The Apocalypse of St. John
GA 104
24 June 1908, Nuremberg
Lecture VII
For the modern man there always seems something hazardous in the prophecy of future events. We have already seen that in the seven seals we had to point out facts which are to come in the evolution of humanity, and as we unveil the Apocalypse of John, more and more we shall have to exercise this prophetic art. The question now is: What grounds are there for speaking at all of these things? We already referred in part at the beginning of our lectures to what lies at the basis of this. We said that at a certain stage of initiation the Initiate sees in the spiritual world that which descends later and becomes a physical event. But in the last two lectures we have shown that there is another basis for the prophetic art. We showed how man has developed out of spiritual spheres to his present existence. Now the future is in a certain sense a repetition of the past; not that the things of the past will happen again in the same way, but past events repeat themselves in a changed form.
In our last lectures we pointed out that in the ancient Atlantean epoch man had a kind of clairvoyance, and that, especially during his night condition, he consciously ascended into spiritual worlds; and we must clearly understand that the condition of a certain clairvoyance will be repeated in humanity. Between the Atlantean epoch and that which will come after the War of All against All we have our epoch, which we have described. In a certain way that which existed previously, that which was in the Atlantean epoch, will be repeated after our epoch, but there will be a very great difference. In the Atlantean epoch man had a dreamy, hazy, clairvoyant consciousness, and when he ascended into the higher worlds his clear self-consciousness faded and he then felt himself within the group-soul. After the great War of All against All man will again see into the higher worlds in a certain way. He will again have the former hazy clairvoyance, but in addition he will possess what he has gradually acquired in the external physical world.
Between the Atlantean flood and the great War of All against All man has had to renounce for a time the power to see into the spiritual world. He has had to content himself with seeing only what is around him in the physical world in the so-called waking consciousness. This is now the normal condition. But in its place it has become possible for him fully to develop his self-consciousness, his individual “I,” during this time, to feel himself within his skin as a separate “I”-personality, so to speak. This he has won. Now he also retains this individuality when he again rises into the higher spiritual worlds, and this ascent will be possible to him after the great War of All against All. But this ascent would not be possible if he had not taken part in that great cosmic event in the middle of our epoch which runs its course in the physical world, as was shown in the last lecture. Man would have been obliged to sink down into a kind of abyss had he not been preserved from it by the entry of Christ into our world. We must keep in mind that man has descended completely into the physical world in this epoch of ours.

Let us represent the physical plane by this line; above it what is called the spiritual, the heavenly world, and below it what is called the abyss. Man really reaches the line separating the spiritual world from the abyss in the fourth age, which we have described. We described the ancient Indian age, when man was still, on the whole, in the spiritual sphere. Previously he was above in the spiritual world. In Atlantis he still had a dim clairvoyance. He now comes down and reaches the line during the period of the Roman Empire. In this Empire man became fully conscious as an external sense-being, as a personality. That was at the time when the Roman idea of justice came into the world, when every one's aim was to be a separate personality, an individual citizen. Man had then reached the line. At this point it was possible either to return or sink below it. We have now, in fact, reached a point in human evolution—and all that I am saying is in accordance with the apocalyptic presentation—when in a certain way humanity is confronted by the need for a decision. We have already shown that in our age an enormous amount of mental and spiritual energy is used to provide for the lowest needs; we have shown how the telephone, telegraph, railway, steamboat and other things still to come have absorbed a tremendous amount of spiritual force; they are only used for the mere satisfaction of lower human needs. Man, however, has only a certain amount of spiritual force. Now consider the following: Man has used an enormous amount of spiritual force in order to invent and construct telephones, railways, steamboats and airships, in order to further external culture. This has to be so. It would have gone badly with humanity if this had not come about. This spiritual power has also been used for many other things. Only consider how all social connections have gradually been spun into an extremely fine intellectual web. What tremendous spiritual force has been expended so that one may now draw a cheque in America and cash it in Japan. An enormous amount of spiritual force has been absorbed in this activity. These forces had once to descend below the line of the physical plane, so to speak, which separates the spiritual kingdom from the abyss. For in a certain way man has actually already descended into the abyss, and one who studies the age from the standpoint of Spiritual Science can see by the most mundane phenomena how this goes on from decade to decade, how a certain point is always reached where the personality can still keep a hold on itself. If at this point it allows itself to sink down, the personality is lost, it is not rescued and lifted into the spiritual worlds.
This may be illustrated by the most mundane things. I could prove it to you, for example, in the details of the development of banking affairs in the second half of the nineteenth century. Perhaps it is only for future historians to show clearly that a fundamental change then came about which we may describe by saying that in banking affairs the personality was gradually shattered. I should have to draw your attention to the time when the four Rothschild's went out into the world from Frankfurt, one to Vienna, another to Naples, the third to London, the fourth to Paris. The whole of banking affairs was then brought into a personal sphere by the personal talent directed to them. The personality immersed itself in finance. To-day you see banking affairs becoming impersonal, they are passing into joint stock companies; capital is no longer managed by a single personality. Capital begins to control itself. Purely objective forces are working in capital, and there are already forces in this realm which draw the will of the personality to themselves, so that the personality has become powerless. Thus with seeing eyes one can penetrate into these mundane things and one can see everywhere how humanity, as regards the personality, has descended to the lowest depth. Now the personality may save itself and ascend again. It can save itself, for example, by really learning to strengthen its inner soul-forces and depend upon itself and make itself independent of the objective forces of capital. But the personality may also throw itself into these forces, it may in a certain way sail into and plunge into the abyss by allowing itself to be ensnared by the forces active in capital. The most important point of time, when the human personality descends to the earth and would have to turn back again, is the point of time of the appearance of Christ Jesus on the earth. He gave to the earth the power which made it possible for man to rise again; and he rises to the extent to which he has fellowship with Christ Jesus. Humanity will ascend to the point where the understanding dawns of what this event signified, so that for a large part of humanity this Christ impulse becomes the innermost impulse of their being, from which they work in life. Men must learn to understand more and more what Paul said: It is not I who work; but Christ works in me.
Therefore if the impulse which descended to the physical world in the fourth age enters into the hearts of men, if it becomes the impulse behind their activity, then the ascent takes place, and all the souls who find this union with the Christ principle find the way upward. But all the souls who failed to find this union would have gradually to go down into the abyss. They would have gained the “I”; they would have attained egoism, but would not be in the position to rise up again with this “I” into the spiritual world. And the consequence to a man who makes no connection with the Christ principle would be that he disconnects himself from the spiritual ascent; instead of ascending he would descend and harden himself more and more in his “I.” Instead of finding in matter merely the opportunity to develop the “I” and then rise up again, he would only descend deeper and deeper into matter.
Yes, everything repeats itself. The possibility arose for man to enter our physical world. By surviving the Atlantean flood it has become possible for him to create and develop his present human countenance. This is really an image of the spiritual “I”-divinity dwelling in man. Towards the end of the Atlantean epoch the etheric body united with the physical; its forces drew into the physical head and thereby man received his present human countenance, in which the spirit of God is reflected.
Let us suppose that he were to deny that it was the spirit which has given him the human countenance; then he would not use the body as an opportunity to attain the “I”-consciousness and again spiritualize himself; but he would grow together with the body and love it so much that he would only feel himself at home in it. He would remain united with the body and go down into the abyss. And because of not having used the power of the spirit, the external shape would again come to resemble the previous form. The man who descends into the abyss would become animal-like. Thus humanity will realize what we have already indicated. Those who use the life in the body merely as an opportunity to gain the “I”-consciousness will descend into the abyss and form the evil race. They have turned away from the impulse of Christ Jesus, and from the ugliness of their souls they will again create the animal form man possessed in former times. The evil race, with their savage impulses, will dwell in animal form in the abyss. And when up above those who have spiritualized themselves, who have received the Christ principle, announce what they have to say regarding their union with the name, Christ Jesus—here below in the abyss will sound forth names of blasphemy and of hatred of that which brings about the spiritual transformation.
A person who thinks superficially might say at this point: Yes, but very many have lived who have experienced nothing of the Christ-impulse; why should not these have partaken in the impulse of Christ Jesus? This is objected from the materialistic side: Why should salvation only come with Christ Jesus? If persons who are not Anthroposophists say this, it is comprehensible; but if Anthroposophists say it, then it is incomprehensible; for they ought to know that man returns again and again, and the souls which lived in earlier times will return in new bodies in the period after the event of Christ, so that there are none who could not participate in the event of Christ Jesus. The above objection can only be made by one who does not believe in re-embodiment.
Thus we see how the division takes place. There will come a time when those who have striven for spiritualization will be capable of living in the spiritual world, a time when that which they have formerly acquired will be made manifest, when they will bear the name of Christ on their forehead because they learned to look up to Him. Now when the seal is opened man will have imaged in his outward figure what he bears inwardly in his heart. One who inwardly bears Christ in his soul will after the unsealing bear in his face the sign of Christ; his external form will be like Christ Jesus; but those who remain in the civilizations before the appearance of Christ Jesus will have to experience some-thing else. These four civilizations, the ancient Indian, Persian, Assyrian-Babylonian-Chaldean-Egyptian-Jewish and the Graeco-Latin were preparatory ages. The soul had to go through the bodies of these civilizations in order to prepare itself for the great event of the appearance of Christ Jesus on earth. During the period of preparation there were two great forces. The forces which brought men together were forces which had their material foundation in the blood. If men had simply been placed side by side in their present form, what was to develop in humanity would never have originated.
Prior to the earth the old Moon was the bearer of our creation. This old Moon was the Cosmos of Wisdom; our Earth is the Cosmos of Love. It is the mission of our Earth to bring men together in love. In the future, when the seventh trumpet has sounded and the earth has dissolved, when it has lost its physical substantiality and is changed into an astral heavenly body, then love, the force of love, will have flowed into the whole human race, into everything earthly. For this power of love must flow in as the earth-mission of humanity—just as you now see the power of wisdom in your environment. We have often drawn attention to that wonderful construction of the thigh-bone. This does not consist of a compact mass, but of many delicate lattice-like structures which are so wonderfully put together that the greater carrying capacity is attained with the expenditure of the smallest amount of material, such as no engineer of the present day can achieve. And if we were to examine everything we should find that the wisdom man has gained in the course of his earthly evolution was already contained in the earth.
How often have we been told in the course of lessons on history that man has made continual progress and that he has grown wiser and wiser! You will remember how these several stages were presented; for example, you were shown that at the beginning of modern times man arrived at the point where he invented gunpowder, paper from rags, wood-pulp, etc. You have experienced pleasure in seeing how mankind has ascended. By means of his intellect man has learned to make paper. One might suppose it was an original invention. But to one who contemplates the world in its totality this appears in a different light. The wasps could do this long before, for the wasp's nest is constructed of material which is exactly the same as paper. Thus thousands of years before in the nest of the wasp there already existed what man afterwards achieved through his subjective wisdom. Not the single wasp is able to make paper, but the group-soul, the ego which holds together the whole group of wasps. It possessed this knowledge long before man. And wherever you look, if you are not blind, you will find wisdom in everything.
Do not imagine that this wisdom had not to develop! The world was not always thus filled with wisdom. It was only during the Moon evolution that it gradually flowed into all that now surrounds us. During the Moon period, that which was all chaos was rearranged so as to acquire wisdom. If you could direct your gaze to the Moon evolution you would find every-thing chaotic, so to speak, but as yet no wisdom. Only in the course of the Moon evolution was wisdom poured into the various beings and creations, so that it was there by the time the Earth came forth from the twilight. All things are now filled with wisdom. And as man to-day looks into his environment and sees wisdom in everything, so will he, when he has reached Jupiter, see all the beings around him in a remarkable way. They will pour out something like the fragrance of blissful love. Love will stream forth from all things, and it is the mission of the earth-evolution to develop this love. Love will then flow through everything, just as wisdom is now in everything. And this love is poured into earthly evolution by man's gradually leaning to develop love.
