Curative Education
GA 317
7 July 1924, Dornach
Lecture XII
What we have really been endeavouring to do in our talks together here is to delve a little more deeply into Waldorf School pedagogy, in order to find in that pedagogy the kind of education with which we can approach the so-called abnormal child. It will have been clear to you from our discussions that, if you want to educate an abnormal child in the right manner, you will have to form your judgement and estimation of him in quite another way than you do for the so-called normal child—and of course differently again from the way he is regarded in ordinary lay circles, where people are for the most part content merely to specify the abnormality and not trouble themselves to look further and enquire into the causes of it. For there is no denying it, the man of today is not nearly so far on (in his study, for example, of the human being), as Goethe was in his study of the growth and nature of the plant. (And, as we saw, Goethe's work in this direction was a beginning, it was still in its elementary stage.) For Goethe took a special delight in the malformations that can occur in plants; and the passages where he deals with such are among the most interesting in all his writings. He describes, for example, how some organ in a plant, which one is accustomed to find in a certain so-called normal form, may either grow to excess, becoming abnormally large, or may insert itself into the plant in an abnormal manner, sometimes even going so far as to produce from itself organs that would normally be situated in quite another part of the plant. In the very fact that the plant is able to express itself in such malformations, Goethe sees a favourable starting point for setting out to discover the true “idea” of the archetypal plant. For he knows that the idea which lies hidden behind the plant manifests quite particularly in these malformations; so that if we were to carry out a whole series of observations—it would of course be necessary to make the observations over a wide range of plants—if we were to observe first how the root can suffer malformation, then again how the leaf, the stem, the flower, and even the fruit can become deformed, we would be able, by looking upon all these malformations together, to arrive at an apperception of the archetypal plant.
And it is fundamentally the same with all living entities—even with beings who live in the spirit. More and more does our observation of the human race lead us to perceive this truth—that where we have abnormalities in man, it is the spirituality in him which is finding expression in these abnormalities.
When once we begin to look at the phenomena of life from this aspect, it will at the same time give us insight into the way men thought about life in olden times; and we shall understand how it was that education was regarded as having an extremely close affinity with healing. For in healing men saw a process whereby that in man which has received Ahrimanic or Luciferic form and configuration is made to come nearer to that in him which, in the sense of good spiritual progress, holds a middle course between the two extremes. Healing was, in effect, the establishment of a right balance in the human being between the Ahrimanic and the Luciferic. And then, having a more intimate and deep perception of how it is only in the course of life that man comes into this condition of balance, of how he needs indeed to be brought into it by means of education, these men of an older time saw that there is something definitely abnormal about a child as such, something in every child that is in a certain respect ill and requires to be healed. Hence the primeval words for “healing” and “educating” have the very same significance. Education heals the so-called normal human being, and healing is a specialised form of education for the so-called abnormal human being.
If it has become clear to us that the foregoing is a true and fundamental perception, we can do no other than carry our enquiry further along the same road. All the illnesses that originate within the human being have, in reality, to do with the spiritual in him, and ultimately even the illnesses that arise in him in response to an injury from without; for when you break your leg, the condition that presents itself is really the reaction that arises within you to the blow from without—and surgery could certainly learn something by looking at the matter in this light. Starting therefore from this fundamental perception, we find ourselves ready to approach in a much deeper and more intimate manner the question: How are we to deal with children, having regard to the whole relationship of their physical nature to their soul and spirit?
In the very young child, physical and spiritual are intimately bound up together, and we must not assume—as people generally do today—that when some medicament or other is given to a child, it takes effect physically alone. The spiritual influence of a substance is actually greater in the case of a very little child than it is with a grown person. The virtue for the child of the mother's milk, for example, lies in the fact that there lives in it what was called in the archaic language of an earlier way of thought the “good mummy” in contrast to the “bad mummy” that lives in other products of excretion. The whole mother lives in the mother's milk. Mother's milk is permeated with forces that have, as it were, only changed their field of action within the organisation. For up to the time of birth, these forces are active in the region that belongs in the main to the system of metabolism and limbs, while after birth they are chiefly active in the region of the rhythmic system. Thus they migrate within the human organisation, moving up a stage higher. In doing so, the forces lose their I content, which was specifically active during the embryonic time, but still retain their astral content. If the same forces that work in the mother's milk were to rise a stage higher still—moving, that is, to the head—they would lose also their astral content and have active within them only the physical and etheric organisation. Hence the harmful effect upon the mother, if these forces do rise a stage higher and we have all the abnormal phenomena that can then show themselves in a nursing mother.
In mother's milk we still have therefore astral formative forces that work spiritually; and we must realise what a responsibility rests upon us when the time comes to let the little child make the transition to receiving his nourishment directly for himself. The responsibility is particularly great for us today, since there is now no longer any consciousness of how the spiritual is active everywhere in the external world, and of how the plant, as it ascends from root up to flower and finally to fruit, becomes gradually more and more spiritual—in its own nature and also in its activity and influence. Taking first the root, we have there something that works least spiritually of all; in comparison with the rest of the plant, the root has a strongly physical and etheric relation to the environment. In the flower however begins a life which reaches out, in a kind of longing, to the astral. In a word, the plant spiritualises, as it grows upwards.
Then we must carry our study a stage further, and enquire into the place of the root within the whole cosmic connection. Its part and place within the cosmos is expressed in the fact that the root has grown into the soil of the Earth, has embedded itself right into the light. The truth is that the root of the plant has grown into the soil in the same way as we have grown with our head into the free expanse of air and into the light. We can therefore say that here below
we have that which in man is of the head nature and has to do with perception; while here above we have the part of the plant that in man has to do with digestion, with nourishment. The upper part of the plant contains the spirituality that we long for in our metabolism-and-limbs system, and is on this account related to that system in us. One who is able with occult perception to regard first the mother's milk, and then the astral which hovers over the plant and for which the plant longs and yearns, can behold—not indeed a perfect similarity, but an extraordinarily close relationship between the astrality that comes from the mother with the mother's milk, and the astrality that comes from the cosmos and hovers over the blossoms of the plants.
These things are said, not in order that you may possess them as theoretical knowledge, but in order that you may come to cherish the right feeling towards what is in a human being's environment and enters thence into the sphere of his deeds and actions. As you see, we shall have to take care that we find the right way to accustom the little child—gradually—to external nourishment, stimulating him with the fruiting part of the plant, fortifying his metabolic system with the flowering part, and coming to the help of what has to be done by the head by means of a gentle admixture of root substance in his food. The theoretical mastery of these relationships will serve merely to start you off in the right direction; what should then happen is that in the practice of life the knowledge of them flows into all your care for the child, not as theory but more in a spiritual way.
In this connection we cannot but recognise how extraordinarily difficult it is in our day to “behold” a human being as he really is. Again and again, in every field of knowledge into which we enter, our attention is drawn away from that which is essential in man as man. Modern education and instruction is not calculated to enable us to see man in his true being. For it is a fact that in the course of the first half of the nineteenth century the power to behold what is essential in man died right away. Up to that time, and even still during that time, an idea was current which survives now only in certain words that have remained in use—lives on, here and there, so to speak, in the genius of language. We might describe this idea in the following way.
