, wie Sie das Verhältnis zwischen sich und den andern Mitgliedern unserer geistigen Bewegung gestalten. In dieser Ihrer dem Bösen dienenden Handlungsweise erblicke ich die allergrößte Gefahr für unsere geistige Bewegung. Sie stellen solche Beziehungen zwischen sich und den anderen Mitgliedern her, daß die andern nur Glieder von Ihnen, nicht aber selbständige geistige Wesenheiten neben Ihnen sein sollen. Sie verhalten sich zu den andern nur scheinbar als ein Mensch unter Menschen. In Wahrheit verschmähen Sie eigentlich jede wahrhaft menschliche Verbindung und maßen sich statt dessen Eingriffe in das Leben der anderen an, die nur den Göttern, nimmermehr aber einem heutigen Menschen zustehen. So schaffen Sie einen antichristlichen Zusammenhang zwischen sich und den andern Mitgliedern unserer geistigen Bewegung. Und alle die Menschen, die sich reif gemacht haben, um in unserer Zeit die großen spirituellen Lehren entgegenzunehmen, die machen Sie ärmer als den ärmsten Materialisten draußen. Denn dieser kann bei seinem ins Gegenbild verkehrten Christentum doch ein starkes Ich entwickeln. Ihre Schüler aber müssen, wenn es so weiter geht, durch die unaufhörliche Schwächung, die ihr Ich durch Ihre Handlungsweise erfährt, über kurz oder lang zu Opfern der schwarzen Magie werden.
Schon ist es vorgekommen, daß ausgezeichnete Mitglieder an die Stelle der Berufung auf die Wahrheit die Berufung auf Ihr Wort setzen und jede Kritik irgendeines Teiles Ihres Wirkens mit dem Einwand abschneiden, daß man sich mit einer solchen Kritik über Sie stellen würde. Aus dem Gefühl heraus, daß ein Sich-über-Sie-stellen als frevelhafte Vermessenheit ausgeschlossen sei, glaubt man mit einem solchen Einwande die Angelegenheit in sachgemäßer Weise erledigt zu haben. Nicht die Mitglieder sind an solchen Verirrungen schuld, sondern Sie. Sie haben es über der Verkündung immer weiterer Teile der Lehre versäumt, in der Lebensgemeinschaft mit Ihren Schülern fortwährend die Gesinnung zu pflegen, daß sich jeder Mensch als Christ immer wieder und wieder nicht nur unter jeden andern, sondern auch über jeden anderen stellen müsse; daß für jeden nicht nur das tiefste Wesen auch seines geringsten Nebenmenschen von unersetzlichem Werte sei, sondern daß auch der Geringste für den Entwickeltsten mit die Verantwortung trage und seine Fehler bekämpfen müsse. Ihre eigene Lehre ist es, die mich in diesen Gesichtspunkten bestärkt hat. Im Leben aber wenden Sie eine Reihe von Mitteln an, die diesem christlichen Ideal einer menschlichen Lebensgemeinschaft entgegenarbeiten.
Ich werde jetzt zwei solcher Mittel des Näheren zur Sprache bringen. Daran mag der Sinn meiner Behauptungen deutlicher werden.
Es ist eine Tatsache, daß es Ihnen zur Gewohnheit geworden ist, Versprechen zu geben und nicht zu halten. Daß Sie die Zukunft zu mangelhaft überschauen könnten oder daß Sie zu schwach seien, ursprüngliche Absichten durchzuführen, so daß Sie sich mit einem gewissen Recht immer wieder der Erfüllung von Versprechen entziehen könnten, wird ja wohl niemand behaupten wollen. Es handelt sich also um ein bewußtes Enttäuschung bereiten, und da die Versprechen, auch wo sie gar nicht gefordert sind, aus eigenem Antriebe von Ihnen gegeben werden, um ein bewußtes Sichhineindrängen in fremde Leben, um innerhalb derselben etwas zu tun, was allein dem Schicksal vorbehalten bleiben muß. Eine Enttäuschung, die uns das Karma schickt, wird unmittelbar für unsere Entwicklung förderlich sein. Eine Enttäuschung, die uns ein Mensch planvoll bereitet, wird aber jedenfalls zunächst eine schwere Verletzung und, wenn das Vertrauen in den Verletzenden nicht zurückgezogen wird, eine Schwächung unseres Ich bedeuten. Es ist derselbe Unterschied wie zwischen dem Tode in einer Feuersbrunst und dem auf von Menschen geschichteten Scheiterhaufen.
Derjenige nun, der ein solches Versprechen erhält und auf seine Erfüllung wartet, gerät bei dem Vertrauen, das er Ihnen entgegenbringt, in einen Zustand der Spannung, welcher ihn unsicher macht, während Sie sein allmähliches Enttäuschtwerden ruhig überschauen können. Hat es sich dann irgendwann auch für den Betroffenen herausgestellt, daß das Versprechen von Ihnen nicht gehalten werden wird, so wird derselbe entweder künftig derartige Worte von Ihnen nicht mehr ernst nehmen und sich dadurch zwar insofern von Ihnen trennen. Indem er Ihnen aber gleichwohl im Ganzen sein Vertrauen weiter entgegenbringt, wird er den Maßstab für die Heiligkeit des Wortes verlieren und vielleicht selbst anfangen, ähnlich zu handeln. Er wird auf eine unmenschliche Weise mit Ihnen zusammenhängen und gleich Ihnen auf andere weiterzuwirken suchen. Oder aber es wird einer von folgenden drei Fällen eintreten. Der Betroffene wird aus dem Vertrauen heraus, das er Ihnen entgegenbringt, einen tiefen okkulten Sinn hinter Ihrer Handlungsweise vermuten. Er wird sich der Meinung hingeben, es gäbe tiefe okkulte Gründe, um derenwillen es erlaubt oder sogar nötig sei Versprechen zu geben, in der Absicht, sie nicht zu halten. Hier und da stößt man sogar auf eine solche Verirrung des Gefühls, daß eine derartige Handlungsweise bewundert und als ein Zeichen von Übermenschentum betrachtet wird. Es ist aber ohne weiteres einzusehen, daß keine Macht der Welt einem heutigen Menschen die Befugnis geben könnte, Versprechen zu geben, um sie nicht zu halten. Eine Enttäuschung zu bereiten, ist allein Sache der das Karma lenkenden Götter. Die genannte Verwirrung der Begriffe ist für den Geistesschüler um so gefährlicher, weil sich die moderne Geisteswissenschaft ja gerade an die gesunde Urteilskraft wendet und diese durch derartiges untergraben wird. Da tritt dann in verhängnisvoller Weise an die Stelle der Wahrheit Ihr Wort, an die Stelle der Erkenntnis, daß Sie hier etwas Böses tun, der Gedanke: Ich kann mich doch nicht über ihn stellen. Dadurch aber bröckelt ein Stück innerer Menschenwürde nach dem anderen bei dem Betroffenen ab und er wird zu einem geistig unselbständigen Werkzeug in Ihrer Hand. Eine zweite Möglichkeit für den um die Erfüllung des Versprechens Betrogenen ist die, daß in dem Betroffenen, damit er bei dem Vertrauen, das er in Sie setzt, beharren kann, die Tatsache, daß Sie ja von vornherein nicht daran dachten, das Versprechen zu halten, nicht zum Bewußtsein erhoben wird und man den Ausweg findet, das nachherige Nichthalten als eine neue Offenbarung eines Wesens hinzunehmen, das man überhaupt nicht als Mensch empfindet oder als Mensch verantwortlich machen kann. Auch diese Ansicht findet sich innerhalb der Gesellschaft vertreten und muß ja dazu führen, daß Sie in der Tat als Mensch immer schattenhafter und schattenhafter werden. Oder endlich drittens wird in manchen Seelen der radikale Ausweg gewählt, daß ein Vergessen des gesamten Tatbestandes, daß von Ihnen überhaupt ein Versprechen der und der Art gegeben ist, eintritt. Damit wird wiederum dem Menschen ein Stück seines Ich genommen, und nicht selbständige Mitarbeiter in unserer geistigen Bewegung stehen neben Ihnen, sondern durch Sie in ihrem Ich geschwächte Schatten. Sie aber sind es, der die Schuld an allem diesem trägt.
Ein zweites Beispiel Ihrer bösen Handlungsweise ist Ihre Ablehnung jeder Kritik gegenüber den in der Bewegung tätigen Menschen. Sie machen bei Ihrer Ablehnung gelegentlich die Unterstellung, daß jede derartige Kritik aus negativen Gefühlen heraus gegeben wird. Diese Unterstellung ist falsch. Es soll hier überhaupt nicht von der gehässigen destruktiven Kritik, sondern nur von der sich verantwortlich fühlenden positiven Kritik die Rede sein, zu der in der Tat viele Mitglieder durchaus fähig sind. Eine solche könnte doch höchstens dann gescheut werden, wenn man sich bewußt ist, daß leitende Stellen mit ungeeigneten Persönlichkeiten besetzt sind. In der heutigen Zeit, in der durch ein freies Zusammenkommen von Menschen aus der Freiheit der Menschen heraus eine hierarchische Ordnung derselben zur Erfüllung unserer Aufgaben entstehen soll, ist eine gewisse wohlwollende Kritik, von jedem gegen jeden geübt, die alleinige Bürgschaft für ein Gedeihen. In unserer Zeit kann sich sogar nur in dem Wirken einer derartigen Kritik der naturgemäße Aufbau einer wahren hierarchischen Ordnung vollziehen. Kommt der Getadelte den berechtigten Ansprüchen der Kritik, die er geradezu aufzusuchen verpflichtet ist, nicht nach, so muß er eben von seiner bisherigen Stellung in der Hierarchie weichen, damit die Wahrheit siegt. Und keine übergeordnete Stelle sollte einem solchen durch ein so Tun, als ob alles in Ordnung sei, schützen. Das ergibt sich aus dem Wesen der heutigen Zeit. Wenn man aber bei jedem, der an einer bestimmten Stelle der hierarchischen Ordnung stehend, Fehler macht, diese Fehler nicht kritisiert, sondern ruhig bestehen, ja weiter geschehen läßt, so schafft man nur eine Hierarchie als ob. Eine solche Hierarchie beruht nicht auf wahren menschlichen Eigenschaften und Verbindungen, sondern auf Fiktionen, Fiktionen, um die aufrecht zu erhalten, es dann immer neuen Unrechts bedarf. Und wiederum ist Unmenschlichkeit und Antichristlichkeit der gesamten Beziehungen die Folge. Sie tragen die Schuld daran. Es findet durch eine Organisation der Gesellschaft, wie sie sich unter Ihnen nach und nach herausgebildet hat, eine Usurpierung der Kräfte der Mitglieder zu Gunsten Ihrer und vielleicht noch gewisser anderer in dieser Scheinhierarchie hochgestellten Personen statt, während die Angelegenheiten der Gesellschaft schlecht verwaltet werden.
