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The Foundations of Esotericism
GA 93a

6 October 1905, Berlin

Lecture XI

Today we are going to explain how Karma works and make clear to ourselves how it is connected with the so-called three worlds. All other worlds, with the exception of these three, hardly come into consideration when it is a question of human development; the relevant three are the physical, astral and mental worlds. During the day condition of consciousness, we are in the physical world; there, in a certain sense, we have purely and simply the physical world before us. We must only direct our senses outwards in order to have the physical world as such before us. But the moment we look on the physical world with interest, approach it with feeling, we are already partly in the astral world and only partly in the physical world. Only the beginnings of living purely in the physical world are present today in human life; for example, when one simply contemplates a work of art without experiencing any wish to possess it. Such a contemplation of a work of art is an important act of the soul, when, forgetful of self, one works as though on a spiritual task. This living purely in the physical world, forgetting oneself, is very rare. It is only seldom that nature is looked at in pure contemplation, for usually many other feelings are involved. Nevertheless, this selfless living in physical nature is of the very greatest importance; for only so can man have a true consciousness of self. In all other worlds the ordinary man is still immersed in a world of unconsciousness.

In the physical world man is not only aware of his self, he can also become selfless. His day-consciousness is however not yet selfless if he is unable to forget himself. Here the physical world is not the hindrance, but the playing in of the astral and mental worlds. If, however, he forgets himself, the separateness vanishes and he finds his ‘self’ spread out into what is outside. But it is only in physical life that present day man can develop this consciousness of self without separateness. Consciousness of self we call the ego. Man can only become conscious of self within an environment. Only when he gains senses adapted to a particular world can he become self-conscious in that world. Now he only has senses for the physical world but the other worlds continually play into the consciousness of self and cloud it. When feelings play into it, it is the astral world; when one thinks, the mental world plays into the consciousness.

Most people's thoughts are nothing more than reflections of the environment. It is very rare to have thoughts which are not so connected. Man only has such higher thoughts when senses awaken for the mental world, so that he not only thinks the thoughts, but perceives them around him as beings. He then has the same consciousness of self in the mental world as that possessed by the Chela, the Initiate. When someone tries to eliminate first the physical world around him, then all impulses, passions, changes of mood and so on, usually no thoughts are left. Let us only try to picture everything that influences man inasmuch as he lives in space and time. Let us try to call up before the soul everything connected with the place where we live and the time in which we live. Everything that the soul continually has within it as thoughts is dependent on space and time. All this has a transient value. One must therefore pass on from the reflected impressions of the senses and allow an enduring thought content to live in one in order gradually to develop devachanic senses. A sentence such as that from ‘Light on the Path,’ “Before the eyes can see they must give up tears”,*The original English of Mabel Collins is “Before the eyes can see they must be incapable of tears.” holds good for all times and all places. When we allow such a sentence to live within us, then something lives in us which is beyond space and time. This is a means, a force, which gradually allows devachanic senses to awaken in the soul for the eternal in the world.

Thus man has his share in the three worlds. It is only gradually however that he has come into this situation. He was not always in the physical world; only by degrees did he become physical and acquire physical senses. Previously he was on the higher planes. He descended from the Astral Plane to the Physical and before this from the Mental Plane. The latter we divide into two parts, the Lower Mental or Rupa Plane, where everything is already differentiated, and the Upper Mental or Arupa Plane, where everything's undifferentiated in a germinal condition. Man has descended from the Arupa Plane through the Rupa Plane and the Astral Plane to the Physical Plane. Only on the Physical Plane did he become conscious of self. On the Astral Plane he is not conscious of self and on the Rupa and Arupa Planes still less so. On the Physical Plane man for the first time came into contact with external objects in his immediate surroundings. Whenever a being encounters external objects, this marks the beginning of self-awareness. On the higher planes life was still completely enclosed within itself. When man lived on the Astral Plane the only reality he had arose out of his own inner life. This was in its very nature a picture consciousness. Even though this was a vivid experience it was nevertheless only a picture that arose within him. Of this, present daydreams are only a weak reminder. When for instance an astral human being approached salt, this affected him unconsciously and a picture of it would have arisen within him. If he approached someone who was sympathetic to him he would not have seen him externally, but a feeling of sympathy would have arisen within him. This life in the astral was one of absolute selfhood and separateness. Only on the physical plane can man relinquish his separateness, in that through the medium of his senses he perceives objects, merges himself with his surroundings, with the Not-I. Therein lies the importance of the physical plane. If man had not set foot on the physical plane, he would never have been able to relinquish his separateness and turn his senses outwards. This is actually where work on the development of selflessness begins. Everything except pure contemplation of physical things belongs more to the Ego. One must accustom oneself to live on higher planes just as selflessly as man has begun to do on the physical plane, albeit up to now but rarely. The objects of the physical plane compel man to become selfless and to give something to the object, which is Not-I. In regard to wishes, to that which lives in the soul, man still orders his life in accordance with his desires. On the physical plane he must learn to renounce, to free his wishes from self. That is the first step.

The next step is to order himself not according to his own wishes but according to those coming to him from outside. Further, when man consciously and out of his own will does not act in accordance with the thoughts that arise within him, but surrenders himself to thoughts which are not his own, then he soars upwards to the Devachanic Plane.