Surveying the whole human race, we find it subject to all manner of diseases. We could, if we chose to be abstract, write these all down. We could take some plane surface and write upon it the names of the various illnesses in such a way as to make a kind of map of them. In one corner, for instance, we might write illnesses that are inter-related one with the other; in another corner, illnesses that are fatal. In short, we could classify them all so nicely as to produce in the end a regular chart or map, and then it would not be difficult to find the place on the map where a child with a particular organisation belonged. One could imagine how some special pre-disposition in regard to illness could be shown in a kind of diagram on transparent paper and then the name of the child be written in on the region of the map where he belonged. Let us suppose, then, that you regarded illnesses in this way and made such a map as I have described. In the first half of the nineteenth century people still had the idea that whenever the name of an illness had to be written in, they could always write in, for that illness, the name of some animal. They still believed that the animal kingdom inscribes into Nature all possible diseases, and that each single animal, rightly understood, signifies an illness. For the animal itself the illness is, so to speak, quite healthy. If however this same animal enters into man, so that a human being, instead of having the organisation that properly belongs to him, is organised on the pattern of that animal, then that human being is ill.
It was not superstitious people alone who continued to hold such conceptions in the first half of the nineteenth century; this idea of the nature of disease in man was held, for example, by Hegel—and a very fruitful and productive idea it was. Think what a light can be thrown upon the nature and character of a particular human being if one can say: he “takes after” the lion, or the eagle, or the ox; or again, he gives evidence of being wrenched away in the direction of the spiritual—the spiritual works too powerfully in him. Or, let us say, carrying the idea a step further, suppose the ether body of a certain human being is too soft and flabby and shows obvious affinity to physical substance, then that would be for one an indication of a type of organisation that generally occurs only in the lower animal kingdom. These are fundamental conceptions of a kind that it is important for you to acquire.
And now I would like to go on to speak of what you as educators must undertake for your own self-education. You can take your start from certain given meditations. A meditation that is particularly effective for a teacher is the one I gave here two days ago. Meditating upon it inwardly with the right orientation of heart and mind, it will in time bear fruit within you. For you will discover that as you are carried along in your feeling on the waves of an astral sea, borne hence away from the body, you will begin to find yourself in a world—you can liken it only to a world of gently surging billows—where you are given the possibility to see around you the very things that provide answers to your questions.
But here, I must warn you that if you desire really to make your way through to the place where such things are possible, you must comply with the conditions—I do not mean merely knowing them in theory, I mean faithfully fulfilling in real earnest the conditions that are necessary for development on the path of meditation, and that are described in the book Knowledge of the Higher Worlds and Its Attainment. [Now published by the Rudolf Steiner Press as Knowledge of Higher Worlds—how is it achieved? ] You will remember how mention is made there of egoism as a hindrance on the path of development—egoism in the sense that man centres his attention upon his own I, values his I too highly. What does it mean when we hold our I in such high esteem?
We have, as you know, to begin with, our physical body, which derives from Saturn times and has been gradually formed and completed with such wonderful artistic power in four majestic stages of development. Then we have the etheric body, which has undergone three stages of development. And we have besides the astral body, which has undergone only two. These three members of man's being do not fall within the field of Earth consciousness; the I alone does so. Yet it is really no more than the semblance of the I that falls within the field of Earth consciousness; the true I can be seen only by looking back into an earlier incarnation. The I that we have now is in process of becoming; not until our next incarnation will it be a reality. The I is no more than a baby. And if we are able to see through what shows on the surface, then, when we look at someone who is sailing through life on the sea of his own egoism, we shall have before us the Imagination of a fond foster-mother or nurse, whose heart is filled with rapturous devotion to the baby in her arms. In her case the rapture is justified, for the child in her arms is other than herself; but we have a spectacle merely of egoism when we behold man fondling so tenderly the baby in him. And you can indeed see people going about like that today. If you were to paint a picture of them as they are in the astral, you would have to paint them carrying each his child on his arm. The Egyptians, when they moulded the scarab, could at least still show the I carried by the head organisation; but the man of our time carries his I, his Ego, in his arms, fondling it and caressing it tenderly. And now, if the teacher will constantly compare this picture with his own daily actions and conduct, once more he will be provided with a most fruitful theme for meditation. And he will find that he is guided into the state I described as swimming in a surging sea of spirit.
Whether we are able to get in this realm the answers to our questions will depend upon whether we have in our soul the inner peace and quiet which we must seek to preserve in such moments. If someone complains that things are constantly happening that prevent him from meditating, the complaint will of itself afford a pretty sure indication as to whether or not he is in a fair way to make progress in this direction. For you will never find that one who is genuinely undergoing development will complain that this or that hinders him from meditating. In point of fact we are not really hindered by these things that seem to come in our way. On the contrary, it should be perfectly possible to carry out a most powerful meditation immediately before taking some decisive step, before doing a deed of cardinal importance—or, on the other hand, to carry out the meditation after the deed, in entire forgetfulness of what has been experienced in the performance of the deed. Everything depends, you see, upon having it in our power to wrest ourselves away from the one world and live for the time being completely within the other world; and whenever we want to summon up our inner spiritual powers, right at the very beginning must come the ability to do this.
Watch for yourselves and observe the difference—first, when you approach a child more or less indifferently, and then again when you approach him with real love. As soon as ever you approach him with love, and cease to believe that you can do more with technical dodges than you can with love, at once your educating becomes effective, becomes a thing of power. And this is more than ever true when you are having to do with abnormal children.
Wherever people have the right feeling about their activities, these activities do work together in the right way. Just as in the physical organism heart and kidneys must work together if the organism as a whole is to have unity, so must the Constituents work together for the great end they all have in view, while each of them fosters within itself that element in the whole for which it is in particular responsible. And anyone who then sets out to undertake some new task in the world, must bring what he is doing into co-ordination with what emanates from the Constituents.
Suppose you have the intention of undertaking work with backward children. The first thing you have to do is to study and observe the pedagogy that is followed in the anthroposophical movement. That whole living stream of activity must flow into all that you do and undertake. For within this educational stream is contained that which can heal the typical human being, and enable him to take his place rightly in the world. And then you will find that the Medical Section is able to give you what you need in order that you may deepen this pedagogy and adapt it to the abnormality of the individual in question. If you set out in all earnestness to accomplish this, yon will soon realise that there can be no question of expecting simply to be told: This is good for this, that is good for that. No, what is wanted is a continual living intercourse and connection between your own work and all that is done and given in the educational and in the medical work of the [Dynamic] movement. No break in this living connection must ever be permitted. Egoism must not be allowed to creep in and assert itself in some special and individual activity; rather must there always be the longing on the part of each participant to take his right place within the work as a whole.
Curative Eurythmy having come in to collaborate with Curative Education, the latter is thereby brought into relation also with the whole art of Eurythmy. Here too it should be evident that you must look for a living connection. This will mean that anyone who practises Curative Eurythmy must have gone some way towards mastering the fundamental principles of Eurythmy as an art. Curative Eurythmy has to grow out of a general knowledge of Speech Eurythmy and Tone Eurythmy—although the knowledge will not necessarily have been carried to the point of full artistic development. Nor must we lose sight of the importance before all else of human contacts. If Curative Eurythmy is being given, the one who is giving it must on no account omit to seek contact with the doctor. When Curative Eurythmy was first begun, the condition was laid down that it should not be given without consultation with the doctor. You see from all this how closely, how livingly interlinked the different activities have to be in Anthroposophy.
It will thus be necessary to take care that the work you are initiating at Lauenstein—a work, let me say, that I regard as full of hope and promise—is carried on in entire harmony with the whole Anthroposophical Movement. You can rest assured that the Anthroposophical Movement is ready to foster and encourage any plans with which it has expressed agreement—naturally through the channels that have been provided in accordance with the Christmas Foundation Meeting. And conversely you should keep constantly in mind that whatever you, as a limb or member of the movement, accomplish—you do it for the strengthening of the whole Anthroposophical Movement, for the enhancement of its work and influence in the world.