Was vielmehr ausgeschaltet werden muß und wogegen einmal ein Vortrag gehalten werden könnte, ist die persönliche Empfindlichkeit der von der Kritik Betroffenen. Die Kritik kann in der Regel, besonders wenn sie rechtzeitig einsetzen kann, durchaus so anregend und erfreulich gestaltet werden und frei sein von persönlicher Erbitterung, daß jeder Stachel verschwindet und der Kritisierte froh sein kann, auf diese Weise Hilfe zu erlangen und die Sache gefördert zu sehen. Die allerdings heute vielfach herrschende Nervosität oder Animosität der Kritisierenden entspringt zum Teil bereits dem berechtigten Gefühl, daß man auch mit der sachgemäßesten Kritik nicht gehört, sondern eher scheel angesehen und völlig bei Seite gesetzt wird. Ein wirklich überlegener Mensch hat ja gar keine Ursache, Kritik zu fürchten. Wahre äberlegenheit beweist sich gerade gegenüber auch der schärfsten Kritik. Der Fall, daß der aus dem Gefühl der Verantwortlichkeit heraus wirken wollende Kritiker die Sachlage in Wahrheit nicht überschauen kann, wird sich, wo er wirklich einmal vorliegt, demselben in der Regel sofort oder später leicht und ohne überflüssigen Zeitverlust begreiflich machen lassen. Ich sehe hierbei ab von dem Fall, in welchem eine Kritik sich bereits zu einer solchen in sich begründeten Absage an ein ganzes abgeschlossen vor mir stehendes System ausgestaltet hat, wie sie mein Brief darstellt. Hier würde keine Vertagung etwas ändern. Wenn mir aber in einem bestimmten Falle seitens eines von mir selbst als überlegen anerkannten Menschen, nicht nur seitens einer in der Scheinhierarchie aus undurchschaubaren Gründen über mich gesetzten Persönlichkeit, bedeutet wird, daß ich den betreffenden Fall noch nicht überschauen kann, so werde ich meine Kritik gerne zurückstellen, bis der betreffende Fall hinreichend abgeschlossen ist. In unserer geistigen Bewegung herrscht jedoch unter Ihren Auspizien ein Geist, welcher ein derartiges Zurückstellen der Kritik auf unbestimmte Zeiten - in der Regel bis zu dem Vergessen des betreffenden Faktums nicht nur für gewisse einzelne, sondern prinzipiell für alle Fälle gefordert wird. Dadurch wird aber einerseits tatsächlich viel Verkehrtes zum Schaden aller gemacht, andererseits die Urteilskraft, auf die ja alles ankommt, geschädigt. Ich muß wiederum auf den Widerspruch verweisen, der darin liegt, daß die Geisteswissenschaft sich einerseits wendet an die gesunde Urteilskraft der Menschen, andererseits aber eben diese Urteilskraft prinzipiell für die allermeisten Geschehnisse in unserer Bewegung verwiesen wird an nicht verständliche, nicht überschaubare Gründe für Maßnahmen. Man muß aber zugeben, daß der Mensch heute zwei Jahrtausende nach Christus im Besitze bestimmter Maßstäbe bereits ist, die jeder anwenden und jeder auf sich anwenden lassen muß, wenn sie nicht verloren gehen sollen, und daß es wirklich hinreichend abgeschlossene Tatbestände gibt, die unserem Urteil wirklich unterstehen. Gerade der Umstand, daß ein Mensch sich gezwungen sieht, über einen Fall nachzudenken, pflegt anzuzeigen, daß er auch die Fähigkeit in sich hat, wenn auch vielleicht nicht ohne Unterstützung, über die Sache ins Klare zu kommen.
Wie die Sache jetzt steht, ist ein großer Teil der Geisteskraft der Mitglieder fortwährend aufs intensivste mit der fruchtlosen Arbeit beschäftigt, die verborgenen weisheitsvollen Gründe für das Böse in Ihrer Handlungsweise und derjenigen Ihrer höchsten Mitarbeiter zu suchen, einer Kräfteentfaltung, der Sie ruhig zusehen können. Oder aber diese Menschen müssen sich entschließen, um das Vertrauen in Sie nicht zu verlieren, eben diese Kräfte des Wahrheitsuchens in sich abzudämpfen und so einer teilweisen Verblödung anheim zu fallen. Wo aber bleiben alle diese Kräfte? Es ist grausig, diesem Gedanken weiter nachzugehen. Jedenfalls stellen Sie ein groRes Kraftzentrum dar, für welches alle die einzelnen nur Organe sind, die Sie nach Belieben für undurchschaubare Zwecke verwenden. Also nicht etwa handelt es sich in unserer geistigen Bewegung um ein zwischen vollen Menschen sich abspielendes wirkliches Leben, in welchem jeder auch sein Bestes geben darf. Sie sind nicht etwa der Freund aller Mitglieder, sondern durch Ihr ganzes Verhalten weisen Sie jede lebendige Freundschaftsbeziehung zurück. Sie sind in Wahrheit für viele der stärkste Feind, dem sie je begegnet sind.
All die geschilderten Dinge sind nicht nur objektiv böse, sondern stehen sogar in ausdrücklichem Widerspruch zu der von Ihnen verkündigten Lehre. Durch Sie bin ich über die Gründe belehrt worden, die mich zur Ablehnung dieser Handlungsweise führen. Es macht geradezu den Eindruck, daß Sie je länger je mehr Ihre Verbindung mit dem Christus-Impuls nur in den Vorträgen ausleben und abgesehen von den Vorträgen entgegengesetzten Impulsen huldigen. Ja an einigen Stellen scheint mir schon Ihre Lehrtätigkeit zwar nicht dem Gehalte nach, aber dem formalen Aufbau nach, ein wenig von der sonst von Ihnen gepflogenen Praxis angekränkelt. So finden sich bereits Sätze, durch deren Aufbau etwas versprochen wird, ohne daß es dann gehalten wird, und die nur den Zweck haben können, den Leser eine Fruchtlose Gedankenarbeit vollziehen zu lassen. (Gedanken während der Zeit des Krieges, Seite 9, Zeile 12 von unten £.f.) Oder Sie suchen die Einsicht darin, daß auch Sie wie jeder lebendige Mensch im Laufe der Zeit seine Ansicht wirklich geändert haben, wie eine lästige Kritik abzuwehren (Rätsel der Philosophie, Vorwort, letzter Absatz). Diese Stellen zeigen übrigens auch beide eine deutliche Stilwandlung zum Unüberschaubaren hin.
Aber nicht nur der Lehre überhaupt widerspricht eine derartige Stellung von Mensch zu Mensch, wie Sie sie herstellen; sondern insbesondere widerspricht Ihr Verhalten auch geradezu dem, was Sie von dem Geisteslehrer in unserer heutigen Zeit verlangen. Derselbe soll sich nur an den bewußten Menschen wenden. Er hat seinem Schüler gegenüber die Pflicht übernommen, keine für den Schüler unkontrollierbaren magischen Wirkungen auf sein Unterbewußtes ohne dessen Willen auszuüben. Sie aber tun dergleichen durch die geschilderte Handlungsweise und andere okkulte Mittel unausgesetzt. Jeder Händedruck, jedes freundliche Gespräch wird Ihnen zu einem Mittel, um diese falschen Beziehungen zu pflegen. Die Seligkeit, welche die Mitglieder nach einer Begegnung mit Ihnen erfüllt, ist nicht diejenige der Gemeinschaft der Heiligen, sondern eine bloß luziferisch-ahrimanische. Hieran sind Sie selber, nicht die Mitglieder schuld. Auch Mitglieder, welche die Falschheit des von Ihnen erstrebten Verhältnisses schon durchschaut haben, versuchen Sie gegen deren Willen mit Händedrücken, mit freundlichen Gesprächen wieder in dasselbe hineinzuziehen. Ich habe mit aller Bestimmtheit erkannt, daß auf diese Weise von Ihnen nicht zu Recht bestehende Wirkungen auf Ihre Schüler ausgeübt werden.
Bei dem Ausschluß unkontrollierbarer Beeinflussungen des Unterbewußten, wie ihn die heutige Zeit erfordert, genügt es aber nicht, nur Vorträge zu halten oder sonstiges neues Spirituelles zu inaugurieren, sondern es ist notwendig, daß Sie Ihr eigenes Leben, wie Sie es mit den anderen Mitgliedern unserer Bewegung zusammen leben, unter die christlichen Impulse stellen und so zu solchen Beziehungen zu Ihren Schülern fortschreiten, wie Sie sie an Benedictus im vierten Mysterium so schön zur Darstellung bringen. Zur Zeit ist dies sogar, nachdem uns so viel Lehrgut übermittelt ist, die weitaus dringlichere Pflicht.
Wenn ich mich frage, wie es möglich sein kann, daß gerade Sie, der Sie die Lehre zu verkündigen hatten, in dieser Weise gegen dieselbe handeln, so ergibt sich mir hauptsächlich zweierlei als Antwort. Einerseits kann ich die Gründe ahnen, warum die große weiße Loge wohl einen noch nicht durchchristeten Menschen zu dieser Aufgabe wählen mußte, und ich kann Sie als Bringer der Lehre nach wie vor für deren Abgesandten halten. Andererseits scheint es mir, daß das tiefste Motiv, welches in Ihnen wirksam ist, keineswegs aktive Bosheit, wie es nach einigen Feststellungen, die ich habe machen müssen, fälschlicherweise ausgelegt werden könnte, sondern ein allzu einseitiges Interesse für die zeitgemäße Erneuerung der Lehre und vor allem Angst vor dem wahren Leben ist. In Ihrer Vermeidung und Verhinderung des wahren Lebens aber und in Ihrer Schaffung von Surrogaten für dasselbe entfalten Sie doch bereits eine Kraft des Bösen, in welcher ich die allergrößte Gefahr für unsere geistige Bewegung und auch für Sie selber sehen muß.
