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Ways to a New Style in Architecture
GA 286

26 July 1914, Dornach

8. The Creative World of Colour

To-day we will continue our study of subjects connected with art. The lectures are meant to help us in regard to the kind of thoughts which should permeate the work before us. If we would couple right thoughts with the task which we are here beginning in a primitive fashion, the necessity arises to bring before the soul many things that impress us when we study man's achievements in art and their connection with human civilisation.

Herman Grimm, the very intuitive student of art in the nineteenth century, made a certain apparently radical statement about Goethe. He spoke of the date at which humanity would first have developed a real understanding of Goethe, placing it about the year 2000. According to Grimm's idea, therefore, a long time will have to elapse before mankind will have developed to the point of understanding the real significance of Goethe. And, indeed, when one observes the present age, one does not feel inclined to contradict such a statement. To Grimm, Goethe's greatest significance does not lie in the fact that he was a poet, that he had created this or that particular work of art, but that he always created from a full and complete manhood—the impulse of this full manhood lies behind every detail of his creative activity. Our age is very far from understanding this full manhood that lived, for instance, in Goethe. In saying this I have naturally no wish to speak derogatively of the specialisation that has entered into the study of science, which is indeed often deplored—for from one point of view this specialisation is a necessity. Much more significant than the specialisation in science is that which has crept into modern life itself, for, as a result of this, the individual soul, enclosed within some particular sphere of specialised conceptions or ideas, grows less and less capable of understanding other souls who specialise in a different sphere. In a certain sense all human beings are “specialists” to-day so far as their souls are concerned. More particularly are we struck with this specialised mode of perception when we study the development of art in humanity. And for this very reason it is necessary—although it can only be a primitive beginning—that there shall again come into existence a comprehensive understanding of spiritual life in its totality. True form in art will arise from this comprehensive understanding of spiritual life. We need not enter upon a very far-reaching study in order to prove the truth of this. We shall come to a better understanding if we start from something near at hand, and I will therefore speak of one small point in the numerous irrelevant and often ridiculous attacks made against our spiritual movement at the present time.

It is so cheap for people to try, by means of pure fabrications, to slander us in the eyes of the world, saying, for instance, that we are on the wrong track because here or there we have given to our buildings a form that we consider suitable to our work. We are reproached for having coloured walls in certain of our meeting rooms and we are already tired of hearing about the ‘sensationalism’ in our building—which is said to be quite unnecessary for true ‘Theosophy’—that is how people express it. In certain circles ‘true Theosophy’ is thought to be a kind of psychic hotch-potch, teeming with obscure sensations, glorying to some extent in the fact that the soul can unfold a higher ego within. This, however, is really nothing but egotism. From the point of view of this obscure psychic hotch-potch people think it superfluous for a spiritual current to be expressed in any outer form, although this outer form, it is true, can only be a primitive beginning. Such people think themselves justified in chattering about these psychic matters no matter where they may be. Why, then—so they think—is it necessary to express anything in definite forms? We really cannot expect to find any capacity of real thought in people who hurl this kind of reproach at us—in fact we can expect it from very few people at the present time—but, nevertheless, we must be clear in our own minds on many points if we are to be able at least to give the right answers to questions that arise in our own souls.

I want to draw your attention to Carstens, an artist who made his mark in the sphere of art at the end of the eighteenth century as a designer and painter of decided talent. I do not propose in any way to speak of the value of Carstens' art, nor to describe his work—neither am I going to give you a biographical sketch of his life. I only want to call your attention to the fact that he certainly possessed great talent for design, if not for painting. In the soul of Carstens we find a certain artistic longing, but we can also see what was lacking in him. He wanted to draw ideas, to embody them in painting, but he was not in the position of men like Raphael or Leonardo da Vinci—or to take an example from poetry—of Dante. Raphael, Leonardo and Dante lived within a culture that teemed with import—a culture that penetrated into and at the same time surrounded the soul of man. When Raphael painted his Madonnas they were living in men's hearts and souls and in the very highest sense something streamed from the soul of the public in response to the creations of this great artist. When Dante set out to transport the soul into spiritual realms he had only to draw his material, his substance, from something that was resounding, as it were, in every human soul. These artists possessed in their own souls the substance of the general culture of the age. In any work of the scientific culture of that time—however much it may have fallen into disuse—we shall find connecting links with an element that was living in all human souls, even down to the humblest circles. The learned men of the spheres of culture where Raphael created his Madonnas were fully cognisant of the idea at the back of the figures of the Madonna, nay more, the idea was a living thing within their souls. Thus artistic creations seem to be expressions of a general, uniform spiritual life. This quality came to light again in Goethe as a single individual, in the way that was possible at the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. So little is this understood in our times, that, in Herman Grimm's opinion, as I have already said, it will be necessary to wait until the year 2000 before the world will again reveal such understanding.