This then, my dear friends, is the message I would leave with you. Receive it into your hearts, as a message that comes verily from the heart; may it go with you, and may its impulse continue to work on into the future.
If we who are in this spiritual movement are constantly thinking: how can this spiritual movement be made fruitful for practical life?—then will the world not fail to see that it is verily a movement that is alive.
And so, my dear friends, let me wish you all strength and good guidance for the right working out of your will.
Zwölfter Vortrag
Nun, wir werden damit beginnen, daß Sie noch Ihre verschiedenen Wünsche aussprechen, und dann werde ich den Kursus abzuschließen haben. Also ich bitte, mir jetzt noch zu sagen, was noch flammt in Ihren Herzen, um noch weiterzukommen.
Albrecht Strohschein: Ich möchte sagen, daß wir keine weiteren Fragen mehr haben.
Nun hat es sich ja gehandelt in diesen Besprechungen um die Vertiefung unserer Waldorfschul-Pädagogik bis zu denjenigen Erziehungsmethoden, welche an das sogenannte abnorme Kind heranführen. Und Sie haben ja aus den Auseinandersetzungen gesehen, daß das abnorme Kind eigentlich in eine andere Beurteilungsweise sofort eintreten muß, wenn es entsprechend behandelt werden soll, als das sogenannte normale Kind, daß es aber auch anders beurteilt werden muß vom Erziehenden und Unterrichtenden, als es in Laienkreisen heute beurteilt wird, wo man zumeist dabei stehenbleibt, auf die Abnormität hinzuweisen und nicht weiter zurückgeht auf dasjenige, was eigentlich zugrunde liegt. Man ist durchaus heute noch nicht so weit wie Goethe in einer gewissen elementarischen Art gewesen ist in seiner Betrachtung des Pflanzenwachstums, des Pflanzenwesens. Goethe sah mit einer besonderen Freude hin auf dasjenige, was bei Pflanzen an Mißbildungen entsteht. Und es gehören zu den interessantesten Artikeln, die man bei Goethe finden kann, diejenigen, die von diesen Mißbildungen handeln, wo irgendein Organ an der Pflanze, das man gewohnt ist, sonst in einer bestimmten, sogenannten normalen Form zu finden, entweder mit der Größe über die Norm hinauswächst, oder wie es sich abnorm gliedert, wie es zuweilen sogar Organe heraustreibt, die normalerweise an einer andern Stelle stehen und so weiter. Gerade darin, daß sich die Pflanze in solchen Mißbildungen äußern kann, sieht Goethe die besten Anhaltspunkte, um auf die eigentliche Idee der Urpflanze zu kommen. Denn er weiß, daß sich dasjenige, was hinter der Pflanze als Idee steckt, gerade in solchen Mißbildungen besonders zeigt; so daß, wenn wir in einer Reihe von Beobachtungen an Pflanzen sehen würden, wie die Wurzel in Mißbildung verfallen kann, wie das Blatt, der Stengel, die Blüte, wie auch die Früchte mißgebilder sein können - natürlich muß man das an einer Reihe von Pflanzen sehen -, so würden wir aus dem Zusammenschauen der Mißbildungen die Urpflanze gerade herausschauen können.
Und so ist es im Grunde genommen bei allem Lebenden, auch bei dem im Geiste Lebenden. Wir kommen immer mehr darauf, daß dasjenige, was auch hinter dem Menschengeschlecht lebt und sich in Abnormitäten äußert, daß das die eigentliche Geistigkeit im Menschengeschlecht nach außen offenbart. Und wenn wir die Dinge so ansehen, dann kommen wir auch darauf, wie in älteren Zeiten gedacht und angeschaut worden ist, als man in dem Erziehen etwas sah, was dem Heilen ungeheuer nahesteht. Man sah in dem Heilen ein Annähern von ahrimanisch und luziferisch Gebildetem an dasjenige, was die Mittellinie zwischen dem Luziferischen und Ahrimanischen in dem Sinne des Fortganges des guten Geistigen hält. Gleichgewicht zwischen dem Ahrimanischen und Luziferischen sah man in dem Heilen. Und als man in einem viel höheren Sinne sah, daß der Mensch erst während seines Lebens gebracht werden muß in das Gleichgewicht durch die Erziehung, sah man auch in einem gewissen Sinne durchaus in dem Kinde noch etwas Abnormes, was in einer gewissen Beziehung eigentlich krank ist und was geheilt werden muß, so daß die Urworte für Heilen und Erziehen genau dieselbe Bedeutung haben. Die Erziehung heilt den sogenannten normalen Menschen, und das Heilen ist nur ein Spezialisieren für den sogenannten abnormen Menschen.
Nun ist es ja ganz natürlich, daß, wenn man eine solche Grundlage als richtig ansieht, man dann auch weiter nach dieser Richtung gehen muß und Weiteres fragen muß. Eigentlich haben wir es bei jeder Krankheit, die aus dem Innern auftaucht, mit etwas Geistigem zu tun, aber schließlich auch bei jeder Krankheit, die auf einen äußeren Insult hin im Inneren auftaucht. Denn selbst bei einem Beinbruch ist dasjenige, was auftritt, eine Reaktion des Inneren auf das Äußere und die Chirurgie täte ganz gut, sich von einer solchen Anschauung befruchten zu lassen. Wenn man aber auf diese Dinge sieht, dann kommt man noch in einem viel höheren Grade zu der Frage: Wie hat man eigentlich das Kind zu behandeln in der ganzen Verhaltungsweise des Physischen und des Geistig-Seelischen? Beide sind gerade beim Kinde ganz innig miteinander verbunden, und man darf nicht glauben, wenn man dem Kinde irgendein stoffliches Arzneimittel beibringt, daß das beim Kinde -— wie man heute annimmt - nur physisch wirkt. Ein Stoff wirkt beim Kinde sogar wesentlich geistiger, als er beim späteren Erwachsenen wirkt. Und die Wirkung der Muttermilch besteht darin, daß in der Muttermilch durchaus dasjenige lebt, was in älteren Betrachtungsweisen genannt worden ist die gute Mumie im Gegensatz zur schlechten Mumie, die in andern Abscheidungsprodukten lebt. Die ganze Mutter lebt in der Muttermilch. Da haben wir durchaus etwas alsKraft lebend, was eigentlich seine Region nur geändert hat innerhalb der menschlichen Organisation. Bis zur Geburt des Kindes ist das im wesentlichen tätig in derjenigen Region, die hauptsächlich gehört zum StoffwechselGliedmaßensystem, nach der Geburt ist es hauptsächlich tätig in der Region des rhythmischen Systems. Es wandern also diese Kräfte in der Organisation um eine Etage höher. Indem sie um eine Etage höher wandern, verlieren sie ihren Ich-Inhalt, der im wesentlichen tätig war während der Embryonalzeit, behalten aber noch ihren astralischen Inhalt. Wenn dieselben Kräfte, die in der Muttermilch wirken, noch eine Etage höher steigen, bis zum Kopf, verlieren sie auch ihren astralischen Inhalt und würden nur in sich wirken haben physische und ätherische Organisation. Darauf beruht aber die schädliche Einwirkung auf die Mutter, wenn diese Kräfte in die höhere Etage steigen. Da sehen wir alle die abnormen Erscheinungen, die bei der Mutter auftreten.