We must therefore seek in the higher worlds for something lying outside us in order to relate ourselves to it as we do to objects in the physical world. Hence, we must consider the wishes of the Initiates. The occult student learns to know the wishes which are right for humanity and he orders himself in accordance with them, just as through external compulsion one orders oneself according to sense objects. Culture and the education of wishes lead us to the Astral Plane.

When one becomes selfless in thoughts, allowing the eternal thoughts of the Masters of Wisdom to pass through our souls—through concentration and meditation on the thoughts of the Masters—then one also perceives the thoughts of the surrounding world. The occult student can already become a Master on the Astral Plane, but on the Mental Plane this is only possible for the higher Masters.

In the first place man stands before us in his physical nature. He lives at the same time in the Astral and Mental Worlds, but has self-awareness only in the physical world. He must traverse the entire physical world until his awareness of self has absorbed everything that the physical world can teach him. Here man says to himself: ‘I’. He connects his ‘I’ with the things around him, learns to expand his ‘I’ through contemplation; it flows outwards and becomes one with the objects which he has completely comprehended. If we had already comprehended the entire physical world we should no longer need it, for then we should have it within us. At present however man has within him only a part of the physical world. The human being who is born as a Lemurian in his first incarnation, who is just at the point of directing his ego towards the physical world, knows as yet but little of it. When however he comes to his last incarnation, he must have united the entire physical world with his ‘I’.

In the physical world man is left to himself, here nobody leads him, he is in very truth god-forsaken. When he came forth from the astral world the Gods forsook him. In the physical world he had to learn to become his own master. Here therefore he can only live, as he actually does live, swinging pendulum-wise between truth and error. He must grope about and seek his way for himself. Now for the most part he is groping in the dark. His gaze is turned outwards; he has freedom of choice, but he is also exposed to error. On the Astral Plane man had no such freedom; there he was subject to compulsion from the powers standing behind him. Like a kind of marionette he still dangled on the strings of the Gods; they still had to guide him. In so far as man today is still a soul being, the Gods still live in him. Here freedom and unfreedom are strongly mixed. His wishes are continually changing. This ebb and flow of wishes proceeds from within. Here it is the Gods who are working in man.

Man is still less free on the Rupa Plane of the Mental World, and even less free on the Arupa Plane of the Higher Mental World. Man gradually becomes free on the Physical Plane the more, through knowledge, he has become incapable of error.

To the same degree that he works on the Physical Plane and learns to know it, he gains the faculty of carrying up into the Arupa Plane what he has learned to know in the physical world. The Arupa Plane is in itself formless, but gains form through human life. Man gathers the results of the lessons he has learned on the Physical Plane and carries these, as firmly established forms in the soul, up into the Arupa Plane. This is why in the Greek Mysteries the soul was called a bee, the Arupa Plane a beehive and the physical earth a field of flowers. This was taught in the Greek Mysteries.

Now what was it that drove the soul down on to the Physical Plane? It was desire, craving: in no other way does one descend to a lower plane except through desire. Previously the soul was in the Astral World; this is the world of wishes. Everything which the Gods in the Astral World have implanted into human beings was purely a world of wishes. The most outstanding attribute of these Pre-Lemurian beings was the wish for the physical. Man at that time had a real craving for the physical: he had within him an unconscious, blind craving for the physical. This craving is only to be appeased through its satisfaction. Through the ideas, through the aspects of knowledge which he gains, this craving for the physical disappears.

After death the soul goes to the Astral Plane and thence to the Rupa and Arupa Planes. What the soul has gained it deposits there. What it has not yet brought with it, what is still unknown, drives it down again; this engenders the longing for new incarnations. How long the soul remains on the Arupa Plane depends upon how much the human being has gained on the Physical Plane. In the case of the savage this is very little and so in his case there is only a weak flashing up on to the Arupa Plane. Then he descends again to the physical world. One who has learned everything in the physical world no longer needs to leave the Arupa Plane, no longer needs to return to the Physical Plane, for he has fulfilled his duty in the physical world.

In regard to his astral being, man today still half belongs to the astral world. The astral sheath has been half broken through and he perceives the world of the physical through his senses. When he succeeds in living on the Astral Plane as he now lives on the Physical Plane, when he learns to make observations there in a similar way, then he also carries the perceptions of the Astral Plane up to the Arupa Plane. What he then bears upwards from the Astral Plane streams however still higher from the Arupa Plane up to the next higher, the Buddhi Plane. That too which he achieves on the Rupa Plane through meditation and concentration he takes with him up to the Arupa Plane and there gives it over to still higher Planes.

That part of man which is astral is opened half towards the physical world and half towards higher worlds. When it is opened to the physical world he allows himself to be directed by the perceptions of the sense world. From the other side he is subject to direction from above. The same is the case with his mental body. The latter is also partly directed from outside and partly directed from the inner world by the Gods, the Devas. Because this is so man must dream and sleep.