Let us turn again to Carstens. He takes the Iliad of Homer, and he impresses into his penciled forms the processes and events of which he reads. What a different relationship there is to the Homeric figures in the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth century from the relationship that existed between the soul of Raphael and the figures of the Madonna and other motifs of that age! In the greatest epochs the content of art was immediately perceptible because it flowed from something that moved the innermost being of man. In the nineteenth century’ it began to be necessary for artists to seek for the content of their creations by dint of effort and we soon find that the artist becomes a kind of ‘cultural hermit,’ one who is only concerned with himself and of whom people ask, ‘What relationship is there between himself and his own particular world of form?’ A study of the history of art in the nineteenth century would reveal the true state of affairs in this connection.

Thus there gradually arose, not only the indifferent attitude to art, but the cold one that exists nowadays. Think of someone in a modern city walking through a picture gallery or exhibition of pictures. The soul is not moved by what is seen, no inner confidence is felt in it. The person is faced by what really amounts to a multitude of riddles—to use a radical expression—riddles which can only be solved if to some extent penetration is made into the particular relationship of this or that artist to nature, or to other things. The soul is faced with purely individual problems or riddles, and the significant thing is, that although people believe they are solving the problems of art, they are, in the vast majority of cases, trying to solve problems not really connected with art itself—to wit, psychological problems. Such problems as: How does this or that artist look on nature—are problems of philosophy or the like and are of no importance when we really penetrate into the great epochs of art. On the contrary, when this penetration is undertaken, the problems that emerge not only for the artist but for the contemplator of the works of art, are truly artistic, truly aesthetic ones. For it is the manner that really concerns the creative artists, while the mere matter, the mere substance, is only the element that flows around him, in which he is immersed. We might even put it thus: our artists are no longer artists. They are contemplators of the world, each from a certain point of view and what they see, what strikes them in the world, this they contrive to shape. But these are theory, problems of history and so forth, while on the other hand our age has almost altogether lost the power—or indeed the heart—to perceive art in its essence, to perceive the manner, not the mere matter.

Our conception of the world—theoretical from its very foundations—is a good deal to blame for this. Practical as men have become in technical, industrial and commercial affairs, they have become eminently theoretical so far as their thinking is concerned. The endeavour to build a bridge between modern science and the conception of the world held by the artist is not only fraught with difficulty, but with the fact that so few people feel there is any need to build it. Words like those of Goethe: “Art is the manifestation of secret laws of nature without which they could never find expression” are wholly unintelligible to our age, although here and there people think they understand them. Our age holds fast to the most external, the most abstract natural laws—laws which are themselves based on utterly abstract mathematical principles—and it will not admit the validity of any penetration into reality which transcends all abstract mathematics or systems of that kind. No wonder our age has lost the living element of soul which feels the working of the very substance of world connections—the substance that must indeed well up from these world connections before art can come into being. The thoughts and ideas evolved by the modern age in regard to the universe are inartistic in their very nature—nay more, they even strive to be so. Colours—what have they become according to modern scientific opinion? Vibrations of the most abstract substance in the ether, etheric vibrations of so many wave lengths. These waves of vibrating ether sought by modern science, how remote they are from the direct, living essence of colour! What else is possible than that man is led wholly to ignore the living essence of colour? I have already told you that this element of colour is, in its very being, fluidic and alive—an element moreover in which our soul lives. And a time will come—as I have also indicated—when man will again perceive the living connection of the flowing sea of colour with the colours of creatures and objects manifested in the external world.

This is difficult for man because, since he has to develop his ego during earthly evolution, he has risen out of this flowing sea of colour to a mode of contemplation that proceeds purely from the ego. With his ego, man rises out of the sea of colour; the animal lives wholly within it and the fact that certain animals have feathers or skins of particular colours is connected with the whole relationship existing between the souls of these animals and the flowing sea of colour. The animal perceives objects with its astral body (as we perceive them with the ego) and into the astral body flow the forces living in the group-soul of the animal. It is nonsense to imagine that animals, even higher animals, behold the world as man beholds it. At the present time there is no understanding of these things. Man imagines that if he is standing near a horse, the horse sees him in exactly the same way as he sees the horse. What is more natural than to think that since the horse has eyes it sees him just as he sees it? This, however, is absolute nonsense. Without a certain clairvoyance a horse would no more see a human being than a human being, being without problems of psychological clairvoyance, would see an angel, for the man simply does not exist for the horse as a physical being, but only as a spiritual being. The horse is possessed of a certain order of clairvoyance and what the horse sees in man is quite different from what man sees in the horse: as we go about we are spectral beings to the horse. If animals could speak in their own language—not in the way they are sometimes made to ‘speak’ nowadays, but in their own language—man would realise that it never by any chance occurs to the animals to contemplate him as a being of similar order but as one who stands higher than themselves—a spectral, ghostlike being. Even if the animals assume their own body to consist of flesh and blood, they certainly have a different conception of the body of man. To the modern mind this of course sounds the purest nonsense—so far is the present age removed from truth!