He was not able to have spiritual love immediately, love had first to be implanted in him at the lowest stage. It had to have a material vehicle, namely, the blood-relationship. The first schooling was to exercise love in the realm of blood-relationship; the separated human beings were brought together through that which coursed through their veins being imbued with love. This was the preparatory school of love; it was, in fact, the great school of love. And the impulse which spiritualizes this love, which does not merely allow it to remain where it works physically, but imparts it to the soul, is the great Christ-impulse in the world.
Now, had only this one impulse of blood-brotherhood operated, human evolution would have taken a strange course throughout the whole of antiquity. The beings who were the guides of the ancient times, and above all Jehovah, led men together in love, so that they united in blood-relationship; but if men had been united only through blood-relationship before the appearance of Christ Jesus, then individual human beings would never have been able to progress to personality. The individual would have been emerged in the tribe. As it was, the individual did very much lose himself in the whole. The consciousness that one is an individual human being has only developed very gradually. In the Atlantean epoch there could be no question of a man feeling himself as an individual being, and this was also the case much later. People do not understand how names were given in ancient times, otherwise they would discover how men then felt. Think of the people of the Old Testament; in pre-Christian times they experienced their “I”—if they wished to feel it aright—by no means in their separate personality. Each one who thoroughly felt the impulse streaming from the Old Testament said: I and Father Abraham are one. For he felt that he was secure in this community which reached back to Abraham, whose blood flowed through all the generations down to the last. Hence he said: “I feel that I am not a lost member when I realize that my blood is the same as that of my Father Abraham.”
And they tried to follow the community back still further. They felt secure in the group-soul. They pointed to Noah, to Adam. It is no longer known what these names signify. It is not known that in those ancient times the consciousness of man was quite different from what it is to-day. A person can only remember with difficulty what happened in his childhood, and memory certainly stops at birth. In the time of the patriarchs a man remembered not only what he himself had experienced but what his father, grandfather and great-grandfather had experienced. This was in his memory, just as with you the remembrance of your childhood. He did not know that his life specially began with his birth. The memory reached back for hundreds of years. No name was given to the separate consciousness, for there would have been no meaning in it. As a person remembered the experiences of his father, grand-father, great-grandfather, etc., a common name included the whole chain. The names Adam or Noah signify the remembrance which passed through several generations. As far as the memory of the experience of Noah extended, the chain was called Noah; this was an inner man, a spiritual being, who lived through several generations. It would have been considered meaningless to give a name to the outer man.
Thus the name Adam applied to a spiritual being, and the individual human being was not yet aware of his “I.” He would have disappeared in such a community but for the impulses which continually attacked this merging in the community, and whose object was to tear man away from the blood-ties and bring him to independence. In his astral body nestled certain spiritual beings who gave him the impulse not to allow his consciousness to become submerged. These were the Lucifer beings. It was they who in the pre-Christian period worked against the unification and it is to them that man owes his independence, his developing personality. It is extremely important to understand that we owe to Jehovah that which strove to unite, and to the Lucifer spirits that which strove to separate. In the early ages of Christianity there was a saying which ran: “Christus verus Luciferus,” i.e. Christ is the true Light-bearer; for Lucifer means the Light-bearer. Why is Christ called the true Light-bearer? Because through him has now become justified what previously was not justified. Previously there was a tearing asunder; men were not mature enough to be independent. Through the “I”-impulse which they received through Christ Jesus they had progressed so far that in spite of the “I” they could develop love of one another. Thus that which Lucifer wished to give to humanity in anticipation, so to speak, when humanity was still not sufficiently mature, was brought to humanity by the true Light-bearer, Christ Jesus. He brought the impulse to independence, but he also brought the spiritual love which unites those who are not related by blood. Through him came the epoch when humanity matured to the point which Lucifer previously wished to bring about. This saying, “Christus verus Luciferus,” was later no longer understood. He alone who rightly understands it learns to know the first teachings of Christianity.
We have therefore to comprehend this impulse in this way; we have to see how humanity was prepared for the standpoint it had to attain. Thus the Indian, Persian, Egyptian, Graeco-Latin periods were times of preparation pointing to the great Christ-event. But it is possible for man to harden himself, as it were. Let us imagine a person living at the time of Christ Jesus, and let us imagine that he could consciously decide what he wished to do. If Christ Jesus were to come he could say, “Oh, what was there previously is sufficient for me, I wish to know nothing, I will have no fellowship with Christ Jesus.” He would have in his soul the forces, the impulses, which could be acquired in the time before Christ Jesus, which could be gained through the Indian, Persian, Egyptian and Graeco-Latin civilizations. But in cosmic evolution a man ought only to have such impulses until a new one arrives. If he stands still, then he remains behind at this stage. We must not misunderstand historical development; we must not say that the same principle works in all civilizations, for it is not for nothing that one civilization is built up on another. Let us suppose some one wished to sleep through the Christian development. He would then live into the future until after the great War of All against All, but he would have nothing of the great love-principle of Christ which brings the Egos together, which makes communities of individuals. He would have everything which leads the Egos into the abyss. He would have the separating forces. This brings us to a consideration which may give rise to the question: Why does the unveiling of the first four seals provide such a comfortless picture? Because here come forth the men who wish to remain in these four preparatory civilizations in which is contained the old form of Lucifer that drives men asunder. Hence in the unveiling of the seals we are shown, too, how they got the form which they have acquired. They have slept through the event of Christ Jesus and are re-born in the forms which can be given them without the influence of the Christ-principle. Hence there appears again that which indicated the mere intelligence, the mere intellect; the horse appears four consecutive times. The old form of man appears which he obtains by receiving into himself the horse nature. This form appears at the opening of the seals.
And when the fifth seal is opened what is then brought to our notice? Those who in the preceding period have learned to understand the event of Christ Jesus! These are clothed in white garments, they have been passed by, figuratively they have been slain, they are those who are preserved for the spiritualization of the world. Thus it is the union with the Christ-principle which brings it about that men have these white garments and appear when the fifth seal is opened. Here we see a clear indication that the time when Christ appears is an important epoch for mankind; it is the epoch which brings it to pass that after the War of All against All the four ages will appear when those who have remained behind are tormented by the materiality which had proceeded with evolution and to which they have chained themselves; they are tormented by all the evils and torments of the coarsened, hardened materiality. Everything which is now described in the breaking of the seals represents nothing else than the descent into the abyss. While in the fifth seal we are only briefly directed to those who are chosen, we are shown for the rest those who remain in materiality, who go down into the abyss, who assume the forms which existed previously because they did not progress, because they have not acquired the power to transform these shapes.
You may form a picture of it; imagine that your human forms were to-day made of India rubber; and within this rubber human body is your inner soul power which gives this rubber body its human form. Imagine that we take out the soul-force, then the rubber body would collapse. Men would receive animal forms. At the moment when you draw the soul out of this human body of rubber, man would manifest the animal form. What man has gained for himself is like something which he produces to-day by his own power. If you could observe what he formerly produced in the astral body you would see its likeness to the animal. It is really an inner force such as this which gives the rubber man the present form. Imagine that this power is removed, imagine man not fertilized by the Christ power; he springs back into the animal form. Thus it will happen to those who fall back. They will afterwards form a world beneath the present world, so to speak, a world of the abyss, where man will again have assumed animal shape.
Thus we learn to understand the direction evolution will actually take. That which is now prepared will come out again bit by bit in the future, just as that which was laid down in the Atlantean epoch has come out bit by bit in our epoch. I have said that in the last third of the Atlantean epoch a small colony was formed from which our civilizations have been derived, and from which the two following will also originate. It will be somewhat different in [the transition to] the next epoch which will succeed all these. There will not be a colony limited to one place, but from the general body of humanity will everywhere be recruited those who are mature enough to form the good, the noble, the beautiful side of the next civilization, after the War of All against All. This again is a progress as compared with the earlier Atlantean epoch when the colony developed in one small place, but with us there is the possibility that from all races of the world will be recruited those who really understand the call of the earth mission, who raise up Christ within themselves, who develop the principle of brotherly love over the whole earth; and indeed, in the true sense, not in the sense of the Christian confessions, but in the sense of the true esoteric Christianity which can proceed from every civilization. Those who understand this Christ-principle will be there in the period following the great War of All against All. After our present purely intellectual civilization, which is now developing in the direction of the abyss of intellect—and you will find that this is the case in every field of life—there will come a time when man will be the slave of the intelligence, the slave of the personality in which he will sink. To-day there is only one way of preserving the personality, and that is to spiritualize it. Those who develop the spiritual life will belong to the small band of the sealed from all nations and races, who will appear in white garments after the War of All against All.
We are now beginning to comprehend the spiritual world from our immediately present intellectual civilization. It is the aim of true Anthroposophy, from out of the present intellectual standards, to comprehend the spiritual world, and to gather together those who can understand the call to spiritualize the world. These will not form a separate colony but will be gathered from every nation and will gradually pass into the sixth age, that is to say, not yet beyond the great War, but primarily into the sixth age, for necessities still exist which are connected with old race ties. In our epoch, races and civilizations are still inter-mingled. The true idea of race has lost its meaning but it still plays a certain part. It is quite impossible at present for every mission to be carried out equally by every people. Certain nations are predestined to carry out a particular mission.
The nations which to-day are the vehicles of Western civilization were chosen to lead the fifth age to its zenith; they were the nations who were to develop the intellect. Hence wherever this civilization extends we have predominantly the civilization of the intellect, which is still not yet finished. This intelligence will spread still further, people will exercise still more of their spiritual forces in order to satisfy their bodily needs; to slay one another they will employ much greater spiritual forces before the great War of All against All. Many discoveries will be made in order to be able the better to carry on war, an endless amount of intelligence will be exercised in order to satisfy the lower impulses. But in the midst of it something is being prepared, with which certain nations of the East, the Northern part of the East, are gifted. Certain nations are preparing to emerge from a certain dullness and bring in a spiritual impulse with mighty force, an impulse which will be the opposite pole to intelligence. Before the sixth age of civilization, represented by the Community of Philadelphia, we shall experience something like a mighty marriage of peoples, a marriage between intelligence and intellect and spirituality. At the present time we are only experiencing the dawn of this marriage and no one should understand what is here said as a song of praise to our age; for one does not sing songs of praise to the sun when there are only the first signs of dawn. But we find remarkable phenomena when we compare East and West, when we look into the depths and foundations of the different nations.
Do not let us look upon this as a desire to take sides. These lectures, which are intended to be objective, are far, far removed from any party spirit. But you may compare objectively that which is attained as science and philosophy in the European West with that which appeared in the East, let us say in Tolstoi. One does not need to be a follower of Tolstoi, but one thing is true; in a book such as Tolstoi's about life you may read one page, if you understand how to read it, and compare it with whole libraries in Western Europe. And you may then say the following: In Western Europe one acquires spiritual culture with the intellect; certain ideas are put together out of details which are intended to make the world comprehensible, and the achievements of Western European civilization in this respect will never be surpassed. But if you understand such a book as Tolstoi's Concerning Life, you will often find condensed into ten lines what, in these Western European libraries, it takes thirty volumes to say. Tolstoi says something with elemental force, and in a few lines of his there is the same amount of energy as is assembled in thirty such volumes. Here one must be able to judge what comes forth from the depths of the spirit, what has a spiritual foundation and what has not. Just as overripe civilizations contain some-thing that is drying up and withering, so do rising civilizations contain within them fresh life and new energy. Tolstoi is a premature flower of such a civilization, one that came far too soon to be fully developed. Hence he has all the faults of an untimely birth. His grotesque und unfounded presentations of many Western European things, all that he brings forward in the way of foolish judgment, show that great personalities have the faults of their virtues and that great cleverness has the folly of its wisdom.