Der durchchristete Okkultist kann sich niemals damit begnügen, die Lehre zu geben, sondern er muß zugleich in eine Lebensgemeinschaft mit seinen Schülern treten. In dem wahren Verhältnis zwischen Mensch und Mensch im christlichen Sinne ist es unbedingt erforderlich, daß ein jeder sich von dem anderen, soweit es dessen Kräfte nur irgend zulassen, überschauen läßt. Jeder soll sich mit allem, was er hat, dem Nebenmenschen hingeben, soweit dieser ihn empfangen kann. Auf dieser Grundlage hat auch eine moderne Hierarchie zu beruhen. Der hierarchisch Höherstehende hat sich mit allem, was er nur irgendwie dem Tieferstehenden hingeben kann, diesem zuzuneigen. Sie aber befolgen in antichristlicher Weise die umgekehrte Praxis und richten zum Beispiel nach Möglichkeit alles so ein, daß Absichten im Dunkeln bleiben, Geschehnisse wie nichtgeschehen behandelt werden. Es genügt nicht, zuzugeben, daß man auch einmal eine schwache Stunde haben könne. Es ist notwendig, nicht nur zuzugeben, sondern als Mensch fortdauernd zu bestätigen, daß man gegenüber jedem anderen, der ja im christlichen Sinne genau so notwendig ist wie man selbst, in irgendeiner Weise unvollkommen ist und zu lernen hat. Es ist nötig, dieses Mitleben mit dem Nächsten aufzusuchen, mag auch dem Okkultisten älterer Observanz davor grauen. Es genügt nicht, sich nur gegen blinde Bewunderung verwahrt zu haben. Es ist nötig, sachgemäße Kritik aufzusuchen.
Also muß der Geisteslehrer in dieser Lebensgemeinschaft auf alle die Hilfen verzichten, die in vorchristlicher Zeit der Aufnahme der Lehre seitens der Schüler dienten, vor allem auf die unnahbare Autorität des von göttlicher Weisheit erfüllten Lehrers gegenüber den Schülern, in denen das Ich noch nicht geboren war, auf das Ausgesondertsein von Lehrer und Schüler aus allen menschlichen Lebensbeziehungen. Für den vorchristlichen Initiator bestand das Problem noch nicht, auf das ich hier hinweise. Das Ich war noch nicht geboren, und das göttliche Wesen, das durch den Lehrer wirkte, hatte die Befugnis, in das Schicksal der Schüler so einzugreifen, wie es sonst nur das Karma tut. Aber zu einem heutigen Eingeweihten haben wir Christen uns in erster Linie als zu einem Menschen zu stellen, und unser Vertrauen zu ihm geht gerade darauf, daß keine übermenschlichen Eingriffe in unser Schicksal durch ihn gemacht werden.
Es liegt nun wohl für denjenigen, der seine ganze Kraft auf die Erneuerung der Lehre für unsere Zeit richtet, die Versuchung nahe, die schweren Aufgaben einer christlichen Lebensgemeinschaft zunächst zurückzuweisen, und sich vielmehr auf jede mögliche Weise künstlich diejenigen Erleichterungen des Lehrens zu schaffen, die in alter Zeit natürlich waren. Aber diese Dinge sind in unserer Zeit böse. Und es wäre noch eher angängig, daß der Verkündiger der Lehre, abgesehen von dieser Verkündigung, unsichtbar bliebe, als daß ein Lehrer in unserer Zeit in einen solchen Zusammenhang mit seinen Schülern tritt, wie Sie es tun. Viel wichtiger als die Verkündigung der Lehre ist ja die Erhaltung und Stärkung des Ichs der Schüler. An das Ich wendet sich jetzt ja die Lehre. Jede Schmälerung der Rechte des Ich muß ja auch eine unrichtige Anwurzelung der Lehre im Innern des Menschen zur Folge haben. Jede Trübung der Urteilskraft gefährdet ja den zum Geiste Strebenden aufs Höchste.
Allerdings ist dieses richtige Leben für Sie in einer Beziehung auch unendlich viel schwerer als für andere. Der christliche Okkultist muß eine Aufgabe vorausnehmen, die an die anderen Menschen erst in der Zukunft herantreten wird: zu leben und zu schauen. Die Gefahr einer fälschlichen Vermischung der verschiedenen Pläne und ihrer Gesetze schwebt dauernd über ihm. Aber dieser Gefahr kann er nicht durch Abweisung dieser Aufgabe entrinnen. Da wird er, ohne sich am Christusimpuls orientieren zu können, gleichwohl in unerlaubter Weise die Pläne vermischen. Und bei einer jeden solchen Begegnung mit einem Schüler, in welcher das geschieht, wird der Schüler die grausigsten Folgen erkennen können. Und wie bald müssen dieselben auf den Lehrer zurückfallen!
Diese neue Aufgabe ist vielleicht bisher allein in irgendeinem Umfang innerhalb der Gemeinschaft des Grales gelöst worden, und Sie geben ja zu, daß das von Ihnen über den Gral Gesagte für Sie selbst etwas Unbefriedigendes hat und haben uns Ihre Schwierigkeiten, Forschungen über die Geheimnisse des Grals anzustellen, deutlich geschildert. Sie selbst aber nennen die neuen Eingeweihten Eingeweihte des Grales. Vielleicht, daß der Gral uns Rettung in dieser schweren Stunde sendet.
Durch die geschilderten Geschehnisse sind meine Frau und ich Ihnen gegenüber in eine Lage gekommen, in welcher es unmöglich ist, daß wir uns noch einmal in der Weise begegnen, wie es das letzte Mal, für meine Frau am Sonntag, den 25. Juli, in der Schreinerei, für mich am Donnerstag, den 5. August, auf der Treppe zum Eurythmiesaal vorgekommen ist. Wir besaßen alle diese Erkenntnisse auch damals schon, und Sie haben das sehr wohl gewußt. Gleichwohl gaben Sie uns die Hand und zogen uns in ein Gespräch, als sei nichts geschehen. Dem gesunden Takt eines Nichthellsehenden wäre dergleichen unmöglich gewesen. In Ihrem Falle erkenne ich in einer derartigen Handlungsweise den Versuch eines unzulässigen Eingriffs in meine Wesenheit. Die nähere Begründung dieser Behauptung lasse ich hier aus, da sie zu weit führen würde.
Ich kann Sie, wie ich es auch an jenem Abend versuchte, aus der Ferne in aller Ehrfurcht als den Träger der Lehre begrüssen. Aber ich kann mich nicht dazu hergeben, Händedrücke und freundliche Gespräche mit Ihnen auszutauschen, als sei nichts geschehen; umsomehr kann ich es nicht, als gerade diese Händedrücke und Gespräche, wie ich deutlich erkannt habe, eines Ihrer Hauptmittel sind, vermöge deren Sie unerlaubte Einwirkungen auf Ihre Schüler ausüben, und ich mich der auch von einem ausgezeichneten Mitgliede ausgesprochenen Ansicht nicht anschließen kann, diese Dinge seien dazu da, um die eigene Stärke gegenüber fremden Einflüssen zu erproben.
Ihnen diese Notwendigkeit, künftig eine persönliche Berührung zu vermeiden, mitzuteilen, ist der uns persönlich betreffende Zweck meines Schreibens.
Der persönliche Zweck meines Schreibens, soweit er Sie betrifft, ist der, daß ich in dieser schwerwiegenden Angelegenheit, so wenig ich auch tun kann, d.h. was ich als Ihr Nebenmensch leisten kann, doch wenigstens erreicht sehen möchte, indem ich diesen Brief an Sie sende, nämlich: Sie vor die Tatsache zu stellen, daß Sie einmal von einem Menschen auf dem physischen Plan mit physischen Mitteln auf das Böse in Ihrer Handlungsweise aufmerksam gemacht worden sind. Sie wären ja zur Schattenhaftigkeit verurteilt, wenn sich nicht ein Mensch in dieser Weise an Sie wenden wollte. Ich hoffe, daß die Tatsache, daß wenigstens einige Menschen heutzutage imstande sind, Ihre Fehler als solche zu erkennen, im Gedächtnis festzuhalten und dagegen Stellung zu nehmen, Ihnen bei der nun notwendig werdenden Neugestaltung des Lebens in unserer geistigen Bewegung behilflich sein kann. Ich werde auch einige andere Mitglieder, bei welchen ich ein Verständnis für die behandelten Dinge vermuten kann, von dem Inhalt meines Schreibens an Sie in Kenntnis setzen.
Es ist aber notwendig, daß Sie die Beziehung zwischen sich und anderen Mitgliedern der Bewegung sofort von Grund aus in der angegebenen Richtung umzugestalten beginnen. Das ausgesprochen zu haben ist der sachliche Zweck meines Schreibens an Sie im Interesse der Fortführung unserer geistigen Bewegung im Sinne der Evolution. Was würde die Folge sein, wenn Sie sich dieser Aufgabe entziehen wollten? Sie haben bereits zum mindesten in gewissen Fällen verwirkt die eine Tätigkeit, die Ihnen von den weißen Meistern doch wohl zugewiesen sein muß, die der persönlichen Einzelunterweisung. Denn nach dem Gesagten ist ein tiefes Mißtrauen in Ihre Behandlung menschlicher Einzelschicksale nur allzu begründet. Ich kann mir auch nicht denken, wie unter den obwaltenden Umständen eine E.S. [Esoterische Stunde] stattfinden könnte. Wenn Sie sich auf die Verkündigung von immer weiteren Teilen der Lehre beschränken, im übrigen aber alles so weiter gehen lassen würden, so würde entweder, wenn nicht genügend viele Mitglieder sich zu den hier nottuenden Erkenntnissen durchringen können, die Gesellschaft entarten und im allerbesten Falle ein exoterischer Verein werden, wozu ja auch neben den Entwicklungen zum Bösen und zur Verblödung schon gewisse Anzeichen vorhanden sind. Oder wenn die Schüler sich ihrer Verantwortung bewußt würden, würden dieselben nach und nach eine völlige Trennung zwischen Lehre und Lehrer zu vollziehen haben, und Sie hätten unter den hungernden und trauernden Jüngern als ein schuldiger und gequälter Amfortas an heiliger Stelle Ihres Amtes zu walten.