Now we can also understand the nature of sleeping and dreaming. To dream means to turn towards the inner Deva-forces. Man dreams almost the whole night only he does not remember it. During sleep the mental body is continually guided by the Devas. Man has as yet no consciousness of self on the higher planes, hence in dream he is not self-conscious. He begins to be so on the Astral Plane. In deep sleep he is on the Mental Plane. There he has absolutely no self-consciousness. It is only on the Physical Plane that man is awake. Here his ego is present and finds its full expression. The astral ego cannot yet fully express itself on the Physical Plane and must therefore at times leave the body. Man must sleep in order that this can take place. The conditions of dreaming and sleeping are only a repetition of earlier development. On the Astral Plane he was in a state of dream, on the Mental Plane he slept. He repeats these conditions every night. Only when he has acquired senses for the other planes does he no longer dream and no longer sleep, but he then perceives realities. The occult pupil learns to perceive such realities on the Astral Plane. He then has a reality around him. Whoever carries his development to a still higher stage is surrounded by a reality even in deep sleep. Then begins continuity of consciousness.

One must understand this sequence of delicate concepts; then one comprehends why man, when he has been on the higher planes again descends. What he does not yet know, what he has not yet recognised, what the Buddhists call Avidja, not-knowing, drives him back into physical existence. Avidja is the first of the forces of karma. According to Buddhistic teaching there are twelve Karmic forces which drive man down. These together are called Nidanas. As man gradually descends, the way in which Karma takes hold becomes apparent. Avidja is the first effect. It is the opposite pole to what meets man on the physical plane. Because he treads the physical plane and there unites himself with something, a reaction is called forth. Action always calls forth reaction. Everything that man does in the physical world also produces a reaction and works back as Karma. Action and reaction is the technique, the mechanism of Karma.

XI

Wie Karma wirkt, wollen wir uns heute veranschaulichen und uns klarmachen, wie es sich in den sogenannten drei Welten verhält. Alle anderen Welten außer diesen drei, kommen für die menschliche Entwickelung wenig in Betracht, wohl aber die physische, astrale und mentale Welt. Während des Zustandes des Tagwachens sind wir in der physischen Welt; da haben wir in einer gewissen Beziehung die physische Welt rein vor uns. Wir müssen nur unsere Sinne hinausrichten, um die physische Welt rein vor uns zu haben. Aber in dem Augenblick, da wir die physische Welt mit Interesse ansehen, ihr mit unserer Empfindung entgegentreten, sind wir schon zum Teil in der astralischen Welt und nur zum Teil wirklich in der physischen Welt. Nur die Anfänge zu einem rein in der physischen Welt leben, sind im Menschenleben vorhanden; zum Beispiel wenn man ein Kunstwerk, ohne den Wunsch, es besitzen zu wollen, rein kontemplativ betrachtet. Solche Betrachtung eines Kunstwerkes ist ein wichtiger seelischer Akt, wenn man, sich selbst vergessend, daran rein als an einer mentalen Aufgabe arbeitet. Dieses reine, sich selbst vergessende in der physischen Welt leben, ist sehr selten. Der Mensch betrachtet die Natur nur selten in reiner Kontemplation, sondern empfindet noch vieles andere dabei. Dennoch ist das selbstlose Leben in der physischen Natur das Allerwichtigste, denn nur dadurch kann er ein Selbstbewußtsein haben; in allen anderen Welten ist der gewöhnliche Mensch jetzt noch in eine Welt des Unbewußten getaucht.

In der physischen Welt ist der Mensch nicht nur selbstbewußt, er kann in ihr auch selbstlos werden. Sein Tagesbewußtsein ist aber noch nicht selbstlos, wenn er sich nicht selbst vergißt. Daran hindert ihn nicht die physische Welt, sondern das Hereinspielen der Astral- und Mentalwelt. Wenn er aber sich selbst vergißt, dann ist die Sonderheit verschwunden und er findet sein Selbst draußen ausgebreitet. Der Mensch kann gegenwärtig aber nur im physischen Leben dieses Selbstbewußtsein ohne Sonderheit ausbilden. Das Selbstbewußtsein nennen wir das Ich. Der Mensch kann nur selbstbewußt werden an der Umgebung. Erst wenn er Sinne gewinnt für eine Welt, dann wird er in der betreffenden Welt selbstbewußt. Jetzt hat er nur Sinne für die physische Welt, aber die anderen Welten spielen fortwährend in das Selbstbewußtsein hinein und trüben es. Wenn die Empfindungen hineinspielen, so ist das die astrale Welt; wenn der Mensch denkt, so spielt die mentale Welt in das Bewußtsein hinein.

Die Gedanken der meisten Menschen sind nichts anderes als Spiegelbilder der Umgebung. In den wenigsten Fällen hat der Mensch Gedanken, die nicht mit seiner Umgebung zusammenhängen. Nur dann hat er solche höheren Gedanken, wenn ihm die Sinne erwachen für die mentale Welt, so daß er nicht nur die Gedanken denkt, sondern sie als Wesen um sich herum sieht. Dann hat er das Selbstbewußtsein der mentalen Welt, wie es der Chela, der Eingeweihte besitzt. Wenn der Mensch versucht, um sich her erst die physische Welt, dann alle Triebe, Leidenschaften, Gemütsbewegungen und so weiter verschwinden zu lassen, dann bleibt bei den meisten kein Gedanke übrig. Versuchen wir uns nur vorzustellen, was alles den Menschen beeinflußt, insofern er in Raum und Zeit lebt. Man versuche alles das sich vor die Seele zu rufen, was mit dem Orte, an dem wir leben, und mit der Zeit, in der wir leben, zusammenhängt. All das, was die Seele fortwährend an Gedanken hat, hängt ab von Raum und Zeit. Das hat alles einen vergänglichen Wert. Deshalb muß der Mensch von dem bloßen Abspiegeln des Sinnlichen dazu übergehen, einen ewigen Gedankeninhalt in sich leben zu lassen, um allmählich devachanische Sinne zu entwickeln. Ein Satz, wie der aus «Licht auf den Weg»: «Bevor das Auge sehen kann, muß es der Tränen sich entwöhnen», gilt für alle Zeiten und an allen Orten. Wenn man einen solchen Satz in sich leben läßt, dann lebt in uns etwas, das jenseits von Raum und Zeit liegt. Das ist ein Mittel, eine Kraft, die devachanischen Sinne nach und nach in der Seele erwachen zu lassen und die Sinne zu erwecken für das Ewige in der Welt.