This is only mentioned as a symptom of the future age when the spirituality of the East will unite with the intellectuality of the West. From this union will proceed the age of Philadelphia. All those will participate in this marriage who take into themselves the impulse of Christ Jesus and they will form the great brotherhood which will survive the great War, which will experience enmity and persecution, but will provide the foundation for the good race. After this great War has brought out the animal nature in those who have remained in the old forms, the good race will arise, and this race will carry over into the future that which is to be the spiritually elevated culture of that future epoch. We shall also have the experience that in our epoch, between the great Atlantean flood and the great War of All against All, in the age represented by the community at Philadelphia, a colony is being formed, the members of which will not emigrate but will be everywhere; so that everywhere there will be some who are working in the sense of the community of Philadelphia, in the sense of the binding together of humanity, in the sense of the Christ-principle.
Siebenter Vortrag
[ 1 ] Es hat für den Menschen der Gegenwart immer etwas Bedenkliches, wenn eine prophetische Vorhersagung zukünftiger Ereignisse auftritt. Nun haben wir ja gesehen, daß wir schon bei den sieben Siegeln hinweisen mußten auf gewisse Entwickelungstatsachen der Menschheit, die da eintreten werden, daß wir also sozusagen prophetische Künste üben mußten. Wir werden, wenn wir die Apokalypse des Johannes selbst immer mehr und mehr enthüllen, solche prophetische Künste in ausgiebigstem Maße anzuwenden haben. Nun fragt es sich: Aus welchen Gründen heraus darf man überhaupt über diese Dinge sprechen? — Wir haben zum Teil, was da zugrunde liegt, gleich im Anfange unserer Vorträge erwähnt. Wir haben nämlich gesagt, daß sich auf gewisser Einweihungsstufe dem Eingeweihten in der geistigen Welt das zeigt, was dann heruntersteigt und physisches Ereignis wird. Aber wir haben mit den zwei Betrachtungen, die wir angestellt haben, mit der letzten und vorletzten, noch eine andere Grundlage geschaffen für solche prophetische Künste. Wir haben nämlich dargestellt, wie der Mensch sich aus geistigen Sphären herausentwickelt hat zu seinem heutigen Dasein. Und nun ist alle Zukunft in einer gewissen Beziehung auch eine Wiederholung der Vergangenheit. Nicht so, daß sich die Dinge der Vergangenheit in gleicher Weise noch einmal abspielen, aber in einem veränderten Sinn wiederholen sich vergangene Ereignisse in zukünftigen Zeiten.
[ 2 ] Wenn wir in den letzten Betrachtungen darauf hingewiesen haben, daß der Mensch in der alten atlantischen Zeit eine Art Hellsehen hatte, daß er namentlich während seines Nachtzustandes bewußt hinaufstieg in geistige Welten, so müssen wir uns klar darüber sein, daß dieser Zustand eines gewissen Hellsehens sich für die Menschheit wiederholen wird. Wir haben zwischen dieser atlantischen Zeit und derjenigen, die nach dem Kriege aller gegen alle liegen wird, unseren Zeitraum, den wir ja beschrieben haben. In einer gewissen Weise wird sich nach unserem Zeitraum dasjenige, was vorher war, was in der atlantischen Zeit war, wiederholen, nur mit einem gewaltig großen Unterschied. Damals in der alten atlantischen Zeit hatte der Mensch ein traumhaftes, dämmerhaftes hellseherisches Bewußtsein, und wenn er hinaufstieg in höhere Welten, versank sein helles Selbstbewußtsein; dann fühlte er sich wie in der Gruppenseele darinnen. Nach dem großen Kriege aller gegen alle wird der Mensch wiederum in gewisser Art hineinsehen in die höhere Welt. Das, was er dazumal hatte als dämmerhaftes Hellsehen, wird er wieder haben nach dem großen Kriege, aber er wird zu diesem Hellsehen hinzugefügt haben, was er sich jetzt in der äußeren physischen Welt nach und nach erworben hat.
[ 3 ] Der Mensch hat zwischen der atlantischen Flut und dem großen Krieg aller gegen alle eine Zeitlang verzichten müssen auf das Hineinschauen in die geistigen Welten. Er hat sich begnügen müssen damit, nur dasjenige zu sehen, was im sogenannten Tag-Wachbewußtsein für ihn zu sehen ist, was um ihn in der physischen Welt ist. Das ist jetzt der Normalzustand. Dafür aber ist dem Menschen möglich geworden, in dieser Zeit sein Selbstbewußtsein, sein individuelles Ich voll zu entwickeln, sich sozusagen innerhalb seiner Haut als eine abgeschlossene Ich-Persönlichkeit zu fühlen. Das hat er sich erobert. Nun behält er diese Individualität, auch wenn er wieder hinaufsteigt in höhere geistige Welten, und dieses Hinaufsteigen wird ihm möglich sein nach dem großen Kriege aller gegen alle. Aber es würde ihm dieses Hinaufsteigen nicht möglich sein, wenn er nicht in der Mitte unseres in der physischen Welt ablaufenden Zeitraumes teilhaftig geworden wäre jenes großen kosmischen Ereignisses, das wir gestern vor unsere Seele hingestellt haben. Der Mensch hätte in eine Art Abgrund hinuntersinken müssen, wenn er nicht bewahrt worden wäre vor diesem Hinuntersinken durch das Hereintreten des Christus in unsere Welt. Wir müssen uns so vorstellen, daß der Mensch in diesem unserem Zeitraum ganz heruntergestiegen ist in die physische Welt hinein.
[ 4 ] Denken Sie sich einmal in einem Strich den physischen Plan und darüber das, was man die geistige, die himmlische Welt nennt. Darunter ist dasjenige, was man nennt den Abgrund. Eigentlich erreicht der Mensch die Linie, welche die geistige Welt vom Abgrund trennt, genau in dem vierten Zeitraum, den wir beschrieben haben.

[ 5 ] Wir haben beschrieben die altindische Zeit; da war der Mensch verhältnismäßig noch in einer geistigen Sphäre. Vorher war er oben in der geistigen Welt. In der Atlantis hatte er noch ein dämmerhaftes Hellsehen. Jetzt kommt er herunter und erreicht die Linie, als von Rom aus das Weltenreich sich ausbreitet und in diesem Weltenreich der Mensch sich voll bewußt wird als äußeres sinnliches Wesen, als Persönlichkeit. Das war dazumal, als der römische Rechtsbegriff in die Welt kam, als jeder eine Einzelpersönlichkeit, ein Einzelbürger sein wollte. Da hatte der Mensch diese Linie erreicht. In diesem Punkt war es möglich, entweder umzukehren oder aber hinunterzusinken.
[ 6 ] Jetzt sind wir in der Tat — und alles, was ich sage, entspricht durchaus der Darstellung der Apokalypse — an einem Punkte der Menschheitsentwickelung angelangt, wo die Menschheit vor einer Entscheidung steht in gewisser Beziehung. Wir haben ja schon gezeigt, wie in unserem Zeitraum ungeheure Geisteskräfte dazu verwendet werden, um für die niedersten Bedürfnisse zu sorgen. Wir haben gezeigt, wie Telephon, Telegraph, Eisenbahn, Dampfschiff und andere Dinge, die noch kommen werden, ungeheure Geisteskräfte absorbiert haben und absorbieren werden, die nur zur bloßen Befriedigung der niederen menschlichen Bedürfnisse verwendet werden. Der Mensch hat aber nur eine gewisse Summe von Geisteskräften. Betrachten Sie einmal folgendes: Der Mensch hat eine ungeheure Summe von Geisteskräften dazu verwendet, um Telegraphen zu erfinden und zu konstruieren, Eisenbahnen, Dampfschiffe, Luftballons und so weiter zu bauen, um die äußere Kultur zu fördern. — Das mußte so sein. Es würde der Menschheit schlecht ergangen sein, wenn es nicht so gekommen wäre. Der Mensch hat diese Geisteskräfte aber noch zu vielem anderen benützt. Denken Sie nur, wie der Mensch nach und nach dazu gekommen ist, auch alle gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhänge in ein ungeheuer feines Verstandesnetz einzuspinnen. Was haben für Geisteskräfte dazu gehört, es so weit zu bringen, daß man einen Scheck ausstellen kann in Amerika und wieder einlösen kann in Japan. Ungeheure Kräfte des Geistes sind hineingeflossen in diese Tätigkeit. Diese Kräfte mußten einmal sozusagen hinuntersteigen unter die Linie des physischen Plans, die das geistige Reich vom Abgrund trennt. Denn tatsächlich ist der Mensch in gewisser Weise schon hineingestiegen in den Abgrund, und wer vom geisteswissenschaftlichen Standpunkt aus die Zeit studiert, kann an den profansten Erscheinungen sehen, wie das von Jahrzehnt zu Jahrzehnt weitergeht, wie immer ein gewisser Punkt erreicht wird, wo gerade noch die Persönlichkeit sich selbst fangen kann. Überläßt sie sich an diesem Punkte dem Hinabsinken, dann verliert sich die Persönlichkeit, dann wird die Persönlichkeit nicht gerettet, um hinaufzusteigen in die geistigen Welten.
[ 7 ] Selbst in den weltlichsten Dingen kann man das nachweisen. Zum Beispiel könnte ich es Ihnen an den Einzelheiten der Entwickelung des Bankwesens in der zweiten Hälfte des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts nachweisen. Es ist nämlich vielleicht erst den zukünftigen Geschichtsschreibern vorbehalten, zur Klarheit zu bringen, daß da eine gründliche Veränderung eingetreten ist, die wir damit bezeichnen können: Im Bankwesen ist die Persönlichkeit allmählich zersplittert. — Da würde ich Sie hinweisen müssen auf jenen Zeitpunkt, wo die vier Rothschilds in die Welt ausgezogen sind von Frankfurt aus, der eine nach Wien, der andere nach Neapel, der dritte nach London, der vierte nach Paris, und wie da das ganze Bankwesen durch die eben darauf gerichtete persönliche Begabung in eine persönliche Sphäre hineingebracht worden ist. Da hat sich die Persönlichkeit eingesetzt für das Geldwesen. Heute sehen Sie das ganze Bankwesen unpersönlich werden. Das Kapital geht an die Aktiengesellschaften über, es wird nicht mehr von der Einzelpersönlichkeit verwaltet. Das Kapital fängt an, sich selbst zu verwalten. Wir haben rein objektive Kräfte, die innerhalb des Kapitals wirtschaften, und sogar schon Kräfte innerhalb dieses Gebietes, die allen Willen der Persönlichkeit an sich ziehen, so daß die Persönlichkeit ohnmächtig geworden ist. So kann man mit sehenden Augen bis hinein in diese weltlichen Dinge die Sache verfolgen und wird überall sehen können, wie die Menschheit in bezug auf die Persönlichkeit zu einem tiefsten Punkt herunterstieg.
[ 8 ] Nun kann sich die Persönlichkeit retten und wieder hinaufsteigen. Sie kann sich dadurch retten, daß sie zum Beispiel durch Stärkung der inneren seelischen Kräfte wirklich lernt, sich auf sich selbst zu stellen, sich unabhängig zu machen von den objektiven Kapitalsmächten. Die Persönlichkeit kann sich aber auch hineinwerfen in diese Kräfte, kann in gewisser Weise hineinsegeln und hinunterdringen in den Abgrund, sich umgarnen lassen von den im Kapital wirksamen Kräften.
[ 9 ] Der wichtigste Punkt, wo die menschliche Persönlichkeit heruntersteigt bis auf die Erde und wo sie umkehren müßte, ist der Punkt der Erscheinung des Christus Jesus auf der Erde. Der gab der Erde die Kraft, die der Menschheit es möglich machte, wieder hinaufzusteigen. Und in demselben Maße steigt die Menschheit hinauf, als sie Gemeinschaft hat mit Christus Jesus. In dem Maße, wie für einen größeren Teil der Menschheit das Verständnis aufgeht dafür, was dieses Ereignis war, wie für solche Menschen der Christus-Impuls zum eigenen Impuls in ihrer inneren Wesenheit wird, aus dem heraus sie wirken und ihr Dasein weben, in demselben Maße wird die Menschheit nach aufwärts steigen. Immer mehr und mehr muß der Mensch verstehen lernen, was Paulus gesagt hat: Nicht ich bin es, der wirkt, sondern Christus wirkt in mir.