So haben wir bei der Muttermilch noch astral formende Kräfte, die durchaus geistig wirken, und wir müssen nur bedenken, welche Verantwortung sich auf uns legt, wenn wir nun das Kind übergehen lassen zur eigenen Ernährung, wo heute gar nicht mehr ein Bewußtsein vorhanden ist davon, wie in der äußeren Welt eigentlich überall das Geistige wirkt: wie aufsteigend von der Wurzel bis zur Blüte und Frucht die Pflanze immer geistiger und geistiger wird und wirkt. Wenn wir an der Pflanzenwurzel beginnen, so haben wir an ihr dasjenige, was zunächst am Ungeistigsten als Wurzel wirkt, Die Wurzel steht in einer verhältnismäßig stark physischen und ätherischen Relation zu der ganzen Umgebung, aber es beginnt in der Blüte der Pflanze ein Leben, das wie in Sehnsucht sich hinstreckt zu dem Astralischen. Es vergeistigt sich die Pflanze, indem sie nach oben wächst. Und so werden wir uns weiter fragen müssen: Wie verhält sich denn diese Wurzel der Pflanze im Weltzusammenhange? - Ihr Weltzusammenhang ist ihr Eingewachsensein in den Erdboden. Ja, meine lieben Freunde, diese Wurzel ist in den Erdboden so eingewachsen, wie wir mit unserem Kopf in die freie Luft und in das Licht eingewachsen sind, so daß wir sagen können: hier unten haben wir bei der Pflanze das Wahrnehmen, das Kopfmäßige, hier oben haben wir bei der Pflanze das Verdauliche, das Ernährende (siehe Tafel 15). Hier oben haben wir bei der Pflanze Tafel i5 dasjenige, was die von dem Stoffwechsel-Gliedmaßensystem ersehnte Geistigkeit enthält und deshalb auch verwandt ist mit dem menschlichen Stoffwechsel-Gliedmaßensystem. Und wenn wir uns auf der einen Seite die Muttermilch anschauen und auf der andern Seite uns anschauen dasjenige, was da als von der Pflanze ersehntes Astralisches über der Pflanze darüberschwebt, dann ergibt sich für eine okkulte Anschauung eine ungeheuer nahe Verwandtschaft - nicht eine völlige Gleichheit — zwischen derjenigen Astralität, welche mit der Muttermilch aus der Mutter kommt und derjenigen Astralität, die aus dem Kosmos an die Pflanzenblüte heranschwebt.
Alle diese Dinge werden ja nicht gesagt, damit man irgend etwas Theoretisches weiß, sondern damit man die richtigen Gefühle bekommt gegenüber demjenigen, was in der Umgebung des Menschen ist und in die Sphäre seines Tuns, seines Handelns eingeht. Und so werden wir uns zu bemühen haben, daß wir das Kind nach und nach so gewöhnen an die äußere Ernährung, daß wir es anregen durch das Fruchtende, durch das Blühende unterstützen sein Stoffwechselsystem, und dasjenige, was es vom Kopf zu besorgen hat, durch sanfte Beimischung des Wurzelhaften. Diese Dinge sollen eigentlich nur, ich möchte sagen, im Anlauf theoretisch erworben werden. In der Praxis sollen sie sich in die Handhabung, aber auf geistige Art in die Handhabung hineinergießen.
Sehen Sie, nun kommt dazu, daß es heute außerordentlich schwierig ist, aus dem, was man lernt, auf allen Gebieten lernt, in den Menschen überhaupt hineinzuschauen. Es wird der Blick immerfort abgelenkt gerade von dem, was das Wesenhafte ist. Man wird heute nicht geschult, auf das Wesenhafte hinzusehen. Es ist schon so, daß in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts ganz der Blick für das Wesenhafte abgestorben ist. So war in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts noch eine Vorstellung vorhanden, die heute nur noch in der Sprache fortlebt, in dem Sprachgenius. Die könnte man etwa in der folgenden Weise charakterisieren: Es gibt, wenn man so überschaut das Menschengeschlecht, die allerverschiedensten Krankheiten. Diese verschiedenen Krankheiten könnte man nun, wenn man ins Abstrakte geht, aufschreiben. Man könnte dann, wenn man sie in der Ebene aufschreibt, eine Art Landkarte herstellen: in der einen Ecke die verwandten Krankheiten, in der andern Ecke die todbringenden, könnte das hübsch anordnen; dann hätte man eine solche Landkarte der Krankheiten, würde namentlich darauf sehen können, wo ein Kind, das in irgendeiner Weise organisiert ist, hingehört. Und man könnte sich denken, wie dasjenige, was als Krankheitsneigung auftritt, in schematischer Weise auf Wachspapierblättern gezeichnet würde, und man den Namen eines Kindes dorthin schreibt, wo er hingehört. Nun denken Sie sich, man hätte so eine Vorstellung, man täte das.
Die erste Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts hatte noch die Vorstellung, daß man dort, wo man die Krankheiten hinschreiben müßte, immer Tiernamen hinschreiben könnte. Sie hatte noch die Meinung, das Tierreich schreibt in die Natur hinein alle möglichen Krankheiten. Jedes Tier, richtig angesehen, bedeutet eine Krankheit. Für das Tier ist die Krankheit sozusagen gesund. Kommt dieses Tier in den Menschen hinein, statt seine eigene Organisation, artet der Mensch fach der Organisation des Tieres hin, so ist er krank. Solche Vorstellungen haben in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts nicht bloß die abergläubigen Menschen gehabt, sondern das war sogar die Vorstellung Hegels, und es war eine durchaus tragfähige Vorstellung. Bedenken Sie doch nur, wie hell Sie werden können über die Wesenheit irgendeines Menschen, wenn Sie sagen können, er artet nach dem Löwen, nach dem Adler, nach dem Rinde hin, oder auch er artet nach einem Hinausreißen des Menschen in das zu stark Geistige hin. Oder wenn Sie weitergehen, sich klar werden darüber, daß Sie, wenn, sagen wir, der Ätherleib zu weichlich wird, eine straffe Affinität des Ätherleibes zur physischen Substanz haben, und Sie dann die Organisation, die sonst nur im niederen Tierreich sein kann, angedeutet im Menschen finden. Das sind grundlegende Vorstellungen, die Sie sich aneignen müssen. Und was Sie wiederum als Erzieher zur Selbsterziehung leisten müssen, liegt etwa in dem Folgenden.
Sie können ja von ganz bestimmten Meditationen ausgehen. Eine ganz besonders starke Erziehermeditation ist eben diejenige, die ich Ihnen hier angegeben habe. Aber Sie werden dasjenige, was Sie so mit einer gewissen Orientierung in sich als Meditation üben, in seiner Fruchtbarkeit dadurch sehen, daß Sie wie in absentia corporis in Ihrem Fühlen, in Abwesenheit des Körpers, wie in einem astralen Wellenbade weitergetrieben werden, hineingetrieben werden in eine Welt, die sich eben leise wellend vor Sie hinstellt und Ihnen die Möglichkeit gibt, Dinge um sich herum zu sehen, die Ihnen dann Antwort geben auf Ihre Fragen. Sie müssen nur, um überhaupt zu solchen Möglichkeiten vorzudringen, tatsächlich nicht bloß theoretisch an demjenigen festhalten, was zum Beispiel als Vorbedingungen für eine meditative Entwickelung in «Wie erlangt man Erkenntnisse der höheren Welten?» gerade gegeben ist.
Nicht wahr, da ist nun einmal dasjenige als ein Hindernis angegeben für eine solche Entwickelung, was menschliche Egoität in dem Sinne ist, daß der Mensch zu sehr sein Urteil auf das eigene Ich konzentriert. Denn bedenken Sie nur, was die Konzentration auf das eigene Ich eigentlich bedeutet. Wir haben unseren physischen Leib, der stammt von Saturnzeiten her, ist kunstvoll ausgebildet in vier majestätisch wirkenden Etappen. Wir haben den ätherischen Leib, der ist dreimal kunstvoll umgebildet, wir haben den astralischen Leib, der ist zweimal umgebildet. Die alle fallen nicht in den Bereich des Erdenbewußtseins, nur das Ich fällt in den Bereich des Erdenbewußtseins. Aber eigentlich ist das nur ein Schein des Ich, denn das wahre Ich kann man nur sehen durch den Rückblick in eine frühere Inkarnation. Das gegen wärtige ist erst das werdende und wird erst eine Realität in der folgenden Inkarnation. Das Ich ist erst das Baby. Und wer die Dinge durchschaut, hat, wenn jemand so richtig schwimmt in seinem Egoismus, die Imagination einer wollüstigen Kinderfrau, die Wollust empfindet in ihrem Herzen gegenüber dem kleinen Kinde; aber da ist die Wollust etwas Berechtigtes, denn da ist das Kind ein anderes. Aber nun hat man dem Egoismus gegenüber dieses Bild vor sich, daß der Mensch das Baby, dieses Kind recht zärtlich herzt. Und heute gehen die Menschen so herum - wenn man sie astraliter malen würde, müßte man sie so malen, daß sie in einem Arm ihr Kind herumtragen. — Die Ägypter konnten noch den bekannten Skarabäus formen, wo das eigene Ich wenigstens von der Kopforganisation getragen wurde. Der heutige Mensch trägt sein eigenes Ich auf dem Arm und herzt es zärtlich. Dieses Bild zu vergleichen mit dem, was man als tägliche Handlung tut, ist wiederum eine außerordentlich nützliche Meditation für den Erzieher. Und dann wird man in das hineingeführt, was ich bezeichnet habe als das: in einem Geisteswellenbade schwimmen. — Fragen beantwortet bekommen aus diesen Anschauungen heraus, dazu gehört natürlich die innere Ruhe, die man sich für solche Augenblicke zu bewahren zu suchen hat. Und man erkennt sogleich, ob jemand veranlagt ist, nach dieser Richtung hin irgendeine Entwickelung zu erfahren. Das erkennt man daran, ob er über Abhaltungen klagt oder nicht. Wer eine Entwickelung durchmacht, klagt nie darüber, daß er abgehalten werden könnte. Denn man wird in Wirklichkeit nicht von dem oder jenem abgehalten. Es wäre denkbar, daß jemand die wirksamste Meditation macht vor einer entscheidenden Handlung, die unmittelbar darauf folgt, oder wiederum nach einer entscheidenden Handlung, mit vollständigem Vergessen dessen, was er in der Handlung erlebt hat. Denn darauf kommt es an, daß man es in seiner Macht hat, sich herauszureißen aus der einen Welt und sich hineinzufinden in die andere Welt. Und das ist überhaupt der Anfang alles Aufrufens innerer Kräfte.
Sehen Sie, beobachten Sie einmal, welcher Unterschied es ist, wenn Sie an das Kind mehr oder weniger gleichgültig herantreten, oder wenn Sie an das Kind herantreten mit wirklicher Liebe. Es ist sofort, wenn man mit wirklicher Liebe an das Kind herangerreten ist, wenn der Glaube aufhört, daß man mit technischen Kunstgriffen mehr machen könne als mit wirklicher Liebe, sofort die Wirksamkeit der Erziehung, besonders bei abnormen Kindern, da.
Und so ist es schon einmal, daß eigentlich aus jeder Grundlegung für ein spezielles Tun innerhalb der anthroposophischen Bewegung gesehen werden müßte das Herausblühen einer bestimmten Gesinnung. Die Dinge, die angegeben werden, sollten eigentlich nur wie die Wurzeln angesehen werden, aus denen die Gesinnungspflanze aufsprießt. Und da ist es wirklich notwendig, daß vor allen Dingen empfunden werde das Substantiell-Anthroposophische als eine Realität. Und Sie werden nichts erreichen, das kann im voraus gesagt werden, wenn Sie dasjenige, was Sie hier aufgenommen haben, nur wie etwas hinnehmen, was Sie eben erfahren haben und was nicht gesinnungsbildend gewesen ist. Das war schon einmal die, ich möchte sagen, damals selbstverständliche, aber immer noch selbstverständlicher werdende Voraussetzung, die dem zugrunde liegt, was nun als Anthroposophische Gesellschaft seit der Weihnachtstagung existieren soll. Da muß als ganz real angesehen werden, was vom Goetheanum in seinen Einrichtungen ausgeht, und so kann es in der Zukunft gar nicht anders sein, als daß durch die verschiedenen Sektionen dasjenige geht, was in der Zukunft anthroposophisch wirken soll. Denn es muß eben nach alldem, was Sie verspüren aus solchen Auseinandersetzungen, ein Organismus werden diese Anthroposophische Gesellschaft, in dem wie Lebensblut die Verantwortlichkeiten wirken. Und die Dinge wirken schon zusammen in der richtigen Weise, wenn sie richtig empfunden werden. Wie für gewisse Organisationsfunktionen im menschlichen Organismus Herz und Nieren zusammenwirken müssen, damit ein Einheitliches entstehe, so müssen zusammenwirken für dasjenige, was Sie gerade anstreben, müssen zusammenwirken die Sektionen, die in sich gerade diejenige Substanz pflegen, für die sie im besonderen verantwortlich sind. Aber derjenige, der dann etwas unternimmt in der Welt, der muß zusammenwirken lassen in seinem Tun dasjenige, was dann von den Sektionen ausgeht, und man muß real nehmen das anthroposophische Wirken.
Denken Sie also, Sie haben die Intention, für minderwertige Kinder zu wirken. Da haben Sie zuerst zu beachten, was in der anthroposophischen Bewegung lebt als pädagogische Strömung. Die pädagogische Strömung muß Ihnen etwas sein, was so, wie sie da ist, einfließen muß in Ihre eigene Tätigkeit. Es muß Ihnen klar sein, daß Sie in dem, was die eigentliche pädagogische Strömung in sich enthält, dasjenige vor sich haben, was den typischen Menschen heilt, so daß er sich in die Welt hineinstellen kann. Sie müssen dann sich klar sein darüber, daß die medizinische Sektion Ihnen dasjenige allein geben kann, was nun die Pädagogik vertiefen kann nach der Abnormität des Menschen hin. Und wenn Sie da in der richtigen Weise sich hineinvertiefen, so werden Sie selbst bald finden, daß das nicht in der Weise gegeben werden kann, daß man hört: das ist für das gut, das ist für das gut -, sondern nur dadurch, daß ein fortwährender lebendiger Zusammenhang entsteht. Dieses Auseinanderreißen des lebendigen Zusammenhanges ist etwas, was nicht da sein sollte. Da darf nicht beginnen ein gewisser Egoismus im Spezialwirken, sondern nur die Sehnsucht, sich hineinzustellen in das Ganze. Indem die Heileurythmie herantritt an die Heilpädagogik, tritt wiederum die ganze Eurythmie heran an die Heilpädagogik. Daraus sollten Sie wiederum sehen, daß auch nach dieser Richtung hin ein lebendiger Zusammenhang gesucht werden muß, was sich auch darin äußern sollte, daß bis zu einem gewissen Grade derjenige, der Heileurythmie treibt, die Grundlagen der Eurythmie haben sollte. Die Heileurythmie sollte aus einer, wenn auch nicht bis zur künstlerischen Vollendung gebrachten, doch allgemeinen Kenntnis der Laut- und Toneurythmie herauswachsen. Dann aber vor allen Dingen muß ja das den Menschen durchdringen, daß er sich an den Menschen anschließen muß, und so kann nicht anders als da, wo Heileurythmie ausgeübt wird, die Anlehnung an den Arzt gesucht werden. Und es ist eine Bedingung gestellt worden, als die Heileurythmie gegeben worden ist, daß sie nicht ausgeübt werde ohne den Zusammenhang mit dem Arzt. Das alles weist schon darauf hin, wie verschlungen, lebendig verschlungen die Dinge werden müssen, die in der Anthroposophie sich ausleben.