So verhält sich der Anteil des Menschen an den drei Welten. Der Mensch ist aber erst allmählich in diese Lage gekommen. Er war nicht immer in der physischen Welt, er ist erst nach und nach physisch geworden, hat erst nach und nach Sinne bekommen. Vorher war er auf den höheren Planen. In die physische Welt kam er vom Astralplan herunter und vorher von dem Mentalplan. Diesen teilen wir ein in zwei Abteilungen, den unteren Mentalplan oder Rupaplan, wo schon alles differenziert ist, und in den oberen Mental- oder Arupaplan, wo noch alles undifferenziert, samenhaft ist. Der Mensch ist heruntergestiegen von dem Arupaplan durch den Rupaplan und den Astralplan zum physischen Plan. Erst auf dem physischen Plan ist der Mensch selbstbewußt geworden. Auf dem Astralplan ist er jetzt noch nicht selbstbewußt, und auf dem Rupa- und Arupaplan ist er es noch weniger. Auf dem physischen Plan traten dem Menschen zum erstenmal Gegenstände von außen entgegen, unmittelbar in seiner Umgebung. Wenn überhaupt einem Wesen Gegenstände von außen entgegentreten, dann ist der Anfang zum Selbstbewußtsein gemacht. Auf den oberen Planen war das Leben noch ganz im Inneren beschlossen. Als der Mensch auf dem Astralplan lebte, hatte er nur eine Wirklichkeit, die aus seinem eigenen inneren Leben aufstieg. Ein richtiges Bilderbewußtsein hatte er da. Wenn dies auch lebhaft war, so waren es in Wirklichkeit doch nur Bilder, die in seinem Inneren aufstiegen. Die heutigen Träume sind ein schwacher Rest davon. Wenn zum Beispiel ein astraler Mensch sich etwa Salz genähert hätte, so hätte das Salz unbewußt auf ihn gewirkt und es wäre ein Bild davon in ihm aufgestiegen. Das Bild des salzigen Geschmackes wäre in seinem Inneren aufgestiegen. Wenn er auf einen anderen Menschen zugegangen wäre, der ihm sympathisch gewesen wäre, so hätte er ihn nicht von außen gesehen, sondern es wäre in ihm ein Gefühl der Sympathie aufgestiegen. Es war dieses Leben im Astralen ein Leben vollständiger Selbstheit und Sonderheit. Erst auf dem physischen Plane kann der Mensch seine Sonderheit aufgeben, indem er mittels der Sinnesorgane Gegenstände wahrnimmt, zusammenschmilzt mit der Umwelt, mit dem Nicht-Ich. Darin liegt die Wichtigkeit des physischen Planes. Ohne daß der Mensch den physischen Plan betreten hätte, wäre er überhaupt nie dazu gekommen, die Sonderheit aufzugeben und seine Sinne nach außen zu kehren. Tatsächlich beginnt hier die Arbeit an der Selbstlosigkeit. Alles andere als die reine Kontemplation der äußeren physischen Dinge ist noch mehr dem Ego angehörend. Man muß sich gewöhnen, auf höheren Planen ebenso selbstlos zu leben, wie man es auf dem physischen Plane, wenn auch bis jetzt nur spärlich, angefangen hat. Die Gegenstände des physischen Planes zwingen den Menschen, selbstlos zu werden und dem Gegenstande, der nicht «Ich» ist, etwas zu geben. In bezug auf die Wünsche, auf das, was in der Seele liegt, richtet sich der Mensch noch nach seiner Begierde. Er muß auf dem physischen Plane lernen zu entsagen, seine Wünsche zu entselbsten. Das ist die erste Stufe.

Die nächste Stufe ist, sich nicht nach seinen eigenen Wünschen, sondern nach denen, die von außen kommen, zu richten. Wenn der Mensch sich ferner bewußt und aus dem eigenen Willen heraus nicht nach den Gedanken richtet, die in ihm aufsteigen, sondern sich bewußt fremden Gedanken hingibt, dann schwingt er sich auf zum Devachanplan.

Deshalb müssen wir in den höheren Welten etwas außer uns Liegendes aufsuchen, um uns ihm, wie in der physischen Welt den Gegenständen, hinzugeben. So muß man die Wünsche der Initiierten betrachten. Der Geheimschüler lernt die Wünsche, die die richtigen für die Menschheit sind, kennen, und er richtet sich nach ihnen, wie man sich durch den äußeren Zwang nach den sinnlichen Gegenständen richtet. Kultur und Erziehung der Wünsche führen uns auf den Astralplan.