Ich bin am Schlusse desjenigen, was ich zur Zeit sagen will. Ich habe diese Erkenntnisse, die ich mir unter Anleitung des Siegelbewahrers der Gesellschaft für theosophische Art und Kunst, dessen Protektor Christian Rosenkreutz ist, erworben habe, noch nicht in die Form gießen können, die mir vorgeschwebt hat, weil die Widerstände für einen sich eben erst dem Banne Entstrickenden zur Zeit noch zu groß waren. Aber ich entschließe mich, den Brief abzusenden, da die Stunde es fordert.
Wenn ich mir nun überlege, mit welchen Gefühlen Sie diesen Brief aufnehmen werden, so bedrückt mich als besonders schwerwiegend die Frage, ob Sie den Weg zu Menschen finden werden, mit denen Sie diese Dinge durchleben und die notwendige Umwandlung beginnen können. Hier ist ein Gebiet, wo in unserer christlichen Zeit der Okkultist als solcher versagen muß und rein Mensch unter Menschen zu sein hat, wie ja auch der Christus Jesus auf Erden Dinge zu erleben hatte, die er als Gottnicht wissen konnte. Möchten Sie sich an diesen Geist um Hilfe wenden!
Heinrich Goesch
Gertrud Goesch
Nun, meine lieben Freunde, ich habe Ihnen dieses Schriftstück vorgelesen, weil es jeden einzelnen von Ihnen geradesogut angeht wie mich und weil es nach meiner Meinung selbstverständlich ist, daß jedem einzelnen von Ihnen ein Urteil zukommen muß darüber, wie weit diese Dinge den wirklichen Usancen in unserer Gesellschaft entsprechen. Es könnte sonst ja die Meinung entstehen, daß ich mich fürchten würde vor dem hier in dem Briefe erhobenen Vorwurf, zur «Verblödung» der Mitglieder zu wirken, und ich die Mitglieder nicht als so freie Mitglieder ansehen würde, daß ich jedem einzelnen sein unabhängiges Urteil in dieser Sache völlig überlasse.
Allein Sie werden einsehen, daß ein solcher Brief nicht in seiner Einzelheit genommen werden kann, sondern ein Symptom ist für dasjenige, was in unserer Gesellschaft waltet, und daher werde ich mich an der Diskussion über diesen Brief und über dasjenige, was zu geschehen hat, überhaupt nicht beteiligen. Es muß selbstverständlich zunächst den Mitgliedern überlassen sein, dasjenige zu tun und zu tun zu finden, was in dieser Angelegenheit notwendig ist. Deshalb möchte ich insbesondere nichts über den Passus sagen, in dem von Versprechungen, die nicht eingehalten werden, geredet wird. Denn wenn das Urteil jedem einzelnen anheimgestellt wird, so wird jeder einzelne auch wissen, wie es mit den Dingen steht; denn es muß jeder einzelne ja wissen, was ihm versprochen und nicht gehalten worden ist. Insofern muß ich erwarten und verlangen, daß die Gesellschaft als solche, die Gesellschaft, die um den Dornacher Bau herum wohnt, in der nächsten Zeit die bestimmteste Stellung zu dieser Angelegenheit nimmt. Ich werde mich an Diskussionen in dieser Sache absolut nicht beteiligen. Ich will nur einzelnes sagen und bitte Sie, das aufzufassen als dasjenige, was ich im Zusammenhang mit dem Vorgelesenen sagen muß, weil ja auch aus anderen Symptomen als nur aus diesem Briefe deutlich hervorgeht, daß gar mancherlei, was ich im Verlaufe der letzten Wochen und Monate hier innerhalb der verschiedenen Vorträge zu unseren Mitgliedern gesprochen habe, nichts genützt hat.
Zunächst möchte ich das Folgende betonen, meine lieben Freunde. Mein Recht, in dieser oder jener Weise meinen Verkehr mit den Mitgliedern zu regeln, kann ich mir von niemandem vorschreiben lassen. Es obliegt einzig und allein mir, zu bestimmen, in welcher Weise ich mit den Mitgliedern zu verkehren für nötig finde. Das ist nicht so zu betrachten wie etwas, was eine Richtschnur für Sie sein soll, sondern als etwas, was ich von mir aus ausspreche. Ich werde mir in keiner Art und von niemandem vorschreiben lassen, in welcher Weise ich mit den Mitgliedern zu verkehren habe, insofern sich der Verkehr auf die Unterlassungssünde, die ich gegenüber den Mitgliedern begangen haben soll, bezieht. Das hängt mit einer tiefen Notwendigkeit zusammen. Aus diesem Briefe, insbesondere aber auch aus mancherlei, das sonst in unserer Gesellschaft schon durch Jahre hindurch und in der letzten Zeit immer mehr und mehr zu Tage getreten ist, zeigte sich ja doch, daß sehr viele keine Vorstellung darüber gewinnen wollen, welche Verantwortung derjenige trägt, der okkulte Wahrheiten so ausspricht, daß er wirklich die Verantwortung dafür übernehmen will.
Was nötig ist, um manchmal einen einzigen Satz auszusprechen, davon scheinen sehr viele in unserer Gesellschaft sich denn doch keine Vorstellung machen zu wollen. Daß es neben der geistigen Vorarbeit, die notwendig ist, um einen Vortrag zu halten, nicht möglich ist, mit den verschiedenen Cliquen der Mitglieder etwa jede Nacht bis zwei Uhr zusammenzusitzen und über allerlei unnützes und überflüssiges Zeug zu schwätzen, das wird nicht in der richtigen Weise gewürdigt; manches andere auch noch nicht, was, wie es scheint, verlangt wird und was als Unterlassungssünde figuriert. Ich habe meine Zeit nötig, und ich habe sie noch in ganz anderer Weise nötig, als man verstehen zu wollen scheint. Wenn ich sie nicht so, wie ich es tue, anwenden würde, dann würden Sie von mir ebenso blödsinnige okkulte Anschauungen zu hören bekommen, wie man sie vielfach in der Welt zu hören bekommt. Soviel mit Bezug auf die Unterlassungssünden.
Ich weiß nicht, meine lieben Freunde, wie der Vorwurf, daß ich zu wenig christlich mit jedem einzelnen Mitgliede, mit jeder einzelnen Mitgliedergruppe, verkehre, sich zusammenreimt mit dem andern, daß ich mir nicht erlauben darf, ohne eine ungerechtfertigte, schwarzmagische Beeinflussung zu begehen, Sie in ein Gespräch zu ziehen oder einen Händedruck auszutauschen. Meinetwillen könnte ja mit Bezug auf diesen positiven Teil die Gesellschaft ihre Anschauung äußern. Denn es hängt selbstverständlich von dem einzelnen ab, ob er ein freundliches Gespräch mit mir führen oder einen Händedruck mit mir austauschen will. Wenn diese Ansicht beliebter werden sollte, so könnte es geäußert werden, damit solche Händedrucke für die zukünftige Zeit unterlassen werden selbstverständlich. Auf weiteres gehe ich, aus den gesagten Gründen, nicht ein; nur eines muß ich noch erwähnen, weil es charakteristisch ist.
Es wird in einem Passus dieses Briefes das Folgende gesagt: «Durch die geschilderten Geschehnisse sind meine Frau und ich Ihnen gegenüber in eine Lage gekommen, in welcher es unmöglich ist, daß wir uns noch einmal in der Weise begegnen, wie es das letzte Mal, für meine Frau am Sonntag, den 25. Juli in der Schreinerei, für mich am Donnerstag, den 5. August auf der Treppe zum Eurythmiesaal vorgekommen ist. Wir besaßen alle diese Erkenntnisse auch damals schon. Gleichwohl gaben Sie uns die Hand und zogen uns in ein Gespräch, als sei nichts geschehen. Dem gesunden Takt eines Nicht-Hellsehenden wäre dergleichen unmöglich gewesen. In Ihrem Falle erkenne ich in einer derartigen Handlungsweise den Versuch eines unzulässigen Eingriffs in meine Wesenheit.»
Ich will dazu nur erwähnen, daß am Freitag vor dem Sonntag, den 25. Juli, mir von einem unserer Mitglieder eine Anfrage von Frau Goesch in bezug auf ihr Kind gebracht worden ist, wobei mir gesagt wurde, daß das Kind heruntergefallen und sich irgendwie verletzt hätte. Daraufhin habe ich gesagt: Wenn eine Neigung dazu vorhanden ist, so kann ich sehen, was mit dem Kinde los ist. - Daraufhin brachte ein Mitglied unserer Gesellschaft Frau Goesch mit dem Kinde zu mir. Und dann folgte der Sonntag hier in der Schreinerei, wo ich den Eingriff in die Wesenheit von Frau Goesch begangen habe dadurch, daß ich Frau Goesch gefragt habe, wie es mit dem Kind gehe, und ihr dabei die Hand reichte. Die Begegnung am Donnerstag, den 5. August auf der Treppe zum Eurythmiesaal verlief so, daß ich zu Herrn Goesch auf seine Frage, ob das Kind, das ich eben vorher gesehen hatte - es stand nämlich unten an der Tür -, die Eurythmieübungen wieder mitmachen solle, sagte: Selbstverständlich solle die Sache nach dem Willen seiner Eltern behandelt werden, da ja der Wille der Eltern ganz einzig und allein in Betracht komme, ob man das Kind wiederum zur Eurythmie kommen lassen wolle oder nicht. - Ich habe dabei auch den Fehler gemacht, Herrn Goesch die Hand zu reichen. Das sind die beiden ungerechtfertigten, auf schwarzer Magie beruhenden Eingriffe in fremde Wesenheit.
Nun, meine lieben Freunde, hervorzuheben habe ich noch, daß am Schlusse dieses Schriftstückes steht: «Ich bin am Schlusse desjenigen, was ich zur Zeit sagen will. Ich habe diese Kenntnisse, die ich mir unter Anleitung des Siegelbewahrers der Gesellschaft für theosophische Art und Kunst, dessen Protektor Christian Rosenkreutz ist, erworben habe, noch nicht in die Form gießen können, die mir vorgeschwebt hat, weil die Widerstände für einen sich eben erst dem Banne Entstrickenden zur Zeit noch zu groß waren.»
