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Awareness - Life - Form
GA 89

Private instruction, Berlin-Schlachtensee, 3 July 1904

Part II: 6. Evolution and Involution

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In thinking of the evolution of a planetary system we have to consider the following. Evolution happens in such a way that for every entity, two processes, evolution and involution, are always alternating.89These two concepts are among the most important in Rudolf Steiner’s science of the spirit. See e.g. lectures given in Berlin on 11 November and 23 December 1904 in The Temple Legend (see note 22). In two public lectures given in Berlin on 3 November and 1 December 1904 [in German] in Ursprung und Ziel des Menschen GA 53, he considered an aspect of the alternation between form and life in cultural history. The Appendix to Part 2 in this volume shows that a third concept, ‘creation out of nothing’, goes hand in hand with these two. We therefore have to think of the seven as going through evolution and involution.

In the next planet, each of the rules has to advance by one level. 8 is the evolved 7. In evolving further, they evolve into the other. When the 7th has been reached, the process cannot continue. If 7 were to become 8, the process would have existed before, it would be nothing but repetition of the first, or 7 at another level. As we move on, we see that the leaders themselves change. We then have 12 regents and a 13th who is superfluous. This 13th takes the whole planet to a state, which is as it was in the beginning, only at a higher level.

We have to end with 12. In every planetary chain system we thus have not 7 but 12 sublime guiding spirits. Among them, only the 8th is not in action in the first, and so on. (Our concepts belong to the rupic mental world, these spirits are beyond our ability to conceive; we thus speak not of one proceeding from another but of relationships - timeless).

These spirits have been acknowledged as regents in symbols, for instance in the zodiac, with the sun moving through them. Enhancement of conscious awareness in microcosmic evolution also corresponds to the stages in the macrocosm. So that the number 12 has always been important and there have always been 12 guiding spirits everywhere: 12 tribes of Israel, 12 apostles, 12 knights of the Grail. Both macrocosmically and microcosmically, 12 is therefore the sacred number on which everything is based. 7 are in action, 5 have other work to do. For the physical planet, only 7 come into consideration, which is also why only 7 of the 12 principles of the human being are taught.90(see note 3): ‘As the external eye looks into distant grey mists, so the inner eye of the seer looks in wide expanse of spirit at another five forms of conscious awareness which, however, are quite impossible to describe. All in all we may thus speak of twelve levels of conscious awareness.’

Mental derivation from spirits that lie beyond the mental.

We can best get an idea of how evolution relates to involution if we consider some aspects of history.

Evolution and involution always go together as opposites. Consider Greek sculpture. The form was brought out; the intrinsic essence remained inward. Let us now consider Renaissance painting. In Greek sculpture we had involution of colour, evolution of form. When we let painting develop from sculpture we have form in involution, colour in evolution. Something, which before had been involution changed later to become evolution.

The 16th century marked the beginning of personal mental and knowledge-related development. It was preceded by the age of painting (from Cimabue onwards) in the High Renaissance. In the work of Michelangelo, the personal kama manasic element is in involution, colour and sculpted form on the other hand in evolution. The kama manas principle applied, but not through itself; it was in involution. As development proceeded, kama manas, intelligence, had to evolve in the present age. We see, therefore, that the element, which called itself ‘science’, took over from painting. People were descending out of the paintings, as it were, and saying things themselves. The painters had foreseen future, as it were, but in form and colour. People [of the modem age] have transformed into science what was there in involution. If we let Michelangelo rise again, we have Galileo [1546–1642]. The rational mind was thus evolving, whilst wisdom was involving; it was evolving in creative writing. Creative writing became the guardian of the wholly wisdom-filled. The final element was thus given not with an initiate in theory, but in creative writing. [Goethe?]

Someone who knows his mission in the present age must therefore transform the wisdom, which is there in involution, into wisdom which is thought. These are the alternating periods of involution and evolution. We can only consider a phenomenon rightly if we take account not only of what is evolved but also of what has gone through involution.