Wenn man nun auch in Gedanken selbstlos wird und die ewigen Gedanken der Meister der Weisheit durch die Seele ziehen läßt - durch die Konzentration und Meditation über die Gedanken der Meister -, dann nehmen wir auch die Gedanken der Umwelt wahr. Der Geheimschüler kann schon auf dem Astralplan ein Meister sein, auf dem Mentalplan können das aber nur die höheren Meister.

Der Mensch steht zunächst als physische Natur vor uns. Er lebt gleichzeitig in der astralen und mentalen Welt, hat aber Selbstbewußtsein nur in der physischen Welt. Er muß die ganze physische Welt durchwandeln, bis er sein Selbstbewußtsein durchtränkt mit allem, was die physische Welt ihn lehren kann. Hier sagt der Mensch zu sich: Ich. - Sein Ich verbindet er mit den Dingen um sich herum, er lernt es erweitern durch die Kontemplation, es fließt hinaus und wird eins mit den Gegenständen, die es ganz und gar begriffen hat. Hätten wir schon die ganze physische Welt begriffen, so würden wir sie gar nicht mehr brauchen; dann hätten wir sie in uns. Nur einen Teil hat aber der Mensch von der physischen Welt jetzt schon in sich. Der Mensch, der als Lemurier geboren wird in seiner ersten Inkarnation, der sein Ich nur eben hinausrichtet auf die physische Welt, der weiß noch nicht viel von ihr. Wenn aber die letzte Inkarnation des Menschen kommt, muß er die ganze physische Welt mit seinem Ich vereinigt haben.

In der physischen Welt ist der Mensch sich selbst überlassen, da leitet ihn niemand, da ist er in Wahrheit gottverlassen. Als er aus der astralen Welt herauskam, da haben ihn die Götter verlassen. Er sollte lernen, in der physischen Welt sein eigener Herr zu werden. Daher kann er hier nur so leben, wie er tatsächlich lebt: zwischen Irrtum und Wahrheit hin- und herpendelnd. Er muß tappen und sich seinen Weg selbst suchen. Nun tappt er zum großen Teil im Finstern. Da ist sein Blick nach außen gewendet, er ist frei zwischen den Dingen, aber auch dem Irrtum ist er ausgesetzt. Auf dem Astralplan hatte der Mensch keine solche Freiheit; da wurde er von den hinter ihm stehenden Mächten gedrängt und getrieben. Wie eine Art Marionette hing er da noch an den Drähten der Götter; die mußten ihn da noch führen. Insofern der Mensch auch heute ein seelisches Wesen ist, leben die Götter noch in ihm. Da sind Freiheit und Unfreiheit noch stark gemischt. Die Wünsche wechseln fortwährend. Dieses Aufundabwogen der Wünsche kommt von innen heraus. Das sind die Götter, die in dem Menschen wirken.

Noch unfreier ist der Mensch auf dem Rupaplan der Mentalwelt, und noch unfreier auf dem Arupaplan der höheren Mentalwelt. Der Mensch wird allmählich frei auf dem physischen Plan, je mehr er durch Erkenntnis irrtumsunvermögend geworden ist.

In demselben Maß, in dem man den physischen Plan durchackert und erkennt, erlangt man die Fähigkeit, die Dinge, die man in der physischen Welt gelernt hat, auf den Arupaplan hinaufzutragen. Der Arupaplan ist an sich formlos, bekommt aber Formen durch das menschliche Leben. Der Mensch sammelt Lektionen auf dem physischen Plan und trägt diese, als in der Seele festgewordene Formen, auf den Arupaplan. In den griechischen Mysterien nannte man daher die Seele eine Biene, den Arupaplan einen Bienenkorb und die physische Erde ein Blumenfeld. Das wurde in den griechischen Mysterien gelehrt.

Was hat nun die Seele auf den physischen Plan hinuntergetrieben? Es ist der Wunsch, die Begierde; man kommt nie anders auf einen niedrigeren Plan herunter als durch den Wunsch. Vorher war die Seele in der astralen Welt; die astrale Welt ist die Wunscheswelt. Alles was die Götter in der astralen Welt in den Menschen hineingepflanzt haben, war die reine Wunschwelt. Das Hervorragendste an diesen vorlemurischen Wesen war der Wunsch nach Physischem. Der Mensch war damals ganz gierig nach dem Physischen; er hatte in sich eine unbewußte, blinde Gier nach Physischem. Diese Gier ist nur durch die Befriedigung zu stillen. Durch die Vorstellungen, durch die Erkenntnisse, die er gewinnt, durch das, was der Mensch von der physischen Welt erkannt hat, schwindet diese Gier nach Physischem.

Die Seele geht nach dem Tode auf den Astralplan und von dort auf den Rupa- und Arupaplan. Was sie erworben hat, lagert sie da ab. Was sie aus der physischen Welt noch nicht mitgebracht hat, was noch unerkannt ist, treibt sie wieder hinunter, das erzeugt die Gier nach neuen Inkarnationen. Wie lange sie auf dem Arupaplan bleibt, richtet sich nach dem Maß dessen, was der Mensch auf dem physischen Plane gewonnen hat. Bei dem Wilden ist das nur sehr wenig, daher findet bei ihm nur ein schwaches Aufblitzen auf dem Arupaplan statt. Dann geht er wieder herunter zur physischen Welt. Wer hier in der physischen Welt alles gelernt hat, braucht nicht mehr aus dem Arupaplan herauszugehen, braucht nicht mehr auf den physischen Plan zurückzukehren, denn er hat seine Pflicht in der physischen Welt getan.