[ 10 ] Wenn also der Impuls, der damals in der vierten Periode heruntergestiegen ist auf unseren physischen Plan, sich einlebt in die Herzen der Menschen, wenn er zum Antrieb ihres Handelns wird, dann geschieht der Aufstieg nach oben. Und all die Seelen, die diesen Anschluß finden, die den Zusammenschluß mit dem ChristusPrinzip vollziehen, sie finden den Weg nach oben. Alle Seelen aber, die diesen Zusammenschluß nicht finden würden, müßten nach und nach in den Abgrund hinabtauchen. Sie würden das Ich, den Egoismus sich erobert ‚haben, aber nicht imstande sein, mit diesem Ich wiederum hinaufzusteigen in die geistige Welt. Und die Folge für einen solchen Menschen, der keinen Anschluß an das ChristusPrinzip findet, würde sein, daß er sich loslöst von dem geistigen Aufstieg. Er würde, statt hinaufzusteigen, hinuntersteigen und sich immer mehr verhärten in seinem Ich. Statt in der Materie nur die Gelegenheit gefunden zu haben, um das Ich zu erwerben, und dann wiederum hinaufzusteigen, würde er nur immer tiefer hinabtauchen in die Materie.
[ 11 ] Ja, alles wiederholt sich. Der Mensch ist in die Lage gekommen, in unsere physische Welt hereinzutreten. Dadurch, daß er die atlantische Flut überdauert hat, ist ihm die Möglichkeit geworden, sein heutiges Menschenantlitz herauszubilden. Das ist wirklich ein Abbild der im Menschen wohnenden geistigen Ich-Gottheit. Nur dadurch, daß gegen das Ende der atlantischen Zeit der Ätherleib sich mit dem physischen zusammengeschlossen hat und die Kräfte des Ätherleibes in den physischen Kopf eingezogen sind, hat er sein heutiges Menschenantlitz erhalten, das schon den Gottesgeist durchspiegeln läßt. Nehmen wir an, er würde das verleugnen, daß der Geist es ist, der ihm das Menschenantlitz gegeben hat. Dann würde er den Leib nicht benützen als eine Gelegenheit, um zum IchBewußtsein zu kommen und sich wieder zu vergeistigen, sondern er würde mit dem Leibe verwachsen, diesen so liebgewinnen, daß er nur in ihm sich daheim fühlen würde. Er würde verbunden bleiben mit dem Leib und hinuntergehen in den Abgrund, und es würde, weil er nicht benützt hat die Kraft des Geistigen, auch die äußere Gestalt wiederum ähnlich werden der früheren Gestalt. Tierähnlich würde der Mensch werden, der in den Abgrund hinuntersteigt. So wird die Menschheit das vollziehen, was wir schon angedeutet haben: Hinuntersteigen in den Abgrund werden diejenigen, die das Wohnen im Leibe nicht bloß als Gelegenheit benützen, um dadurch zum Ich-Bewußtsein zu kommen, und sie werden die böse Rasse bilden. Sie haben sich abgewendet von dem Impuls des Christus Jesus, und aus der Häßlichkeit ihrer Seele heraus werden sie wiederum die Tiergestalt herausbilden, die der Mensch in früheren Zeiten gehabt hat, und unten im Abgrund wird die Rasse der Bösen mit den wilden Trieben in Tiergestalt sein. Und wenn oben die Vergeistigten, die das Christus-Prinzip in sich aufgenommen haben, verkünden, was sie zu sagen haben in bezug auf ihren Zusammenschluß mit dem Namen Christus Jesus, so werden hier unten ertönen Namen der Lästerung, des Hinwegwollens von dem, was als geistige Verwandlung auftritt.
[ 12 ] Ein Mensch, der nur halb denken würde, könnte jetzt sagen: Ja, es haben aber doch so viele gelebt, die nichts von dem ChristusImpuls erfahren haben, warum sollten diese des Impulses des Christus Jesus nicht teilhaftig geworden sein? — Das wird von materialistisch denkender Seite eingewendet: Warum sollte das Heil erst mit Christus Jesus gekommen sein? — Wenn das die Menschen sagen, welche keine Anthroposophen sind, so ist es begreiflich. Wenn aber die Anthroposophen das sagen, dann ist es unbegreiflich, denn die müßten wissen, daß der Mensch immer wieder und wiederkehrt. Und die Seelen, die vorher gelebt haben, sie werden in der Zeit nach der Erscheinung Christi in neuen Leibern wiederkehren, so daß es keine Menschen gibt, denen das Ereignis des Christus Jesus entgehen könnte. Nur wer nicht an Wiederverkörperung glaubt, kann solche Einwände erheben, wie sie oben gekennzeichnet worden sind.
[ 13 ] So sehen wit, wie die Spaltung sich vollzieht und daß eine Zeit kommen wird, wo diejenigen, die nach Vergeistigung gestrebt haben, fähig sein werden, in der geistigen Welt zu leben; eine Zeit, wo heraustreten wird, was sie sich früher angeeignet haben, wo sie den Namen Christus an ihrer Stirn tragen werden, weil sie gelernt haben, zu ihm aufzuschauen. Nun wird, nachdem die Siegel entsiegelt sein werden, der Mensch in der äußeren Figur das abgebildet haben, was er innerlich im Herzen trägt. Derjenige, der innerlich in der Seele den Christus trägt, wird nach der Entsiegelung in seinem Antlitz das Malzeichen des Christus Jesus tragen, er wird äußerlich in der Gestalt dem Christus Jesus ähnlich sein. Diejenigen aber, die bleiben werden bei den Kulturen, welche vor der Erscheinung des Christus Jesus liegen, die werden anderes erleben müssen. Diese vier Kulturen, die altindische, die altpersische, die assyrisch-babylonisch-chaldäisch-ägyptisch-jüdische und die griechisch-lateinische Kultur, waren vorbereitende Zeiten. Die Seele hat durch die Leiber dieser Kulturen hindurchgehen müssen, um sich vorzubereiten für das große Ereignis der Erscheinung des Christus Jesus auf der Erde. Damals, in der Zeit der Vorbereitung, waren zwei Kräfte geltend. Die Kräfte, welche die Menschen zusammengeführt haben, das sind Kräfte, die ihre materielle Grundlage in dem Blute haben. Wenn die Menschen einfach in ihrer jetzigen Gestalt hereingestellt worden wären nebeneinander, niemals würde sich das herausgebildet haben, was sich in der Menschheit entwickeln sollte.
[ 14 ] Vor der Erde war der Mond der Träger unserer Geschöpfe. Dieser alte Mond war der Kosmos der Weisheit, unsere Erde ist der Kosmos der Liebe. Unsere Entwickelung geht darauf hin, die Menschen in Liebe zusammenzuführen. Wenn einstmals die Erde sich auflösen wird, nachdem die siebente Posaune ertönt ist, wenn sie ihre physische Substantialität verlieren und sich in einen astralischen Himmelskörper umwandeln wird, dann wird eingeflößt sein dem ganzen Menschengeschlecht die Liebe, die Kraft der Liebe, die sie entwickelt hat an allem Irdischen. Denn diese Kraft der Liebe ist es, was als die Erdenmission der Menschheit eingeflößt werden muß, geradeso, wie Sie jetzt in ihrer Umgebung die Kraft der Weisheit sehen. Es wurde schon oft darauf hingewiesen: Wenn Sie nur ein Stück Oberschenkelknochen ansehen, welch ein wunderbares Gebilde ist das! Es besteht nicht aus einer kompakten Masse, sondern aus vielen feinen Gerüstfäden, die so wunderbar zusammengeordnet sind, daß unter Aufwand der geringsten Stoffmasse die größte Tragfähigkeit erzielt ist, wie es kein Ingenieur heute imstande wäre herzustellen. Und wenn wir alles durchsuchen würden, wir würden finden, daß dasjenige, was sich der Mensch im Laufe seiner Erdenentwickelung als seine Weisheit erobert, vorher schon der Erde eingeimpft war.
[ 15 ] Immer wieder im Laufe des geschichtlichen Unterrichts wird uns gesagt, wie der Mensch Fortschritt auf Fortschritt gemacht hat, immer weiser und weiser geworden ist. Sie erinnern sich, wie Ihnen die einzelnen Etappen des Weisewerdens vorgeführt worden sind, wie Ihnen zum Beispiel gezeigt worden ist, daß im Beginn der neueren Zeit der Mensch dahin gelangt ist, das Schießpulver zu erfinden, das Leinenpapier, das Holzpapier und so weiter zu erfinden. Da hat sich Ihre Seele gefreut darüber, wie die Menschen aufgestiegen sind. Die Menschen haben aus ihrem Intellekt heraus das Papier bereiten gelernt; sie haben es völlig neu erfunden, so könnte man meinen. Wer aber die Welt in ihrem großen Zusammenhange überschaut, dem erscheint das in anderem Lichte. Die Wespen konnten das schon viel früher, denn das Wespennest ist genau dasselbe wie das Papier. So war Jahrtausende vorher im Wespenneste bereits vorhanden, was sich der Mensch hinterher in seiner subjektiven Weisheit erobert hat. Nicht die einzelne Wespe kann Papier erzeugen, aber die Gruppenseele, das Ich, das die ganze Gruppe der Wespen umfaßt, das ist so weise, wie der Mensch erst geworden ist. Und überall, wohin Sie sehen, wenn Sie nicht blind, sondern sehend sind, wird Ihnen die Weisheit aus den Dingen entgegentreten.
[ 16 ] Glauben Sie nicht, daß diese Weisheit nicht hat entstehen müssen. Oh, die Welt war nicht immer so durchtränkt von Weisheit. Während der Mondentwickelung ist nach und nach diese Weisheit eingeflossen in das, was uns heute umgibt. Während der Mondentwickelung hat sich das, was chaotisch durcheinanderwirkte, so ausgestaltet, daß es weise wurde. Könnten Sie den Blick hinwenden auf den alten Mond, so würden Sie da alles noch sozusagen drunter und drüber finden, gar noch nicht weise. Im Laufe der Mondentwickelung wurde die Weisheit den Wesen und Geschöpfen eingegossen, eingeflößt, und sie war da, als die Erde hervorging aus dem Dämmerdunkel. Jetzt erschienen alle Dinge mit Weisheit getränkt. Und wie der Mensch heute auf seine Umgebung schaut und überall die Weisheit hervorsprießen sieht, so wird er, wenn er auf dem Jupiter angelangt sein wird, alle Wesen, die um ihn herum sind, in einer merkwürdigen Weise schauen: sie werden etwas ausgießen wie den Duft beseligender Liebe. Liebe wird aus allen Dingen strömen, und es ist die Mission der Erdenentwickelung, diese Liebe zu entfalten. Liebe wird dann durch alle Dinge fließen, wie jetzt Weisheit in allen Dingen waltet. Und diese Liebe wird eingegossen der Erdenentwickelung dadurch, daß der Mensch nach und nach die Liebe entwickeln lernte. |
[ 17 ] Aber der Mensch hat nicht gleich die geistige Liebe haben können, ihm mußte zuerst diese Liebe auf dem untersten Gebiete eingepflanzt werden. Einen materiellen Träger mußte die Liebe haben: das ist die Blutsverwandtschaft. Die Liebe auf dem Gebiete der Blutsverwandtschaft zu üben, das war die erste Schule. Dadurch wurden die getrennten Menschen zusammengeführt, daß dasjenige, was als gemeinsames Blut in den Adern rann, sich liebte. Das war die Vorschule der Liebe, das war die große Schule der Liebe. Und der große Impuls, der diese Liebe vergeistigt, der sie nicht nur da läßt, wo sie physisch wirkt als dessen Grundlage, sondern sie dem Seelischen mitteilt, das ist der Christus-Impuls in der Welt.