Every evolutional state of the planets that follows thus signifies a state of evolution which preceded it. Everything which is rational mind on Earth today, was involution in the preceding planet. The element which today has been cast out and down is in evolution on the other hand; kama rupa [astral or desire body], sense-perceptible nature, played the same role then as kama manas [rational mind] does today.

Not all pitris reached the normal status. Their highest principle is still kama rupa today, therefore, and they seek above all to enhance kama rupa. If, therefore, our goal or ideal is to enhance kama manas to its highest peak, we cannot say that this goal comes from this world; it is only being evolved by us. Anything of this world is kama rupa; it is given. Kama manas is the ideal. The ideal of those who consider kama rupa to be the ideal is of this world.

Thus there are two things on this Earth, apart from all else: the human being whose ideal is not of this world. For him, tempters are those who say: Stay with the pleasures of this world. These spirits, whose highest nature relates to our lowest, are called ‘Satan’ or ‘wrongful prince of this world’ in Christian esoteric language. If one who [presents himself] as a guide, someone also called ‘one who goes with the Sun’, truly wants to show the ideal, he must wholly overcome the tempter. Hence the allegorical indication that the overcoming of the final evolutional stage is represented by the temptation. The spirit which is working its way out of involution and into evolution will always fight the one that has already evolved—knight and dragon, Siegfried and the dragon.

Evolution und Involution

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Wenn wir uns die Entwickelung eines planetarischen Systems vorstellen, dann müssen wir folgendes berücksichtigen. Die Entwickelung geschieht in der Weise, daß zwei immer abwechseln für jedes Wesen: Evolution und Involution. Nun müssen wir die sieben uns vorstellen sich evolutionierend und involutionierend.

Beim nächsten Planeten hat jeder von den Regierenden um eine Stufe weiterzugehen. 8 ist die evolutionierte 7. Indem sie sich weiterentwickeln, entwickeln sie sich in den andern hinein. Beim 7. angekommen kann es nicht weitergehen. Wenn 7 zu 8 würde, würde der Vorgang schon dagewesen sein, es ist nichts als Wiederholung des ersten, 7 auf einer andern Stufe. Indem wir weiterrükken, sehen wir, daß sich die Leiter selbst verändern. Wir kriegen 12 Regenten und einen 13. Überflüssigen. Dieser 13. bringt den ganzen Planeten in einen Zustand, wie er im Anfang war, nur in einen höheren.

Mit 12 müssen wir abschließen. So daß wir in jeder Verfassung einer planetarischen Kette nicht 7, sondern 12 erhabene führende Geister haben. Von denen ist nur beim ersten der 8. nicht in Aktion und so weiter. (Unsere Begriffe gehören der rupisch-mentalen Welt an, diese Wesenheiten liegen jenseits unserer Begriffe, so daß nicht von einem Hervorgehen die Rede ist, sondern von Verhältnissen zeitlos).

Anerkannt hat man diese Wesen als 12 Regenten in Symbolen, zum Beispiel des Tierkreises, durch welche die Sonne geht. Entsprechend den Etappen des Makrokosmos ist auch die Bewußtseinssteigerung der mikrokosmischen Entwickelung. So daß die 12-Zahl immer maßgebend gewesen ist und es 12 führende Geister gegeben hat überall: 12 Stämme Israels, 12 Apostel, 12 Ritter vom Gral. Sowohl makrokosmisch wie mikrokosmisch ist also 12 die heilige Zahl, die allem zugrunde liegt. 7 sind in Aktion, 5 haben andere Aufgaben. Für den physischen Planeten kommen nur 7 in Betracht, daher auch von 12 nur 7 Prinzipien des Menschen gelehrt werden.

Mentale Ableitung von Wesen, die jenseits des Mentalen liegen.

Wir können uns den besten Begriff machen von dem, wie Evolution und Involution einander gegenüberstehen, indem wir einiges Geschichtliche anführen.

Evolution und Involution stehen sich immer gegenüber. Betrachten wir die griechische Plastik: Die Form ist ausgeprägt, das eigentlich Wesentliche bleibt innen. Blicken wir nun auf die Malerei der Renaissance. Bei der griechischen Plastik: Involution der Farbe, Evolution der Form. Lassen wir aus der Plastik die Malerei sich entwickeln, so haben wir Form in Involution, Farbe in Evolution. Was früher in Involution war, geht später in Evolution über.