Der Mensch ist seinem astralischen Wesen nach heute noch halb der astralen Welt angehörig. Halb ist die Haut des Astralen durchbrochen und er nimmt die Welt des Physischen durch die Sinne wahr. Wenn er dahin gelangt, auf dem Astralplan so zu leben wie jetzt auf dem physischen Plan, dort in ähnlicher Weise Beobachtungen machen lernt, dann trägt er auch die Wahrnehmungen des astralen Planes auf den Arupaplan hinauf. Was er dann da hinaufträgt vom Astralplan, fließt aber vom Arupaplan noch höher, hinüber auf den nächsthöheren, den Buddhiplan. Auch was er heute auf dem Rupaplan durch Meditation und Konzentration erreicht, nimmt er mit auf den Arupaplan und übergibt es dort noch höheren Planen.

Was am Menschen astral ist, ist halb nach der physischen Welt und halb nach höheren Welten geöffnet. Wo es nach der physischen Welt geöffnet ist, läßt er sich von den Wahrnehmungen der Sinneswelt bestimmen. Nach der anderen Seite wird er von oben her bestimmt. Ebenso ist es mit seinem Mentalkörper. Dieser wird auch zum Teil von außen, zum Teil von der inneren Welt durch die Götter, die Devas, bestimmt. Weil das so ist, darum muß der Mensch träumen und schlafen.

Jetzt können wir auch das Wesen des Schlafes und des Träumens verstehen. Träumen heißt, sich den inneren Devakräften zuwenden. Der Mensch träumt fast die ganze Nacht, nur erinnert er sich nicht daran. Der Mentalkörper wird während des Schlafes fortwährend von den Devas bestimmt. Der Mensch hat noch kein Selbstbewußtsein auf den höheren Planen, daher ist er im Traum nicht selbstbewußt. Auf dem Astralplan fängt er an, es zu werden. Im tiefen Schlaf befindet er sich auf dem Mentalplan. Da ist er noch gar nicht selbstbewußt. Nur auf dem physischen Plan wacht der Mensch. Da ist das Ich da, es lebt sich aus auf dem physischen Plan. Das astrale Ich kann sich auf dem physischen Plan noch nicht ausleben, daher muß das astrale Ich zeitweise aus dem Menschen heraus. Er muß schlafen, damit es heraus kann. Die Zustände des Träumens und Schlafens sind nur eine Wiederholung früherer Entwickelung. Auf dem astralen Plan hat der Mensch geträumt; auf dem mentalen hat er geschlafen. Diese Zustände wiederholt er heute jede Nacht. Erst wenn er sich auch Sinne für die anderen Plane erworben hat, dann träumt er nicht mehr und schläft nicht mehr, sondern er nimmt dort Wirklichkeiten wahr. Der Geheimschüler lernt solche Wirklichkeiten auf dem astralen Plan wahrnehmen. Er hat dann dort eine Wirklichkeit um sich. Wer sich noch höher entwickelt, hat auch im tiefen Schlaf eine Wirklichkeit um sich. Da tritt dann die Kontinuität des Bewußtseins ein.

Diese Reihe feiner Begriffe muß man verstehen, dann kann man begreifen, warum der Mensch, wenn er auf den höheren Planen gewesen ist, wieder herunterkommt. Das was er noch nicht weiß, was er noch nicht erkannt hat, was die Buddhisten Avidya, Unwissenheit, nennen, treibt ihn zurück ins physische Dasein. Avidya ist die erste der Karmakräfte. Nach der buddhistischen Lehre gibt es zwölf Karmakräfte, die den Menschen heruntertreiben. Diese heißen zusammen Nidanas. Wenn der Mensch allmählich heruntersteigt, zeigt sich, wie die karmischen Effekte eingreifen. Avidya ist der erste Effekt. Es ist der entgegengesetzte Pol von dem, daß der Mensch auf den physischen Plan kommt. Da er den physischen Plan betritt und sich dort mit etwas verbindet, so ruft dies eine Reaktion hervor. Immer ruft Aktion Reaktion hervor. Alle Dinge, die der Mensch in der physischen Welt tut, rufen auch eine Reaktion hervor und wirken zurück als Karma. Wirkung und Gegenwirkung ist die Technik, der Mechanismus von Karma.

XI

Today, we want to illustrate how karma works and clarify how it behaves in the so-called three worlds. All other worlds except these three are of little relevance to human development, but the physical, astral, and mental worlds are. During the waking state, we are in the physical world; there, in a certain sense, we have the physical world purely before us. We only need to direct our senses outward to have the physical world purely before us. But the moment we look at the physical world with interest, encounter it with our senses, we are already partly in the astral world and only partly really in the physical world. Only the beginnings of living purely in the physical world are present in human life; for example, when one contemplates a work of art purely contemplatively, without the desire to possess it. Such contemplation of a work of art is an important spiritual act when one works on it purely as a mental task, forgetting oneself. This pure, self-forgetful living in the physical world is very rare. Humans rarely contemplate nature in pure contemplation, but feel many other things in the process. Nevertheless, selfless living in physical nature is the most important thing, because only through this can humans have self-awareness; in all other worlds, ordinary humans are still immersed in a world of unconsciousness.