Der sogenannte Siegelbewahrer ist, wie ich glaube, allen bekannt, und ich habe dazu nur zu bemerken, daß dieser Siegelbewahrer in den letzten Monaten eine Anzahl Briefe, zum Teil an mich, zum Teil an Frau Dr. Steiner, gerichtet hat. Ein Brief von diesem Siegelbewahrer ist auch noch heute bei Frau Dr. Steiner eingegangen.1Siehe Seite 126. Ich will für heute auf die Angelegenheit des Siegelbewahrers nicht weiter eingehen und möchte nur darauf hindeuten, daß diese Briefe des Siegelbewahrers in mysteriöser Weise zu Weihnachten begannen.
Nun, meine lieben Freunde, dasjenige, was ich vielleicht dazu zu sagen haben werde, das möchte ich wirklich nicht heute sagen. Ich möchte, daß Sie unbeeinflußt zu einem Urteile kommen. Allerdings ist es fast unmöglich, den mysteriösen Zusammenhang dieses Schriftstückes mit dem Siegelbewahrer zu kennen und keine weiteren Mitteilungen zu machen. Aber es ist vielleicht doch nicht gut, dies heute schon zu tun oder irgend etwas in dieser Richtung heute schon zu sagen. Erwähnen möchte ich aber doch das: Es ist einmal zur Herbsteszeit verkündigt worden, daß, weil gewisse unmögliche Symptome in unserer Gesellschaft sich zeigten, es notwendig geworden sei, eine gewisse engere Gesellschaft noch zu begründen, wobei ich zunächst versucht habe, einer Anzahl von nahestehenden und in der Gesellschaft längere Zeit lebenden Persönlichkeiten gewisse Titel zuzuschreiben, indem ich von ihnen voraussetzte, daß sie im Sinne dieser Titel selbständig wirken würden. Ich habe dazumal gesagt: Wenn etwas geschehen soll, so werden die Mitglieder bis zum Dreikönigstage etwas hören. — Es hat keines etwas zu hören bekommen, und daraus geht hervor, daß die Gesellschaft für theosophische Art und Kunst überhaupt nicht besteht. Das ist eigentlich selbstverständlich, da niemandem eine Mitteilung gemacht worden ist, so wie es selbstverständlich gewesen wäre, daß die Mitteilung ergangen wäre, wenn die Sache realisiert worden wäre. Die Art und Weise, wie die Sache aufgefaßt worden ist, machte sie unmöglich. Es war ein Versuch.
Meine lieben Freunde, ich habe öfters darüber gesprochen, daß die Gesellschaft einen Sinn haben muß als Gesellschaft, wenn sie überhaupt irgendeinen Sinn haben soll. Um okkulte Lehren vorzutragen, könnte man auch andere Einrichtungen machen. Ich habe darauf hingewiesen, daß, wenn in unserer Gesellschaft gewisse Symptome weiter hervortreten, es unerläßlich sein wird, eine andere Form zu finden, weil dann diese Form, wie sie eingerichtet ist, nicht geht. Ich habe demjenigen, was in der Theosophischen Gesellschaft von dieser oder jener Seite herrschte, dadurch zu entgehen versucht, daß ich die Anthroposophische Gesellschaft begründete, bei der ich nicht Mitglied sein will, weil das notwendig ist für das, was ich für die geistige Bewegung zu tun habe.
Unsere Gesellschaft wird auch von außen viel angegriffen, und selbstverständlich wird auch derjenige angegriffen, der in dieser Gesellschaft Lehren vorzutragen hat. Daraus müßte unseren tätigen Mitgliedern die Pflicht erwachsen, die Sache zu verteidigen, wenn sie den Gesellschaftsbegriff in ernstem und würdigem Sinne auffassen. Aber Schmähschriften gehässigster Art sind erschienen, die zum Teil die unglaublichsten Verleumdungen enthalten, und ich überlasse es jedem, zu beurteilen, ob unser Gesellschaftsbegriff von allen, die tätig etwas tun könnten, so aufgefaßt worden ist, wie es notwendig wäre, wenn die Gesellschaft gegenüber diesen Attacken von außen bestehen soll.
Meine lieben Freunde, es ist nicht tunlich und nicht möglich, daß derjenige, der dafür etwas tun will, daß unsere Gesellschaft bestehen könne, vor allen Dingen - wie es seit Jahren und Monaten wirklich vorgekommen ist — zunächst den Weg einschlägt, daß er zu mir kommt und sich mit mir darüber besprechen will, was er zu meiner Verteidigung und zur Verteidigung unserer Sache zu tun hätte. Das sollte unter allen Umständen unterbleiben. Denn dadurch würde es vollständig zur Wahrheit, daß im Grunde genommen die Leute hier nur an ihren Platz hingestellt werden, daß ihnen ihr Platz zugeteilt wird. Ich muß die Selbständigkeit der Mitglieder respektieren, leider auch oftmals so, daß ich ihnen etwas versage; und es ist wirklich so nach dem, wie es bisher der Fall gewesen ist —, daß ich wahrhaftig vieles tun könnte, wenn ich nicht für mancherlei Dinge in Anspruch genommen würde, für die ein In-Anspruch-Nehmen nicht nötig wäre. Es ist wirklich, mindestens für dasjenige, was zugunsten und zum Besten unserer Gesellschaft geschehen sollte, ein Unding, sich erst mit mir über solche Dinge verständigen zu wollen. Denn wenn dasjenige geschehen soll für die Gesellschaft, was ich tun will, dann bitte ich mir die Zeit zu lassen, es selber zu tun. Der Begriff der Gesellschaft kann nicht darin bestehen, daß man sich immer an einen einzelnen wendet, sondern daß man das, was für die Gesellschaft zu tun ist, aus eigener Initiative heraus tut.
Deshalb auch, meine lieben Freunde, ist diese Episode heute als eine wichtige und wesentliche anzusehen. Deshalb habe ich das Schriftstück vorgelesen, das im Grunde genommen ja nur ein einzelnes Symptom ist für manches, was da und dort glimmt, und ich werde ruhig abwarten, was Sie, als Mitglieder der Gesellschaft, tun werden. Ich werde mittlerweile meine Pflicht tun; wir werden morgen unser Programm so haben, wie wir es sonst hatten. Aber es ist selbstverständlich, daß alles weitere davon abhängen wird, was die Gesellschaft zu dem, was sie heute gehört hat, für eine Stellung nimmt und was nicht als irgend etwas einzelnes zu betrachten ist, sondern als etwas, was gewissermaßen fundamental manches berührt, auf was ich schon hingewiesen habe in den mancherlei Auseinandersetzungen, die ich seit Monaten gegeben habe.
Nach diesen Ausführungen Rudolf Steiners fand eine Diskussion statt, bei der nicht mitstenographiert wurde. Dabei müssen wohl auch Stimmen zur Verteidigung laut geworden sein, so daß nach der Erinnerung einer Teilnehmerin Rudolf Steiner mit Marie Steiner den Saal verließ mit den Worten: «Mit solch einer Gesellschaft kann ich nichts mehr zu tun haben!» Die große Mehrheit der Anwesenden dürfte sich dieser Situation geschämt haben und verfaßte noch am gleichen Abend folgende Vertrauensadresse:
Dornach, den 21. August 1915
Hochverehrter Herr Doktor Steiner!
Wir Mitglieder der Anthroposophischen Gesellschaft möchten Ihnen unsern berechtigten Zorn, unsere Entrüstung und das Gefühl der Scham zum Ausdrucke bringen dürfen darüber, daß eine solch verlogene, unmoralische Gesinnung, wie sie in dem Briefe des Herrn Heinrich Goesch zutage tritt, es gewagt hat, Herrn Doktor gegenüber sich zu äußern in dieser von dem verwerflichsten Größenwahn diktierten Form.
Wir müssen uns schmerzliche Vorwürfe machen, daß wir es nicht verstanden haben, das Geschehene rechtzeitig zu verhindern und daß wir uns bis jetzt unfähig erwiesen, einen Lebenskreis zu schaffen, in dem Gedanken und Gefühle, wie sie der Brief zeigt, unmöglich gewesen wären.
Wir bitten unsern geliebten, verehrten Lehrer uns vergeben zu wollen, sein Vertrauen uns nicht zu nehmen oder doch wieder zu schenken, weil wir ernst entschlossen sind, den Begriff der Anthroposophischen Gesellschaft besser zu verwirklichen und uns unserer Verantwortlichkeit in Zukunft mehr bewußt zu sein.
Es ist selbstverständlich, daß wir Fräulein Alice Sprengel, Herrn Heinrich und Frau Gertrud Goesch mit ihrer Gesinnung nicht mehr als zu uns gehörig betrachten wollen.
Wir bitten Sie, verehrter Herr Doktor, unsere Unterschriften als Zusicherung unseres unbegrenzten und unwandelbaren Vertrauens und unserer innigen Dankbarkeit hinzunehmen.
Michael Bauer [Mitglied des Zentralvorstandes] und über 300 Unterschriften.
Diese Adresse war der rein menschliche spontane Ausdruck der Verbundenheit der Unterzeichner mit Rudolf Steiner. Das Sachliche der Situation kommt in den Ausführungen Rudolf Steiners zum Ausdruck. Die Schwierigkeit für die Mitglieder in der Beurteilung der Situation wurde von einem Arzt, Dr. Amann, in einem klinischen Beitrag (Basel, 14. September 1914) wie folgt beleuchtet:
«... Unter den Mitgliedern ist die Meinung immer noch vorherrschend: Dr. Goesch sei nicht geisteskrank, er sei nur beeinflußt!
Nicht wahr, wenn jemand Fieber hat oder schläfrig ist, so ist das sehr leicht zu konstatieren von jedermann; ungeheuer schwer hingegen ist es, Geisteskrankheit zu diagnostizieren, selbst für den wissenschaftlichen Fachmann, insofern es sich nicht um ein Extrem in der Stufenleiter handelt.
Aus dem, was man hört (weshalb viele Mitglieder nicht begreifen können, daß Dr. G. geisteskrank ist), fließt die Empfindung, daß man sich irrige Vorstellungen macht über die Art der Krankheit, man meint: Geisteskranke müssen Idioten sein und könnten nicht intelligent schreiben.