Mit dem 16. Jahrhundert beginnt das Zeitalter der persönlich mentalen und der wissenschaftlichen Entwickelung. Ihm voran ging das Zeitalter der Malerei (seit Cimabue) in der Hochrenaissance. In Michelangelo erscheint das persönliche Kama-Manasische in Involution, dagegen Farbe und Plastik in Evolution. Das Prinzip von Kama-Manas spricht an, aber nicht durch sich selbst, es ist in Involution. Geht die Entwickelung weiter, so muß Kama-Manas, Intelligenz, sich evolvieren in der neuen Zeit. Daher sehen wir, daß das, was sich Wissenschaft nennt, die Malerei ablöst. Die Menschen steigen gleichsam von den Bildern herab und reden selbst. Die Maler haben gleichsam Zukunft vorausgesehen, aber in Form und Farbe. Die Menschen [der Neuzeit] haben in Wissenschaft umgesetzt, was dort involviert ist. Lassen wir Michelangelo auferstehen, so haben wir Galilei [1564-1642]. Während also der Verstand evolutioniert, war wieder involviert die Weisheit und evolviert sich in der Dichtung. Die Dichtung wird Bewahrerin des Weisheitsvollen. Daher ist Abschluß gegeben nicht mit einem Initüierten in der Theorie, sondern in der Dichtung. [Goethe?]

So daß, wer seine Mission in bezug auf die Gegenwart erkennt, die dort involutionierte Weisheit umsetzen muß in gedachte Weisheit. Das sind die Wechselperioden von Involution und Evolution. Wir können eine Erscheinung erst richtig betrachten, wenn wir nicht nur berücksichtigen, was evolviert wird, sondern auch das Involutionierte.

Jeder folgende Evolutionszustand der Planeten bezeichnet also einen vorangegangenen Involutionszustand. Alles, was heute auf der Erde Verstand ist, war im vorangegangenen Planeten Involution. Dagegen evolutioniert das, was heute nach unten abgestoßen ist: Kama-Rupa [Astral- oder Begierdenleib], die sinnliche Natur, spielte damals dieselbe Rolle wie heute Kama-Manas [Verstandesbewußtsein].

Nicht alle Pitris hatten den Normalzustand erreicht. Deren höchstes Prinzip ist also heute noch Kama-Rupa und die streben vor allem an, Kama-Rupa zu veredeln. Ist also unser Ziel oder Ideal die Veredelung von Kama-Manas bis zum höchsten Gipfel, können wir nicht sagen, daß dieses Ziel von dieser Welt ist; es wird von uns erst evolviert. Was von dieser Welt ist, ist Kama-Rupa, es ist das Gegebene. Kama-Manas ist das Ideal. Deren Ideal ist von dieser Welt, die Kama-Rupa noch als Ideal betrachten.

Zweierlei ist also auf dieser Erde, neben allem übrigen: der Mensch, der sein Ideal nicht von dieser Welt hat. Versucher sind für ihn die, die ihm sagen: Halte dich an die Freuden dieser Welt. Diese Wesenheiten, deren höchste Natur mit unserer niedrigen verwandt ist, nennt man christlich-esoterisch Satan oder widerrechtlicher Fürst dieser Welt. Will also derjenige, der als Führer [auftritt], den man auch Sonnenläufer nennt, wirklich das Ideal zeigen, muß er vollständig den Versucher überwinden. Daher die sinnbildliche Andeutung, daß die Überwindung der letzten Evolutionsstufe durch die Versuchung dargestellt wird. Immer bekämpft das Wesen, das sich aus der Involution in die Evolution herausarbeitet, das schon evolutionierte Wesen: Ritter und Drachen, Siegfried und Lindwurm.

Evolution und Involution

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When we imagine the development of a planetary system, we must take the following into account. Development occurs in such a way that two things always alternate for every being: evolution and involution. Now we must imagine the seven evolving and involuting.