In the physical world, humans are not only self-aware, they can also become selfless. However, their daily consciousness is not yet selfless if they do not forget themselves. It is not the physical world that prevents them from doing so, but the influence of the astral and mental worlds. But when they forget themselves, their individuality disappears and they find their self spread out before them. At present, however, humans can only develop this self-consciousness without distinctiveness in physical life. We call this self-consciousness the I. Humans can only become self-conscious in relation to their environment. Only when they gain senses for a world do they become self-conscious in that world. Now they only have senses for the physical world, but the other worlds constantly play into their self-consciousness and cloud it. When sensations play into it, it is the astral world; when humans think, the mental world plays into their consciousness.

Most people's thoughts are nothing more than reflections of their surroundings. In very few cases does a person have thoughts that are not related to their surroundings. Only when their senses awaken to the mental world do they have such higher thoughts, so that they not only think the thoughts, but see them as beings around them. Then they have the self-awareness of the mental world, as possessed by the chela, the initiate. When people try to make the physical world around them disappear, then all their instincts, passions, emotions, and so on, most of them are left with no thoughts at all. Let us just try to imagine everything that influences human beings insofar as they live in space and time. Let us try to call to mind everything that is connected with the place where we live and the time in which we live. Everything that the soul constantly thinks about depends on space and time. All of this has a transitory value. Therefore, human beings must move from merely reflecting the sensual to allowing eternal thoughts to live within themselves in order to gradually develop devachanic senses. A sentence such as the one from “Light on the Path”: “Before the eye can see, it must wean itself from tears,” applies to all times and all places. When we allow such a sentence to live within us, something beyond space and time lives within us. This is a means, a power, to gradually awaken the devachanic senses in the soul and to awaken the senses to the eternal in the world.

This is how the human being relates to the three worlds. However, the human being has only gradually come to this situation. He was not always in the physical world; he only gradually became physical and only gradually acquired senses. Before that, they were on the higher planes. They came down to the physical world from the astral plane and before that from the mental plane. We divide this into two sections, the lower mental plane or rupaplan, where everything is already differentiated, and the upper mental or arupaplan, where everything is still undifferentiated, in seed form. Human beings descended from the arupa plane through the rupaplan and the astral plane to the physical plane. It was only on the physical plane that human beings became self-conscious. On the astral plane, they are not yet self-conscious, and on the rupaplan and arupa plane, they are even less so. On the physical plane, human beings encountered objects from outside for the first time, directly in their environment. When a being encounters objects from outside, then the beginning of self-awareness is made. On the higher planes, life was still entirely confined to the inner world. When human beings lived on the astral plane, they had only one reality, which arose from their own inner life. There he had a true image consciousness. Even if this was vivid, in reality it was only images that arose within him. Today's dreams are a faint remnant of this. If, for example, an astral human being had approached salt, the salt would have had an unconscious effect on him and an image of it would have arisen within him. The image of the salty taste would have arisen within him. If he had approached another person whom he found likable, he would not have seen them from the outside, but a feeling of sympathy would have arisen within him. This life in the astral was a life of complete selfhood and separateness. Only on the physical plane can the human being give up his separateness by perceiving objects through the sense organs, merging with the environment, with the non-I. This is the importance of the physical plane. Without entering the physical plane, the human being would never have been able to give up his separateness and turn his senses outward. In fact, this is where the work of selflessness begins. Anything other than pure contemplation of external physical things still belongs more to the ego. One must accustom oneself to living just as selflessly on higher planes as one has begun to do on the physical plane, even if only sparingly so far. The objects of the physical plane compel man to become selfless and to give something to the object that is not “I.” With regard to desires, to what lies in the soul, man still follows his cravings. He must learn on the physical plane to renounce, to de-personalize his desires. That is the first stage.

The next stage is to orient oneself not according to one's own desires, but according to those that come from outside. When human beings consciously and of their own free will do not orient themselves according to the thoughts that arise within them, but consciously devote themselves to foreign thoughts, then they rise up to the Devachan plane.

Therefore, we must seek something outside ourselves in the higher worlds in order to devote ourselves to it, as we do to objects in the physical world. This is how we must view the desires of the Initiates. The secret student learns to recognize the desires that are right for humanity, and he follows them, just as one is compelled by external forces to follow sensual objects. Culture and education of desires lead us to the astral plane.

When we become selfless in our thoughts and allow the eternal thoughts of the Masters of Wisdom to flow through our soul — through concentration and meditation on the thoughts of the Masters — then we also perceive the thoughts of our environment. The secret disciple can already be a master on the astral plane, but on the mental plane only the higher masters can do so.