Ein Idiot ist ein schwachsinniger Mensch, welcher mit seiner Gehirnträgheit gar nichts denken kann; er ist verblödet, soweit es nicht organische Krankheitsursachen sind, die ihn evtl. erst sekundär zum Idioten machten. Gerade das Gegenteil ist der Fall beim eigentlichen Geisteskranken. Hier liegt Trübsinn vor: getrübte Logik! Wohl zu unterscheiden ist diese Kategorie vom Wahnsinn; Wahnsinnige sind gefährlich!
Der Trübsinnige büßt absolut nichts ein an der Qualität seines Intellekts, er steigert sogar die Geistesfähigkeit, aber ist ein unermüdlicher Geistesarbeiter, er arbeitet denkerisch ungeheuer viel, arbeitet Tag und Nacht. Das ist das Kranke darin, daß er sich in die eigenen fixen Ideengänge verbohrt, sich darin selbst hypnotisiert und keiner fremden Kritik zugänglich zeigt. Im Verborgenen leiden quasi diese Menschen unter ihren quälenden Gedanken so lange, bis sie ihre Gedanken ausgeboren der Öffentlichkeit übergeben können. Es lebt der Drang in ihnen: produktiv und wichtig zu sein und es zu zeigen.»
Rudolf Steiner ging in Fortsetzung seiner Ausführungen vom 21. August am nächsten Abend, dem 22. August 1915, wie folgt weiter auf den Fall ein:
Today I must include an episode, albeit of a different nature than yesterday's. This morning I received a document, and I feel not only compelled but obliged to bring this document to the attention of every single member. I will explain later why I feel not only compelled but compelled, indeed forced, to do so.
Heinrich and Gertrud Goesch to Rudolf Steiner
Dornach, August 19, 1915
Dear Dr. Steiner!
I have recognized that in your work in our spiritual movement, alongside your activities dedicated to good, you also engage in actions that serve evil. I recognize as good above all the esotericism you have brought us, the teachings you have proclaimed to us, the mystery plays you have given us, the inauguration of eurythmy, and the art of the Johannesbau. In all these respects, I continue to see you as an emissary of the great white lodge and feel deeply grateful to you and your activities dedicated to good. However, I recognize as evil the way in which you shape the relationship between yourself and the other members of our spiritual movement. In this way of acting that serves evil, I see the greatest danger for our spiritual movement. You establish such relationships between yourself and the other members that the others are to be only members of your organization, not independent spiritual beings alongside you. You behave toward the others only superficially as a human being among human beings. In truth, you actually spurn any truly human connection and instead presume to interfere in the lives of others, which is the prerogative of the gods, but never of a human being today. In this way, you create an anti-Christian connection between yourself and the other members of our spiritual movement. And all those people who have matured enough to receive the great spiritual teachings of our time, you make poorer than the poorest materialist outside. For the latter can still develop a strong ego with his Christianity turned into its opposite. But if things continue like this, your students will sooner or later become victims of black magic due to the constant weakening of their ego caused by your actions. It has already happened that distinguished members have replaced the call to truth with the call to your word and cut off any criticism of any part of your work with the objection that such criticism would place them above you. Out of the feeling that placing oneself above you is an outrageous presumption, they believe that such an objection has settled the matter in an appropriate manner. It is not the members who are to blame for such aberrations, but you. In proclaiming ever more parts of the teaching, you have neglected to continually cultivate in the community of life with your disciples the attitude that every human being as a Christian must again and again place himself not only among everyone else, but also above everyone else; that for everyone, not only is the deepest essence of even their least significant fellow human being of irreplaceable value, but also that even the least significant person bears responsibility for the most developed and must combat their mistakes. It is your own teaching that has strengthened me in these views. In life, however, you employ a series of means that work against this Christian ideal of a human community.
I will now discuss two such means in more detail. This may make the meaning of my assertions clearer.
It is a fact that you have made a habit of making promises and not keeping them. No one would claim that you are unable to foresee the future adequately or that you are too weak to carry out your original intentions, so that you could, with a certain degree of justification, repeatedly evade fulfilling your promises. It is therefore a matter of deliberately causing disappointment, and since the promises, even where they are not requested, are made by you of your own accord, it is a matter of deliberately intruding into other people's lives in order to do something within them that must remain the preserve of fate alone. A disappointment sent to us by karma will be directly beneficial to our development. A disappointment that a person deliberately causes us, however, will initially be a serious injury and, if trust in the person who caused the injury is not withdrawn, will weaken our ego. It is the same difference as between death in a conflagration and death on a pyre built by human hands.
The person who receives such a promise and waits for it to be fulfilled will, because of the trust they place in you, find themselves in a state of tension that makes them feel insecure, while you can calmly observe their gradual disappointment. If, at some point, it becomes clear to the person concerned that you will not keep your promise, they will either no longer take such words from you seriously in the future and thus separate themselves from you. However, by continuing to place their trust in you as a whole, they will lose the standard for the sanctity of the word and perhaps begin to act similarly themselves. They will be connected to you in an inhuman way and, like you, seek to influence others. Or one of the following three cases will occur. Based on the trust he has in you, the person concerned will suspect a deep occult meaning behind your actions. He will indulge in the opinion that there are deep occult reasons why it is permissible or even necessary to make promises with the intention of not keeping them. Here and there one even encounters such an aberration of feeling that such behavior is admired and regarded as a sign of superhumanity. But it is easy to see that no power in the world could give a person today the authority to make promises in order not to keep them. Causing disappointment is solely the business of the gods who direct karma. The aforementioned confusion of concepts is all the more dangerous for the spiritual student because modern spiritual science appeals precisely to sound judgment, which is undermined by such thinking. Then, in a fateful way, your word takes the place of truth, and the realization that you are doing something wrong is replaced by the thought: I cannot put myself above him. As a result, however, one piece of inner human dignity after another crumbles away in the person concerned, and he becomes a spiritually dependent tool in your hands. A second possibility for the person who has been deceived about the fulfillment of the promise is that, in order to maintain his trust in you, the fact that you had no intention of keeping your promise from the outset is not brought to consciousness, and a way out is found by accepting the subsequent failure to keep the promise as a new revelation of a being that one does not perceive as human at all or cannot hold responsible as a human being. This view is also held within society and must inevitably lead to you becoming increasingly shadowy and obscure as a human being. Or finally, thirdly, in some souls the radical solution is chosen, namely to forget the entire facts of the case, that you ever made a promise of this kind. This in turn robs the person of a part of their ego, and it is not independent co-workers in our spiritual movement who stand beside you, but shadows weakened in their ego by you. But it is you who bears the blame for all this.
A second example of your evil behavior is your rejection of any criticism of the people active in the movement. In your rejection, you occasionally make the assumption that any such criticism is based on negative feelings. This assumption is false. We are not talking here about spiteful, destructive criticism, but only about responsible, positive criticism, which many members are indeed capable of. Such criticism could only be shunned if one were aware that leading positions were occupied by unsuitable personalities. In today's world, in which a hierarchical order is to arise from the free coming together of people out of their freedom in order to fulfill our tasks, a certain benevolent criticism, practiced by everyone against everyone else, is the sole guarantee of prosperity. In our time, the natural establishment of a true hierarchical order can only take place through the work of such criticism. If the person being criticized does not comply with the justified demands of the criticism, which he is obliged to seek out, then he must give up his previous position in the hierarchy so that truth may prevail. And no higher authority should protect such a person by acting as if everything were all right. This is a consequence of the nature of the present age. But if, when someone in a certain position in the hierarchical order makes mistakes, these mistakes are not criticized, but are quietly tolerated and even allowed to continue, then one is only creating a hierarchy in name only. Such a hierarchy is not based on true human qualities and connections, but on fictions, fictions that require ever new injustices to maintain them. And once again, the result is inhumanity and anti-Christianity in all relationships. You are to blame for this. Through the organization of society that has gradually developed among you, there is a usurpation of the powers of the members in favor of you and perhaps certain others in high positions in this pseudo-hierarchy, while the affairs of society are poorly managed.
What must be eliminated, and what could be the subject of a lecture, is the personal sensitivity of those affected by criticism. As a rule, criticism, especially when it is offered at the right time, can be made so stimulating and enjoyable, and free of personal bitterness, that any sting disappears and the person being criticized can be glad to receive help in this way and to see the matter promoted. However, the nervousness or animosity of critics that is so prevalent today stems in part from the justified feeling that even the most appropriate criticism is not heard, but rather viewed with suspicion and completely ignored. A truly superior person has no reason to fear criticism. True superiority proves itself even in the face of the harshest criticism. In cases where a critic who wants to act out of a sense of responsibility is in fact unable to grasp the situation, this can usually be made clear to them immediately or later, easily and without unnecessary loss of time. I am disregarding here the case in which criticism has already developed into such a well-founded rejection of an entire system standing before me, as my letter represents. In this case, no postponement would change anything. However, if in a specific case, a person whom I myself recognize as superior, and not just a personality placed above me in the apparent hierarchy for inscrutable reasons, indicates to me that I am not yet able to grasp the case in question, I will gladly postpone my criticism until the case in question has been sufficiently concluded. However, under your auspices, a spirit prevails in our spiritual movement which demands that criticism be postponed indefinitely – usually until the fact in question has been forgotten, not only for certain individual cases, but in principle for all cases. On the one hand, this actually causes a great deal of harm to everyone, and on the other hand, it damages the power of judgment, on which everything depends. I must again point out the contradiction that lies in the fact that spiritual science, on the one hand, appeals to people's sound power of judgment, but on the other hand, this very power of judgment is, in principle, relegated to incomprehensible, unclear reasons for measures in the vast majority of events in our movement. However, we must admit that today, two millennia after Christ, human beings already possess certain standards that everyone must apply and allow to be applied to themselves if they are not to be lost, and that there are indeed sufficiently complete facts that are truly subject to our judgment. The very fact that a person feels compelled to think about a case usually indicates that they also have the ability, albeit perhaps not without support, to come to terms with the matter.