[ 18 ] Nun würde es die ganze Vorzeit hindurch dem Menschen sonderbar gegangen sein, wenn nur dieser eine Impuls der Liebesgemeinschaft im Blute gewirkt hätte. Die Wesenheiten, welche die Lenker der alten Zeiten waren, vor allen Dingen Jahve, führten die Menschen in Liebe zusammen, daß sie sich vereinigten in der Blutsverwandtschaft. Wenn aber der Mensch vor der Erscheinung des Christus Jesus nur vereinigt worden wäre durch die Blutsverwandtschaft, so hätte der einzelne nie zur Persönlichkeit fortschreiten können. Der einzelne wäre im Volk untergegangen. Es ist ja auch der einzelne tatsächlich recht sehr untergegangen in dem Ganzen. Wirklich war das Bewußtsein, daß man Einzelmensch ist, etwas, was sich erst nach und nach heranbildete. In der atlantischen Zeit konnte noch keine Rede davon sein, daß der Mensch als einzelner sich fühlte, aber auch später klang das noch nach. Die Menschen verstehen nur nicht die alte Namengebung, sonst würden sie darauf kommen, wie die Menschen sich fühlten. Denken Sie an die Bekenner des Alten Testaments: sie fühlten in der vorchristlichen Zeit ihr Ich, wenn sie es so recht fühlen wollten, gar nicht in ihrer Einzelpersönlichkeit. Jeder, der ganz fühlte den Impuls, der aus dem Alten Testamente strömt, der sagte sich: «Ich und der Vater Abraham sind eins.» Denn er fühlte sich geborgen in dieser Gemeinschaft, die hinaufreichte bis Abraham, dessen Blut bis herunter zum jüngsten Gliede durch alle Adern floß. Und da sagte er: Da fühle ich, daß ich nicht ein verlorenes Glied bin, wenn ich spüre, daß mein Blut dasselbe ist wie das des Vaters Abraham.
[ 19 ] Und noch weiter hinauf versuchte man zurückzuverfolgen die Gemeinschaft. In der Gruppenseele fühlte man sich geborgen. Man wies hin auf Noah, auf Adam. Die Menschen wissen nicht mehr, was diese Namen bedeuten. Sie wissen nicht, daß in jenen alten Zeiten noch immer das Bewußtsein der Menschen anders war als heute. Der Mensch kann sich heute zur Not an das erinnern, was in seine Kindheit zurückreicht, und sicher reißt alle Erinnerung mit der Geburt ab. Dazumal, in der Patriarchenzeit, in der Zeit der alten Erzväter, war das nicht so. Da erinnerte sich der Mensch nicht nur an das, was er selbst, sondern was sein Vater, Großvater, Urgroßvater erlebt hatte. Das war ihm so in der Erinnerung wie Ihnen die Erinnerung Ihrer Kindheit. Er wußte nicht, daß sein Leben besonders anfing mit seiner Geburt. Durch Jahrhunderte ging das Gedächtnis hinauf. Man gab dem abgesonderten Bewußtsein keinen Namen, man hätte darin keinen Sinn gefunden. Weil man sich erinnerte an Vater, Großvater, Urgroßvater und so weiter, so umfaßte ein Gesamtname die ganze Kette. «Adam», «Noah» bedeuten die Erinnerung durch die Generationen. Soweit man sich erinnerte an Noah, nannte man die Kette Noah. Das war ein innerer Mensch, ein geistiges Wesen, das durch die Generationen lebte. Dem äußeren Menschen einen Namen zu geben, hätte man sinnlos gefunden. So umfaßt der Name Adam ein geistiges Wesen.
[ 20 ] Es war also der Einzelmensch sich noch nicht seines Ichs bewußt. Er wäre aufgegangen in der Gemeinschaft, wenn nicht Impulse dagewesen wären, die fortwährend Angriffe richteten gegen dieses Verschwimmen in der Gemeinschaft, die darauf hinarbeiteten, den Menschen herauszureißen aus den Blutsbanden, die ihn zur Selbständigkeit bringen sollten. In seinen Astralleib haben sich eingenistet solche geistige Wesenheiten, die ihm die Impulse gaben, sein Bewußtsein nicht verschwimmen zu lassen. Diese Wesenheiten sind die luziferischen Wesenheiten. Sie waren es, die in der vorchristlichen Zeit entgegengewirkt haben der eigentlichen Vereinheitlichung, denen der Mensch seine Selbständigkeit, die werdende Persönlichkeit verdankt. Es ist durchaus wichtig, einzusehen, daß dasjenige, was zusammenstrebte, dem Jahve zu verdanken ist, und das, was auseinanderstrebte, den luziferischen Geistern.
[ 21 ] In den ersten Zeiten des Christentums hatte man einen Spruch, der lautete: «Christus verus Lucifer», Christus ist der wahre Lichtträger —, denn Lucifer heißt Lichtträger. Warum wird Christus der wahre Lichtträger genannt? Weil jetzt durch ihn berechtigt worden ist, was früher unberechtigt war. Früher war es ein Auseinanderreißen; die Menschen waren noch nicht reif zur Selbständigkeit. Jetzt waren die Menschen durch den Ich-Impuls, den sie durch den Christus Jesus bekommen haben, so weit, daß sie trotz des Ichs sich in Liebe zueinander entwickeln konnten. So wurde das, was Luzifer sozusagen vorausnehmend der Menschheit geben wollte, als diese noch unreif war, durch den wahren Lichtträger, durch den Christus Jesus, der Menschheit gebracht. Er brachte den Impuls zur Verselbständigung, aber auch die geistige Liebe, die zusammenführt, was nicht blutsverwandt ist. Durch ihn kam die Epoche, wo die Menschheit heranreifte zu dem, was Luzifer früher schon bewirken wollte. Dieser Ausspruch: «Christus verus Lucifer» ist später nicht mehr verstanden worden. Derjenige allein, der ihn richtig versteht, lernt die ersten Lehren des Christentums kennen.
[ 22 ] So also haben wir diesen Impuls aufzufassen, so haben wir einzusehen, wie die Menschheit vorbereitet wurde zu dem Standpunkt, zu dem sie gelangen sollte. So waren diese vier Zeiten, die indische, persische, ägyptische, griechisch-lateinische, Zeiten der Vorbereitung, der Hinweisung auf das große christliche Ereignis. Es ist aber möglich für den Menschen, sich sozusagen zu versteifen. Denken wir uns einen Menschen zur Zeit des Christus Jesus lebend, und stellen wir uns vor, er könnte mit Bewußtsein entscheiden über das, was er will. Da könnte er, wenn der Christus Jesus käme, so sprechen: Oh, mir ist das genügend, was vorher war. Ich will nichts von ihm wissen, ich will keine Gemeinschaft haben mit dem Christus Jesus. — Da würde er in seiner Seele haben diejenigen Kräfte, diejenigen Impulse, die man in der Zeit vor dem Christus Jesus gewinnen konnte. Er würde alle Impulse haben, die man durch die indische, persische, ägyptische, griechisch-lateinische Kultur erlangen konnte. Aber man darf im kosmischen Werdegang solche Impulse nur so lange haben, bis ein neuer Impuls kommt. Bleibt man stehen, dann bleibt man eben auf dieser Stufe zurück. Also darf man nicht Unverständnis für die geschichtliche Entwickelung an den Tag legen, man darf nicht sagen: Es ist in allen Kulturen dasselbe Prinzip. — Nicht umsonst wird eine Kultur auf der anderen aufgebaut.
[ 23 ] Nehmen wir an, es hätte so jemand verschlafen wollen die christliche Entwickelung, dann würde er hinüberleben in die zukünftige Zeit bis nach dem großen Kriege aller gegen alle. Da aber würde er nichts haben von dem großen Liebe-Prinzip des Christus, das die Iche zusammenführt, das aus den Menschen Gemeinschaften macht. Er würde alles das haben, was die Iche gerade hinunterführt in den Abgrund. Er würde die auseinandertreibenden Kräfte haben, die auseinandersplitternden Kräfte. Und das zeigt uns der eine Umstand, der uns zu der Frage führen kann: Warum gibt uns die Enthüllung der ersten vier Siegel ein so trostloses Bild? — Weil da herauskommen diejenigen Menschen, die stehenbleiben wollen bei diesen vier vorbereitenden Kulturen, in denen die alte Form des Luzifer drinnen ist, die sie auseinandertreibt. Daher wird uns gezeigt durch die Enthüllung der Siegel, wie sie auch die Gestalt bekommen, die sie sich erworben haben. Sie haben verschlafen das Ereignis des Christus Jesus, sie werden wiedergeboren in den Gestalten, die ihnen gegeben werden können ohne den Einfluß des Christus-Prinzipes. Daher erscheint wieder dasjenige, was die bloße Intelligenz, den bloßen Verstand anzeigt: Viermal hintereinander erscheint das Pferd! — Es erscheint die alte Gestalt des Menschen, die er dadurch bekommen hat, daß er die Pferdenatur angenommen hat. Diese Gestalt erscheint bei der Entsiegelung der ersten vier Siegel.
[ 24 ] Und in dem Augenblick, wo das fünfte Siegel entsiegelt wird, worauf werden wir da aufmerksam gemacht? Auf diejenigen, die im vorhergehenden Zeitraum erfassen gelernt haben das Ereignis des Christus Jesus. Sie sind mit weißen Kleidern angetan, sie sind unberücksichtigt geblieben, sie sind bildlich erwürgt worden, sie sind diejenigen, die aufbewahrt werden für die Vergeistigung der Welt. So ist es die Verbindung mit dem Christus Jesus-Prinzip, welche die Menschen dahin bringt, diese weißen Kleider anzuhaben und zu erscheinen, wenn das fünfte Siegel gelöst wird. Da sehen wir, wie uns klar und deutlich angedeutet wird, daß in diesem Zeitpunkt, wo der Christus Jesus erscheint, eine wichtige Epoche der Menschheit ist, jene Epoche, die da bewirkt, daß nach dem Kriege aller gegen alle die vier Zeiträume wieder erscheinen, wo diejenigen, die zurückgeblieben sind, geplagt werden von der Materialität, die mit der Entwickelung mitgegangen ist und an die sie sich gefesselt haben, wo sie geplagt werden von all den Übeln und Qualen der verhärteten, in sich vergröberten Materialität. Und alles, was uns nun weiter beschrieben wird bei der Enthüllung der Siegel, stellt nichts anderes dar als das Hineingehen in den Abgrund. Während wir im fünften Zeitraum nur kurz hingewiesen werden auf diejenigen, die auserwählt sind, werden uns im übrigen alle jene gezeigt, die in der Materialität bleiben, die in den Abgrund hineingehen, die jene Gestalten, die vorher da waren, annehmen, weil sie nicht mitgekommen sind, weil sie nicht die Kraft in sich aufgenommen haben, diese Gestalten umzuwandeln.