Human beings initially appear before us as physical beings. They live simultaneously in the astral and mental worlds, but are only self-aware in the physical world. They must traverse the entire physical world until their self-awareness is imbued with everything the physical world can teach them. Here, human beings say to themselves: I. They connect their self with the things around them, they learn to expand it through contemplation, it flows out and becomes one with the objects they have completely understood. If we had already understood the entire physical world, we would no longer need it; we would have it within us. But humans currently only have a part of the physical world within them. The human being who is born as a Lemurian in his first incarnation, who only just directs his I toward the physical world, does not yet know much about it. But when the last incarnation of the human being comes, he must have united the entire physical world with his I.

In the physical world, humans are left to their own devices; no one guides them; in truth, they are forsaken by God. When they emerged from the astral world, the gods abandoned them. They were to learn to become their own masters in the physical world. Therefore, they can only live here as they actually live: oscillating between error and truth. They must grope their way and find their own path. Now they grope largely in the dark. Their gaze is turned outward, they are free among things, but they are also exposed to error. On the astral plane, human beings did not have such freedom; there they were urged and driven by the powers behind them. Like a kind of marionette, he still hung on the strings of the gods; they still had to guide him there. Insofar as man is still a spiritual being today, the gods still live in him. Freedom and bondage are still strongly mixed. Desires change constantly. This weighing up and weighing down of desires comes from within. These are the gods working in man.

Human beings are even less free on the rupaplan of the mental world, and even less free on the arupaplan of the higher mental world. Human beings gradually become free on the physical plane the more they have become incapable of error through knowledge.

To the same extent that one plows through and recognizes the physical plane, one gains the ability to carry the things one has learned in the physical world up to the arupa plane. The arupa plane is formless in itself, but takes on forms through human life. Human beings gather lessons on the physical plane and carry them, as forms that have become fixed in the soul, to the Arupa plane. In the Greek mysteries, the soul was therefore called a bee, the Arupa plane a beehive, and the physical earth a field of flowers. This was taught in the Greek mysteries.

What drove the soul down to the physical plane? It was desire, craving; one never descends to a lower plane except through desire. Before that, the soul was in the astral world; the astral world is the world of desire. Everything that the gods planted in human beings in the astral world was the pure world of desire. The most outstanding thing about these pre-Moorish beings was their desire for the physical. At that time, human beings were very greedy for the physical; they had an unconscious, blind greed for the physical within them. This greed can only be satisfied by gratification. Through the ideas, through the insights they gain, through what humans have learned about the physical world, this greed for the physical fades away.

After death, the soul goes to the astral plane and from there to the rupa and arupa planes. It stores what it has acquired there. What it has not yet brought with it from the physical world, what is still unknown, drives it back down again, creating the craving for new incarnations. How long it remains on the Arupa plane depends on the extent of what the human being has gained on the physical plane. In the case of the savage, this is very little, so only a faint glimmer occurs on the Arupa plane. Then he descends again to the physical world. Those who have learned everything here in the physical world no longer need to leave the Arupa plane, no longer need to return to the physical plane, because they have done their duty in the physical world.

In terms of their astral nature, human beings today still belong half to the astral world. Half of the astral skin is broken through and they perceive the physical world through the senses. When they reach the point of living on the astral plane as they now live on the physical plane, learning to make observations in a similar way, they also carry the perceptions of the astral plane up to the Arupa plane. What they then carry up from the astral plane flows from the arupa plane even higher, over to the next higher plane, the buddhi plane. What they achieve today on the rupha plane through meditation and concentration, they also take with them to the arupa plane and pass it on to even higher planes.

What is astral in human beings is half open to the physical world and half open to higher worlds. Where it is open to the physical world, it is determined by the perceptions of the sensory world. On the other side, it is determined from above. The same is true of the mental body. This is also determined partly by the outside world and partly by the inner world through the gods, the devas. Because this is so, human beings must dream and sleep.

Now we can also understand the nature of sleep and dreaming. Dreaming means turning to the inner Deva forces. Human beings dream almost all night long, but they do not remember it. During sleep, the mental body is continuously determined by the Devas. Human beings do not yet have self-awareness on the higher planes, so they are not self-aware in their dreams. They begin to become self-aware on the astral plane. In deep sleep, they are on the mental plane. There, they are not yet self-aware. Only on the physical plane are human beings awake. There, the ego is present, living out its life on the physical plane. The astral ego cannot yet live out its life on the physical plane, so the astral ego must temporarily leave the human being. They must sleep so that it can leave. The states of dreaming and sleeping are only a repetition of earlier development. On the astral plane, humans dreamed; on the mental plane, they slept. They repeat these states every night today. Only when he has acquired senses for the other planes does he no longer dream or sleep, but perceives realities there. The secret student learns to perceive such realities on the astral plane. He then has a reality around him there. Those who develop even higher also have a reality around them in deep sleep. Then the continuity of consciousness sets in.

One must understand this series of subtle concepts in order to comprehend why human beings come back down again after having been on the higher planes. What they do not yet know, what they have not yet recognized, what Buddhists call avidya, ignorance, drives them back into physical existence. Avidya is the first of the karmic forces. According to Buddhist teaching, there are twelve karmic forces that drive human beings down. Together, these are called nidanas. As human beings gradually descend, the karmic effects come into play. Avidya is the first effect. It is the opposite pole of a person coming into the physical plane. When they enter the physical plane and connect with something there, this evokes a reaction. Action always evokes reaction. Everything a person does in the physical world also evokes a reaction and has a repercussion as karma. Action and reaction is the technique, the mechanism of karma.