As things stand now, a large part of the mental energy of the members is constantly and intensely occupied with the fruitless work of seeking the hidden wise reasons for the evil in your actions and those of your highest associates, a display of power that you can calmly observe. Or else these people must decide, in order not to lose faith in you, to dampen these very forces of truth-seeking within themselves and thus fall prey to a partial stupefaction. But where do all these forces remain? It is gruesome to pursue this thought further. In any case, you represent a great center of power, for which all the individuals are merely organs that you use at will for inscrutable purposes. So our spiritual movement is not a real life taking place among full human beings, in which everyone is allowed to give their best. You are not the friend of all members, but through your entire behavior you reject any living friendship. In truth, you are for many the strongest enemy they have ever encountered.
All the things described are not only objectively evil, but are even in direct contradiction to the teachings you proclaim. Through you, I have been taught the reasons that lead me to reject this course of action. It seems that the longer you go on, the more you express your connection with the Christ impulse only in your lectures, while outside of them you worship opposing impulses. Indeed, in some places, your teaching seems to me to be somewhat tainted by the practice you otherwise follow, not in terms of content, but in terms of formal structure. There are already sentences whose structure promises something without then delivering it, and whose sole purpose can be to make the reader engage in fruitless mental labor. (Thoughts during the War, page 9, line 12 from the bottom £.f.) Or you seek to ward off annoying criticism by pointing out that you, like every living person, have actually changed your views over time (Riddles of Philosophy, preface, last paragraph). Incidentally, both of these passages also show a clear stylistic shift toward the incomprehensible.
But it is not only the teaching itself that contradicts such a position of person to person as you establish; in particular, your behavior also directly contradicts what you demand of the spiritual teacher in our time. The latter should only address conscious people. He has taken on the duty toward his student not to exert any magical effects on his subconscious that are uncontrollable for the student without his will. But you do just that through the described course of action and other occult means. Every handshake, every friendly conversation becomes a means for you to cultivate these false relationships. The bliss that fills the members after an encounter with you is not that of the communion of saints, but merely a Luciferic-Ahrimanic one. You yourself, not the members, are to blame for this. Even members who have already seen through the falseness of the relationship you are striving for, you try to draw back into it against their will with handshakes and friendly conversations. I have recognized with absolute certainty that in this way you are exerting unjustified influences on your students.
However, in order to exclude uncontrollable influences on the subconscious, as is necessary in today's world, it is not enough to give lectures or inaugurate other new spiritual practices; it is also necessary that you place your own life, as you live it together with the other members of our movement, under Christian impulses and thus progress toward such relationships with your students as you so beautifully portray in Benedictus in the fourth mystery. At present, even after so much teaching has been conveyed to us, this is by far the more urgent duty.
When I ask myself how it can be possible that you, of all people, who had to proclaim the teaching, are acting in this way against it, two main answers come to mind. On the one hand, I can guess the reasons why the great white lodge had to choose a person who had not yet been Christianized for this task, and I can still consider you, as the bringer of the teaching, to be its emissary. On the other hand, it seems to me that the deepest motive at work in you is by no means active malice, as might be mistakenly interpreted from some observations I have had to make, but rather an overly one-sided interest in the contemporary renewal of the teachings and, above all, a fear of true life. However, in your avoidance and prevention of real life and in your creation of surrogates for it, you are already developing a force of evil in which I must see the greatest danger for our spiritual movement and also for yourself.
The Christian occultist can never be content with merely teaching, but must at the same time enter into a community of life with his students. In the true relationship between human beings in the Christian sense, it is absolutely necessary that each person allow himself to be seen by the other, as far as his powers permit. Everyone should give themselves to their neighbor with everything they have, as far as the neighbor can receive it. A modern hierarchy must also be based on this principle. Those higher up in the hierarchy must devote themselves to those lower down with everything they can possibly give. But they follow the opposite practice in an anti-Christian way and, for example, arrange everything so that intentions remain hidden and events are treated as if they had not happened. It is not enough to admit that one can have a moment of weakness. It is necessary not only to admit, but also to continually confirm as a human being that one is in some way imperfect and has something to learn from everyone else, who, in the Christian sense, is just as necessary as oneself. It is necessary to seek this coexistence with one's neighbor, even if the occultist of older observance may dread it. It is not enough to have guarded oneself against blind admiration. It is necessary to seek appropriate criticism.
Thus, in this community of life, the spiritual teacher must renounce all the aids that served in pre-Christian times to help the disciples accept the teaching, above all the unapproachable authority of the teacher, filled with divine wisdom, over the disciples, in whom the ego was not yet born, and the separation of teacher and disciple from all human relationships. For the pre-Christian initiator, the problem I am pointing out here did not yet exist. The ego had not yet been born, and the divine being working through the teacher had the power to intervene in the destiny of the students in a way that otherwise only karma does. But we Christians must regard today's initiates first and foremost as human beings, and our trust in them is based precisely on the fact that they do not intervene in our destiny in a superhuman way.
For those who devote all their energy to renewing the teaching for our time, the temptation is now great to reject the difficult tasks of a Christian community of life and instead to artificially create for themselves, in every possible way, those facilitations of teaching that were natural in ancient times. But these things are evil in our time. And it would be more acceptable for the proclaimer of the teaching to remain invisible, apart from this proclamation, than for a teacher in our time to enter into such a relationship with his students as you do. Much more important than the proclamation of the teaching is the preservation and strengthening of the ego of the students. The teaching now addresses the ego. Any diminution of the rights of the ego must also result in an incorrect rooting of the teaching within the human being. Any clouding of the power of judgment endangers the one striving for the spirit to the highest degree.
However, in one respect, this right way of life is infinitely more difficult for you than for others. The Christian occultist must take on a task that will only come to other people in the future: to live and to see. The danger of falsely mixing the different plans and their laws constantly hangs over him. But he cannot escape this danger by rejecting this task. Without being able to orient himself to the Christ impulse, he will nevertheless mix the plans in an impermissible way. And in every such encounter with a disciple in which this happens, the disciple will be able to recognize the most gruesome consequences. And how soon must these fall back on the teacher!
This new task has perhaps only been solved to some extent within the Grail community, and you admit that what you have said about the Grail is somewhat unsatisfactory for you yourself, and you have clearly described to us your difficulties in researching the secrets of the Grail. But you yourself call the new initiates initiates of the Grail. Perhaps the Grail will send us salvation in this difficult hour.
Due to the events described, my wife and I have found ourselves in a situation where it is impossible for us to meet again in the way that happened last time, for my wife on Sunday, July 25, in the carpentry workshop, and for me on Thursday, August 5, on the stairs to the eurythmy hall. We were already aware of all this at the time, and you knew it very well. Nevertheless, you shook our hands and engaged us in conversation as if nothing had happened. Such behavior would have been impossible for a person with healthy tact who is not clairvoyant. In your case, I recognize such behavior as an attempt to interfere with my being in an unacceptable manner. I will omit the detailed reasoning behind this assertion here, as it would lead too far afield.
As I attempted to do that evening, I can greet you from a distance with all due respect as the bearer of the teaching. But I cannot bring myself to exchange handshakes and friendly conversations with you as if nothing had happened; all the more so because I have clearly recognized that these handshakes and conversations are one of your main means of exerting unauthorized influence on your students, and I cannot agree with the view expressed by an eminent member that these things are there to test one's own strength against foreign influences.
To inform you of this necessity to avoid personal contact in the future is the purpose of my letter as it concerns us personally.
The personal purpose of my letter, as far as it concerns you, is that, in this serious matter, however little I can do, i.e., what I can achieve as your fellow human being, I would at least like to see achieved by sending you this letter, namely: to confront you with the fact that you have once been made aware of the evil in your actions by a human being on the physical plane using physical means. You would be doomed to obscurity if no one were willing to address you in this way. I hope that the fact that at least some people today are able to recognize your mistakes as such, to remember them, and to take a stand against them, can help you in the now necessary restructuring of life in our spiritual movement. I will also inform some other members, whom I believe to have an understanding of the matters discussed, of the content of my letter to you.
However, it is necessary that you immediately begin to fundamentally restructure the relationship between yourself and other members of the movement in the direction indicated. To express this is the objective purpose of my letter to you in the interest of continuing our spiritual movement in the spirit of evolution. What would be the consequence if you were to evade this task? You have already forfeited, at least in certain cases, the one activity that must surely have been assigned to you by the white masters, namely that of personal individual instruction. For, according to what has been said, there is all too good reason for deep mistrust in your handling of individual human destinies. Nor can I imagine how, under the prevailing circumstances, an E.S. [esoteric hour] could take place. If you were to limit yourself to proclaiming ever more parts of the teaching, but otherwise let everything continue as before, then either, if not enough members can bring themselves to accept the necessary insights, the Society would degenerate and, in the best case, become an exoteric association, for which there are already certain signs, in addition to the developments toward evil and stupidity. Or, if the students became aware of their responsibility, they would gradually have to carry out a complete separation between teaching and teacher, and you would have to perform your duties in a sacred place among the starving and grieving disciples as a guilty and tormented Amfortas.
I am at the end of what I want to say at present. I have not yet been able to give form to these insights, which I have acquired under the guidance of the seal keeper of the Society for Theosophical Art and Science, whose protector is Christian Rosenkreutz, because the resistance was still too great for someone who had only just broken free from the spell. But I have decided to send the letter, as the hour demands it.
When I consider the feelings with which you will receive this letter, I am particularly troubled by the question of whether you will find people with whom you can experience these things and begin the necessary transformation. This is an area where, in our Christian age, the occultist as such must fail and be purely human among humans, just as Christ Jesus had to experience things on earth that he, as God, could not know. May you turn to this spirit for help!
Heinrich Goesch
Gertrud Goesch
Now, my dear friends, I have read this document to you because it concerns each and every one of you just as much as it concerns me, and because, in my opinion, it is only natural that each and every one of you should form your own opinion as to how far these things correspond to the actual customs of our society. Otherwise, the impression might arise that I am afraid of the accusation made in this letter that I am working to “dumb down” the members, and that I do not regard the members as free enough to allow each individual to make their own independent judgment in this matter.