[ 25 ] Sie können sich ein Bild davon machen: Denken Sie sich heute alle Ihre Menschengestalten aus Kautschuk und innerhalb dieser Kautschuk-Menschenleiber Ihre innere Seelenkraft, die diesen Kautschukleibern Ihre Menschengestalt gibt. Denken Sie sich, wir nehmen die Seelenkraft heraus: Da würden die Kautschukleiber zusammenschrumpfen, Tiergestalten würden die Menschen erhalten. — In dem Augenblicke, wo Sie die Seele herausziehen aus dem Menschen-Kautschukleibe, da würde der Mensch Ihnen die Tiergestalt zeigen. Was der Mensch sich errungen hat, ist wie etwas, was er durch seine eigene Kraft heute hervorbringt. Wenn Sie das, was er früher im astralischen Leib erzeugt hat, betrachten könnten, dann würden Sie sehen, wie diese Tierähnlichkeit vorhanden ist. Es ist wirklich etwas wie solch eine innerliche Kraft, die dem Kautschukmenschen die heutige Gestalt gibt. Denken Sie sich diese Kraft entfernt, denken Sie sich den Menschen nicht befruchtet von der Christus-Kraft — und der Mensch zuckt zurück in die Tiergestalt. So wird es solchen ergehen, die zurückfallen. Die werden nachher eine Welt bilden, die sozusagen unter der heutigen Welt liegt, eine Welt des Abgrundes, wo der Mensch wiederum Tiergestalt angenommen haben wird.
[ 26 ] So lernen wir begreifen, wie in der Tat die Entwickelung sein wird. Stück um Stück wird dasjenige herauskommen, was jetzt vorbereitet wird, wie in unserer Zeit auch Stück für Stück herausgekommen ist, was in der atlantischen Zeit sich veranlagt hat. Ich habe erzählt, daß im letzten Drittel der atlantischen Zeit sich eine kleine Kolonie gebildet hat, von der unsere Kulturen sich abgeleitet haben, von denen auch noch die späteren zwei Kulturen, die folgen werden, abstammen. Für den nächsten Zeitraum, der alle diese Kulturen ablösen wird, wird das etwas anders sein. Da wird nicht eine auf einen Ort beschränkte Kolonie sein, sondern es werden aus der gesamten Masse der Menschen sich überall diejenigen herausrekrutieren, die reif sind, die gute, die edle, die schöne Seite der nächsten Kultur nach dem Kriege aller gegen alle zu bilden. Das ist wiederum der Fortschritt gegenüber der früheren atlantischen Zeit, daß damals an einem kleinen Orte die Kolonie sich entwickelte, bei uns aber die Möglichkeit gegeben ist, daß über die ganze Erde hin aus allen Stämmen sich diejenigen herausrekrutieren, die wirklich den Ruf der Erdenmission verstehen, die es verstehen, den Christus in sich lebendig zu machen, das Prinzip der Bruderliebe zu entfalten über die ganze Erde hin, und zwar entfalten im richtigen Sinn, nicht im Sinne der christlichen Konfessionen, sondern im Sinne des wahren esoterischen Christentums, das aus allen Kulturen hervorgehen kann. Diejenigen, die dieses christliche Prinzip verstehen, die werden da sein in jener Zeit, die dem großen Kriege aller gegen alle folgen wird. Auf unsere jetzige Kultur, auf unsere reine Verstandeskultur, auf alles das, was sich in der Gegenwart immer mehr und mehr nach dem Abgrund des Verstandes hin entwickelt — und das können Sie auf allen Gebieten des Lebens erfahren —, wird eine Zeit kommen, in welcher der Mensch ein Sklave der Intelligenz sein wird, in der er als Persönlichkeit untergehen wird. Es gibt heute nur ein einziges Mittel, die Persönlichkeit zu bewahren, das ist die Spiritualisierung. Diejenigen, die es verstehen, das spirituelle Leben zu entwickeln, werden zu dem Häuflein der Wohlversiegelten aus allen Nationen und Stämmen gehören, welche erscheinen werden in den weißen Kleidern nach dem großen Kriege aller gegen alle.
[ 27 ] Jetzt fangen wir an, aus unserer unmittelbar gegenwärtigen Kultur des Verstandes heraus die geistige Welt zu begreifen. Das ist das wahre anthroposophische Streben, aus der heutigen Verstandeskultur heraus zu begreifen die spirituelle Welt, zu sammeln die Menschen, die den Ruf nach Spiritualisierung der Welt verstehen können. Nicht eine abgeschlossene Kolonie werden diese bilden, sondern aus allen Nationen heraus werden sie sein, und nach und nach werden sie hinüberleben in den sechsten Zeitraum, also noch nicht etwa über den großen Krieg hinüber, sondern zunächst in den sechsten Zeitraum hinein. Da sind vorläufig noch immer Notwendigkeiten vorhanden, die mit alten Rassennotwendigkeiten zusammenhängen. In unserem Zeitraum spielen ja Rasse- und Kulturepoche noch durcheinander. Der eigentliche Rassebegriff hat seine Bedeutung verloren, aber er spielt noch immer hinein. Es ist keineswegs möglich, daß eine jede Mission in gleichwertiger Weise von einem jeden Volk bei uns schon ausgeübt wird. Manches Volk ist besonders dazu prädestiniert.
[ 28 ] Die Nationen, die heute die Kulturträger des Westens sind, waren ausersehen, den fünften Zeitraum auf die Höhe zu führen. Das waren die Nationen, die den Verstand ausbilden sollten. Daher haben wir da, wo diese westliche Kultur sich ausbreitet, vorzugsweise die Verstandeskultur, und die ist noch nicht zu Ende. Diese Intelligenz wird sich noch ausbreiten. Noch mit viel mehr geistigen Kräften werden die Menschen das, was für des Leibes Notdurft ist, erringen, mit viel mehr geistigen Kräften werden sie sich gegenseitig erwürgen vor dem großen Kriege aller gegen alle. Viele Entdeckungen werden gemacht werden, um die Kriege besser führen zu können, unendliche Intelligenz wird aufgeboten werden, um den niedrigen Trieben Genüge zu leisten. Aber es bereitet sich mittendrinnen doch dasjenige vor, wozu gewisse Nationen des Ostens, des nördlichen Ostens veranlagt sind. Es bereiten sich Nationen vor, aus einer gewissen Stumpfheit aufzuerstehen und in großen gewaltigen Impulsen zu bringen, was ein spiritueller Impuls sein wird, etwas wie der entgegengesetzte Pol zur Intelligenz. Wir werden vor dem sechsten Kulturzeitraum, der repräsentiert ist durch die Gemeinde zu Philadelphia, etwas erleben wie eine gewaltige Völkerehe, eine Ehe zwischen Intelligenz und Verstand und Spiritualität. Heute erleben wir erst die Morgenröte dieser Ehe, und niemand soll das, was eben gesagt wird, wie ein Loblied auf unsere Zeit auffassen, denn man singt nicht Loblieder auf die Sonne, wenn erst die ersten Anzeichen der Morgenröte da sind. Aber wir haben doch merkwürdige Erscheinungen, wenn wir Osten und Westen vergleichen, wenn wir da in die Tiefen und Untiefen und Untergründe der Nationen hineinschauen.
[ 29 ] Fassen wir das nicht auf wie ein Partei-Ergreifen-Wollen. So fern wie nur möglich sind diese Vorträge, die objektiv sein wollen, von irgendeinem Partei-Ergreifen. Aber objektiv können Sie vergleichen das, was im europäischen Westen als Wissenschaft, als Philosophie erreicht wird, mit demjenigen, was im Osten auftaucht, sagen wir bei Tolstoi. Man braucht nicht Anhänger von Tolstoi zu sein, aber das eine ist wahr: In einem solchen Buch wie Tolstois Buch «Über das Leben» können Sie eine Seite lesen, wenn Sie zu lesen verstehen, und das vergleichen mit ganzen Bibliotheken im westlichen Europa. Und Sie können sich dann folgendes sagen: In Westeuropa macht man mit dem Verstande geistige Kultur, man ziseliert aus Einzelheiten zusammen irgendwelche Dinge, welche die Welt verständlich machen sollen. Und in dieser Beziehung hat die westeuropäische Kultur solches geleistet, daß es kein Zeitalter mehr überbieten wird. Aber Sie können das, was durch dreißig Bände solcher westeuropäischer Bibliotheken gesagt werden kann, manchmal in zehn Zeilen zusammengedrängt erhalten, wenn Sie so ein Buch wie «Über das Leben» von Tolstoi verstehen. Da wird mit primitiver Kraft etwas gesagt, aber da haben wenige Zeilen Stoßkraft, die gleichkommt demjenigen, was dort aus den Einzelheiten zusammenziseliert wird. — Da muß man beurteilen können, was aus der Tiefe des Geistes dringt, was spirituelle Untergründe hat und was nicht. Geradeso wie überreife Kulturen etwas Verdorrendes haben, so haben solche aufgehende Kulturen frisches Leben und neue Stoßkraft in sich. Tolstoi ist ja eine vorzeitige Blüte einer solchen Kultur, viel früher gekommen, als daß es möglich wäre, jetzt schon ausgebildet werden zu können. Daher ist er mit allen Fehlern einer unzeitigen Geburt behaftet. All das, was er aufbringt an grotesker Darstellung mancher westeuropäischer Dinge, was unbegründet ist, alles das, was er auch aufbringt an törichten Urteilen, zeigt eben, daß große Erscheinungen die Fehler ihrer Tugenden haben, daß große Gescheitheit die Torheit ihrer Weisheit hat.
[ 30 ] Das sollte nur als Symptom hingestellt werden für die zukünftige Zeit, wo sich zusammenschließen werden das Spirituelle des Ostens und das Intellektuelle des Westens. Aus diesem Zusammenfluß wird hervorgehen die Zeit von Philadelphia. Alle diejenigen werden sich in diese Ehe hineinfinden, die in sich aufnehmen den Impuls des Christus Jesus, und sie werden die große Bruderschaft bilden, welche hinüberleben wird über den großen Krieg, welche angefeindet sein wird, die mannigfaltigsten Verfolgungen erleben wird, aber die Grundlage abgeben wird zu der guten Rasse. Nachdem dieser große Krieg gebracht haben. wird den Aufgang der Tierheit innerhalb derer, die in den alten Formen geblieben sind, wird diese gute Rasse erstehen. Sie werden hinübertragen in die künftige Zeit dasjenige, was die geistig erhöhte Kultur dieser künftigen Zeit sein soll. So werden wir auch erleben, daß in unserer Zeit zwischen der großen atlantischen Flut und dem großen Kriege aller gegen alle, in dem Zeitraum, der durch die Gemeinde zu Philadelphia repräsentiert wird, eine Kolonie sich bildet, die nicht auswandern wird, sondern überall sein wird, so daß überall im Sinn der Gemeinde von Philadelphia, im Sinn des Zusammenschlusses der Menschheit, im Sinne des christlichen Prinzips gewirkt werden wird.
Seventh Lecture
[ 1 ] For people today, there is always something alarming about prophetic predictions of future events. Now we have seen that even in the seven seals we had to point to certain facts of human development that will occur, that we had to practice prophetic arts, so to speak. As we reveal more and more of the Apocalypse of John, we will have to apply such prophetic arts to the fullest extent. Now the question arises: For what reasons is it permissible to speak about these things at all? We mentioned some of the underlying reasons at the beginning of our lectures. We said that at a certain level of initiation, the initiate in the spiritual world is shown what will then descend and become physical events. But with the last two observations we made, the last and the penultimate, we have created another basis for such prophetic arts. We have shown how human beings developed out of spiritual spheres to their present existence. And now, in a certain sense, all the future is also a repetition of the past. Not in the sense that the things of the past will happen again in the same way, but in a changed sense, past events will repeat themselves in future times.
[ 2 ] When we pointed out in our last reflections that human beings in the ancient Atlantean era had a kind of clairvoyance, that they consciously ascended into spiritual worlds, especially during their nighttime state, we must be clear that this state of a certain clairvoyance will repeat itself for humanity. Between this Atlantean period and the one that will follow the war of all against all, we have the period of time that we have described. In a certain sense, after our period of time, what was before, what was in the Atlantean period, will repeat itself, only with an enormous difference. Back then, in the old Atlantean era, human beings had a dreamlike, twilight clairvoyant consciousness, and when they ascended to higher worlds, their clear self-consciousness sank; then they felt as if they were in the group soul. After the great war of all against all, human beings will once again be able to see into the higher world in a certain way. What they had then as dim clairvoyance, they will have again after the great war, but they will have added to this clairvoyance what they have now gradually acquired in the outer physical world.