On the next planet, each of the rulers has to go one step further. 8 is the evolved 7. As they evolve, they develop into the others. Once they reach 7, they cannot go any further. If 7 became 8, the process would already have taken place; it is nothing more than a repetition of the first, 7 on another level. As we move on, we see that the leaders themselves change. We get 12 rulers and a 13th superfluous one. This 13th brings the whole planet into a state as it was in the beginning, only in a higher one.

We must conclude with 12. So that in every constitution of a planetary chain we have not 7, but 12 exalted leading spirits. Of these, only the first of the 8 is not in action, and so on. (Our concepts belong to the Ruppish-mental world; these beings lie beyond our concepts, so that there is no question of emergence, but of timeless relationships).

These beings have been recognized as 12 rulers in symbols, for example, of the zodiac through which the sun passes. The increase in consciousness of microcosmic development corresponds to the stages of the macrocosm. Thus, the number 12 has always been decisive, and there have been 12 leading spirits everywhere: 12 tribes of Israel, 12 apostles, 12 knights of the Grail. Both macrocosmically and microcosmically, 12 is therefore the sacred number that underlies everything. Seven are in action, five have other tasks. Only 7 are relevant to the physical planet, which is why only 7 of the 12 principles of man are taught.

Mental derivation of beings that lie beyond the mental realm.

We can best understand how evolution and involution relate to each other by looking at some historical examples.

Evolution and involution are always opposed to each other. Let us consider Greek sculpture: the form is pronounced, the essential remains inside. Now let us look at Renaissance painting. In Greek sculpture: involution of color, evolution of form. If we allow painting to develop from sculpture, we have form in involution and color in evolution. What was previously in involution later passes into evolution.

The 16th century marks the beginning of the age of personal mental and scientific development. It was preceded by the age of painting (since Cimabue) in the High Renaissance. In Michelangelo, the personal Kama-Manasic appears in involution, while color and sculpture appear in evolution. The principle of Kama-Manas appeals, but not through itself; it is in involution. As development continues, Kama-Manas, intelligence, must evolve in the new era. Therefore, we see that what is called science is replacing painting. People are, as it were, stepping down from the pictures and speaking for themselves. Painters have, as it were, foreseen the future, but in form and color. People [of modern times] have translated what is involved there into science. If we resurrect Michelangelo, we have Galileo [1564-1642]. So while the intellect evolves, wisdom was again involved and evolves in poetry. Poetry becomes the guardian of wisdom. Therefore, completion is not given with an intuition in theory, but in poetry. [Goethe?]

So that whoever recognizes their mission in relation to the present must translate the wisdom involved there into thought wisdom. These are the alternating periods of involution and evolution. We can only truly observe a phenomenon if we take into account not only what is evolving, but also what has involuted.

Each subsequent evolutionary state of the planets thus denotes a previous state of involution. Everything that is intellect on Earth today was involution on the previous planet. On the other hand, what is repelled downward today is evolving: Kama-Rupa [astral or desire body], the sensual nature, played the same role then as Kama-Manas [intellectual consciousness] does today.

Not all Pitris had reached the normal state. Their highest principle today is still Kama-Rupa, and they strive above all to refine Kama-Rupa. So if our goal or ideal is the refinement of Kama-Manas to the highest peak, we cannot say that this goal is of this world; it is first evolved by us. What belongs to this world is Kama-Rupa; it is the given. Kama-Manas is the ideal. Their ideal belongs to this world, which still regards Kama-Rupa as an ideal.

There are therefore two kinds of people on this earth, apart from all others: those who do not have their ideal in this world. Tempters are those who tell him: Hold on to the joys of this world. These beings, whose highest nature is related to our lowly nature, are called Satan or the unlawful prince of this world in Christian esotericism. So if the one who [appears] as a leader, also called the Sun Runner, really wants to show the ideal, he must completely overcome the tempter. Hence the symbolic suggestion that the overcoming of the last stage of evolution is represented by temptation. The being that works its way out of involution into evolution always fights the already evolved being: knights and dragons, Siegfried and Lindworm.