Aber dazu kommt noch das: es wird in der Zukunft die Entscheidung an die Anthroposophische Gesellschaft herantreten, die in ganz intensiver Weise dahin geht: Sind die Verantwortlichkeiten aufrechtzuerhalten, oder sind sie nicht aufrechtzuerhalten? — Sie brauchen es nicht zu glauben, könnten es aber aus allem, was geschieht, sehen: dazumal, als die Weihnachtstagung ins Werk gesetzt werden sollte, sind diese Verantwortlichkeiten scharf ins Auge gefaßt worden mit einer manche vielleicht grausam berührenden Ausschließlichkeit in bezug auf die Qualität der menschlichen Persönlichkeiten, die eben da sind. Indem aus solchen Unterlagen heraus der Vorstand am Goetheanum gebildet worden ist, ist es nicht anders möglich, als daß dieser Vorstand angesehen werde innerhalb dessen, was in der Anthroposophischen Gesellschaft geschieht, als die volle autoritative Stelle. Für die einzelnen Dinge, die in Betracht kommen, muß einfach dieser Vorstand als die volle autoritative Stelle angesehen werden. Wird das in Zukunft verstanden werden oder nicht, innerhalb der anthroposophischen Bewegung?
Und das ist dasjenige, was insbesondere bei einer solchen Gründung, wie die Ihrige, ich möchte sagen, als eine Art von Grundsteinlegung gesagt werden muß. Wenn nicht dasjenige, was Kritik ist an irgendeiner Stelle im menschlichen Zusammenhang aufhört — denn Kritik bezieht sich ja niemals auf den Inhalt des Gelehrten, sondern auf den Inhalt dessen, was gewirkt wird -—, wenn diese Kritik nicht aufhört, wenn nicht tatsächlich namentlich in bezug auf die Dinge, wo Okkultes hineinwirkt, ein Prinzip des Autoritativen — nicht im Lehren, sondern im Wirken - tatsächlich da sein wird, dann wird unmöglich das aus der anthroposophischen Bewegung heraus werden können, was aus ihr unbedingt werden muß, wenn sie bleiben soll. Das verhohlene SichAufstemmen gegen diejenigen, welche die Verantwortlichkeiten haben, das ist dasjenige, was in der Zukunft nicht bleiben kann; und da wird dann schon die Mitgliedschaft zur Schule das nötige Korrektiv schaffen müssen, indem, wenn nicht das nötige Verständnis auftritt, die Mitgliedschaft zur Schule aufhören muß. Man könnte sagen: vor der Weihnachtstagung war es so, daß, weil ja ein Vorstand mit der Absicht, esoterisch zu wirken, nicht da war, daß das Denken und Fühlen mir überlassen worden ist. Und in ausgiebigstem Maße hat in Anspruch genommen jeder aus der Gesellschaft heraus, wie es ihm genehm war, das Wollen. Das ist das Urphänomen bis zur Weihnachtstagung gewesen. Wenn es sich handelte darum, sich an das Denken oder auch an das Fühlen zu wenden in anthroposophischen Sachen, dann kam man zu mir ungefähr so, wie man zum Schuster kommt, wenn man sich von ihm Stiefel machen läßt. Das ist um so intensiver gewesen, als man es ja nicht gemerkt hat, sondern das Gegenteil davon glaubte. Aber kuriert werden kann das Ganze nur, wenn tatsächlich das Bewußtsein eintritt, daß auch ein gesellschaftliches Wollen ausgehend von dem Vorstand am Goetheanum vorhanden ist. Und man wird sich schon verständnisvoll, wahrhaftig nicht unter Zwang, in dieses finden können.
Aber die Denk weise ist eine ganz merkwürdige. Sie haftet so sehr an Worten. Grotesk trat mir das gestern entgegen, wie allüberall an Worten gehaftet wird, aus Worten dann aufgebauscht und an Worten erhitzt die Sehnsüchte zu Handlungen entstehen. So soll ich in Breslau gesagt haben von dem Vorstand der Freien Anthroposophischen Gesellschaft, die andern seien nun heraus und es sei der Rumpfvorstand zurückgeblieben. Daraus wurde sofort geurteilt: das ist ein Rumpfvorstand, jetzt muß er einen Kopf bekommen. — Nun, sehen Sie, die Tatsache, die hier zugrunde liegt, ist doch diese, man klammert sich an ein Wort: Weil hier einmal der Kopf Rumpf genannt worden ist aus dem Sprachgebrauch heraus, klammert man sich an dieses Wort, während man die Tatsache gar nicht sieht, daß sich zunächst der Vorstand am Goetheanum ja vollständig im Einklang mit diesem sogenannten Rumpfvorstand befindet. Sonst hätte er dazu mau oder sonst etwas gesagt. Da er aber nicht mau gesagt hat, ist die Tatsache da, daß er vorläufig einverstanden ist. Und so handelt es sich darum, daß nach den Tatsachen geurteilt wird.
Das ist von einer ganz eminenten Wichtigkeit, wenn man mit der anthroposophischen Bewegung zurecht kommen soll. Deshalb ist es notwendig, daß Sie Ihre Begründung in Lauenstein, die ja die größten Hoffnungen machen kann, so auffassen, daß sie in vollem Einklange mit der ganzen anthroposophischen Bewegung wirkt; daß Sie auf der einen Seite von dem Bewußtsein durchdrungen sind, daß die anthroposophische Bewegung dasjenige, zu dem sie auf eine solche Weise ihr «ja» sagt, auch hegen und pflegen wird, aber nur so hegen und pflegen kann, wie es ihren Einrichtungen heute nach der Weihnachtstagung gemäß ist. Aber auf der andern Seite muß auch das vorliegen, daß ein solches Glied dann auch wiederum dasjenige, was es tut, zur Erhöhung der Kraft der anthroposophischen Bewegung tut.
Das möchte ich Ihnen, meine lieben Freunde, allen ans Herz legen, und betrachten Sie ein solches aus dem Herzen kommende Wort als das, was ich Ihnen mitgeben möchte als den Impuls, der schon weiter wirken wird.
Denken Sie in einer geistigen Bewegung daran, diese geistige Bewegung für das praktische Leben fruchtbar zu machen, dann muß man diese geistige Bewegung als eine lebendige ansehen.
Das zur Kraft, zur Steuer und zum guten Wirken Ihres Willens, meine lieben Freunde!
Twelfth Lecture
Well, we will begin by asking you to express your various wishes, and then I will conclude the course. So please tell me now what still burns in your hearts in order to progress further.
Albrecht Strohschein: I would like to say that we have no further questions.