[ 3 ] Between the Atlantean flood and the great war of all against all, human beings had to renounce for a time their insight into the spiritual worlds. They had to content themselves with seeing only what was visible to them in their so-called waking consciousness, what was around them in the physical world. This is now the normal state of affairs. In return, however, it has become possible for human beings to fully develop their self-awareness, their individual ego, to feel themselves, so to speak, within their own skin as a complete ego personality. They have conquered this. Now they retain this individuality even when they ascend again to higher spiritual worlds, and this ascent will be possible for them after the great war of all against all. But this ascent would not be possible for them if they had not participated in the middle of our period of time in the physical world in that great cosmic event which we presented to our souls yesterday. Human beings would have had to sink into a kind of abyss if they had not been saved from this descent by the coming of Christ into our world. We must imagine that during this period of time, human beings have descended completely into the physical world.
[ 4 ] Imagine a line representing the physical plane and above it what we call the spiritual, or heavenly, world. Below that is what we call the abyss. Human beings actually reach the line separating the spiritual world from the abyss precisely in the fourth period we have described.

[ 5 ] We have described the ancient Indian period, when human beings were still relatively in a spiritual sphere. Before that, they were up in the spiritual world. In Atlantis, they still had a dim clairvoyance. Now they come down and reach the line when the world empire spreads out from Rome and in this world empire human beings become fully conscious as external, sensory beings, as personalities. That was when the Roman concept of law came into the world, when everyone wanted to be an individual personality, an individual citizen. Then human beings had reached this line. At this point, it was possible either to turn back or to sink down.
[ 6 ] Now we have indeed reached a point in human development — and everything I say corresponds entirely to the description in the Apocalypse — where humanity stands before a decision in a certain sense. We have already shown how, in our time, enormous spiritual forces are being used to satisfy the lowest needs. We have shown how the telephone, the telegraph, the railroad, the steamship, and other things that are yet to come have absorbed and will absorb enormous spiritual forces that are used only for the mere satisfaction of lower human needs. But human beings have only a certain amount of mental power. Consider the following: Human beings have used an enormous amount of mental power to invent and construct telegraphs, railroads, steamships, balloons, and so on, in order to promote external culture. — This had to be so. Humanity would have fared badly if it had not been so. But human beings have used these mental powers for many other things as well. Just think how human beings have gradually come to weave all social relationships into an incredibly fine web of understanding. What mental powers were required to bring us to the point where we can write a check in America and cash it in Japan? Enormous powers of the mind have flowed into this activity. These powers had to descend, so to speak, below the line of the physical plane that separates the spiritual realm from the abyss. For in a certain sense, human beings have already descended into the abyss, and anyone who studies time from the standpoint of spiritual science can see in the most mundane phenomena how this continues from decade to decade, how a certain point is always reached where the personality is just able to catch itself. If it allows itself to sink at this point, the personality is lost, and it is not saved to ascend into the spiritual worlds.
[ 7 ] Even in the most mundane things, this can be proven. For example, I could prove it to you in the details of the development of banking in the second half of the nineteenth century. It may be reserved for future historians to clarify that a fundamental change took place there, which we can describe as follows: in banking, the personality gradually fragmented. I would have to refer you to the time when the four Rothschilds set out from Frankfurt, one to Vienna, another to Naples, the third to London, and the fourth to Paris, and how the entire banking system was brought into a personal sphere through their personal talents, which were directed toward this end. Personality became involved in the monetary system. Today, you see the entire banking system becoming impersonal. Capital is passing into the hands of joint-stock companies; it is no longer managed by individual personalities. Capital is beginning to manage itself. We have purely objective forces operating within capital, and even forces within this sphere that are drawing all the will of the personality to themselves, so that the personality has become powerless. Thus, with clear eyes, one can follow the matter into these worldly things and see everywhere how humanity has descended to the lowest point in relation to personality.
[ 8 ] Now the personality can save itself and rise again. It can save itself by, for example, strengthening its inner spiritual powers and truly learning to stand on its own two feet, to become independent of the objective forces of capital. But the personality can also throw itself into these forces, can in a sense sail into them and sink down into the abyss, allowing itself to be ensnared by the forces at work in capital.
[ 9 ] The most important point at which the human personality descends to earth and at which it must turn back is the point at which Christ Jesus appeared on earth. He gave the earth the power that enabled humanity to ascend again. And humanity ascends to the same extent that it has communion with Christ Jesus. To the extent that a greater part of humanity gains an understanding of what this event was, to the extent that the Christ impulse becomes the impulse of their own inner being, from which they work and weave their existence, to the same extent will humanity ascend. More and more, human beings must learn to understand what Paul said: It is not I who do it, but Christ who does it in me.
[ 10 ] So when the impulse that descended onto our physical plane in the fourth period takes root in people's hearts, when it becomes the driving force behind their actions, then the upward ascent takes place. And all the souls that find this connection, that achieve union with the Christ principle, find their way upward. But all souls that do not find this union must gradually descend into the abyss. They would have conquered the ego, but would be unable to ascend with this ego into the spiritual world. And the consequence for such a person who does not find a connection to the Christ principle would be that they detach themselves from spiritual ascent. Instead of ascending, he would descend and become increasingly hardened in his ego. Instead of finding in matter only the opportunity to acquire the ego and then ascend again, he would sink deeper and deeper into matter.
[ 11 ] Yes, everything repeats itself. Human beings have come into a position where they can enter our physical world. By surviving the Atlantean flood, they have gained the opportunity to develop their present human form. This is truly a reflection of the spiritual I-godhead dwelling within human beings. Only because, toward the end of the Atlantean epoch, the etheric body merged with the physical body and the forces of the etheric body entered the physical head did human beings acquire their present human countenance, which already allows the spirit of God to shine through. Let us suppose that he would deny that it is the spirit that has given him the human face. Then he would not use the body as an opportunity to attain self-consciousness and become spiritual again, but would grow together with the body, become so attached to it that he would feel at home only in it. He would remain connected to the body and descend into the abyss, and because he did not use the power of the spirit, his outer form would also become similar to his former form. The human being who descends into the abyss would become animal-like. Thus humanity will accomplish what we have already indicated: those who do not use their life in the body merely as an opportunity to attain self-consciousness will descend into the abyss, and they will form the evil race. They have turned away from the impulse of Christ Jesus, and out of the ugliness of their souls they will again develop the animal form that humans had in earlier times, and down in the abyss the race of the evil ones with their wild instincts will be in animal form. And when those who have become spiritualized, who have taken the Christ principle into themselves, proclaim what they have to say concerning their union with the name of Christ Jesus, then here below there will be heard names of blasphemy, of rejection of what appears as spiritual transformation.
[ 12 ] A person who thinks only halfway might now say: Yes, but there have been so many who have lived who knew nothing of the Christ impulse, why should they not have shared in the impulse of Christ Jesus? — The materialistic thinker will object: Why should salvation have come only with Christ Jesus? — If people who are not anthroposophists say this, it is understandable. But if anthroposophists say this, it is incomprehensible, because they should know that human beings return again and again. And the souls that have lived before will return in new bodies in the time after Christ's appearance, so that there will be no human beings who could miss the event of Christ Jesus. Only those who do not believe in reincarnation can raise such objections as those mentioned above.
[ 13 ] Thus we see how the division is taking place and that a time will come when those who have strived for spiritualization will be able to live in the spiritual world; a time when what they have previously acquired will come forth, when they will bear the name Christ on their foreheads, because they have learned to look up to him. Now, after the seals have been broken, human beings will have in their outer form what they carry within their hearts. Those who carry Christ within their souls will, after the breaking of the seals, bear the mark of Christ Jesus on their faces; they will outwardly resemble Christ Jesus in form. But those who remain with the cultures that preceded the appearance of Christ Jesus will have to experience something else. These four cultures, the ancient Indian, the ancient Persian, the Assyrian-Babylonian-Chaldean-Egyptian-Jewish, and the Greek-Latin cultures, were preparatory times. The soul had to pass through the bodies of these cultures in order to prepare itself for the great event of the appearance of Christ Jesus on earth. At that time, during the period of preparation, two forces were at work. The forces that brought people together are forces that have their material basis in the blood. If human beings had simply been placed side by side in their present form, what was to develop in humanity would never have come about.
[ 14 ] Before the Earth, the Moon was the carrier of our creatures. This old Moon was the cosmos of wisdom; our Earth is the cosmos of love. Our development is aimed at bringing people together in love. When the Earth once dissolves after the seventh trumpet sounds, when it loses its physical substance and transforms into an astral heavenly body, then the love that has developed it in everything earthly will be instilled in the entire human race. For it is this power of love that must be instilled as the earthly mission of humanity, just as you now see the power of wisdom in your surroundings. It has often been pointed out: if you look at just a piece of thigh bone, what a wonderful structure it is! It does not consist of a compact mass, but of many fine scaffolding threads that are so wonderfully arranged that the greatest load-bearing capacity is achieved with the least amount of material, something that no engineer today would be able to produce. And if we were to search everything, we would find that what humans have acquired as their wisdom in the course of their earthly development was already implanted in the earth beforehand.
[ 15 ] Time and again in the course of our history lessons, we are told how man has made progress upon progress, becoming ever wiser and wiser. You remember how the individual stages of becoming wise were presented to you, how you were shown, for example, that in the beginning of modern times, man arrived at the invention of gunpowder, linen paper, wood paper, and so on. Your soul rejoiced at how human beings had advanced. Humans learned to make paper out of their intellect; they invented it completely anew, one might think. But those who view the world in its great context see it in a different light. Wasps were able to do this much earlier, because a wasp's nest is exactly the same as paper. So what humans later conquered in their subjective wisdom was already present in wasp nests thousands of years earlier. The individual wasp cannot produce paper, but the group soul, the ego that encompasses the entire group of wasps, is as wise as humans have become. And everywhere you look, if you are not blind but seeing, wisdom will meet you in things.
[ 16 ] Do not believe that this wisdom did not have to come into being. Oh, the world was not always so imbued with wisdom. During the evolution of the moon, this wisdom gradually flowed into what surrounds us today. During the evolution of the moon, what appeared to be chaotic disorder developed into wisdom. If you could turn your gaze to the old moon, you would find everything still in a state of chaos, not yet wise. In the course of the moon's development, wisdom was poured into beings and creatures, instilled in them, and it was there when the earth emerged from the twilight. Now all things appeared imbued with wisdom. And just as man today looks at his surroundings and sees wisdom springing forth everywhere, so when he reaches Jupiter, he will see all beings around him in a strange way: they will pour out something like the fragrance of blissful love. Love will flow from all things, and it is the mission of Earth's development to unfold this love. Love will then flow through all things, as wisdom now reigns in all things. And this love is poured into the development of the earth through the fact that man has gradually learned to develop love.
[ 17 ] But human beings could not immediately possess spiritual love; this love first had to be implanted in them at the lowest level. Love had to have a material vehicle: this is blood relationship. Practicing love in the realm of blood relationship was the first school. Through this, separate human beings were brought together, so that what flowed as common blood in their veins loved one another. This was the preparatory school of love, the great school of love. And the great impulse that spiritualizes this love, that does not leave it where it has its physical basis, but communicates it to the soul, is the Christ impulse in the world.