However, you will understand that such a letter cannot be taken at face value, but is symptomatic of what is happening in our society, and therefore I will not participate in the discussion about this letter and what should be done. It must, of course, be left to the members to do and decide what is necessary in this matter. For this reason, I do not wish to comment in particular on the passage that refers to promises that have not been kept. For if the judgment is left to each individual, then each individual will also know how things stand; for each individual must know what has been promised and not kept. In this respect, I must expect and demand that the society as such, the society that lives around the Dornach building, take the most definite position on this matter in the near future. I will absolutely not participate in discussions on this matter. I will only say a few things and ask you to understand them as what I must say in connection with what has been read aloud, because it is clear from other symptoms as well as from this letter that many of the things I have said to our members in the course of the last weeks and months in various lectures have been of no use.
First of all, my dear friends, I would like to emphasize the following. No one can dictate to me my right to regulate my dealings with the members in this or that way. It is solely up to me to determine how I deem it necessary to deal with the members. This should not be regarded as something that should serve as a guideline for you, but rather as something that I am expressing on my own initiative. I will not allow anyone to dictate to me in any way how I am to interact with the members, insofar as this interaction relates to the sin of omission that I am said to have committed against the members. This is connected with a profound necessity. From this letter, but especially from various other things that have become increasingly apparent in our society over the years and especially in recent times, it has become clear that very many people do not want to understand the responsibility that someone who speaks about occult truths in such a way that he really wants to take responsibility for them bears.
Many in our society seem unwilling to imagine what it takes to utter a single sentence. The fact that, in addition to the mental preparation necessary to give a lecture, it is not possible to sit together with the various cliques of members until two o'clock every night, chatting about all kinds of useless and superfluous things, is not properly appreciated; nor are many other things that, it seems, are demanded and are considered sins of omission. I need my time, and I need it in a completely different way than people seem to want to understand. If I did not use it as I do, you would hear from me just as many nonsensical occult views as one often hears in the world. So much for sins of omission.
I do not know, my dear friends, how the accusation that I am not sufficiently Christian in my dealings with each individual member, with each individual group of members, can be reconciled with the other accusation that I am not allowed to engage in conversation with you or exchange a handshake without committing an unjustified act of black magic. For my sake, the Society could express its opinion with regard to this positive aspect. For it depends, of course, on the individual whether he wants to have a friendly conversation with me or exchange a handshake with me. If this view were to become more popular, it could be expressed so that such handshakes would be omitted in the future, of course. For the reasons stated, I will not go into further detail; I must mention one more thing, however, because it is characteristic.
The following is stated in a passage of this letter: "Due to the events described, my wife and I have found ourselves in a situation where it is impossible for us to meet again in the same way as last time, which was on Sunday, July 25, for my wife in the carpentry workshop, and on Thursday, August 5, for me on the stairs to the eurythmy hall. We were already aware of all this at the time. Nevertheless, you shook our hands and engaged us in conversation as if nothing had happened. Such behavior would have been impossible for a person with common sense who is not clairvoyant. In your case, I recognize in such behavior an attempt to interfere in my being in an unacceptable manner."
I would just like to mention that on the Friday before Sunday, July 25, one of our members brought me a request from Mrs. Goesch regarding her child, telling me that the child had fallen and somehow injured itself. I replied that if there was a tendency to do so, I could see what was wrong with the child. A member of our society then brought Mrs. Goesch and her child to me. And then came Sunday here in the carpentry workshop, where I committed the intrusion into Mrs. Goesch's being by asking her how the child was doing and shaking her hand. The encounter on Thursday, August 5, on the stairs to the eurythmy hall went as follows: when Mr. Goesch asked me whether the child I had just seen – who was standing at the door – should resume the eurythmy exercises, I replied: Of course, the matter should be dealt with according to the wishes of its parents, since it is solely up to the parents to decide whether or not they want the child to come to eurythmy again. I also made the mistake of shaking Mr. Goesch's hand. These are the two unjustified interventions in another person's being, based on black magic.
Now, my dear friends, I must emphasize that at the end of this document it says: "I am at the end of what I want to say at this time. I have not yet been able to mold this knowledge, which I acquired under the guidance of the seal keeper of the Society for Theosophical Art and Science, whose protector is Christian Rosenkreutz, into the form I had in mind, because the resistance was still too great at that time for someone who had only just broken free from the spell."
I believe that everyone is familiar with the so-called keeper of the seal, and I have only to remark that this keeper of the seal has sent a number of letters in recent months, some to me and some to Dr. Steiner. A letter from this keeper of the seal was also received by Dr. Steiner today. 1See page 126. I do not wish to go into the matter of the keeper of the seal any further today, but would just like to point out that these letters from the keeper of the seal began mysteriously at Christmas.
Well, my dear friends, what I might have to say about this, I really do not want to say today. I would like you to come to a judgment without being influenced. However, it is almost impossible to know the mysterious connection between this document and the keeper of the seal and not to make any further statements. But perhaps it is not a good idea to do so today or to say anything in this direction today. However, I would like to mention this: It was once announced in the fall that, because certain impossible symptoms were appearing in our society, it had become necessary to establish a certain closer society, whereby I first attempted to assign certain titles to a number of close associates who had been living in the society for a long time, assuming that they would act independently in accordance with these titles. At the time, I said: If something is to happen, the members will hear something by Epiphany. — No one heard anything, and it is clear from this that the society for theosophical art and culture does not exist at all. This is actually self-evident, since no one was informed, just as it would have been self-evident that the information would have been communicated if the matter had been realized. The way in which the matter was understood made it impossible. It was an experiment.
My dear friends, I have often spoken about the fact that the society must have a purpose as a society if it is to have any purpose at all. Other institutions could also be established to present occult teachings. I have pointed out that if certain symptoms continue to emerge in our society, it will be essential to find another form, because then this form, as it is established, will not work. I have tried to escape what prevailed in the Theosophical Society on this or that side by founding the Anthroposophical Society, of which I do not want to be a member, because that is necessary for what I have to do for the spiritual movement. Our Society is also attacked a lot from outside, and of course those who have to present teachings in this Society are also attacked. This should give rise to a duty on the part of our active members to defend the cause if they take the concept of society seriously and with dignity. But hateful pamphlets have appeared, some of which contain the most unbelievable slander, and I leave it to everyone to judge whether our concept of society has been understood by all those who could do something active in the way that would be necessary if the society is to survive these attacks from outside. My dear friends, it is neither feasible nor possible for those who want to do something to ensure that our society can survive to first come to me and discuss with me what they should do to defend me and our cause, as has actually been the case for years and months. This should be avoided at all costs. For this would make it completely true that, basically, people here are only put in their place, that their place is assigned to them. I must respect the independence of the members, unfortunately often to the extent that I deny them something; and it is really the case, as it has been up to now, that I could truly do a great deal if I were not called upon for all sorts of things that do not need to be called upon. It is really absurd, at least for what should be done for the benefit and best interests of our society, to want to consult with me about such things first. For if what I want to do for society is to be done, then I ask to be given the time to do it myself. The concept of society cannot consist in always turning to an individual, but in doing what needs to be done for society on one's own initiative.
That is why, my dear friends, this episode today should be regarded as important and essential. That is why I have read out the document, which is basically only a single symptom of many things that are smoldering here and there, and I will calmly wait and see what you, as members of society, will do. In the meantime, I will do my duty; tomorrow we will have our program as we usually do. But it goes without saying that everything else will depend on what position the Society takes on what it has heard today, which should not be regarded as something isolated, but as something that touches on many fundamental issues, as I have already pointed out in the various discussions I have held over the past months.
After these remarks by Rudolf Steiner, a discussion took place, which was not stenographically recorded. Voices in defense must have been raised, so that, according to the recollection of one participant, Rudolf Steiner left the hall with Marie Steiner, saying: “I can have nothing more to do with such a society!” The vast majority of those present were probably ashamed of this situation and wrote the following letter of confidence that same evening:
Dornach, August 21, 1915
Dear Dr. Steiner!
We, the members of the Anthroposophical Society, would like to express our justified anger, our indignation, and our sense of shame at the fact that such a deceitful, immoral attitude, as revealed in the letter from Mr. Heinrich Goesch, has dared to express itself to you in this form dictated by the most reprehensible megalomania.
We must reproach ourselves painfully for not having understood how to prevent what has happened in time and for having proved ourselves incapable until now of creating a circle of life in which thoughts and feelings such as those expressed in the letter would have been impossible.
We ask our beloved, revered teacher to forgive us, not to take away his trust in us, or at least to give it back to us, because we are seriously determined to better realize the concept of the Anthroposophical Society and to be more aware of our responsibility in the future.
It goes without saying that we no longer consider Miss Alice Sprengel, Mr. Heinrich, and Mrs. Gertrud Goesch to belong to us with their attitudes.
We ask you, esteemed Doctor, to accept our signatures as an assurance of our unlimited and unchanging trust and our heartfelt gratitude.
Michael Bauer [member of the Central Board] and over 300 signatures.
This address was a purely human, spontaneous expression of the signatories' attachment to Rudolf Steiner. The factual nature of the situation is expressed in Rudolf Steiner's remarks. The difficulty for the members in assessing the situation was highlighted by a physician, Dr. Amann, in a clinical article (Basel, September 14, 1914) as follows:
"... Among the members, the prevailing opinion is still that Dr. Goesch is not mentally ill, he is only influenced!
It is true that when someone has a fever or is sleepy, this is very easy for anyone to ascertain; on the other hand, it is extremely difficult to diagnose mental illness, even for scientific experts, unless it is an extreme case on the scale.
From what one hears (which is why many members cannot understand that Dr. G. is mentally ill), one gets the impression that people have misconceptions about the nature of the illness; they think that mentally ill people must be idiots and cannot write intelligently.
An idiot is a feeble-minded person who is unable to think anything at all due to his mental sluggishness; he is stupid, unless there are organic causes for his illness that may have made him an idiot only secondarily. The opposite is true of the actual mentally ill person. Here we have melancholy: clouded logic! This category must be clearly distinguished from insanity; insane people are dangerous!
The melancholic person loses absolutely nothing in terms of the quality of their intellect; they even increase their mental capacity, but they are tireless intellectual workers, thinking an enormous amount and working day and night. The problem with this is that they become fixated on their own ideas, hypnotizing themselves and remaining impervious to outside criticism. These people suffer in secret from their tormenting thoughts until they can give birth to them and present them to the public. They are driven by the urge to be productive and important and to show it.
Continuing his remarks from August 21, Rudolf Steiner addressed the case further the following evening, August 22, 1915, as follows: