Art as Seen in the Light of Mystery Wisdom
GA 275
4 January 1915, Dornach
VIII. Working with Sculptural Architecture II
I should like to begin today by saying a few words about the boiler house attached to the Goetheanum and the architectural principle underlying it. If you want to study what motivated the architectural forms of this house, you must bear in mind that it is part of the whole Goetheanum building and belongs to it. This fact of it belonging to the building has to come to expression in the artistic conception of the building itself, if this conception is correct. It should not be an abstraction but has to be expressed in the artistic form.
Now let us have a look at the whole question of related artistic forms. We get closest to this if we do what human beings unfortunately do far too seldom, and think of the tremendous artistic creative activity we find exemplified if we are able to look at the spiritual aspect of nature and recognise natural creation as a product of the spirit. I would like to draw your attention to the forms of the bony system because it is easiest to see there. Man's bony system, especially, is less difficult to study than the forms of any other living organisms.
You will know that I have been trying for decades to arouse some understanding in the world for the significant discoveries Goethe made in the field of anatomy and physiology, which I should like to call his second major achievement in this realm. I will not touch on the first one today but only refer to the second. This second significant discovery owes its origin to what one might, in the external materialistic world, call the combination of chance and human genius. Goethe himself relates that one day when he was going for a walk in the Jewish cemetery in Venice he found a sheep's skull that had fallen apart at the seams. Picking it up and looking at the form of the bones the thought occurred to him, ‘When I look at these head bones, what actually are they? They are transformed dorsal vertebrae.'
You know, of course, that the spinal cord that encloses the spine marrow as a nerve cord is composed of rings which fit into one another, rings with a definite shape and processes (procesus vertebralis). And if you imagine one of these rings expanding so that the hole the marrow passes through—for the rings fit into one another—begins to get larger and the bone gets correspondingly thinner and expands like elastic, not only in a horizontal direction but also in other directions, then the form that arises out of this ring form is nothing else but the bone formation which forms our skullcap. Our skullcaps are transformed dorsal vertebrae.
On the basis of spiritual science we can develop this discovery of Goethe's even further and can say today that every bone man has is a transformation, a metamorphosis of a single form. The only reason we do not notice this is because we have very primitive views of what can arise through transformation. If you think of a bone of the upper arm—you know of course what it looks like—a tubular bone like that would not immediately strike you as being similar to a bone in our head. But that is only due to our not having developed the concept of transformation far enough.
The first idea you will have is that the tubular bone has to be puffed up until it is hollow inside, then you ought to arrive at the form of the head bone. But that is not the principle underlying the shapes of the bones. A tubular bone would first have to be turned round, and you would not see the similarity it has to the skullcap until you had turned it inside out like a glove. But when a person turns a glove inside out he expects it to look the same as it did before, doesn't he? This is because the glove is something dead. It is quite different with something living. If the glove were alive, the following would happen when it was turned inside out: changes would occur like the thumb and the little finger getting very long, the middle finger very short, and the palm contracting, and so on. The turning inside out and the varying elasticity of the material would bring all sorts of changes about, in fact, the glove would acquire a totally different form, although it would still be the glove. This is how you must imagine a tubular upper arm bone being turned inside out, and then a skullcap would emerge.
You will realise that the wise powers of the Godhead in the cosmos possessed a greater wisdom than arrogant man has today, to be able to set the forces of transformation in motion that are needed to form a skull.The inner unity in nature comes from the very fact that, fundamentally, even the most dissimilar forms are transformations of one archetypal form. There is nothing in the realm of life that could not arise as a metamorphosis of a primary form. In the course of this metamorphosis something else happens as well. Certain parts of the primary form become larger at the expense of others, and other parts become smaller; also various limbs expand, but not all to the same extent. This produces dissimilarities, although they are all transformations of the same primary form.
Now look at the primary form of our whole Goetheanum building. I can only give you a very sketchy account of what I want to tell you, and only mention one point of view. If you look at the Goetheanum you will see that it has double domes and that the domes rest on a cylindrical sub-structure. The fact that it is a building with double domes is vital, for these double domes are an expression of the living element. If there had only been one dome then in essence our building would have been dead. The living quality of our building is expressed in the fact that the consciousness of the one dome is reflected in the other, as it were, that the two domes mirror one another, just as the part of man that is in the external world is reflected in man's organs. The basic concept of the double dome must be borne in mind in relation to anything organically connected with the Goetheanum, for if it were not to contain the double dome form, however hard it was to recognise, it would not express the essential nature of the concept of the building. Therefore the annexe must also contain the concept of the double dome.

Now look at the double dome and its additional constructions. First of all we have the interpenetration of the two dome motifs, whose importance I have often referred to. They represent a kind of new innovation in architecture and, as you know, were done with the help of Herr Englert. The interpenetration of the two domes is of special importance in the main building because it expresses the inner connection of the two elements which mirror one another. I am giving you this concept of mirroring in an abstract way at the moment. A very great deal is contained in this interpenetration of the two dome motifs; an infinite amount of different aspects. The further stage of the building, the artistic stage, that expresses the image of the concept of spiritual science, can only come into being because we have succeeded in achieving this interpenetration of the double dome motifs. So we have this interpenetration in the main building. If we were to cancel the interpenetration and separate the dome motifs, we move towards the ahrimanic principle. If we bring them closer together or overlap them completely, by building one inside the other, we would approach the luciferic principle.
So the ahrimanic principle has to be taken out of the building. In the annexe the domes have to be pushed apart, for in the case of the annexe, too, the dome concept is vital. And now imagine the domes kept apart. Imagine that on one side, this side motif (south portal of the main building) has shrunk to nothing, so the dotted line has gone, and on the other side it has grown considerably larger (and become the chimney). With the main building in mind, imagine that here (south) you have the separated domes, here is a front structure, and here the whole thing has been pushed in (see a). There the whole thing has been pulled out instead of being pushed in (b) but here (a) it has shrunk to nothing instead of growing. Imagine that on the other side (the front structure of the north portal) it developed considerably, and you have the transformation motif for an annexe of our main building which has developed out of the primary forms. For if you imagine this getting smaller and smaller (the chimney), that coming out again and the whole thing pushed together, then the annexe would be transformed into the main building.
(Dr. Steiner was using a model of the boiler house as he spoke.)

The point is that this metamorphosis of our main building shall be suitable for its purpose. Just as a vertebra arises out of the same primary form as the human skull, and you can think of one changing into the other, you can also think of the main building and the annexe changing from one to the other. The concept of the form can pass from one form to the other, if it metamorphoses and becomes alive.
We really have to become apprentices of the creative hierarchies who created by means of metamorphosis, and learn to do the same thing ourselves.
Now imagine the kind of force necessary to enlarge this insignificant-looking part on this side (north portal of the main building which becomes the chimney). If you have a small rubber bag that you want to enlarge, you have to press it this way and that way from inside so that it gets bigger. A force has to be there that can enlarge things and develop them. So if one of these side wings really has to be puffed up, it would have to be done by a force working from inside, from here (see left diagram).

What kind of forces can they be, in there? You can study these forces in the forms of the architraves. If you imagine the forces in the architraves jumping into the side structure and pushing this up, you get this form (chimney and back wall). You have to try and slip inside these forms of the architraves with your formative artistic thinking and contract and expand them. Imagine, that because you have slipped inside, you enlarge what is small in there. Then this form arises (chimney and back wall). There is no other way of going about creating things that belong together, than by trying to get inside them.
This slipping into things and being inside them is another way of imitating the creative forces in nature, and unless modern industrial civilisation does this, it will not overcome its godforsakenness. It would be impossible to imagine the ordinary kind of chimney as a product of natural creation. It only exists because there is a denial of divine-spiritual forces in nature. There is hardly anything outside in nature that you could compare with an ordinary chimney except possibly the rather hideous-looking asparagus plant. But that is a kind of exception. Whatever grows with the forces of earth can never go straight upwards like a chimney. If you want to study the forces that work in an upward direction, a tree is the best example in which to find what corresponds to the hidden forces in the earth, for a tree does not only develop a trunk in the vertical, but also has to reach out with its branches. The point obviously is not to imitate this directly in the model, but to study those forces which radiate out from the earth and overcome the purely vertical direction of the tree trunk by reaching out breadthways and putting forth branches. This part here does justice to the centrifugal forces in space, in the cosmos, to what I would like to call the branchlike centrifugal forces (on the chimney).
Although I have only been able to show you the roughest principles, I could justify the principles behind this architectural form in minute detail in the case of every single plane, but it would take too long.
Now a form such as this is only complete when it is fulfilling its purpose. If you look at the form now it is not complete. It will only be complete when the heating is actually functioning inside and smoke is coming out; smoke belongs to it, it really belongs, and this has been included in the architectural form. One day when the rising of the smoke is observed clairvoyantly, and the smoke coming out of the chimney, the spiritual part of the rising smoke will also be taken into consideration—for we shall know, when we have really observed it clairvoyantly, that the physical also contains a spiritual element. For just as you have a physical, an etheric and an astral body, the smoke also has at least an etheric part. And this etheric part goes a different way from the physical: the physical part will go upwards, but the etheric part is really caught by these twigs that reach outwards. A time will come when people will see the physical part of the smoke rising while the etheric part wafts away. When this kind of thing is expressed in the form, a principle of all art is gradually being complied with, namely, the presenting of the inner essence in outer form, really making the inner essence the principle according to which the outer form is created.
As I said, I would have to do a lot of talking if I were to go into all the details on which these architectural forms are based, although these might be far more interesting than those we have already discussed. One of these interesting things is that it was possible to express everything that had to be expressed in this modern material, and build with concrete. For it will be possible to go a long way with form-making in this modern material, especially in the designing of buildings in this style that will serve modern ahrimanic civilisation. In fact it is essential to do so. There is no need for me to go into any further details, because I am more concerned with showing you the principle of this building and everything to do with it. This principle can he modified in many respects. For instance the dome can be modified so that it does not look like a dome any more, if it is looked at merely from the geometrical-mathematical point of view and not organically, and so on. But today I wanted to discuss the particular principle of inner metamorphosis and transformation, the life principle within these. I wanted to cite this to show you in what way real artistic creativity, when it has to do with our spiritual-scientific conception, has to differ from any kind of symbolic interpretation, for that is external. It is a matter of getting an inner grasp of what you are being shown here and following the process with your whole soul.
When the building is eventually finished we do not continually want to be asked, ‘What does this mean and that mean?', and have to witness people happily believing that they have discovered the meaning of some of these things. Regarding some of these interpretations, we have come into a strange position along some of the by-paths of theosophy, with respect to quite a number of poetic and literary works. For instance, people have explained plays by saying that one person means manas, another person buddhi and a third person atma, and so on. If you want to, you can of course explain everything like this. But we are not concerned with this kind of interpretation, but with entering into things and joining in the process of creativity that came from the higher hierarchies and fills and forms the whole of our world. There is no need to avoid doing this just because it is more difficult than symbolic or allegorical interpretation. For it leads into the spiritual world and is the very strongest incentive for really acquiring imagination, inspiration and intuition.
A vital part of the present-day impulses for change is that we acquire more and more understanding for the way the human soul rises into the realms that open up to imaginative, inspirational and intuitive observation. For these realms contain the elements that will make our world whole again, and which will lift us up out of mere maya and lead us to true reality.
It has to be stressed again and again that the new spiritual knowledge we are moving towards, cannot consist of repeating the results of earlier clairvoyance. There are certainly a lot of people striving to repeat earlier clairvoyance, but the time for this clairvoyance is over, and it is only atavistic echoes of ancient clairvoyance that can possibly occur in these few individuals. But the levels of human existence to which we must ascend will not open up to a repetition of ancient clairvoyance. Let us have another look at the essential basis of this new clairvoyance. We have often referred to the principle of the thing, and now we want to try and approach it from another angle.
Again we will start with something we all know, namely, that during waking day man lives with his ego and his astral body within his etheric and his physical body. But I have already emphasised during the past few days that, awake as he is between waking up and going to sleep, man is not fully awake, for something in him is still asleep. What we feel as our will is really only partly awake. Our thoughts are awake from when we wake up until we go to sleep, but willing is something we carry out completely in a dream. This is why all the pondering about freedom of will and about freedom altogether has been in vain, because people have failed to notice that what they know about the will during the daytime is actually only the dreaming of their will impulses. If you have an impulse of will and make a mental image of it you are certainly awake. But in waking life man only dreams with regard to how the will arises and goes over into action.
If you pick up a piece of chalk and make a mental image of picking it up, that is of course something you can have a mental image of. But with only your day consciousness and without clairvoyance you know no more about how the ego and astral body stream into your hand and how the will spreads out, than you know about a dream whilst you are dreaming. We can only dream about the actual will with ordinary waking consciousness, and where most things are concerned we do not even dream, we just sleep. You can clearly visualise putting a mouthful of food on your fork, and to a certain extent you can visualise chewing it, but you do not even dream about swallowing it. You are usually quite unconscious of it, as you are unconscious of your thoughts while you are asleep. So during waking life a major part of our will activity is carried out in waking day sleep.
If we did not sleep with regard to our desires and the feeling impulses bound up with them, something strange would begin to happen. We would follow the course of our actions right into our body; everything we do out of will impulse would be followed up inside us in our blood and throughout the whole circulation. That is, if you could follow the picking up of a piece of chalk from the point of view of the will impulse, you would follow what is going on in your hand right into the blood circulation; you would see the activity of the blood and the feelings that are bound up with this from inside. For instance, you would have an inner perception of the weight of the piece of chalk and become aware that you are seeing the nerve channels and the etheric fluid inside them. You would feel yourself moving through the activity of the blood and the nerves, which would amount to an inner enjoyment of your own blood and nerve activity. But we have to be free of this inner enjoyment of our own blood and nerve activity during earthly life, otherwise we would go through life wanting this inner enjoyment to accompany everything we do. Our enjoyment of self would increase enormously. But as man is now constituted he should not have this enjoyment. And the secret of why he should not have it can again be found in a passage of the Bible, for which we ought to feel greater and greater reverence.
After what had occurred in paradise and is told in the paradise myth, man was permitted to eat from the tree of knowledge but not from the tree of life. Now this inner enjoyment would be the enjoying of the tree of life, and man is not permitted to do this. I cannot develop this theme further today as it would lead too far, but through meditating on it yourselves you will be able to discover more about it. Another thing that can have special significance for us in connection with these present lectures and arises out of this, is the following: not being able to eat from the tree of life means not being able to enjoy the blood and nerve activity going on within us. Yet just because we know the outer world by means of our senses and our reason, something comes about that surely has something to do with this kind of enjoyment. Whenever we perceive anything in the outer world and whenever we think about it, we follow the course of our blood circulation in the region of the senses—eyes, ears, nose and taste nerves—and, in the case of thinking, the nerve channels. But we do not have the perception of what is going on in the blood circulation and nerve channels, for what we would have perceived in the blood is reflected and mirrored by the senses, thus causing the sense impressions to arise. And what is conducted through the nerve channels is also reflected and conducted back to the nerve ends, where it is then mirrored as thought.
Now imagine for a moment a human being who is in the following situation: he does not just follow the course of his blood as it responds to the outer world and then receive a mirror image of what his blood does, nor does he just follow the course of his nerves and receive a mirror image of what his nerves do, but he is in a position to experience within himself what is denied us with regard to our blood and our sense nerves; he experiences the blood moving towards the nerve and the eyes. If this were the case he would enjoy his own inner process, at least in the blood and the nerves in this area. This is how the inner pictures of atavistic clairvoyance arise. What we see reflected are only pictures, filtered pictures as it were of what is in the blood and the nerves. There are world secrets in the blood and nerves, but the kind of world secrets that have already given their substance to creating us. It is only ourselves we get to know when we acquire the imaginations resulting from experiencing the blood circulating to the senses, and it is only the inspirations which have the task of building up our bodily nature we get to know, when we experience ourselves in the nerves leading to our senses.
A whole inner world can arise in this manner, and this inner world can be a collection of imaginations. Yet although, when perceiving the outer physical world in a way that is proper for our earth evolution, we perceive reflections of our blood and nerve activities, we still cannot get beyond the senses when we indulge in inner enjoyment, but reach only to the point where the blood circulation flows into the senses. Then the experience of the imaginative world is comparable to swimming in blood like a fish in water. But this imaginative world is in reality not an outside world but a world living in our blood. If one lives in the nerves leading to the senses one experiences an inspirational world full of music of the spheres and inner pictures. This is cosmic again but it is nothing new. It has already fulfilled its task in that it has flowed into our nerve and blood systems.
The kind of clairvoyance arising in this way, and leading man further into himself instead of beyond himself, is self-enjoyment, veritable self-enjoyment. This is why a kind of refined voluptuousness is brought about in people who become clairvoyant in this way and experience a world which is new to them. And on the whole we must say that this kind of clairvoyance is a return to an earlier stage of evolution. For although this experiencing of a person's own sense organs and blood, as I have been describing to you, did not exist then in the form in which it does today, the nervous system was already there in a germinal state. This kind of perception was the normal one for man on ancient Moon, and what he had then in the way of the beginning of nerves served to give him an inner perception of himself. The blood had not yet taken form inside him. It was more like a warm breath coming towards him from outside, like we receive the rays of the sun. Therefore what is now, on the earth, a perception of the inner blood system was regular, normal perception of the outside world at the Moon stage.
You could say that if this is the borderline between man's inner and outer world (a diagram was drawn), then, what are now our nerves were already there, in germinal form, on the Moon. By following the course of the nerves he could perceive what was within him, as a world of inner imagination. He saw that he himself belonged in the cosmos. He also had an imaginative perception of what came to him as a breath from outside and not from inside. That has now ceased, and what was outside, on ancient Moon, has become internalised as the blood circulation in Earth evolution. So it is a regression to the old Moon evolution.
It is good to know of these things, because that kind of clairvoyance keeps on making its appearance. It does not need to be acquired along the hard path of meditation and concentration described in Knowledge of the Higher Worlds. The kind of clairvoyance that arises as a result of learning to experience one's nerves and blood as an inner enjoyment is just a more refined development of organic life, a further development of the experience of eating and drinking. This is certainly not mankind's present task, but is a kind of hot-house plant which arises when self-enjoyment of things such as eating and drinking is developed to a fine art. Just as a wine connoisseur has an inner after-taste which is only an imagination of the taste and is not formative, some people have a subtle inner enjoyment which is their clairvoyance.
A lot of clairvoyance is nothing more than a subtle, refined, forced kind of after-taste of life. We must become aware of these things again in our time. For people have not known about these secrets nor referred to them in literature since the first half of the nineteenth century. Then the second half of the nineteenth century came, with all the discoveries that are considered so wonderful, and they certainly are wonderful from their point of view, and an understanding of these things and the finer connections of existence were lost. But what has not yet been lost—and this is said in parenthesis—is the enjoyment of the effects of the coarser things we imbibe. Mankind continues to be able to live in the after-enjoyment of eating and drinking, and, precisely in the materialistic age, has cultivated this to an extent.
But mankind lives in a rhythmic cycle where things like this are concerned. Of course, because it has eradicated the general feeling it used to have of indulging in self-enjoyment in the senses, nerves and blood circulation, which people had to a greater extent in the past, the materialistic age can devote itself even more strongly to the effects of eating and drinking. You can easily study the whole change and rapid development that has taken place in a relatively short time in this realm. You have only to compare a hotel menu of the 1870's with a present-day one (1915), and you will see the progress that has been made in the sphere of refined pleasures, in the self-enjoyment of one's own body. Yet things of this kind also move in cycles, and achievements are only carried to a certain level. Just as a pendulum can only swing to a certain point before it has to go back again, the indulgence in mere physical pleasure will also have to go in the other direction once it has reached a certain point. This will occur when the keenest epicureans, that is, people with the most longing for pleasures, will look at the choicest dainties and say, ‘Ugh! I don't feel like having that, that is just too much!' This moment will certainly come, for it is a necessary development. Everything moves in cycles.
Man experiences the other side of life during sleep. His thought life is asleep and quite different conditions prevail, of course. Now I said that it was chiefly the first half of the nineteenth century that had insight into these matters still; and the kind of clairvoyance that arises when one follows the course of one's own blood and nerve channels was still called pythian clairvoyance at that time, from certain memories the people had, and it is indeed related to the foundations of ancient pythian clairvoyance.
Other conditions prevail during sleep. Man is outside his physical and etheric body with his ego and astral body. In ordinary life thoughts are then suppressed and devitalised. But between falling asleep and waking up man lives continually with the longing for his physical body. This is precisely what sleep consists of, acquiring a longing for his physical body from the moment he falls asleep. This rises to a climax and then urges him more and more to return to his body. When he is asleep the longing to return to his own physical body becomes stronger and stronger. And because the longing pervades the ego and the astral body like a mist, the life of thought is dimmed. Just as we cannot see the trees any more when mist encloses them, we cannot experience our life of perception within us when the mist of our longing envelops us.
Now it can happen that this longing grows so strong during sleep, that man does not keep it outside his physical and etheric body, but that his greed grows to the extent that he partly takes hold of his physical and etheric body and comes into touch with the extreme ends of his blood and nerve channels; he penetrates from outside as it were through his senses into the extreme ends of his blood circulation and his nerve channels.
In ancient times, when man still had experiences like these with the help of the gods, as it were, it was a normal and healthy process. The old Hebrew prophets, who accomplished so much for their people, acquired their prophetic gifts through making use of the tremendous love they bore precisely for the blood and nerve composition of their own people, so that even during sleep they did not want to let go altogether of that which lived physically in their people. These prophets of Jewish antiquity were seized with such longing and filled with such love that even in sleep they wanted to remain bound to the blood of the people to whom they belonged. This is precisely what gave them their prophetic gifts.
This is the physiological origin of these prophetic gifts, and splendid achievements came about through this channel. This is precisely why the prophets of the various peoples had such significance for their people, because even when they were outside the body they maintained a contact with it in this way.
As I mentioned, there was still a certain awareness right up to the first half of the nineteenth century, of this connection in the life of humanity. Just as they called the other kind of clairvoyance pythian clairvoyance, this kind of clairvoyance, which came about through contact of the ego-astral nature of man with the blood and nerve channels of the physical body during sleep, was called prophetic clairvoyance.
If you look at the literature of the first half of the nineteenth century you will find descriptions of pythian and prophetic clairvoyance, even if they are not as precise as spiritual-scientific descriptions of them would be today. People do not know the difference between them any more, since they have no understanding for what they can read about them in the books of the first half of the nineteenth century. But neither of these kinds of clairvoyance can really help humanity forward today. Both of them were right for olden times. Modern clairvoyance, which has to develop further and further in the future, can come about neither through enjoying what is going on in our bodies while we are awake, nor by entering into the body from outside in a sleeplike state, urged on by love—even if it is not for ourselves, but for the part of mankind to which our body belongs. Both these levels have been superseded.
Modern clairvoyance must be a third way, neither a taking hold of the physical body from outside, in loving longing, nor an enjoying of the physical body from inside. Both these phenomena, that which lives within and floods the body with pleasure, and that which can seize hold of the body from outside, have to go out of the body, if modern clairvoyance is to occur; they may only have the sort of relationship with the body, during incarnation between birth and death, in which they neither enjoy nor love the blood and nerves, either from inside or from outside, but remain connected with the body whilst freely abstaining from such self-enjoyment or self-love. The connection with the body has to be maintained nevertheless, of course, otherwise it would mean a dying. Man must remain bound to the body that belongs to him in physical incarnation on earth, and this must be done by means of the organs which are remote, as it were, or at least relatively remote from the activity of blood and nerves. A detaching from the activity of blood and nerves must be achieved.
When a person no longer indulges in enjoyment of self along the channels leading to the senses, nor takes hold of himself, from outside, as far as the senses, but has the kind of relationship to himself, both from inside and from outside, in which he can actually take living hold of what symbolises the death of physical life, then the proper condition has been reached. For we actually die physiologically because we are able to develop the bony system. When we are capable of taking hold of the skeleton which folk wisdom recognises as the symbol of death, and which is as remote from the blood system as it is from the nervous system, then we come to what we can call spiritual-scientific clairvoyance, which is higher than either pythian or prophetic clairvoyance.
With spiritual-scientific clairvoyance we take hold of the whole and not just part of the human being, and it actually makes no difference whether we take hold of it from inside or outside, for this kind of clairvoyance can no longer be an act of enjoyment. Instead of being a subtle enjoyment it is an opening up and rising into the divine-spiritual forces of the All. It is a uniting with the world. It is no longer an experiencing of the human being and the mysteries that have been woven into him, but an experiencing of the deeds of the beings of the higher hierarchies, whereby one truly lifts oneself out of self-enjoyment and self-love. Man must become a thought as it were, an organ of the higher hierarchies, just as our thoughts are organs of our souls. To be thought of, pictured and perceived by the higher hierarchies, is the principle of spiritual-scientific clairvoyance. To be received, not to take oneself.
I would like to express the wish that what I have just been saying might become a real object for your meditation, for precisely that which I have been telling you today can bring many, many things to life in all of you and enliven the actual impulses of our spiritual-scientific movement to an ever greater extent. And how seriously we have to take the enlivening of our spiritual-scientific movement has often been spoken of during these days together. We could bring to realisation a further part—I will not say of what was intended—but of what ought to be intended within this spiritual-scientific movement, if as many people as possible would resolve to think about this threefold form of knowledge of higher worlds in a living way, so that our thoughts become clearer and clearer about what, at bottom, we all intend, and which can become so easily confused with what can be had much more comfortably.
Truly, it is not for nothing that we work from cycle to cycle to accumulate more and more concepts and ideas. It is not needless work studying these concepts and ideas, for it is precisely the way to prepare the soul impulses that will lead us to real spiritual-scientific clairvoyance. By snatching up one or two ideas given by anthroposophy you can sometimes make a chink in one or another part of the human organisation, causing fragments of pythian and prophetic clairvoyance to arise, enough to make people proud of themselves. If this is the case, we often hear statements like this, ‘I don't need to study everything in detail, and I don't need what the cycles say. I know all that, I knew it already.’ And so on. Many people are still satisfied with the principle of living in a few imaginations which we could call blood and nerve imaginations. A lot of people fancy they have something really special if they have a few blood and nerve imaginations. But this is not what can lead us to selfless co-operation in mankind's development. Indulging in blood and nerve imaginations actually leads to a heightening of self-enjoyment, to a more subtle form of egoism. Then, of course, the cultivation of spiritual science can be the very thing that breeds an even more subtle kind of egoism than you ever find in the outside world.
It is taken for granted that one is never referring to the present company nor to the Anthroposophical Society, which is, of course, here. But it should be permissible to mention that there are societies in which some people manage to turn the principles in their favour, and without really giving their unselfish support, make use of one or another thing, preferably those things which stimulate blood or nerve imaginations, and then imagine they can spare themselves the rest. As a result they acquire an atavistic clairvoyance, or perhaps not even that, but only the feelings that accompany that kind of imaginative clairvoyance. These feelings are not an overcoming of egoism, just a heightened form of it. You find in societies like this—the Anthroposophical Society excepted for politeness’ sake—that although it would be people's duty to develop love and harmony out of the depths of their hearts from one member to another, you find disharmony, quarrelsomeness, people telling tales about one another, and so on. I can say things like this, for as I said, I always make an exception of the members of the Anthroposophical Society.
This shows us that dark shadows are thrown just where a strong light is about to appear. I am not finding such faults because I imagine these things can be exterminated overnight. That cannot happen, because they come from nature. But at least each person can work on himself; and it is not a good thing if you are not made aware of these things.
It is thoroughly understandable that just because a particular movement has to be founded, the shadow sides also make themselves felt in these societies, and that what is rampant in outside life is far more rampant within them. Yet it always gives one a bitter feeling if this happens in societies which, by their very nature—otherwise there would be no point in having a society—should develop a certain brotherliness, a certain loyalty, but just because they come closer together, certain faults that are short-lived in the outside world develop all the more fiercely. As the present company, the Anthroposophical Society, is excepted, it will give us all the more opportunity to think and reflect about these things quite objectively and impartially, so that we really know what they are about. Then if we come across them somewhere, we shall know them for what they are, and not imagine that if someone thinks he has a particularly deep grasp of anthroposophy, that we cannot understand that faults which occur in the outside world appear much more strongly in him. We shall understand it, but we shall also know that we have to combat them. Sometimes we cannot combat them until we have really understood them.
This is another example showing how closely connected life is with the spiritual-scientific outlook; that this spiritual- scientific outlook cannot, in fact, achieve its aim unless it becomes an attitude to life, an art of life, and is brought into the whole of life. How wonderful it would be if in—let us now say the Anthroposophical Society—all the various human relationships proved to be as harmonious as we have tried to make the forms of our Goetheanum building, where they change from one to the other and each is in harmony with the other. If it could be the same in life as it is in the Goetheanum, and the whole life of our Society could be like the wonderful co-operation among the people engaged in building the Goetheanum, so that even this very building activity is a harmonious and noble image of what comes to expression in the building itself.
Thus, the inner significance of the life principle of our Goetheanum building and the inner significance of the co-operation among the souls—no, I would rather not say that—the inner significance of the harmony of the forms of our building, should find their way into all the various human relationships in our society, and their inner formative force should stand before us as a kind of ideal. I should just like to assure you that the wrong words did not slip out just now, when I stopped in mid-sentence. I stopped quite deliberately, and sometimes the thing is said without actually saying it.
To summarise the theme I have given in many variations over these days; what I want to recommend to you most warmly is not only to look at the thoughts and ideas of spiritual science, the results of spiritual research, with your intellect and reason, but to take what lives in spiritual science into your hearts. For the salvation of mankind's future progress really depends on this. This can be said without presumption, for anyone can see it if they try at all to study the impulses of our evolution and the signs of our times. With these thoughts I will close the series of lectures I ventured to give you at the turn of the year.
Achter Vortrag
Ich möchte heute meinen Ausgangspunkt nehmen von einer kleinen Betrachtung über das unserem Bau zugeordnete Heizhaus und mit einigen Worten das architektonische Prinzip dieses Heizhauses zur Darstellung bringen. Sie müssen, wenn Sie die Motivierung der architektonischen Formen dieses Hauses betrachten wollen, ins Auge fassen, daß dieses Haus ein dem ganzen Bau zugeordneter Teil ist, gewissermaßen also zu dem Bau gehört. Dieses ausgesprochene: Es ist das etwas, was zu dem Bau gehört -, muß schon in dem künstlerischen Gedanken des Baues, wenn dieser richtig sein soll, zum Ausdruck kommen. Das darf nicht eine Abstraktion sein, sondern es muß in der künstlerischen Form zum Ausdruck kommen.
Nun handelt es sich darum, einmal die Frage ins Auge zu fassen: Wie steht es denn überhaupt mit diesen zusammengehörigen künstlerischen Formen? — Wir kommen der Betrachtung dieser Frage am allernächsten, wenn wir jene große künstlerische Schöpfertätigkeit ins Auge fassen, die leider von den Menschen viel zu wenig ins Auge gefaßt wird, die große schöpferisch-künstlerische Tätigkeit, die wir vorgebildet finden, wenn wir imstande sind, die Natur geistig zu betrachten, das natürliche Schaffen als hervorgehend aus dem Geiste zu betrachten. Weil die Betrachtung sich verhältnismäßig noch am einfachsten darstellt, möchte ich Ihren Blick hinlenken auf diejenigen Formen, die sich im Knochensystem zum Ausdruck bringen. Alle übrigen Glieder organischer Wesenheiten sind in ihren Formen noch schwieriger zu studieren als beispielsweise das Knochensystem des Menschen.
Nun wissen Sie, daß es mein Bestreben war seit Jahrzehnten schon, ein wenig Verständnis hervorzurufen in der Welt für das Bedeutsame, das getan worden ist durch die großen anatomisch-physiologischen Entdeckungen, die Goethe gemacht hat, ich möchte sagen, als ein zweites großes Werk auf diesem Gebiete. Das erste will ich heute nicht berühren, ich will nur auf das zweite hinweisen. Diese zweite bedeutsame Entdeckung verdankt ihre Entstehung dem, was man in der äußeren materialistischen Welt die Verbindung eines Zufalls mit einer genialen Menschennatur nennen könnte. Goethe erzählt selber, daß er einmal beim Spazierengehen auf dem Judenkirchhofe in Venedig einen Schöpsen- oder Schafschädel fand, dessen einzelne Knochenteile auseinandergefallen waren nach ihren Nähten. Und als er diesen Schädel aufhob und ihn so betrachtete der Form der Knochen nach, da ging ihm ein Gedanke auf, der Gedanke: Ja, wenn ich mir so diese Kopfknochen anschaue, was sind sie denn eigentlich ? Sie sind umgebildete Rückenwirbelknochen.
Sie wissen ja, die Knochensäule, innerhalb welcher das Rückenmark des Menschen eingeschlossen ist als ein Nervenstrang, ist aus übereinandergelegten Ringen zusammengesetzt, aus bestimmt geformten Ringen, die Fortsätze haben. Und wenn man sich nun denkt, daß solch ein Ring sich ausdehnt, zunächst so ausdehnt, daß jenes Loch, durch welches das Rückenmark durchgeht — denn es sind übereinandergelegte Ringe —, zunächst größer wird und der Knochen entsprechend dünner wird und sich ausdehnt wie etwas Elastisches, nicht nur in horizontaler Richtung sich ausdehnt, sondern auch nach andern Richtungen, so entsteht aus diesen Ringknochen eine Form, welche nichts anderes ist als die Knochenform, die unsere Schädeldecke bildet. Unsere Schädelknochen sind also umgewandelte Rückenwirbelknochen.
Wenn wir auf dem Boden der Geisteswissenschaft stehen, können wir diese Goethesche Entdeckung noch weiter ausbilden, und heute kann sie in viel weiter ausgebildeter Form gesagt werden, in der Weise gesagt werden, daß alle Knochen, die der Mensch überhaupt an sich trägt, Umbildungen, Metamorphosen einer einzigen Form sind. Man bemerkt dies nur aus dem Grunde nicht, weil man sehr primitive Anschauungen hat über das, was durch die Umbildung, durch die Umgestaltung entstehen kann. Wenn Sie, ich will sagen, einen Oberarmknochen ins Auge fassen, solch einen röhrenförmigen Oberarmknochen - Sie wissen ja, wie solch ein Knochen ausschaut -, so würde er Ihnen allerdings nicht ohne weiteres ähnlich erscheinen einem Knochen, den wir am Kopfe tragen. Das rührt aber nur davon her, weil man nicht weit genug ist im Durchdenken der Umformungsgedanken.
Zunächst denkt man, solch ein Röhrenknochen muß aufgeplustert werden, und wenn er aufgeplustert ist und er drinnen eine Höhle hat, so müßte sich die Form des Kopfknochens ergeben. So ist es aber nicht mit den Knochen, sondern einen Röhrenknochen müßte man erst umkehren, so daß man seine Ähnlichkeit mit dem Schädelknochen dann ersehen könnte, nachdem man ihn umgestülpt hätte wie einen Handschuh, den man umkehrt mit dem Inneren nach außen. Aber nicht wahr, nun ist der Mensch gewohnt, wenn man einen Handschuh umstülpt, daß das, was herauskommt, ähnlich ausschaut dem Früheren, aber der Handschuh ist nun etwas Totes und bei einem Lebendigen ist das nicht so der Fall. Zum Beispiel wenn der Handschuh etwas Lebendiges wäre, so würde durch das Umstülpen folgendes geschehen. Es würden zum Beispiel gewisse Veränderungen entstehen, es würden der Daumen und der kleine Finger sehr lang werden, der Mittelfinger sehr kurz und so weiter, die Handfläche würde sich zusammenziehen und so weiter. Dann würden durch das Umstülpen und durch die verschiedene Elastizität des Stoffes ganz verschiedene Änderungen eintreten, kurz, der Handschuh würde durch das Umstülpen eine ganz andere Form haben, obgleich es immer noch der Handschuh ist. So müssen Sie sich zum Beispiel einen röhrenförmigen Oberarmknochen umgestülpt denken und es würde dann ein Kopfknochen daraus entstehen.
So müssen Sie sich denken, die weisen, göttlichen Mächte im Kosmos haben eine größere Weisheit besessen, als sie jene zur Schädelbildung nötigen umformenden Kräfte ins Werk setzten, als der stolze Mensch sie heute hat. Darauf gerade beruht die innere Einheit alles Natürlichen, daß im Grunde genommen alle, auch die einander unähnlichsten Gebilde, Umwandlungen sind von einer Urgrundform. Es gibt nichts, das Lebensmöglichkeit haben sollte, was nicht auf diese Weise entstehen würde, daß es Umwandlungsform einer Grundform wäre. Bei diesem Umwandeln entsteht dann auch noch etwas anderes. Gewisse Teile der Grundform werden auf Kosten anderer größer, andere werden kleiner, es vergrößern sich einzelne Glieder, und nicht in demselben Maße vergrößern sich wieder andere Glieder. Dadurch entstehen Unähnlichkeiten, die aber doch nur Umformungen einer Grundform sind.
Nun nehmen Sie einmal die Grundform, die sich Ihnen ergeben kann, wenn Sie unseren ganzen Bau ins Auge fassen. Ich kann das, was ich Ihnen zu sagen habe, nur skizzenhaft zusammenfassen und nur einen der Gesichtspunkte andeuten, die in Betracht kommen.

Wenn Sie unseren Bau in Betracht ziehen, so finden Sie, daß er ein Doppelkuppelbau ist, so daß die Kuppeln auf einem zylindrischen Unterbau aufsitzen. Er ist ein Doppelkuppelbau. Das ist das Wesentliche, denn daß eine Doppelkuppel vorhanden ist, das drückt das Lebendige an der Sache aus. Wäre nur eine einzige Kuppel vorhanden, so wäre das Wesen unseres Baues tot. Das Lebendige unseres Baues kommt dadurch zum Ausdruck, daß gewissermaßen die eine Kuppel in der andern ihr Bewußtseinsspiegelbild hat, daß sich die beiden Kuppeln ineinander spiegeln, wie sich dasjenige, was von den Menschen in der Außenwelt vorhanden ist, durch die Organe des Menschen spiegelt. Der Grundgedanke der Doppelkugel muß festgehalten werden bei allem, was in innigem, organischem Zusammenhang steht mit unserem Bau, denn was nicht in irgendeiner, wenn auch noch so versteckten Form die Doppelkuppelform trüge, würde nicht das Wesentliche unseres Baugedankens zum Ausdruck bringen. Daher muß auch bei diesem Nebenbau der Doppelkuppelgedanke vorhanden sein.
Aber nun nehmen Sie die Doppelkuppel mit ihren Zubauten. Wir haben zunächst dasjenige, auf dessen Bedeutung schon öfter hingewiesen worden ist: die Durchdringung der beiden Kuppelmotive, die gewissermaßen ein Neues in der Baukunst darstellen und, wie Sie wissen, durch die Ingenieur-Mithilfe von Herrn Englert zustandegekommen ist. Dieses Durchdringen der beiden Kuppeln, das ist beim Hauptbau von besonderer Bedeutung aus dem Grunde, weil es ausdrückt das innig Zusammengehörige desjenigen, was sich gegenseitig zu spiegeln hat. Ich drücke diesen Spiegelungsgedanken zunächst abstrakt aus. In diesem Durchdringen der beiden Kuppelmotive liegt ein unendlich Mannigfaltiges, liegt unendlich viel. Nur dadurch, daß wir dieses Durchdringen der Doppelkuppelmotive zustande gebracht haben, wird für das weitergehende künstlerische Stadium unseres Baues das zustande kommen, was sich als Abglanz unserer geisteswissenschaftlichen Gedanken in dem Bau zum Ausdruck bringt. Also diese Durchdringung ist eben beim Hauptbau vorhanden. Und wenn wir, ich möchte sagen, die Durchdringung wieder aufheben, die Kuppelmotive auseinandernehmen, dann nähern wir uns mehr einem ahrimanischen Prinzip. Würden wir sie noch mehr nähern oder ganz ineinander drängen, würden wir sie so bauen, daß wir die eine in die andere hineinstellen, so würden wir uns in dem Bau dem luziferischen Prinzipe nähern.
Nun handelt es sich darum, daß das ahrimanische Prinzip herausgesondert wird aus diesem Bau. Es handelt sich also bei dem Nebenbau darum, die Kuppeln hier auseinanderzudrängen; denn auch hier bei diesem Nebenbau ist der Kuppelgedanke dennoch das, worauf es ankommt. Und nun denken Sie sich die Kuppeln auseinandergehalten, denken Sie sich auf der einen Seite dieses Seitenmotiv (Südportal am Hauptbau) ganz verkümmert, so daß die punktierte Linie fortfällt, und auf der andern Seite wesentlich vergrößert (zum Schornstein). Denken Sie sich den Hauptbau so, daß Sie hier (im Süden) die auseinandergeschobenen Kuppeln haben, hier einen Vorbau, hier die ganze Sache hereingeschoben (siehe Zeichnung a), hier dagegen die ganze Sache statt hereingeschoben herausgeholt (b), hier (a) also vollständig verkümmert, statt weiter ausgebildet. Auf der andern Seite denken Sie sich ihn (den Vorbau am Nordpotrtal) besonders ausgebildet, dann haben Sie das Umwandlungsmotiv für unseren Hauptbau in einem ihm zugeordneten Nebenbau in den Grundformen. Denn wenn Sie sich denken würden das Immer-kleiner-und-kleiner-Werden von diesem hier (dem Schornstein) und das Wiederherausgehen von diesem, und das Ganze zusammengeschoben, dann bekämen Sie dutch Metamorphose aus dem Nebenbau den Hauptbau.
Dieses wurde am Modell des Kesselhauses erörtert.

Es handelt sich also darum, daß wir hier eine Anpassung haben an dasjenige, was darin vorgehen soll, die durch Metamorphose aus unserem Hauptbau entstanden ist. Wie ein Rückenwirbelknochen aus derselben Grundform hervorgegangen sein kann wie der Knochen des menschlichen Schädels, so daß man den einen aus dem andern hervorgehend denken kann, so ist es auch mit dem Hauptbau und dem Nebenbau, die man durch Umwandlung auseinander hervorgehend sich denken kann. Der Formgedanke, wenn er sich umwandelt, wenn er lebendig wird, ist so, daß er aus der einen Form in die andere Form übergehen kann.
Wir müssen wirklich Lehrlinge der schöpferischen Hierarchien werden, die geschaffen haben durch Metamorphose, und wir müssen lernen, in derselben Weise nachzubilden das schöpferische Prinzip der Hierarchien.

Nun aber denken Sie sich, daß eine Kraft vorhanden sein muß, welche dasjenige, was hier an der Seite (Nordportal am Hauptbau) erscheint als ein wenig bedeutendes Seitenstück, vergrößert (Schornstein). Wenn Sie einen kleinen elastischen Sack haben und Sie wollen, daß der größer wird, so müssen Sie ihn eben drücken von innen nach den verschiedenen Seiten, damit er größer sein kann; es muß eine Kraft da sein, die das Kleine groß macht, die es ausbildet. Wenn also hier wirklich ein solcher Seitenflügel aufgeplustert werden sollte, so mußte er durch die Kraft, die ihn von innen durchdringt, hier (siehe Zeichnung links) aufgeplustert werden.
Was können das aber für Kräfte sein, die dadrinnen sind? Diese Kräfte, die können Sie studieren in den Formen der Architrave. Denken Sie sich die Kräfte, die in den Architraven sitzen, hineinspringend in den Seitenbau und das hier aufdrängend, so bekommen Sie diese Form heraus (des Schornsteins und der Hinterwand). Man muß also versuchen, einmal mit seinen formkünstlerischen Gedanken hineinzuschlüpfen in diese Formen der Architrave, sie zusammenfassen, sie ausweiten, und muß sich denken, daß man dadurch, daß man da hineinschlüpft, ausweitet das, was dadrinnen klein ist. Dann entsteht diese Form (Schornstein und Hinterwand). Man kann sich nicht anders in einheitlichem Schaffen ergehen als dadurch, daß man versucht, in der Sache darinnenzustecken.
Auch in diesem Hineinkriechen in die Sachen und in dem Darinnenstecken liegt wieder ein Nachbilden der schöpferischen Kräfte der Natur selber, und nur damit ist die Gottverlassenheit der modernen industriellen Kultur ganz allein zu überwinden. Einen Schornstein, wie er sonst vorhanden ist, den können Sie sich unmöglich als ein Produkt des natürlichen Schaffens denken. Er entsteht, indem verleugnet werden die göttlich-geistigen Kräfte der Natur. Es gibt kaum etwas, was man vergleichen könnte in der Natur draußen mit einem solchen Schornstein, als höchstens das so ziemlich scheußlichste Pflanzengewächs, den Spargel. Aber das ist gewissermaßen eine Ausnahme. Dasjenige, was wirklich im Sinne der in der Erde vorhandenen Kräfte wächst, kann sich niemals schornsteinmäßig nach oben erstrecken, sondern wenn Sie die nach oben wirkenden Kräfte studieren wollen, können Sie am besten das, was den verborgenen Kräften in der Erde entspricht, am Baum studieren, der auch nicht nur senkrecht den Stamm in die Höhe treibt, sondern sich in den Ästen nach außen erstrecken muß. Es kann sich natürlich nicht darum handeln, das unmittelbar am Modell nachzuahmen, sondern man muß sich vertiefen in diejenigen Kräfte, die von der Erde ausstrahlen und die bloß vertikale Richtung des Baumstammes überwinden, die in die Breite streben und in die Äste treiben. Da haben Sie auch gerechtfertigt das in dem Raum, in dem Kosmos draußen Auseinanderstreben, ich möchte sagen, astförmige Auseinanderstreben (beim Schornstein).
So könnte ich Ihnen - ich habe nur die gröbsten Prinzipien anzeigen können - bis ins kleinste Detail hinein, in jeder einzelnen Fläche, an dieser architektonischen Form die Prinzipien rechtfertigen, das würde aber zu lange dauern.
Nun handelt es sich darum, daß eine solche Form dann vollständig ist, wenn sie ihren Sinn erfüllt. Wenn Sie jetzt diese Form anschauen, so ist sie noch nicht vollständig. Sie wird erst vollständig sein, wenn einmal darinnen wirklich geheizt werden und da auch der Rauch herausgehen wird; der gehört dazu, der gehört richtig dazu, der ist in der architektonischen Form mit darinnen gedacht. Wenn man hellseherisch ins Auge fassen wird einmal das Aufsteigen des Rauches hier und das Hinausgehen des Rauches durch den Schornstein, so wird man — da man wissen wird, wenn man es wirklich hellseherisch wird ins Auge fassen können, daß in dem Physischen auch ein Geistiges enthalten ist — das Geistige des aufsteigenden Rauches mit in Betracht ziehen. Denn so wie Sie einen physischen, einen ätherischen und einen astralischen Leib haben, so hat auch der Rauch einen ätherischen Teil wenigstens. Dieser ätherische Teil aber nimmt andere Wege als der physische Teil: der physische Teil wird nach aufwärts geben, der Ätherteil aber wird wirklich ergriffen von diesen Zweigen, die nach außen gehen. Man wird einstmals sehen das Aufsteigen des physischen Teiles des Rauches und das Hinwegweichen der Ätherteile des Rauches. Dadurch aber wird allmählich, wenn das in der Form zum Ausdruck kommt, einem Prinzip aller Kunst entsprochen, nämlich dem: das Innere im Äußeren darzustellen, das Innere wirklich zum Prinzip des Äußeren zu machen.
Wie gesagt, ich müßte sehr viel zu Ihnen sprechen, wenn ich nun auf die vielleicht sogar viel interessanteren Einzelheiten eingehen wollte, die dieser architektonischen Form zugrunde liegen. Und zum Interessanten gehört es, daß es eben möglich war, das, was so zum Ausdruck kommen sollte, wirklich in diesem modernen Materiale, als Betonbau auszuführen. Denn das wird die Möglichkeit bieten, in der Gestaltung dieses modernen Materials immer weiter- und weiterzugehen und gerade Bauten, welche der modernen ahrimanischen Kultur dienen, in diesem Stile allmählich zu gestalten. Es ist das aber gerade notwendig. Und mehr habe ich nicht nötig, auf Einzelheiten einzugehen, weil es mir mehr darauf ankommt, das Prinzip dieses Baues und dessen, was damit zusammenhängt, Ihnen zu zeigen. Dieses Prinzip kann in vieler Hinsicht abgeändert werden. Es kann zum Beispiel die Kuppel umgeändert werden, so daß sie gar nicht mehr einer Kuppel ähnlich sieht, wenn man sie bloß geometrisch-mathematisch betrachtet, wenn man sie nicht organisch betrachtet und so weiter. Ich wollte aber heute dieses Prinzip besprechen: das Prinzip des innerlichen Umschaffens und Umwandelns, das Prinzip des Lebens in der Umwandlung und im Schaffen. Das wollte ich anführen, um Ihnen zu zeigen, inwiefern das wahre künstlerische Schaffen, insoweit es mit unserem geisteswissenschaftlichen Gedanken zusammenhängt, hinwegführen muß von allem symbolischen Deuten, denn das symbolische Deuten ist etwas Äußerliches. Es handelt sich aber darum, das, was hier geboten wird, innerlich zu ergreifen und mit der ganzen Seele mitzugehen.
Nicht möchte man, wenn unser Bau einmal fertig sein wird, die Frage immer wieder hören: Was bedeutet dieses, was bedeutet jenes? — um dann vernehmen zu müssen, wie man gewissermaßen sich froh fühlt, wenn man bei diesen Dingen die Bedeutung von diesem oder jenem gefunden zu haben glaubt. In bezug auf solche Deutungen sind wir auf manchen Seitenwegen der Theosophie gerade bei allerlei dichterischen und literarischen Produkten ins Kuriose gekommen. So zum Beispiel sind Dramen gedeutet worden in der Weise, daß man bei einer Person sagte, die bedeutet Manas, bei einer andern Person, die bedeutet Buddhi, bei einer dritten, die bedeutet Atma und so weiter. So kann man allerdings, wenn man will, alles deuten. Aber um solche Deutungen handelt es sich nicht, sondern um ein In-denSachen-Leben, um ein Mitgehen mit dem Schöpferischen, das als Ausfluß der höheren Hierarchien unsere ganze Welt durchdringt und gestaltet. Weil dieses letztere schwieriger ist als das symbolische oder allegorische Deuten, deshalb braucht man es gerade doch nicht als das Schwierigere zu vermeiden, denn es führt in die geistige Welt hinein und ist der allerstärkste Antrieb, um wirklich zur Imagination, zur Inspiration und zur Intuition zu kommen.
Das ist es, was zu den Umwandlungsimpulsen der Gegenwart gehört, daß notwendig wird ein immer weiter- und weitergehendes Verständnis für das Aufrücken der Menschenseele in diejenigen Regionen, die sich erschließen der imaginativen, inspirierten und intuitiven Betrachtung. Denn in den Sphären, die sich dieser Betrachtung erschließen, liegt dasjenige, was unsere Welt erst zu einem Ganzen macht, was uns hinaushebt über die bloße Maja und uns in die wahrhafte Realität hineinführt.
Es muß immer wieder und wieder betont werden, daß dasjenige, dem wir entgegengehen als einer neuen Geisteserkenntnis, nicht bestehen kann in einem Aufwärmen der Ergebnisse früheren Hellsehens. Gewiß, es trachten viele Menschen nach einem Aufwärmen des früheren Hellsehens, aber die Zeit des früheren Hellsehens ist vorbei, und es sind nur atavistische Nachklänge des alten Hellschens, die bei einzelnen Menschen auftreten können. Aber die Stufen des menschlichen Daseins, die wir erklimmen müssen, eröffnen sich nicht bei einem Aufwärmen des alten Hellsehens. Wir wollen versuchen, dasjenige, was diesem neuen Hellsehen zugrunde liegen muß, nochmals zu betrachten. Wir haben oftmals auf das Prinzipielle der Sache hingewiesen, wir wollen aber versuchen, heute noch von einer andern Seite auf die Sache hinzuweisen.
Gehen wir nochmals von dem aus, was wir alle kennen, von dem, daß der Mensch während des Tagwachens mit seinem Ich und seinem astralischen Leibe lebt in seinem ätherischen und in seinem physischen Leibe. Aber ich habe schon in den letzten Tagen betont, daß dieses Wachen des Menschen, vom Aufwachen bis zum Einschlafen, doch kein vollständiges Wachen ist, daß vielmehr immer noch etwas schläft im Menschen. Und das, was wir als Wille empfinden, das ist wirklich nur teilweise wach. Unsere Gedanken sind wach vom Aufwachen bis zum Einschlafen, aber das Wollen ist etwas, was wir ganz traumhaft vollbringen. Deshalb ist so vieles Nachdenken über die Freiheit des Willens und über die Freiheit überhaupt vergeblich gewesen, weil die Menschen nicht beachtet haben, daß dasjenige, was sie wissen über den Willen beim wachen Tagesleben, eigentlich nur ein Träumen von den Willensimpulsen ist. Wenn Sie wollen und etwas darüber sich vorstellen, dann wachen Sie allerdings. Aber wie das Wollen zustande kommt und in die Handlung übergeht, darüber träumt der Mensch nur im wachen Tagesleben.
Wenn Sie ein Stückchen Kreide aufheben und das Aufheben der Kreide sich vorstellen, so können Sie das allerdings sich vorstellen. Wie aber das Ich und der astralische Leib in die Hand fließen, wie der Wille sich da ausbreitet, von dem wissen Sie beim bloßen Tagesbewußtsein ohne Hellsehen nicht mehr, als Sie von einem Traum wissen, wenn Sie träumen. Von dem eigentlichen Willen kann man bei gewöhnlichem wachem Tagesleben nur träumen, und bei den meisten Dingen träumen wir nicht einmal, sondern schlafen wir bloß. Denn wie Sie einen Bissen auf die Gabel nehmen, das können Sie sich deutlich vorstellen, wie Sie den Bissen zerbeißen, können Sie sich auch noch bis zu einem gewissen Grade vorstellen, daß Sie den Bissen aber schlucken, das träumen Sie nicht einmal. Darüber sind Sie meistens ganz unbewußt, wie Sie sich unbewußt sind Ihrer Gedanken, wenn Sie schlafen. So ist ein großer Teil gerade der Willenstätigkeit beim Wachen im Wachschlafen vollbracht.
Würden wir nicht schlafen gerade in bezug auf unser Begehrungsvermögen und auf die mit unserem Begehrungsvermögen verbundenen Gefühlsimpulse, dann würden wir zunächst eine sonderbare Tätigkeit entwickeln. Wir würden die Handlungen, die wir ausführen, bis in unseren Körper hinein verfolgen, wir würden mit alledem, was wir als Willensimpulse ausführen, folgen dem Inneren, unserem Blute, in alle Blutbahnen hinein. Das heißt, wenn Sie das Aufheben eines Kreidestückchens in bezug auf den Willensimpuls verfolgen könnten, so würden Sie in alle Blutbahnen hinein verfolgen dasjenige, was in Ihrer Hand vorgeht; Sie würden von innen heraus ansehen die Tätigkeit des Blutes und die Gefühle, die damit verbunden sind; zum Beispiel die Schwere des Kreidestückes und dergleichen würden Sie innerlich ansehen und dadurch gewahr werden, daß Sie Ihre Nervenbahnen und das darinnen befindliche ätherische Fluidum verfolgen. Sie würden sich innerlich erleben längs der Tätigkeit des Blutes und der Nerven. Das würde sein ein innerliches Genießen der eigenen Blut- und Nerventätigkeit. Diesem innerlichen Genießen der eigenen Blut- und Nerventätigkeit müssen wir aber für unser irdisches Leben enthoben sein, sonst würden wir durch unser irdisches Leben so hindurchgehen, daß wir bei allem, was wir tun, unseren innerlichen Selbstgenuß haben wollen. Unser Genuß an uns selbst würde sich dadurch unendlich erhöhen. Aber diesen Genuß durfte der Mensch nichthaben, so wieernuneinmalgewordenist. Und das Geheimnis, warum er diesen Genuß nicht haben durfte, liegt wieder in einer Stelle der Bibel ausgesprochen, gegenüber der wir immer größere Ehrfurcht empfinden sollten.
Nach dem, was sich ereignet hat und was ausgedrückt ist in der Paradiesesmythe, wurde dem Menschen gelassen das Essen vom Baume der Erkenntnis, nicht aber vom Baume des Lebens. Und das innerliche Genießen würde sein das Genießen vom Baume des Lebens. Das sollte nicht für den Menschen eintreten. Ich kann dieses Motiv heute nicht weiter ausführen, denn das würde zu weit führen, aber Sie werden durch eigenes Meditieren über das, was hier angeschlagen worden ist als Motiv, noch weiteres herausfinden können. Nun können Sie aber etwas anderes, was uns in diesen Tagen besonders wichtig sein kann, von da ausgehend ins Auge fassen: Das können wir nicht, vom Baume des Lebens essen, das heißt, unsere Bluttätigkeit im Inneren genießen und unsere Nerventätigkeit im Inneren genießen, das können wir nicht. Nun aber kommt, gerade wenn wir durch unsere Sinne und unseren Verstand die Außenwelt erkennen, etwas zustande, was wohl mit einem solchen innerlichen Genießen zusammenhängt. Bei der Wahrnehmung irgendeines Dinges der Außenwelt und bei dem Nachdenken über irgendein Ding der Außenwelt verfolgen wir gegen die Sinne zu - also gegen die Augen, die Ohren, die Nase, die Geschmacksnerven zu - die Blutbahnen, und wenn wir denken, verfolgen wir die Nervenbahnen. Aber wir nehmen nicht dasjenige wahr, was wir dadrinnen in den Nervenbahnen und dem Blute wahrnehmen würden, sondern das, was wir im Blute wahrnehmen würden, wird durch die Sinne reflektiert, wird zurückgeworfen, gespiegelt, und dadurch entstehen die Sinnesempfindungen. Und das, was durch die Nervenbahnen geleitet wird, wird ebenfalls reflektiert und zurückgeleitet da, wo die Nervenbahnen ihr Ende erreichen, und wird dann gespiegelt als unsere Gedanken.
Nehmen Sie einmal an, daß ein Mensch aufträte, welcher in die Lage käme, nicht nur unter dem Einflusse der Außenwelt sein Blut zu verfolgen und dann das, was sein Blut tut, gespiegelt zu erhalten, und nicht bloß seine Nerven zu verfolgen und das, was die Nerven tun, gespiegelt zu erhalten, sondern das, was uns versagt ist in bezug auf Blut und Sinnesnerven, innerlich zu erleben, das Blut, wie es gegen den Nerv und die Augen hintendiert, innerlich zu erleben, so würde er das — wenigstens in bezug auf die Teile des Blutes und der Nerven - innerlich genießen. Dadurch entstehen jene Gebilde, die dem atavistischen inneren Hellsehen angehören. Denn dasjenige, was sich für uns spiegelt, sind eben nur Bilder, gleichsam filtrierte Bilder desjenigen, was im Blut und in den Nerven ist. Im Blut und in den Nerven sind Weltengeheimnisse, aber solche Weltengeheimnisse, die sich dadurch schon erschöpft haben, daß wir aus ihnen geworden sind. Wir lernen nur uns selber kennen, wenn wir die Imaginationen kennenlernen, die sich uns ergeben, wenn wir uns in unserem zu den Sinnen gehenden Blutlauf erleben, und wir lernen nur diejenigen Inspirationen kennen, die dazu bestimmt sind, uns aufzubauen, wenn wir uns in die zu den Sinnen hingehenden Nerven hineinleben.
Aber es kann sich eine ganze Innenwelt also aufbauen. Diese Innenwelt kann sein eine Summe von Imaginationen. Während wir aber beim Wahrnehmen der äußeren, physischen Welt in regulärer Weise für unsere Erdenentwickelung Reflexionen und Spiegelbilder unserer Blut- und Nervenereignisse wahrnehmen, können wir — uns in uns selber genießend vertiefend — nicht über die Sinne hinausgehen, sondern nur bis zu dem Punkte gehen, wo der Blutlauf in den Sinn einmündet. Dann erlebt man die imaginative Welt so, daß man gleichsam schwimmt im Blute wie der Fisch im Wasser. Aber diese imaginative Welt ist in Wahrheit keine Außenwelt, sondern eine Welt, die in unserem Blute lebt. Wenn man in den Nerven lebt, die bis zu den Sinnen hingehen, dann erlebt man eine inspirierte Welt, eine Welt von Sphärenklängen und eine Welt innerer Bilder. Das ist wieder kosmisch, aber es ist nichts Neues. Es ist nur etwas, was seine Aufgabe erschöpft hat, indem es in unser Nerven- und Blutsystem hineingeronnen ist.
Dieses Hellsehen, das also entsteht und das den Menschen nicht über sich hinausführt, sondern ihn gerade tiefer in sich hineinführt, ist ein Selbstgenuß, ein wirklicher, echter Selbstgenuß. Dieses ist der Grund, warum es in gewissem Sinne eine höhere Wollust erzeugt in den Menschen, wenn sie also hellseherisch werden, wenn sie eine für sie neue Welt erleben. Und im ganzen muß man sagen, daß dieses also Hellsehend-Werden das Zurückgehen auf eine frühere Evolutionsstufe ist. Denn das, was ich Ihnen geschildert habe, das Leben in den eigenen Sinnesorganen und im Blute, war damals nicht in der Form vorhanden, wie es jetzt vorhanden ist, aber das Nervensystem war schon vorgebildet. Diese Art des Wahrnehmens war das reguläre Wahrnehmen des Menschen auf dem alten Monde, und in dem, was dazumal vorhanden war als Ansätze zu den Nerven, in dem nahm er sich innerlich wahr. Das Blut war noch nicht innerlich gebildet. Das war etwas, was noch mehr als warmer Hauch von außen an den Menschen herankam, wie an uns die Sonnenstrahlen herankommen. Daher war das, was jetzt hier auf der Erde ein Wahrnehmen des inneren Blutsystems ist, auf dem Monde ein reguläres Wahrnehmen der Außenwelt.
Man kann so sagen: Wenn hier (es wurde gezeichnet) die Grenze ist zwischen menschlicher Innen- und Außenwelt, so war dasjenige, was jetzt Nerv ist, auf dem Monde schon vorgebildet. Indem der Mensch den Nerv verfolgte, konnte er wahrnehmen, was sich ihmals innere imaginative Welt enthüllte, was in ihm enthalten war. Er nahm wahr, wie er selber enthalten ist im Kosmos. Dann nahm er aber auch imaginativ wahr das, was wie ein Hauch von außen an ihn herankam, nicht von innen. Das ist jetzt weggefallen; was außen war auf dem alten Monde, ist innerlich zum Blutkreislaufe geworden in der Erdenentwickelung. Daher ist das ein Zurückgehen in die alte Mondenentwickelung.
Es ist gut, wenn man von solchen Dingen weiß, weil immer wieder und wieder auftaucht dasjenige, was auf diese Weise hellseherisch entsteht. Was auf diese Weise hellseherisch entsteht, braucht sich nicht zu entwickeln auf jenem schwierigen Meditations- und Konzentrationswege, von dem die Rede ist in «Wie erlangt man Erkenntnisse der höheren Welten?». Dieses Hellsehen, welches dadurch entsteht, daß man lernt, in seinen Nerven und in seinem Blute innerlich zu leben, lernt, sich in sich selbst zu genießen, das ist nur eine feinere Ausbildung des organischen Lebens überhaupt, eine feinere Ausbildung dessen, was der Mensch erlebt, wenn er ißt und trinkt. Daher ist ein solches Hellsehen im Grunde genommen wirklich nicht das, was die Menschheit heute als Aufgabe hat, sondern es ist, man möchte sagen, das was als Treibhauspflanze entsteht dadurch, daß wir zu einem raffinierteren Dasein jenen Selbstgenuß bringen, den uns Essen und Trinken oder ähnliches macht. Wie bei einem Feinschmecker des Weines, wenn er Rheinwein oder Mosel trinkt, eine innere Nachwirkung entsteht, die sich allerdings nur zu einer Imagination des Geschmackes erhebt, aber nicht gestaltend wird, so entsteht bei manchen Leuten ein raffiniertes inneres Genießen, und das ist ihr Hellsehen.
Vieles Hellsehen ist nichts weiter als ein raffiniertes, verfeinertes, treibhausartiges Nachgenießen des Lebens. In unserer Zeit muß man auf diese Dinge wieder aufmerksam machen. Denn, ich möchte sagen, die letzte Zeit, in welcher man die Geheimnisse dieser Dinge noch kannte, in welcher man noch in der Literatur sprach von diesen Dingen, war eigentlich die erste Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Dann kam die zweite Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts mit den als so großartig angesehenen Entdeckungen, mit den mit Recht von ihrem Gesichtspunkte aus für großartig angesehenen Entdeckungen, und das Verständnis für diese Dinge und für die feineren Zusammenhänge alles Seins gingen verloren. Noch nicht hat man ja verloren - das sei in Parenthese gesagt — das Genießen unter dem Einfluß der gröberen, sagen wir Zu-sich-Nehmungen. Das ist den Menschen noch geblieben, daß sie unter dem Nachgenuß des Essens und Trinkens leben können, das haben sie gerade in dem materialistischen Zeitalter bis zu einem gewissen Grade ausgebildet.
Aber in solchen Dingen lebt auch die Menschheit in einer zyklischen, in einer rhythmischen Bewegung. Und das materialistische Zeitalter kann allerdings, weil es getilgt hat dasjenige, was als allgemeines Gefühl früher vorhanden war - das Hineingehen des Selbstgenusses in die Sinne, in die Nerven- und Blutzirkulation, was allerdings früher mehr vorhanden war -, sich deshalb stärker hingeben den Eindrücken des Essens und Trinkens. Man kann sehr leicht studieren den ganzen Umschwung und Aufschwung, welcher in dieser Beziehung in verhältnismäßig kurzer Zeit stattgefunden hat. Es braucht sich jemand nur eine Hotelspeisekarte aus den siebziger Jahren zur Hand zu nehmen, um sie zu vergleichen mit einer heutigen. Man würde sehen, wie das Leben in den verfeinerten Genüssen, in den Selbstgenüssen des eigenen Leibes, Fortschritte erfahren hat. Aber solche Dinge gehen auch zyklisch vor sich, alles kann nur bis zu einem gewissen Grade erreicht werden, und so wie ein Pendel nur ausschlagen kann bis zu einem gewissen Punkte und dann wieder zurück muß, so muß auch der bloß physische Genuß, von einem bestimmten Punkte ab, wo er angelangt sein wird einmal, wieder zurück. Das wird dann eintreten, wenn die schärfsten Genüßlinge, also die, welche die meiste Sehnsucht haben nach Genüssen, selbst vor den am leckersten zubereiteten Dingen so stehen werden, daß sie sie nicht verlangen, sondern so, daß sie sagen: Äh! das mag ich nicht, das ist mir alles schon über! — Dieser Zeitpunkt wird auch eintreten, denn das ist notwendige Entwickelung. Alles verläuft zyklisch.
Die andere Seite des Lebens erlebt der Mensch während seiner Schlafenszeit. Da schläft sein Vorstellungsleben und da treten naturgemäß ganz andere Verhältnisse ein. Nun sagte ich, die erste Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts war es im wesentlichen, welche noch eine Einsicht gehabt hat in diese Dinge, und dasjenige Hellsehen, das entsteht durch das Verfolgen der eigenen Blut- und Nervenbahnen, das nannte man noch in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts, indem man sich erinnerte an gewisse Anklänge, das pythische Hellsehen, weil es in der Tat verwandt ist mit dem, was dem pythischen Hellsehen des Altertums zugrunde lag.
Die anderen Verhältnisse sind während des Schlaflebens vorhanden. Da ist der Mensch mit seinem Ich und seinem astralischen Leibe aus dem physischen und ätherischen Leibe heraus. Im gewöhnlichen Leben sind da die Vorstellungen herabgedrängt, herabgelähmt. Aber der Mensch lebt vom Einschlafen bis zum Aufwachen fortwährend in der Begierde nach seinem physischen Leibe. Darinnen besteht gerade das Schlafen, daß der Mensch von dem Momente an, wo er anfängt zu schlafen, Begierde entwickelt nach seinem physischen Leibe. Die steigt bis zu einem Höhepunkte und dann drängt es ihn immer mehr und mehr nach dem physischen Leibe zurück. Die Begierde nach dem eigenen physischen Leibe wird immer größer und größer im Schlafzustande. Und weil die Begierde wie ein Nebel das Ich und den Astralleib durchzieht, wird abgedämpft, abgedämmert das Vorstellungsleben. Gerade dadurch werden die Vorstellungen abgedämmert, daß das Begierdeleben nach dem physischen Leibe das Ich und den astralischen Leib wie ein Nebel durchdringt. Wie wir, wenn ein Nebel sich ausbreitet, die Bäume des Waldes nicht sehen, so können wir auch unser Wahrnehmungsleben nicht innerlich erleben, wenn sich der Nebel unserer Begierde darüber ausbreitet.
Nun kann aber der Fall eintreten, daß dieses Begierdeleben während des Schlafes so stark wird, daß der Mensch nicht nur außerhalb seines physischen und ätherischen Leibes diese Begierde entwickelt, sondern daß er bis zu einem gewissen Grade so gierig wird, daß er dieses Innere seines physischen und ätherischen Leibes zum Teil ergreift, so daß er mit seiner Begierde an die äußersten Enden seiner Blut- und Nervenbahnen herankommt, daß er gewissermaßen von außen sich durch die Sinne hindurch einsenkt in die letzten Enden des Blutkreislaufes und in die letzten Enden der Nervenbahnen.
In den alten Zeiten, als gewissermaßen die Götter den Menschen noch halfen bei solchen Erlebnissen, war das etwas durchaus Reguläres, etwas Gutes. Die Menschen, die so Großes geleistet haben für ihr Volk, die alten hebräischen Propheten, haben geleistet, was sie geleistet haben, hatten ihre prophetische Gabe dadurch, daß sie jene ungeheure Liebe gerade zu dem Blut und zu dem Nervenaufbau ihres Volkes verwendeten, so daß sie selbst im Schlafzustande nicht ganz weg sein wollten von dem, was physisch in diesem Volke lebte. Sie waren von solcher Sehnsucht ergriffen, von solcher Liebe erfüllt, diese Propheten des jüdischen Altertums, daß sie verbunden sein wollten auch im Schlafe mit dem Blute ihres Volkes, dem sie angehörten. Daraus kamen ihnen gerade ihre prophetischen Gaben.
Das ist der physiologische Ursprung dieser prophetischen Gaben, und schöne, herrliche Produkte gingen hervor aus dem eben Dargestellten. Die Propheten der einzelnen Völker sind gerade dadurch für ihre einzelnen Völker so bedeutend, daß sie selbst noch außerhalb des physischen Leibes mit diesem physischen Leibe in der eben geschilderten Weise lebten.
Wie gesagt, bis in die erste Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts war noch ein gewisses Bewußtsein von diesem Zusammenhang im Menschheitsleben vorhanden. Wie man das vorher genannte und charakterisierte Hellsehen das pythische Hellsehen nannte, so nannte man das Hellsehen, von dem ich jetzt gesprochen habe, bei dem man mit dem, was sonst während des Schlafes außerhalb des physischen und Ätherleibes lebte, noch hineintauchte in das Blut und die Nervenbahnen des physischen Leibes, das prophetische Hellsehen.
Wenn man die Literatur der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts verfolgt, wenn es auch nicht mit der Genauigkeit und Präzision der neuen Geisteswissenschaft so beschrieben werden konnte wie heute, so werden Sie doch das pythische und das prophetische Hellsehen beschrieben finden. Man kennt heute diesen Unterschied nicht mehr, weil man nicht mehr das verstehen kann, was man von dem pythischen und prophetischen Hellsehen in den Büchern der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts liest. Beide Arten des Hellsehens aber sind heute nicht dasjenige, was wirklich die Menschheit vorwärtsbringen kann. Diese beiden Arten des Hellsehens sind diejenigen, welche alten Zeiten gegolten haben. Das heutige Hellsehen, das sich gegen die Zukunft hin immer mehr und mehr entwickeln muß, kann weder dadurch entstehen, daß wir das, was im Tagwachen unseren Leib von innen heraus durchdringt, genießen, noch auch dadurch, daß wir von außen in schlafähnlichem Zustande, aus Liebe — nicht zu uns selber, sondern zu demjenigen Menschenteile, dem unser Leib angehört untertauchen in diesen Leib. Beide sind überwundene Standpunkte.
Das heutige Hellsehen muß sich so entwickeln, daß es als ein drittes auftritt, als ein solches, welches so wird, daß es weder von außen ein in liebender Gier Ergreifen des physischen Leibes ist, noch von innen ein Genießen des physischen Leibes. Das, was im Inneren lebt und innerlich unseren Leib genießend durchdringen kann, und das, was äußerlich, von außen herein den Leib ergreifen kann, muß beides aus dem Leibe herausgehen, das muß beides, wenn das heutige Hellsehen eintreten soll, nur so weit noch innerhalb der Inkarnation zwischen Geburt und Tod mit dem Leibe in Zusammenhang stehen, daß es Blut und Nerven weder von innen noch von außen genießt oder liebt, sondern es muß in reiner Abkehr von solchem Selbstgenuß oder solcher Selbstliebe verbunden bleiben mit dem Leibe. Die Verbindung mit dem Leibe muß allerdings trotzdem bleiben, denn sonst würde es ein Sterben bedeuten. Es muß der Mensch verbunden bleiben mit dem Leibe, der ihm angehört in der physischen Inkarnation auf der Erde, verbunden bleiben mit diesem Leibe durch die Glieder, welche gewissermaßen fernstehen oder wenigstens relativ fernstehen der Blut- und Nerventätigkeit. Die Loslösung von Blutund Nerventätigkeit muß sich vollziehen.
Wenn der Mensch nicht mehr innerlich sich genießt auf den Bahnen, die zu seinen Sinnen hinführen, oder von außen sich durchdringt bis in seine Sinne herein, sondern wenn der Mensch gleichsam so mit sich selbst in Verbindung zu stehen vermag, von innen und von außen, daß er wirklich das lebendig in sich ergreifen kann, was das Symbolum des Todes für das physische Leben ist, wenn er sich verbinden kann mit dem, was die Anwartschaft auf den physischen Tod gibt, dann ist der in Betracht kommende Zustand erreicht. Denn wir sterben eigentlich physiologisch dadurch, daß wir imstande sind, das Knochensystem in uns zu entwickeln. Wenn wir imstande sind, das, was aus wunderbarer Ahnung heraus das Volk empfindet als Symbolum des Todes, das Knochengerüst, das, was so fern ist dem Blutund Nervensystem wie das Knochensystem, zu ergreifen, dann kommen wir zu dem, was ein Höheres ist gegenüber dem pythischen und prophetischen Hellsehen, dann kommen wir zu dem, was wir nennen können das geisteswissenschaftliche Hellsehen.
In diesem geisteswissenschaftlichen Hellsehen erfassen wir nicht mehr einen Teil der menschlichen Natur, sondern wir erfassen den ganzen Menschen. Und es ist im Grunde genommen einerlei, ob wir ihn von innen oder von außen erfassen, denn ein Genießen kann diese Art des Hellsehens nicht mehr sein. Es ist nicht mehr ein raffinierter Genuß, sondern ein Aufgehen in den göttlich-geistigen Kräften des Alls. Es ist ein mit der Welt Einswerden, ein Erleben nicht mehr des Menschen und desjenigen, was in den Menschen hineingeheimnißt ist, sondern es ist ein Miterleben mit den Taten der Wesenheiten der höheren Hierarchien, ein wirkliches Sich-Herausheben aus dem Selbstgenuß und der Selbstliebe. Und so wie unsere Gedanken Glieder unserer Seele werden, so muß der Mensch gleichsam ein Gedanke, ein Glied werden gegenüber den höheren Hierarchien. Sich denken, sich vorstellen, sich wahrnehmen lassen von den höheren Hierarchien, das ist das Prinzip des geisteswissenschaftlichen Hellsehens. Hingenommen werden, nicht sich hinnehmen.
Das, was ich also sage, von dem möchte ich wünschen, daß es recht sehr Gegenstand Ihrer weiteren Meditationen werde, denn gerade das, was ich heute auseinandergesetzt habe, das kann vieles, vieles in Ihnen allen anregen, und das kann zu einem immer weiter- und weitergehenderen Durchdringen der eigentlichen Impulse unserer geisteswissenschaftlichen Strömung dienen. Und wie viel Ernst sein muß in diesem Durchdringen unserer geisteswissenschaftlichen Strömung, davon ist ja gerade in diesen Tagen öfter die Rede gewesen. Dasjenige, was innerhalb dieser geisteswissenschaftlichen Strömung, ich sage nicht gewollt wurde, sondern gewollt werden müßte, von dem würde wiederum etwas verwirklicht werden können, wenn möglichst viele sich entschließen würden, über diese dreifache Gestalt des Wissens von höheren Welten lebensmäßig nachzudenken, damit klarere und immer klarere Begriffe über das entstehen, was wir ja doch im Grunde genommen alle wollen, und was so leicht verwechselt wird mit dem, was bequemer, viel bequemer zu haben ist.
Wirklich, nicht umsonst wird gearbeitet von Zyklus zu Zyklus, um immer mehr und mehr Ideen und Begriffe zusammenzutragen. Diese Ideen und Begriffe zu studieren ist nicht unnötig, sondern es ist der Weg, um gerade in sich jene Seelenimpulse vorzubereiten, die zum wirklichen geisteswissenschaftlichen Hellsehen führen. Man kann manchmal dadurch, daß man etwas nippt da oder dort an dem, was innerhalb unserer geisteswissenschaftlichen Strömung gegeben wird, dem oder jenem in der menschlichen Natur einen Riß geben, und dann entsteht etwas vom pythischen und prophetischen Hellsehen, und man kann schon stolz und hochmütig in diesem pythischen oder prophetischen Hellsehen werden. Wenn das der Fall ist, dann kommen solche Urteile zustande, die man oftmals hören muß, wo der eine oder andere sagt: Ich brauche nicht alles in den Einzelheiten zu studieren, ich brauche nicht das, was in den Zyklen gesagt wird. Was ich höre von den Dingen, weiß ich schon ganz genau, ich habe das schon gewußt und so weiter. — Das Prinzip, zu leben in ein paar Imaginationen, die man Blut- und Nervenimaginationen nennen könnte, durchdringt noch viele. Viele dünken sich etwas ganz Besonderes zu haben, wenn sie so ein paar Blut- und Nervenimaginationen haben. Aber das ist nicht das, was uns zum selbstlosen Mitarbeiten an der Menschheitsevolution führen kann, sondern ein solches Verweilen in den Blut- und Nervenimaginationen führt eigentlich zu einer Erhöhung des Selbstgenusses, führt zu einem raffinierteren Egoismus. Und dann kann es allerdings vorkommen, daß gerade durch die Pflege der Geisteswissenschaft ein raffinierterer Egoismus herangezüchtet wird, als er je in der äußeren Welt vorhanden ist.
Selbstverständlich redet man niemals von den Anwesenden in diesen Dingen, niemals von der Anthroposophischen Gesellschaft, die ja anwesend ist. Aber erwähnt darf doch werden, daß es Gesellschaften gibt, in denen sich diese oder jene Leute befinden, welche es nach den Prinzipien dieser Gesellschaften dazu bringen, zwar nicht wirklich selbstlos mitzuarbeiten, sondern einiges aufzunehmen, am liebsten so etwas aufzunehmen, was gerade da oder dort anfacht die Blut- oder Nervenimaginationen, und dann glauben, sich selbst ersparen zu können das andere. Dann kommen sie zu einem solchen atavistischen Hellsehen, oder vielleicht kommen sie nicht einmal dazu, sondern nur zu den Gefühlen, die als Begleiterscheinung eines solchen imaginativen Hellsehens zu betrachten sind. Und diese Gefühle sind nicht eine Überwindung des Egoismus, sondern nur eine höhere Blüte des Egoismus. Bei solchen Gesellschaften findet man dann - die Anthroposophische Gesellschaft ist aus Höflichkeit ausgenommen -, obgleich sie die Pflicht hätten, Liebe und Eintracht und Harmonie bis in die tiefsten Seelengründe hinein von Mitglied zu Mitglied zu entfalten, man findet immer mehr wachsen Disharmonie, Zanksucht, gegenseitiges Sich-Beklatschen und so weiter. Ich darf diesen Ausdruck gebrauchen, da ich ja, wie gesagt, die Angehörigen der Anthroposophischen Gesellschaft immer ausnehme.
Wir können dann sehen, daß gerade da, wo starkes Licht aufgehen sollte, auch starke Schatten vorausgeworfen werden. Nicht als ob ich diese Dinge so tadeln wollte, daß ich meinte, diese Dinge könnten gleich ausgerottet werden von heute auf morgen. Das können sie nicht, weil sie auf naturgemäße Weise entstehen. Aber arbeiten kann wenigstens jeder an sich, und es ist nicht gut, wenn das Bewußtsein nicht wenigstens auf jene Dinge hingelenkt wird.
Verstehen kann man es durchaus, daß gerade deshalb, weil eine gewisse Strömung herausgearbeitet werden muß, innerhalb solcher Gesellschaften auch die Schattenseiten sich geltend machen, und daß oftmals das, was draußen im Leben wuchert, in solchen Gesellschaften im stärksten Maße wuchern kann. Aber gewissermaßen ein bitteres Gefühl ruft es doch immer wieder hervor, wenn dies in Gesellschaften auftritt, die naturgemäß - sonst hätte es keinen Sinn, eine Gesellschaft zu haben - eine gewisse Brüderlichkeit, ein gewisses Zusammenhalten entwickeln sollten, daß aber gerade deshalb, weil die Menschen näher zusammenkommen, mit dem Näher-Zusammenkommen gewisse Eigenschaften, die draußen nur flüchtig existieren, um so intensiver sich entwickeln. Da die Anthroposophische Gesellschaft als anwesende ausgenommen ist, so wird es uns um so mehr möglich sein, ganz objektiv, gleichsam als Unbeteiligte, über diese Dinge nachzudenken, nachzusinnen, damit wir sie intensiver kennenlernen, und wenn wir diese Dinge irgendwo in der Welt finden sollten, sie nicht als etwas anderes betrachten denn als das, was sie sind und uns nicht dem Glauben hingeben, wenn jemand ganz besonders tief die Anthroposophie zu verstehen meinte und dabei doch bei ihm gewisse Eigenschaften, die draußen in der Welt auftreten, nicht nur so sich zeigen, wie sie in der Welt draußen sind, sondern viel intensiver, damit wir dann nicht glauben, diese Dinge seien unbegreiflich, sondern wissen, daß sie begreiflich sind, daß sie aber solche Dinge sind, die wir bekämpfen müssen. Wir können sie manchmal erst bekämpfen, wenn wir sie wirklich begriffen haben.
Auch dies ist etwas von dem, was uns zeigt, wie das Leben zusammenhängt mit dem, was geisteswissenschaftliche Weltanschauung ist, wie die geisteswissenschaftliche Weltanschauung wirklich ihr Ziel nur erreichen kann, wenn sie als Lebensauffassung, ja als Lebenskunst aufgefaßt wird, wenn sie hineingetragen wird in alles Leben. Wie schön wäre es, wenn alle einzelnen Lebensbeziehungen, sagen wir jetzt, der Anthroposophischen Gesellschaft sich herausstellen würden als so im Einklang miteinander stehend, wie es versucht wird mit den Formen unseres Baues, wo die einzelnen Formen ineinander übergehen und alle im Einklang miteinander stehen, wenn es im Leben so sein könnte, wie es im Bau ist, und wenn das ganze Leben in unserer Gesellschaft so werden könnte, wie wir es haben wollten durch ein schönes Zusammenwirken derjenigen, die am Bau beteiligt sind, so daß dieses Arbeiten am Bau schon ein Harmonisches, ein Edles ist, ein Abdruck desjenigen ist, was in dem Bau selbst zum Ausdruck kommt.
So sollte der innere Sinn des Lebensprinzipes unseres Baues und der innere Sinn des Zusammenwirkens der Seelen - na, das will ich lieber nicht sagen -, so sollte der innere Sinn des Zusammenwirkens der Formen an unserem Bau den Weg hinaus machen in all die einzelnen Lebensbeziehungen unserer Gesellschaft, sollte gleichsam selber, in seiner inneren Gestaltung, wie ein Ideal vor uns dastehen. Ich möchte Sie nur versichern, daß ich mich nicht versprochen habe, als ich vorhin einen Satz ausließ; ich habe ihn schon ganz bewußt ausgelassen und manchmal ist auch das gesagt, was man nicht sagt.
Zusammenfassend aber dasjenige, was ich, ich möchte sagen, ein Thema in der verschiedensten Weise variierend, in diesen Tagen ausgeführt habe, was ich Ihnen ganz besonders ans Herz legen möchte, ist, nicht nur die Gedanken und Ideen der Geisteswissenschaft, die Ergebnisse der Geistesforschung vor Ihren Verstand, vor Ihre Vernunft hinzustellen, sondern aufzunehmen dasjenige, was in der Geisteswissenschaft lebt, in Ihre Herzen. Denn davon hängt wirklich das Heil des künftigen Menschheitsfortschrittes ab. Das kann ohne Überhebung gesagt werden, und derjenige kann das einsehen, der versucht, ein wenig die Impulse unserer Evolution und die Zeichen unserer Zeit zu studieren. Damit sei abgeschlossen die Serie von Vorträgen, die ich mir erlaubte, um diese Jahreswende vor Ihnen zu halten.
Eighth Lecture
Today, I would like to begin with a brief observation about the boiler house associated with our building and explain the architectural principle behind it in a few words. If you want to understand the motivation behind the architectural forms of this building, you must bear in mind that it is part of the overall structure and therefore belongs to it, so to speak. This distinct idea—that it is something that belongs to the building—must be expressed in the artistic concept of the building if it is to be correct. This cannot be an abstraction, but must be expressed in the artistic form.
Now we must consider the question: What is the situation with these related artistic forms? — We come closest to considering this question when we consider that great artistic creative activity which, unfortunately, is given far too little consideration by people, the great creative-artistic activity that we find preformed when we are able to contemplate nature spiritually, to contemplate natural creation as emanating from the spirit. Because this observation is relatively easy to make, I would like to draw your attention to those forms that are expressed in the skeletal system. All other members of organic beings are even more difficult to study in their forms than, for example, the human skeletal system.
Now you know that for decades it has been my endeavour to promote a little understanding in the world for the significance of Goethe's great anatomical and physiological discoveries, which I would describe as a second great work in this field. I do not want to touch on the first today, I only want to point out the second. This second significant discovery owes its origin to what one might call, in the external materialistic world, the combination of chance and a brilliant human nature. Goethe himself recounts that while walking in the Jewish cemetery in Venice, he once found a sheep or goat skull whose individual bone parts had fallen apart along their seams. And when he picked up this skull and examined it, looking at the shape of the bones, a thought occurred to him: Yes, when I look at these skull bones, what are they actually? They are transformed vertebrae.
As you know, the spinal column, within which the human spinal cord is enclosed as a nerve cord, is composed of superimposed rings, of specifically shaped rings that have projections. And if you now imagine that such a ring expands, initially expanding so that the hole through which the spinal cord passes—because they are stacked rings— initially becomes larger and the bone becomes correspondingly thinner and expands like something elastic, expanding not only horizontally but also in other directions, then these ring bones form a shape that is nothing other than the bone shape that forms our skull. Our skull bones are therefore transformed vertebrae.
If we stand on the ground of spiritual science, we can develop this Goethean discovery even further, and today it can be said in a much more developed form, in such a way that all the bones that humans carry within themselves are transformations, metamorphoses of a single form. We do not notice this simply because we have very primitive ideas about what can be created through transformation, through metamorphosis. If you consider, for example, an upper arm bone, such a tubular upper arm bone—you know what such a bone looks like—it would certainly not immediately appear to you to be similar to a bone that we carry on our head. But that is only because you have not thought through the idea of transformation far enough.
At first, you think that such a tubular bone must be puffed up, and when it is puffed up and has a cavity inside, the shape of the skull bone should result. But this is not the case with bones. Instead, a tubular bone would first have to be reversed so that its similarity to the skull bone could be seen after it had been turned inside out like a glove, which is reversed with the inside facing out. But isn't it true that when you turn a glove inside out, what comes out looks similar to what it was before, but the glove is now something dead, and that is not the case with a living thing? For example, if the glove were something alive, the following would happen when it was turned inside out. Certain changes would occur, for example, the thumb and little finger would become very long, the middle finger very short, and so on, the palm would contract, and so on. Then, due to the turning inside out and the different elasticity of the fabric, very different changes would occur. In short, the glove would have a completely different shape as a result of being turned inside out, even though it is still the glove. For example, you have to imagine a tubular upper arm bone turned inside out, and it would then become a skull bone.
So you must imagine that the wise, divine powers in the cosmos possessed greater wisdom than proud human beings have today when they set to work the transforming forces necessary for the formation of the skull. This is precisely what the inner unity of all natural things is based on, that basically all structures, even those that are most dissimilar to each other, are transformations of a primordial form. There is nothing that could possibly have life that would not come into being in this way, that would not be a transformed form of a basic form. In the course of this transformation, something else also comes into being. Certain parts of the basic form become larger at the expense of others, others become smaller, individual members enlarge, and other members do not enlarge to the same extent. This gives rise to dissimilarities, but these are only transformations of a basic form.
Now take the basic form that you can see when you look at our entire building. I can only summarize what I have to say to you in outline form and indicate only one of the points of view that come into consideration.

If you consider our building, you will find that it is a double-domed structure, with the domes sitting on a cylindrical base. It is a double-domed structure. That is the essential point, because the presence of a double dome expresses the liveliness of the building. If there were only a single dome, the essence of our building would be dead. The vitality of our building is expressed by the fact that, in a sense, one dome has its mirror image of consciousness in the other, that the two domes mirror each other, just as what is present in the outer world is mirrored by the human organs. The basic idea of the double sphere must be retained in everything that is intimately and organically connected with our building, for anything that does not bear the double dome form in some way, however hidden, would not express the essence of our building concept. Therefore, the idea of the double dome must also be present in this annex.
But now let us consider the double dome with its extensions. First, we have the one whose significance has already been pointed out several times: the interpenetration of the two dome motifs, which in a sense represent something new in architecture and, as you know, were realized with the engineering assistance of Mr. Englert. This interpenetration of the two domes is of particular importance in the main building because it expresses the intimate connection between those things that must mirror each other. I will first express this idea of mirroring in abstract terms. There is infinite diversity, infinite meaning, in this interpenetration of the two dome motifs. Only by bringing about this interpenetration of the double dome motifs will we achieve, in the further artistic stage of our building, what is expressed in the building as a reflection of our spiritual-scientific thoughts. So this interpenetration is present in the main building. And if we, I would say, remove the interpenetration, take the dome motifs apart, then we approach more of an Ahrimanic principle. If we were to bring them even closer together or push them completely into each other, if we were to build them in such a way that we placed one inside the other, then we would approach the Luciferic principle in the building.
Now it is a matter of separating the Ahrimanic principle from this building. In the case of the annex, it is therefore a matter of pushing the domes apart here; for here too, in this annex, the dome idea is still what matters. And now imagine the domes pushed apart, imagine this side motif (south portal on the main building) completely stunted on one side, so that the dotted line disappears, and significantly enlarged on the other side (towards the chimney). Imagine the main building so that you have the domes pushed apart here (in the south), a porch here, the whole thing pushed in here (see drawing a), and here, on the other hand, the whole thing pulled out instead of pushed in (b), here (a) completely stunted instead of further developed. On the other side, imagine it (the porch at the north portal) as particularly developed, then you have the motif of transformation for our main building in a secondary building assigned to it in its basic forms. For if you were to imagine this (the chimney) becoming smaller and smaller and then emerging again, and the whole thing pushed together, you would get a metamorphosis from the secondary building to the main building.
This was discussed using the model of the boiler house.

So what we have here is an adaptation to what is to take place inside, which has arisen from our main building through metamorphosis. Just as a vertebra can have emerged from the same basic form as the bone of the human skull, so that one can think of one emerging from the other, so too with the main building and the annex, which one can think of as emerging from each other through transformation. The idea of form, when it transforms, when it comes to life, is such that it can pass from one form into another.
We must truly become apprentices of the creative hierarchies that have created through metamorphosis, and we must learn to replicate the creative principle of the hierarchies in the same way.

Now imagine that there must be a force that enlarges what appears here on the side (north portal of the main building) as an insignificant side piece (chimney). If you have a small elastic bag and you want it to become larger, you have to press it from the inside in different directions so that it can become larger; there must be a force that makes the small thing big, that shapes it. So if such a side wing were really to be inflated here, it would have to be inflated by the force that penetrates it from within, here (see drawing on the left).
But what kind of forces could these be that are inside? You can study these forces in the forms of the architraves. Imagine the forces that are in the architraves jumping into the side structure and pushing it out, and you will get this shape (of the chimney and the rear wall). So you have to try to slip into these forms of the architraves with your artistic thoughts, summarize them, expand them, and imagine that by slipping in, you are expanding what is small inside. Then this form (chimney and rear wall) emerges. The only way to engage in unified creation is to try to get inside the thing.
This creeping into things and getting inside them is also a reflection of the creative forces of nature itself, and only in this way can the godlessness of modern industrial culture be overcome. A chimney, as it is otherwise available, cannot possibly be thought of as a product of natural creation. It is created by denying the divine spiritual forces of nature. There is hardly anything in nature that can be compared to such a chimney, except perhaps the most hideous plant, the asparagus. But that is, in a sense, an exception. That which truly grows in accordance with the forces present in the earth can never extend upwards like a chimney. If you want to study the forces that act upwards, the best way is to study what corresponds to the hidden forces in the earth in a tree, which also does not just drive its trunk vertically upwards, but must extend outwards in its branches. Of course, it is not a question of imitating this directly in the model, but of delving into the forces that radiate from the earth and overcome the mere vertical direction of the tree trunk, striving outwards and driving into the branches. There you also have the justified striving apart in space, in the cosmos outside, I would say, a branch-like striving apart (at the chimney).
I could justify the principles of this architectural form to you in the smallest detail, in every single surface, but I have only been able to indicate the roughest principles, and that would take too long.
Now, the point is that such a form is complete when it fulfills its purpose. If you look at this form now, it is not yet complete. It will only be complete when it is actually heated and the smoke comes out; that is part of it, that is really part of it, that is included in the architectural form. If one clairvoyantly contemplates the rising of the smoke here and its escape through the chimney, one will — since one will know, if one can truly contemplate it clairvoyantly, that the physical also contains a spiritual element — take into account the spiritual aspect of the rising smoke. For just as you have a physical, an etheric, and an astral body, so too does smoke have at least an etheric part. But this etheric part takes different paths than the physical part: the physical part will rise upward, but the etheric part will actually be taken up by these branches that go outward. One will eventually see the physical part of the smoke rising and the etheric parts of the smoke receding. But in this way, when this is expressed in form, a principle of all art is gradually fulfilled, namely that of representing the inner in the outer, of truly making the inner the principle of the outer.
As I said, I would have a lot to say to you if I were to go into the perhaps even more interesting details underlying this architectural form. And one of the interesting things is that it was possible to actually execute what was to be expressed in this modern material, as a concrete building. For this will offer the opportunity to go further and further in the design of this modern material and to gradually design buildings that serve modern Ahrimanic culture in this style. But that is precisely what is necessary. And I don't need to go into any more detail, because what matters to me more is to show you the principle behind this building and everything connected with it. This principle can be modified in many ways. For example, the dome can be changed so that it no longer looks like a dome at all, if you look at it purely from a geometric-mathematical point of view, if you don't look at it organically, and so on. But today I wanted to discuss this principle: the principle of inner transformation and change, the principle of life in transformation and creation. I wanted to mention this to show you how true artistic creation, insofar as it is connected with our spiritual-scientific thinking, must lead away from all symbolic interpretation, because symbolic interpretation is something external. The point is to grasp what is offered here inwardly and to go along with it with one's whole soul.
Once our building is finished, we do not want to hear the question over and over again: What does this mean, what does that mean? — only to hear how happy people feel when they think they have found the meaning of this or that in these things. With regard to such interpretations, we have encountered some curious things on certain side paths of theosophy, especially in all kinds of poetic and literary works. For example, dramas have been interpreted in such a way that one person is said to represent Manas, another person represents Buddhi, a third represents Atma, and so on. Of course, if one wants to, one can interpret everything in this way. But such interpretations are not what is at stake here. Rather, it is a matter of living in the things themselves, of going along with the creative force that permeates and shapes our entire world as an emanation of the higher hierarchies. Because the latter is more difficult than symbolic or allegorical interpretation, there is no need to avoid it as the more difficult option, for it leads into the spiritual world and is the strongest impetus for truly arriving at imagination, inspiration, and intuition.
This is part of the transformative impulses of the present: it is becoming necessary to have an ever-widening understanding of the advancement of the human soul into those regions that open up to imaginative, inspired, and intuitive contemplation. For in the spheres that open up to this contemplation lies that which makes our world a whole, which lifts us out of mere Maya and leads us into true reality.
It must be emphasized again and again that what we are approaching as a new spiritual knowledge cannot consist in a rehashing of the results of earlier clairvoyance. Certainly, many people seek to revive earlier clairvoyance, but the time of earlier clairvoyance is over, and only atavistic echoes of the old clairvoyance can occur in individual human beings. But the stages of human existence that we must climb do not open up by rehashing old clairvoyance. Let us try to look again at what must underlie this new clairvoyance. We have often pointed out the principles involved, but today we will try to look at the matter from another angle.
Let us start again from what we all know, namely that during waking hours, human beings live with their ego and their astral body in their etheric and physical bodies. But I have already emphasized in recent days that this waking state of human beings, from waking up to falling asleep, is not complete waking, but rather that something still sleeps within human beings. And what we perceive as will is really only partially awake. Our thoughts are awake from waking up to falling asleep, but volition is something we accomplish in a dreamlike state. That is why so much thinking about freedom of will and freedom in general has been in vain, because people have not noticed that what they know about the will in waking daily life is actually only a dream of the impulses of the will. If you want to imagine something about it, then you are awake. But how the will comes about and turns into action is something that people only dream about in their waking daily lives.If you pick up a piece of chalk and imagine picking up the chalk, you can indeed imagine that. But how the ego and the astral body flow into the hand, how the will spreads out there, you know no more about that in mere daytime consciousness without clairvoyance than you know about a dream when you dream. In ordinary waking life, one can only dream of the actual will, and in most cases we do not even dream, but merely sleep. For you can clearly imagine how you take a bite on your fork, and you can also imagine to a certain extent how you chew the bite, but you do not even dream of swallowing the bite. You are usually completely unaware of this, just as you are unaware of your thoughts when you sleep. Thus, a large part of the activity of the will is accomplished while awake in waking sleep.
If we did not sleep, especially in relation to our capacity for desire and the emotional impulses associated with our capacity for desire, we would initially develop a strange activity. We would follow the actions we perform into our bodies; we would follow everything we do as impulses of the will into our inner being, our blood, into all our blood vessels. That is, if you could follow the picking up of a piece of chalk in relation to the impulse of will, you would follow what is happening in your hand into all the blood vessels; you would see from within the activity of the blood and the feelings associated with it; for example, you would see inwardly the heaviness of the piece of chalk and the like, and thereby become aware that you are following your nerve pathways and the etheric fluid within them. You would experience yourself inwardly along the activity of the blood and the nerves. That would be an inner enjoyment of your own blood and nerve activity. However, we must be deprived of this inner enjoyment of our own blood and nerve activity for our earthly life, otherwise we would go through our earthly life in such a way that we would want to have our inner self-enjoyment in everything we do. Our enjoyment of ourselves would thereby increase infinitely. But man was not allowed to have this enjoyment, as it once was. And the secret of why he was not allowed to have this enjoyment is again expressed in a passage from the Bible, for which we should feel ever greater reverence.
According to what happened and what is expressed in the myth of Paradise, humans were allowed to eat from the tree of knowledge, but not from the tree of life. And inner enjoyment would be the enjoyment of the tree of life. That was not to happen for human beings. I cannot elaborate on this motif today, because that would lead too far afield, but you will be able to find out more by meditating on your own about what has been presented here as a motif. Now, however, you can consider something else that may be particularly important to us these days, based on this: We cannot eat from the tree of life, that is, enjoy our blood activity within and enjoy our nerve activity within; we cannot do that. But now, precisely when we perceive the outside world through our senses and our mind, something comes about that is probably connected with such inner enjoyment. When we perceive something in the outside world and when we think about something in the outside world, we follow the blood vessels against the senses—that is, against the eyes, the ears, the nose, the taste buds—and when we think, we follow the nerve pathways. But we do not perceive what we would perceive inside the nerve pathways and the blood; rather, what we would perceive in the blood is reflected by the senses, thrown back, mirrored, and this gives rise to sensory perceptions. And what is conducted through the nerve pathways is also reflected and returned to where the nerve pathways end, and is then mirrored as our thoughts.
Suppose that a person appeared who was able not only to follow his blood under the influence of the outside world and then receive a reflection of what his blood was doing, and not merely to follow his nerves and receive a reflection of what the nerves are doing, but to experience internally what we are unable to do in relation to blood and sensory nerves, to experience internally the blood as it tends toward the nerves and the eyes, then he would enjoy this internally, at least in relation to the parts of the blood and the nerves. This gives rise to those formations that belong to atavistic inner clairvoyance. For what is reflected to us are only images, filtered images, as it were, of what is in the blood and nerves. There are world secrets in the blood and nerves, but these are world secrets that have already been exhausted by the fact that we have become them. We only get to know ourselves when we get to know the imaginations that arise when we experience ourselves in our bloodstream going to the senses, and we only get to know those inspirations that are intended to build us up when we empathize with the nerves going to the senses.
But an entire inner world can thus be built up. This inner world can be a sum of imaginations. However, while we perceive the outer, physical world in a regular way for our earthly development, perceiving reflections and mirror images of our blood and nerve events, we cannot go beyond the senses when we immerse ourselves in ourselves, but only go to the point where the bloodstream flows into the senses. Then one experiences the imaginative world in such a way that one swims in the blood as a fish swims in water. But this imaginative world is in truth not an outer world, but a world that lives in our blood. When one lives in the nerves that go to the senses, one experiences an inspired world, a world of spherical sounds and a world of inner images. This is cosmic again, but it is nothing new. It is only something that has exhausted its task by flowing into our nervous and blood systems.
This clairvoyance, which arises and does not lead people beyond themselves, but rather leads them deeper into themselves, is a self-enjoyment, a real, genuine self-enjoyment. This is the reason why, in a certain sense, it produces a higher voluptuousness in people when they become clairvoyant, when they experience a world that is new to them. And on the whole, it must be said that this becoming clairvoyant is a return to an earlier stage of evolution. For what I have described to you, life in one's own sense organs and in the blood, did not exist then in the form in which it exists now, but the nervous system was already preformed. This kind of perception was the regular perception of human beings on the ancient Moon, and in what existed then as the beginnings of the nerves, they perceived themselves inwardly. The blood was not yet formed internally. It was something that came to humans from outside as a warm breath, just as the sun's rays come to us. Therefore, what is now a perception of the internal blood system here on Earth was a regular perception of the outside world on the Moon.
One can say that if here (it was drawn) is the boundary between the human inner and outer worlds, then what is now the nerve was already preformed on the Moon. By following the nerve, the human being could perceive what was once revealed to him as his inner imaginative world, what was contained within him. He perceived how he himself is contained in the cosmos. But then he also imaginatively perceived what came to him like a breath from outside, not from within. This has now disappeared; what was outside on the old moon has become internal to the blood circulation in the earth's development. Therefore, this is a return to the old moon development.
It is good to know about such things, because what arises in this way through clairvoyance comes up again and again. What arises in this way through clairvoyance does not need to develop along the difficult path of meditation and concentration described in “How to Attain Knowledge of Higher Worlds.” This clairvoyance, which arises from learning to live inwardly in one's nerves and blood, learning to enjoy oneself within oneself, is only a more refined training of organic life in general, a more refined training of what a person experiences when they eat and drink. Therefore, such clairvoyance is not really what humanity has as its task today, but rather, one might say, it is what arises as a greenhouse plant when we bring to a more refined existence the self-enjoyment that eating and drinking or similar activities give us. Just as a wine connoisseur, when drinking Rhine or Moselle wine, experiences an inner aftereffect that rises only to an imagination of the taste but does not become formative, so some people develop a refined inner enjoyment, and that is their clairvoyance.
Much clairvoyance is nothing more than a refined, sophisticated, greenhouse-like after-enjoyment of life. In our time, we must draw attention to these things again. For, I would say, the last time when the secrets of these things were still known, when they were still spoken of in literature, was actually the first half of the 19th century. Then came the second half of the 19th century with discoveries that were considered so great, discoveries that were rightly considered great from their point of view, and the understanding of these things and of the finer connections of all being was lost. Not yet has one lost — let this be said in parentheses — the enjoyment under the influence of the coarser, let us say, acquisitions. That has remained with people, that they can live in the after-enjoyment of eating and drinking; they have developed this to a certain degree, especially in the materialistic age.But in such things, humanity also lives in a cyclical, rhythmic movement. And the materialistic age, because it has eradicated what was once a general feeling — the entry of self-enjoyment into the senses, into the nervous and blood circulation, which was certainly more prevalent in the past — can therefore devote itself more strongly to the impressions of eating and drinking. It is very easy to study the whole change and upswing that has taken place in this regard in a relatively short time. One need only pick up a hotel menu from the 1970s and compare it with one from today. One would see how life has progressed in terms of refined pleasures, in terms of the self-indulgences of one's own body. But such things also proceed cyclically; everything can only be achieved to a certain degree, and just as a pendulum can only swing to a certain point and then has to swing back, so too must mere physical enjoyment, from a certain point where it will have arrived, swing back again. This will happen when even the most avid pleasure seekers, those who have the greatest longing for pleasures, will stand before the most deliciously prepared things and not desire them, but say: “Ugh! I don't like that, I'm already fed up with it all!” This moment will also come, for it is a necessary development. Everything proceeds cyclically.
Human beings experience the other side of life during their sleep. Their imagination sleeps, and naturally, completely different conditions arise. Now, I said that it was essentially the first half of the 19th century that still had an insight into these things, and the clairvoyance that arises from following one's own blood and nerve pathways was still called, in the first half of the 19th century, in remembrance of certain echoes, Pythian clairvoyance, because it is indeed related to what underlay the Pythian clairvoyance of antiquity.
The other conditions are present during sleep. There, the human being is outside the physical and etheric bodies with his ego and his astral body. In ordinary life, these ideas are suppressed, paralyzed. But from the moment of falling asleep until waking up, the human being lives continuously in the desire for his physical body. This is precisely what sleeping consists of: from the moment he begins to sleep, the human being develops a desire for his physical body. This desire rises to a climax and then urges him more and more back to his physical body. The desire for one's own physical body becomes greater and greater in the state of sleep. And because the desire pervades the ego and the astral body like a fog, the life of imagination is dampened and dimmed. It is precisely because the life of desire for the physical body permeates the ego and the astral body like a fog that the imagination is dimmed. Just as we cannot see the trees in the forest when a fog spreads, so we cannot experience our inner life of perception when the fog of our desire spreads over it.
Now, however, it can happen that this life of desire becomes so strong during sleep that the human being not only develops this desire outside his physical and etheric bodies, but also becomes so greedy to a certain degree that he partially seizes the inner part of his physical and etheric bodies, so that his desire reaches the furthest ends of his blood and nerve pathways, so that he sinks, as it were, from outside through the senses into the furthest ends of the blood circulation and into the furthest ends of the nerve pathways.
In ancient times, when the gods still helped people with such experiences, this was something quite normal, something good. The people who accomplished so much for their people, the ancient Hebrew prophets, accomplished what they accomplished and had their prophetic gift because they used that tremendous love precisely for the blood and the nervous system of their people, so that even in their sleep they did not want to be completely separated from what physically lived in this people. These prophets of Jewish antiquity were seized by such longing, filled with such love, that they wanted to remain connected even in sleep with the blood of their people, to whom they belonged. It was precisely this that gave them their prophetic gifts.
This is the physiological origin of these prophetic gifts, and beautiful, wonderful products emerged from what has just been described. The prophets of the individual peoples are so important to their respective peoples precisely because they themselves, even outside the physical body, lived with this physical body in the manner just described.
As I said, until the first half of the 19th century, there was still a certain awareness of this connection in human life. Just as the clairvoyance mentioned and characterized above was called Pythian clairvoyance, the clairvoyance I have just spoken of, in which one still immersed oneself in the blood and nerve pathways of the physical body with what otherwise lived outside the physical and etheric body during sleep, was called prophetic clairvoyance.
If you follow the literature of the first half of the 19th century, even though it could not be described with the accuracy and precision of the new spiritual science as it is today, you will still find Pythian and prophetic clairvoyance described. Today, this difference is no longer known, because we can no longer understand what we read about Pythian and prophetic clairvoyance in the books of the first half of the 19th century. However, neither of these two types of clairvoyance is what can really advance humanity today. These two types of clairvoyance are those that were valid in ancient times. Today's clairvoyance, which must develop more and more toward the future, can arise neither by enjoying what permeates our body from within when we wake up, nor by immersing ourselves in this body from outside in a sleep-like state, out of love — not for ourselves, but for that part of humanity to which our body belongs. Both are outdated points of view.
Today's clairvoyance must develop in such a way that it appears as a third option, one that is neither an external grasping of the physical body in loving greed, nor an internal enjoyment of the physical body. That which lives within and can penetrate our body with inner enjoyment, and that which can grasp the body from outside, must both leave the body; if today's clairvoyance is to occur, both must only to the extent that it is still connected with the body within the incarnation between birth and death, in such a way that it neither enjoys nor loves the blood and nerves from within or without, but must remain connected with the body in pure renunciation of such self-enjoyment or self-love. The connection with the body must nevertheless remain, for otherwise it would mean death. Man must remain connected to the body that belongs to him in his physical incarnation on earth, remain connected to this body through the limbs, which are, so to speak, distant or at least relatively distant from the activity of the blood and nerves. The detachment from the activity of the blood and nerves must take place.
When human beings no longer enjoy themselves inwardly on the paths that lead to their senses, or is no longer penetrated from outside into his senses, but when the human being is able to connect with himself, as it were, from within and from without, so that he can truly grasp within himself what is the symbol of death for physical life, when he can connect with what gives the expectation of physical death, then the state in question is reached. For we actually die physiologically by being able to develop the skeletal system within us. When we are able to grasp what the people, out of a wonderful intuition, feel to be the symbol of death, the skeleton, which is as far removed from the blood and nervous systems as the skeletal system, then we arrive at something that is higher than Pythian and prophetic clairvoyance; then we arrive at what we can call spiritual-scientific clairvoyance.
In this spiritual scientific clairvoyance, we no longer grasp a part of human nature, but we grasp the whole human being. And it is basically irrelevant whether we grasp it from within or from without, for this kind of clairvoyance can no longer be a pleasure. It is no longer a refined enjoyment, but a merging with the divine-spiritual forces of the universe. It is becoming one with the world, no longer experiencing the human being and what is hidden within the human being, but rather experiencing the deeds of the beings of the higher hierarchies, a real lifting out of self-enjoyment and self-love. And just as our thoughts become members of our soul, so must human beings become, as it were, a thought, a member of the higher hierarchies. To think oneself, to imagine oneself, to allow oneself to be perceived by the higher hierarchies – that is the principle of spiritual scientific clairvoyance. To be accepted, not to accept oneself.
I would like what I am saying to become the subject of your further meditation, because what I have discussed today can stimulate many, many things in all of you, and it can serve to penetrate ever further and further into the actual impulses of our spiritual scientific stream. And how much seriousness must be involved in this penetration of our spiritual scientific stream has been discussed frequently in recent days. That which within this spiritual-scientific stream was not willed, but should be willed, could in turn be realized if as many as possible would decide to think about this threefold form of knowledge of higher worlds in a lively way, so that clearer and ever clearer concepts arise about what we all want, after all, and what is so easily confused with what is more convenient, much more convenient to have.
Indeed, it is not for nothing that work is done from cycle to cycle to gather more and more ideas and concepts. Studying these ideas and concepts is not unnecessary, but is the way to prepare within oneself those soul impulses that lead to true spiritual clairvoyance. Sometimes, by nibbling here and there at what is given within our spiritual-scientific stream, one can cause a crack in this or that aspect of human nature, and then something of Pythian and prophetic clairvoyance arises, and one can become proud and arrogant in this Pythian or prophetic clairvoyance. When that happens, you get the kind of judgments you often hear, where someone says, “I don't need to study everything in detail, I don't need what's said in the cycles. What I hear about things, I already know very well, I already knew that, and so on.” The principle of living in a few imaginations, which could be called blood and nerve imaginations, still permeates many. Many people think they have something very special when they have a few blood and nerve imaginations. But that is not what can lead us to selfless cooperation in human evolution. Rather, dwelling on blood and nerve imaginations actually leads to an increase in self-indulgence, to a more sophisticated egoism. And then it can happen that, precisely through the cultivation of spiritual science, a more refined egoism is bred than ever exists in the outer world.
Of course, one never speaks of those present in these matters, never of the Anthroposophical Society, which is indeed present. But it may be mentioned that there are societies in which there are people who, according to the principles of these societies, manage not to work together in a truly selfless way, but to take in certain things, preferably things that stir up the blood or nerve imaginations here and there, and then believe that they can spare themselves the rest. Then they arrive at a kind of atavistic clairvoyance, or perhaps they do not even arrive at that, but only at feelings that can be regarded as accompanying phenomena of such imaginative clairvoyance. And these feelings are not an overcoming of egoism, but only a higher flowering of egoism. In such societies – with the exception, out of courtesy, of the Anthroposophical Society – although they have a duty to develop love, concord, and harmony between members down to the deepest depths of their souls, one finds more and more disharmony, quarrelsomeness, mutual back-slapping, and so on. I may use this expression because, as I said, I always exclude the members of the Anthroposophical Society.
We can then see that precisely where strong light should shine, strong shadows are also cast. It is not that I want to criticize these things as if I thought they could be eradicated overnight. They cannot be, because they arise naturally. But at least everyone can work on themselves, and it is not good if consciousness is not at least directed toward these things.
It is quite understandable that, precisely because a certain trend has to be worked out, the dark sides also assert themselves within such societies, and that often what proliferates outside in life can proliferate to the greatest extent in such societies. But it does evoke a certain bitter feeling when this occurs in societies which, by their very nature – otherwise there would be no point in having a society – should develop a certain brotherhood, a certain cohesion, but precisely because people come closer together, certain characteristics that only exist fleetingly outside develop all the more intensely. Since the Anthroposophical Society is exempt from this, it will be all the more possible for us to think about these things quite objectively, as uninvolved parties, so to speak, to reflect on them, to get to know them more intensively, and if we should find these things somewhere in the world, not to regard them as anything other than what they are and not to give ourselves over to the belief if someone thought they understood anthroposophy particularly deeply, yet certain characteristics that occur in the outside world were not only apparent in them as they are in the outside world, but much more intensely, so that we then do not believe that these things are incomprehensible, but know that they are comprehensible, but that they are things we must fight against. Sometimes we can only fight them once we have truly understood them.This, too, is something that shows us how life is connected with what spiritual science is, how spiritual science can only really achieve its goal if it is understood as a view of life, indeed as an art of living, if it is carried into all of life. How wonderful it would be if all the individual relationships in life, let's say now, in the Anthroposophical Society, turned out to be as harmonious with each other as we are trying to achieve with the forms of our building, where the individual forms merge into each other and are all in harmony with each other. If life could be like the building, and if the whole life in our society could become as we wanted it to be through a beautiful interaction of those involved in the building, so that this work on the building is already something harmonious, something noble, an imprint of what is expressed in the building itself.
So the inner meaning of the life principle of our building and the inner meaning of the interaction of souls – well, I'd rather not say that – so the inner meaning of the interaction of forms in our building should pave the way in all the individual relationships in our society, should, as it were, stand before us as an ideal in its inner design. I would just like to assure you that I did not misspeak when I omitted a sentence earlier; I omitted it quite deliberately, and sometimes what is not said is also said.
In summary, however, what I have been discussing these past few days, varying a theme in many different ways, and what I would particularly like to recommend to you, is not only to present the thoughts and ideas of spiritual science, the results of spiritual research, to your intellect, to your reason, but to take what lives in spiritual science into your hearts. For the salvation of the future progress of humanity really depends on this. This can be said without presumption, and anyone who tries to study a little the impulses of our evolution and the signs of our time can understand this. This concludes the series of lectures that I took the liberty of giving to you at the turn of the year.