Now, these discussions have dealt with the deepening of our Waldorf school pedagogy to the point of educational methods that address the so-called abnormal child. And you have seen from the discussions that the abnormal child must actually be assessed in a different way if it is to be treated appropriately, than the so-called normal child, but that it must also be assessed differently by the educator and teacher than it is assessed in lay circles today, where one usually stops at pointing out the abnormality and not going back to what actually underlies it. Today, we are still not as far along as Goethe was in a certain elementary way in his observation of plant growth and plant life. Goethe looked with particular joy at the deformities that arise in plants. And among the most interesting articles to be found in Goethe's writings are those that deal with these malformations, where some organ of the plant, which one is accustomed to finding in a certain, so-called normal form, either grows beyond the norm in size, or is abnormally structured, or sometimes even sprouts organs that are normally located elsewhere, and so on. It is precisely in the fact that the plant can manifest itself in such malformations that Goethe sees the best clues for arriving at the actual idea of the archetypal plant. For he knows that what lies behind the plant as an idea is particularly evident in such malformations; so that if we were to observe a series of plants and see how the root can become deformed, how the leaf, the stem, the flower, and even the fruit can be malformed—of course, this must be observed in a series of plants—then we would be able to see the archetypal plant directly from the observation of these deformities.
And so it is, basically, with all living things, including those living in the spirit. We are increasingly coming to realize that what lives behind the human race and manifests itself in abnormalities is what actually reveals the spirituality of the human race to the outside world. And when we look at things in this way, we also come to realize how people thought and viewed things in earlier times, when education was seen as something very close to healing. Healing was seen as a bringing together of what had been formed by Ahriman and Lucifer with that which holds the middle ground between Lucifer and Ahriman in the sense of the progress of the good spiritual. Balance between Ahriman and Lucifer was seen in healing. And when, in a much higher sense, it was seen that human beings must first be brought into balance through education during their lives, it was also seen in a certain sense that there was still something abnormal in the child, something that was actually sick in a certain respect and needed to be healed, so that the original words for healing and educating had exactly the same meaning. Education heals the so-called normal human being, and healing is only a specialization for the so-called abnormal human being.
Now, it is quite natural that if one considers such a basis to be correct, one must then continue in this direction and ask further questions. Actually, with every illness that arises from within, we are dealing with something spiritual, but ultimately also with every illness that arises within in response to an external insult. For even in the case of a broken leg, what occurs is a reaction of the inner to the outer, and surgery would do well to be inspired by such a view. But when one looks at these things, one comes to the question to an even greater degree: How should the child actually be treated in terms of the whole approach to the physical and the spiritual-soul? Both are very closely connected in children, and one must not believe that when one gives a child any kind of material medicine, it will only have a physical effect on the child, as is assumed today. A substance has a much more spiritual effect on a child than it does on an adult. And the effect of breast milk is that it contains what older ways of thinking called the good mummy, as opposed to the bad mummy that lives in other waste products. The whole mother lives in breast milk. So we have something living there as a force that has actually only changed its region within the human organism. Until the birth of the child, it is essentially active in the region that mainly belongs to the metabolic-limb system; after birth, it is mainly active in the region of the rhythmic system. So these forces migrate one level higher in the organism. As they migrate one level higher, they lose their ego content, which was essentially active during the embryonic period, but still retain their astral content. When the same forces that are active in breast milk rise one level higher, to the head, they also lose their astral content and would only have an effect on the physical and etheric organization. However, this is the basis for the harmful effect on the mother when these forces rise to the higher level. This is where we see all the abnormal phenomena that occur in the mother.
So in breast milk we still have astral-forming forces that have a thoroughly spiritual effect, and we need only consider the responsibility that falls on us when we now allow the child to switch to its own nutrition, where today there is no longer any awareness of how the spiritual actually works everywhere in the outer world: how, rising from the root to the blossom and fruit, the plant becomes more and more spiritual and acts more and more spiritually. If we start at the root of the plant, we have there what initially acts most unspiritually as the root. The root has a relatively strong physical and etheric relationship to its entire environment, but a life begins in the blossom of the plant that stretches toward the astral realm as if in longing. The plant becomes more spiritual as it grows upward. And so we must ask ourselves further: How does this root of the plant relate to the world as a whole? Its relationship to the world is its ingrowth into the earth. Yes, my dear friends, this root is ingrown into the earth just as we are ingrown with our heads into the open air and light, so that we can say: down here we have the plant's perception, the head-like, and up here we have the plant's digestible, nourishing part (see plate 15). Up here, in the plant, we have plate i5, which contains what the metabolic-limb system longs for and is therefore also related to the human metabolic-limb system. And if we look at breast milk on the one hand and on the other hand at what hovers above the plant as the astrality longed for by the plant, then from an occult point of view there is an enormously close relationship — not a complete similarity — between the astrality that comes from the mother with breast milk and the astrality that floats from the cosmos to the plant blossom.
All these things are not said so that one may know something theoretical, but so that one may develop the right feelings toward what is in the environment of the human being and enters into the sphere of his or her actions and deeds. And so we will have to strive to gradually accustom the child to external nutrition, to stimulate and support its metabolic system with fruit and blossoms, and to gently supplement what it needs to do with its head with root vegetables. These things should really only be acquired theoretically, I would say, at the outset. In practice, they should be poured into the handling, but in a spiritual way.
You see, what comes into play now is that today it is extremely difficult to look into the human being at all from what one learns in all areas. The gaze is constantly distracted from what is essential. Today, people are not trained to look at what is essential. It is true that in the first half of the 19th century, the eye for what is essential died out completely. In the first half of the 19th century, there was still an idea that today only lives on in language, in the genius of language. It could be characterized in the following way: When you look at the human race as a whole, there are all kinds of different diseases. These different diseases could be written down in abstract terms. If you wrote them down on a flat surface, you could create a kind of map: in one corner the related diseases, in the other corner the deadly ones, you could arrange them nicely; then you would have such a map of diseases, and you would be able to see where a child who is organized in a certain way belongs. And you could imagine how what appears as a tendency to disease would be drawn schematically on sheets of wax paper, and you would write the name of a child where it belongs. Now imagine that you had such an idea, that you did that.
In the first half of the 19th century, people still believed that wherever diseases had to be written down, animal names could always be written instead. They still believed that the animal kingdom writes all kinds of diseases into nature. Every animal, when viewed correctly, represents a disease. For the animal, the disease is healthy, so to speak. If this animal enters the human being, instead of its own organization, the human being degenerates toward the organization of the animal, and is sick. Such ideas were not only held by superstitious people in the first half of the 19th century, but were even held by Hegel, and were a thoroughly viable idea. Just consider how clear you can become about the essence of any human being when you can say that he degenerates into a lion, an eagle, a beast, or even that he degenerates into a human being who is drawn too strongly into the spiritual realm. Or if you go further and realize that when, say, the etheric body becomes too soft, you have a strong affinity of the etheric body to physical substance, and you then find in humans the organization that can otherwise only be found in the lower animal kingdom. These are fundamental ideas that you must acquire. And what you, in turn, must achieve as an educator for self-education lies in the following.
You can start with very specific meditations. A particularly powerful educational meditation is the one I have given you here. But you will see what you practice as meditation with a certain orientation within yourself in its fruitfulness by being carried along, as it were, in absentia corporis, in your feelings, in the absence of the body, as if in an astral wave bath, driven into a world that quietly undulates before you and gives you the opportunity to see things around you that then provide answers to your questions. In order to attain such possibilities at all, you must actually, and not merely theoretically, hold fast to what is given, for example, as preconditions for meditative development in “How to Attain Knowledge of Higher Worlds.”