[ 18 ] Now, throughout all of prehistory, it would have been strange for human beings if only this one impulse of the community of love had been at work in the blood. The beings who were the guides of ancient times, above all Yahweh, brought human beings together in love so that they united in blood relationships. But if, before the appearance of Christ Jesus, human beings had been united only through blood ties, the individual would never have been able to develop a personality. The individual would have been lost in the crowd. Indeed, the individual was actually very much lost in the whole. The consciousness of being an individual was something that developed only gradually. In the Atlantean era, there could be no question of the individual feeling himself as an individual, but even later this still had an echo. People simply do not understand the old names, otherwise they would realize how people felt. Think of the confessors of the Old Testament: in pre-Christian times, if they really wanted to feel it, they did not feel their ego at all in their individual personality. Everyone who felt the impulse flowing from the Old Testament said to themselves: “I and Father Abraham are one.” For they felt secure in this community that reached back to Abraham, whose blood flowed through all their veins down to the youngest member. And so they said: “I feel that I am not a lost member when I feel that my blood is the same as that of Father Abraham.”
[ 19 ] And they tried to trace the community even further back. People felt secure in the group soul. They pointed to Noah, to Adam. People no longer know what these names mean. They do not know that in those ancient times, people's consciousness was still different from what it is today. Today, people can at best remember things from their childhood, and all memories are certainly lost at birth. Back then, in the patriarchal age, in the time of the ancient patriarchs, this was not the case. People remembered not only what they themselves had experienced, but also what their father, grandfather, and great-grandfather had experienced. These memories were as real to them as your memories of your childhood are to you. They did not know that their life began specifically with their birth. Memory went back centuries. No name was given to the separate consciousness; no meaning could be found in it. Because people remembered their father, grandfather, great-grandfather, and so on, a collective name encompassed the entire chain. “Adam” and “Noah” signify the memory through the generations. As far back as people could remember Noah, they called the chain Noah. This was an inner human being, a spiritual being that lived through the generations. It would have been meaningless to give the outer human being a name. Thus, the name Adam encompasses a spiritual being.
[ 20 ] The individual human being was therefore not yet conscious of his ego. He would have dissolved into the community if there had not been impulses that continually attacked this blurring in the community, working to tear people out of the blood ties that were supposed to lead them to independence. Such spiritual beings nestled in his astral body, giving him the impulses not to let his consciousness blur. These beings are the Luciferic beings. It was they who, in pre-Christian times, worked against the actual unification to which man owes his independence, his developing personality. It is very important to realize that what drew together is due to Yahweh, and what pulled apart is due to the Luciferic spirits.
[ 21 ] In the early days of Christianity, there was a saying that went: “Christus verus Lucifer,” Christ is the true light-bearer — for Lucifer means light-bearer. Why is Christ called the true light-bearer? Because through him, what was previously unjustified has now been justified. Previously, there was a tearing apart; people were not yet ready for independence. Now, through the impulse of the self that they received through Christ Jesus, people were ready to develop love for one another despite the self. Thus, what Lucifer wanted to give humanity, so to speak, in advance, when it was still immature, was brought to humanity by the true light bearer, by Christ Jesus. He brought the impulse toward independence, but also the spiritual love that brings together what is not related by blood. Through him came the epoch in which humanity matured into what Lucifer had wanted to bring about earlier. This saying, “Christus verus Lucifer,” was no longer understood later on. Only those who understand it correctly will learn the first teachings of Christianity.
[ 22 ] This is how we must understand this impulse, how we must see how humanity was prepared for the stage it was to reach. Thus, these four ages—the Indian, Persian, Egyptian, and Greek-Latin—were times of preparation, pointing to the great Christian event. But it is possible for human beings to become stubborn, so to speak. Let us imagine a person living at the time of Christ Jesus, and let us imagine that he could consciously decide what he wants. When Christ Jesus came, he could say: Oh, what was before is enough for me. I want nothing to do with him, I want no fellowship with Christ Jesus.” He would then have within his soul those forces, those impulses that could be gained in the time before Christ Jesus. He would have all the impulses that could be gained through Indian, Persian, Egyptian, and Greek-Latin culture. But in the cosmic evolution, one can only have such impulses until a new impulse comes. If one stands still, one remains at that stage. So one must not show a lack of understanding for historical development; one must not say: It is the same principle in all cultures. It is not for nothing that one culture is built upon another.
[ 23 ] Let us suppose that someone wanted to sleep through the Christian development, then he would live on into the future until after the great war of all against all. But then he would have nothing of the great principle of love of Christ, which brings the I's together and makes communities out of human beings. He would have everything that is currently leading the I's down into the abyss. He would have the forces that drive people apart, the forces that fragment them. And this is shown to us by one circumstance that can lead us to the question: Why does the revelation of the first four seals give us such a bleak picture? — Because those people emerge who want to remain in these four preparatory cultures, in which the old form of Lucifer is present, driving them apart. Therefore, the opening of the seals shows us how they take on the form they have acquired. They have slept through the event of Christ Jesus, and they are reborn in the forms that can be given to them without the influence of the Christ principle. Therefore, what mere intelligence, mere reason indicates, appears again: four times in succession the horse appears! — The old form of man appears, which he has acquired by taking on the nature of the horse. This form appears when the first four seals are unsealed.
[ 24 ] And at the moment when the fifth seal is broken, what are we made aware of? To those who have learned to comprehend the event of Christ Jesus in the previous period. They are clothed in white garments, they have been disregarded, they have been figuratively strangled, they are those who are being kept for the spiritualization of the world. Thus, it is the connection with the Christ Jesus principle that brings people to wear these white robes and appear when the fifth seal is broken. Here we see clearly indicated that at this time, when Christ Jesus appears, an important epoch of humanity is beginning, the epoch that will bring about the reappearance of the four periods after the war of all against all, where those who have been left behind will be tormented by the materiality that has accompanied their development and to which they have become attached, where they will be tormented by all the evils and torments of hardened, coarsened materiality. And everything that is now described to us in the revelation of the seals represents nothing other than the descent into the abyss. While in the fifth period we are only briefly referred to those who are chosen, we are shown all those who remain in materiality, who enter the abyss, who take on the forms that were there before because they did not come along, because they did not take in the power to transform these forms.
[ 25 ] You can imagine this: Think of all your human forms today as made of rubber, and within these rubber human bodies, think of your inner soul power, which gives these rubber bodies their human form. Imagine we take the soul power out: the rubber bodies would shrink, and the people would take on animal forms. The moment you pull the soul out of the human rubber body, the person would show you their animal form. What people have achieved is like something they bring forth today through their own power. If you could see what he has previously created in his astral body, you would see how this animal-like quality is present. It is really something like an inner force that gives the rubber man his present form. Imagine this force removed, imagine man unfertilized by the Christ force — and man recoils into animal form. This is what will happen to those who fall back. They will subsequently form a world that lies, so to speak, beneath the present world, a world of the abyss, where human beings will once again have taken on animal form.
[ 26 ] In this way we learn to understand how evolution will actually be. Bit by bit, what is now being prepared will come to light, just as in our time, bit by bit, what was laid down in the Atlantean epoch has come to light. I have told you that in the last third of the Atlantean epoch, a small colony was formed from which our cultures are derived, and from which the two later cultures that will follow are also descended. For the next period, which will replace all these cultures, it will be somewhat different. There will not be a colony limited to one place, but from the entire mass of people, those who are mature, who are good, noble, and beautiful, will be recruited from everywhere to form the next culture after the war of all against all. This is again the progress made since the earlier Atlantean period, when the colony developed in a small place, but now we have the opportunity to recruit from all tribes across the whole earth those who truly understand the call of the Earth mission, who understand how to make Christ alive within themselves, to unfold the principle of brotherly love across the whole earth, and to unfold it in the right sense, not in the sense of the Christian denominations, but in the sense of true esoteric Christianity, which can emerge from all cultures. Those who understand this Christian principle will be there in the time that will follow the great war of all against all. Our present culture, our pure intellectual culture, everything that is developing more and more toward the abyss of the intellect in the present—and you can experience this in all areas of life—will be followed by a time when human beings will be slaves to their intelligence and will perish as personalities. There is only one means today of preserving the personality, and that is spiritualization. Those who understand how to develop spiritual life will belong to the small group of the well-sealed from all nations and tribes who will appear in white robes after the great war of all against all.
[ 27 ] Now we are beginning to understand the spiritual world out of our immediate present culture of the intellect. This is the true anthroposophical striving: to understand the spiritual world out of today's culture of the intellect, to gather together those people who can understand the call for the spiritualization of the world. They will not form a closed colony, but will come from all nations, and little by little they will live over into the sixth epoch, that is, not yet over the great war, but first into the sixth epoch. For the time being, there are still necessities that are connected with old racial necessities. In our period, the racial and cultural epochs are still mixed up. The actual concept of race has lost its meaning, but it still plays a role. It is by no means possible that every mission is already being carried out in an equal manner by every people among us. Some peoples are particularly predestined for this.
[ 28 ] The nations that are today the bearers of Western culture were chosen to bring the fifth period to its height. These were the nations that were to develop the intellect. Therefore, where this Western culture spreads, we find primarily the culture of the intellect, and this is not yet complete. This intelligence will continue to spread. With even greater intellectual powers, people will achieve what is necessary for the body's needs, and with even greater intellectual powers, they will strangle each other before the great war of all against all. Many discoveries will be made to wage war more effectively, and infinite intelligence will be mustered to satisfy base instincts. But in the midst of all this, something is preparing for which certain nations of the East and the North East are predisposed. Nations are preparing to rise out of a certain dullness and bring about a great and powerful impulse, which will be a spiritual impulse, something like the opposite pole to intelligence. Before the sixth cultural epoch, represented by the church in Philadelphia, we will experience something like a mighty marriage of nations, a marriage between intelligence and reason and spirituality. Today we are only experiencing the dawn of this marriage, and no one should take what has just been said as a song of praise for our time, for one does not sing songs of praise to the sun when the first signs of dawn are just appearing. But we do see strange phenomena when we compare East and West, when we look into the depths and shallows and undercurrents of nations.
[ 29 ] Let us not interpret this as wanting to take sides. These lectures, which aim to be objective, are as far removed as possible from taking sides. But you can objectively compare what has been achieved in Western Europe in terms of science and philosophy with what has emerged in the East, say in Tolstoy. You don't have to be a follower of Tolstoy, but one thing is true: in a book like Tolstoy's “On Life,” you can read one page, if you know how to read, and compare it with entire libraries in Western Europe. And then you can say to yourself: in Western Europe, intellectual culture is created with the mind, people chisel out details to form things that are supposed to make the world understandable. And in this respect, Western European culture has achieved something that no age will ever surpass. But what can be said in thirty volumes of such Western European libraries can sometimes be condensed into ten lines if you understand a book like Tolstoy's “On Life.” Something is said there with primitive force, but a few lines have an impact equal to that which is chiseled out of the details there. — One must be able to judge what comes from the depths of the mind, what has spiritual underpinnings and what does not. Just as overripe cultures have something withering about them, so emerging cultures have fresh life and new impact within them. Tolstoy is indeed a premature blossoming of such a culture, having come much earlier than it would have been possible for it to develop fully at this point. Therefore, he is afflicted with all the faults of a premature birth. Everything he brings forth in his grotesque portrayal of certain Western European things, everything that is unfounded, everything he brings forth in his foolish judgments, shows precisely that great phenomena have the faults of their virtues, that great cleverness has the folly of its wisdom.
[ 30 ] This should only be seen as a symptom of the future, when the spirituality of the East and the intellectualism of the West will unite. From this confluence will emerge the time of Philadelphia. All those who take in the impulse of Christ Jesus will find their way into this marriage, and they will form the great brotherhood that will survive the great war, which will be hostile, will experience the most varied persecutions, but will lay the foundation for the good race. After this great war has been brought about, the animal nature within those who have remained in the old forms will rise, and this good race will arise. They will carry over into the future what is to be the spiritually elevated culture of that future time. Thus we will also experience that in our time, between the great Atlantic flood and the great war of all against all, in the period represented by the community of Philadelphia, a colony will form that will not emigrate but will be everywhere, so that everywhere, in the spirit of the community of Philadelphia, in the spirit of the union of humanity, in the spirit of the Christian principle, there will be activity.