Isn't it true that what is given as an obstacle to such development is human egoism in the sense that people concentrate their judgment too much on their own ego? Just consider what concentration on one's own ego actually means. We have our physical body, which originates from Saturn times and is artfully formed in four majestic stages. We have the etheric body, which has been artfully transformed three times, and we have the astral body, which has been transformed twice. None of these fall within the realm of earthly consciousness; only the ego falls within the realm of earthly consciousness. But actually, this is only an illusion of the ego, for the true ego can only be seen by looking back into a previous incarnation. The present is only the becoming and will only become a reality in the following incarnation. The ego is only the baby. And those who see through things, when someone is really swimming in their egoism, have the imagination of a voluptuous nanny who feels lust in her heart towards the little child; but there the lust is justified, because there the child is different. But now, in contrast to egoism, we have the image of a person tenderly embracing the baby, this child. And today people walk around like this — if one were to paint them astraliter, one would have to paint them carrying their child in one arm. — The Egyptians were still able to form the well-known scarab, where the ego was at least carried by the head organization. Today's human being carries his own ego in his arms and cradles it tenderly. Comparing this image with what one does as a daily activity is, in turn, an extremely useful meditation for the educator. And then one is led into what I have described as swimming in a bath of spiritual waves. — Questions are answered from these perspectives, which naturally include the inner peace that one must seek to preserve for such moments. And one immediately recognizes whether someone is predisposed to experience any development in this direction. This can be recognized by whether or not they complain about distractions. Those who are undergoing development never complain that they might be held back. For in reality, one is not held back by this or that. It is conceivable that someone might engage in the most effective meditation before a decisive action that follows immediately thereafter, or again after a decisive action, with complete forgetfulness of what they experienced in the action. For what matters is that one has the power to tear oneself away from one world and find one's way into another. And that is the beginning of all invocation of inner forces.
See, observe what a difference it makes when you approach the child more or less indifferently, or when you approach the child with real love. As soon as you approach the child with real love, as soon as you stop believing that technical tricks can do more than real love, the effectiveness of education becomes immediately apparent, especially with abnormal children.
And so it is that every foundation for a specific activity within the anthroposophical movement should actually be seen as the blossoming of a certain attitude. The things that are indicated should really only be seen as the roots from which the plant of attitude sprouts. And there it is really necessary that, above all, the substantial anthroposophical be felt as a reality. And you will achieve nothing, that can be said in advance, if you accept what you have taken in here only as something you have just experienced and which has not shaped your attitude. That was once, I would say, the self-evident, but still more self-evident, prerequisite underlying what is now to exist as the Anthroposophical Society since the Christmas Conference. What emanates from the Goetheanum in its institutions must be regarded as very real, and so in the future it cannot be otherwise than that what is to have an anthroposophical effect in the future will pass through the various sections. For, according to all that you feel from such discussions, this Anthroposophical Society must become an organism in which responsibilities work like lifeblood. And things already work together in the right way when they are felt correctly. Just as the heart and kidneys must work together for certain organizational functions in the human organism in order to create a unified whole, so too must the sections that cultivate within themselves the substance for which they are particularly responsible work together for what you are striving for. But those who then undertake something in the world must allow what emanates from the sections to work together in their actions, and one must take anthroposophical work seriously.
So, suppose you have the intention of working for disadvantaged children. Then you must first consider what lives in the anthroposophical movement as a pedagogical current. The pedagogical current must be something that, as it is, must flow into your own activity. It must be clear to you that in what the actual pedagogical stream contains, you have before you that which heals the typical human being so that he can take his place in the world. You must then be clear that the Medical Section can give you only that which can deepen pedagogy in relation to human abnormality. And if you delve into this in the right way, you will soon find that it cannot be given in the way that one hears: this is good for that, that is good for this — but only through the creation of a continuous, living connection. This tearing apart of the living connection is something that should not be there. A certain egoism must not begin to arise in specialized work, but only the longing to place oneself within the whole. As eurythmy therapy approaches curative education, the whole of eurythmy approaches curative education. From this you should see that a living connection must also be sought in this direction, which should also be expressed in the fact that, to a certain extent, those who practice eurythmy therapy should have the foundations of eurythmy. Eurythmy therapy should grow out of a general knowledge of speech and tone eurythmy, even if it has not been brought to artistic perfection. But then, above all, it must penetrate the human being that he must connect with the human being, and so, where eurythmy therapy is practiced, there can be no other option than to seek the support of the physician. And a condition was set when eurythmy therapy was given, that it should not be practiced without the connection to the physician. All this already points to how intricately, how vividly intertwined the things that are lived out in anthroposophy must become.But there is more to it than that: in the future, the Anthroposophical Society will face a decision that will be very intense: Are the responsibilities to be maintained, or are they not to be maintained? — You don't have to believe it, but you can see it from everything that is happening: at the time when the Christmas Conference was to be set up, these responsibilities were sharply focused on with an exclusivity that may have been cruelly touching in relation to the quality of the human personalities that are present there. Since the Executive Council at the Goetheanum was formed on the basis of such documents, it is inevitable that this Executive Council should be regarded as the fully authoritative body within the Anthroposophical Society. For the individual matters that come under consideration, this Executive Council must simply be regarded as the fully authoritative body. Will this be understood in the future within the anthroposophical movement, or not?
And that is what must be said, especially in the case of a foundation such as yours, as a kind of laying of the foundation stone. If criticism does not cease at some point in human relations — for criticism never refers to the content of the scholar, but to the content of what is being done — — if this criticism does not cease, if there is not actually a principle of authority — not in teaching, but in action — especially in relation to things where the occult is at work, then it will be impossible for the anthroposophical movement to become what it must become if it is to remain. The veiled opposition to those who have responsibilities is something that cannot continue in the future; and then membership of the school will have to provide the necessary corrective, in that if the necessary understanding does not arise, membership of the school must cease. One could say that before the Christmas Conference, because there was no executive committee with the intention of working esoterically, thinking and feeling were left to me. And to the fullest extent, everyone in the society made use of the will as they saw fit. That was the original phenomenon until the Christmas Conference. When it came to turning to thinking or feeling in anthroposophical matters, people came to me in much the same way as one goes to a cobbler to have boots made. This was all the more intense because people did not notice it, but believed the opposite. But the whole thing can only be cured if there is a real awareness that there is also a social will emanating from the Executive Council at the Goetheanum. And then people will be able to find their way into this will, understandingly and truly without compulsion.
But the way of thinking is very strange. It clings so much to words. It struck me as grotesque yesterday how everywhere people cling to words, then exaggerate them and, heated by words, turn their longings into actions. So I am supposed to have said in Breslau about the Executive Council of the Free Anthroposophical Society that the others are now out and the rump Executive Council has remained behind. From this it was immediately judged: this is a rump Executive Council, now it must be given a head. — Well, you see, the fact underlying this is that people cling to a word: Because the head was once called a rump in common parlance, people cling to this word, while completely overlooking the fact that the Executive Council at the Goetheanum is, for the time being, in complete agreement with this so-called rump Executive Council. Otherwise, it would have said something or other about it. But since it has not said anything, the fact remains that it is in agreement for the time being. And so it is a matter of judging according to the facts.
This is of the utmost importance if one is to get along with the anthroposophical movement. It is therefore necessary that you understand your foundation in Lauenstein, which can indeed give rise to the greatest hopes, in such a way that it works in complete harmony with the entire anthroposophical movement; that, on the one hand, you are imbued with the awareness that the anthroposophical movement will cherish and nurture that to which it says “yes” in this way, but can only cherish and nurture it in accordance with its institutions today after the Christmas Conference. But on the other hand, it must also be the case that such a member then in turn does what it does to increase the power of the anthroposophical movement.
I would like to recommend this to all of you, my dear friends, and consider such a heartfelt word as something I would like to give you as an impulse that will continue to have an effect.
In a spiritual movement, remember to make this spiritual movement fruitful for practical life, then one must regard this spiritual movement as a living one.
May this be for the strength, guidance, and good work of your will, my dear friends!