As a result of the relation between astral body and group-soul, a receptivity to the living, creative power of colour flows into the animal. Just as we may see an object that rouses desire in us and we stretch out towards it by movement of the hand, an impression is made in the whole animal organism by the direct creative power in the colour; this impression flows into the feathers or skin and gives the animal its colour. I have already said that our age cannot understand why it is that the polar bear is white; the white colour is the effect produced by the environment and when the polar bear ‘whitens’ itself, this, at a different level, is practically the same thing as when man stretches out with a movement of his hand to pick a rose in response to a desire. The living creative effects of the environment work upon the polar bear in such a way that an impulse is released within it and it ‘whitens’ itself.

In man, this living weaving and moving in the element of colour has passed into the substrata of his being because he would never have been able to develop his ego if he had remained wholly immersed within the sea of colour and were, for instance, in response to an impression of a rosy hue of dawn to feel the impulse to impress these tints through creative imagination into certain parts of his skin. During the ancient moon period these conditions still obtained. The contemplation of scenes in nature like that of a rosy dawn worked upon man as he then was; this impression was reflected back, as it were, into his own colouring; it penetrated into the being of man in those times and was then outwardly expressed in certain areas of his body. During the earth period, this living bodily existence in the flowing sea of colour had to cease in order that man might be able to evolve his own conception of the world in his ego. So far as his form was concerned he had to become neutral to this sea of colour. The tint of the human skin as it appears in the temperate zones is essentially the expression of the ego, of absolute neutrality in face of the outer waves of colour; it denotes man's ascent above the flowing sea of colour. But even the most elementary facts of Spiritual Science remind us that it is man's task to find the path of return.

Physical body, etheric body, astral body—these were developed during the periods of Saturn, Sun and Moon; the ego has to develop during the earth period. Man must find the ways and means to spiritualise his astral body once again, to permeate it with all that the ego has won for itself. And as he spiritualises his astral body and so discovers the path of return, he must again find the flowing, surging waves of colour out of which he arose in order that his ego might develop—just as a man who rises from the sea only sees what is over the sea. We are indeed already living in an age when this penetration into the spiritual flow of the powers of of nature—that is to say of the spiritual powers behind nature—must begin. It must again be possible for us not merely to look at colours, to reproduce them outwardly here or 'there, but to live with colour, to experience the inner life-force of colour. This cannot be done by merely studying in painting, for instance, the effects of the colours and their interplay as we look at them. It can only be done if once again we sink our soul in the flow of red or blue, for instance, if the flow of the colour really lives—if we are able to ensoul the essence of colour that instead of evolving any kind of colour symbolism (which would of course be the very opposite way of going to work) we really discover what is already living in colour just as the power of laughter exists in a man who laughs. Hence we must seek out the paths of return to the flowing world of colour, for as I have already said, man has risen above it with his ego. If he has no other perception save ‘here is red, here is blue’—which is often the case to-day—he can never press onwards to living experience of the real essence of colour. Still less is this possible when he gives an intellectualistic garb to this inner essence and perceives red as a symbol, blue as another, and so forth. This will never lead to real experience of colour. We must know how to surrender the whole soul to what speaks to us from out of colour. Then, when we are confronted with red we have a sense of attack, aggression—this comes to us from the red. If ladies were all to go about dressed in red, a man possessed of a delicate sense for colour would silently imagine, simply on account of their clothing, that they might at any moment set about him vigourously! In red, then, there is a quality of aggression, something that comes towards us. Blue has an element that seems to pass away from us, to leave us, something after which we gaze with a certain wistfulness, with yearning.

How far the present age is removed from any such living understanding of colour may be realised from what I have already said about Hildebrand, an excellent artist, who expressly states that a colour on a surface is simply that and nothing more; the surface is there, overlaid with colour—that is all—though to be sure it is not quite the same in the case of form which expresses distance, for example. Colour expresses more than mere distance and we cannot help finding it deeply symptomatic of the whole nature of the present age that this is not perceived, even by an artist like Hildebrand. It is impossible to live into the essence of colour if one cannot immediately pass over from repose into movement, realising that a red disc approaches us, and that a blue disc, on the other hand, withdraws. These colours move in opposite directions. When we penetrate deeply into this living essence of colour we are led further and further. We begin to realise—if we really believe in colour—that we simply could not picture two coloured discs of this kind remaining there at rest. To picture such a thing would be to deaden all living feeling, for living feeling immediately changes into the realisation that the red and the blue discs are revolving round each other, the one towards the spectator, the other away from him. The relation between the red that is painted on a figure, in contrast to the blue, is such that the figure takes on life and movement through the very colour itself. The figure is caught up into the universe of life because this is shining in the colours. Form is of course the element that is at rest, stationary; but the moment the form has colour, the inner movement in the colour rises out of the form, and the whirl of the cosmos, the whirl of spirituality passes through the form. If you colour a form you endow it with the soul element of the universe, with cosmic soul, because colour is not only a part of form; the colour you give to a particular form places this form into the whole concatenation of its environment and indeed into the whole universe. In colouring a form we should feel: ‘Now we are endowing form with soul.’ We breathe soul into dead form when, through colour, we make it living.

We need only draw a little nearer to this inner living weaving of colours and we shall feel as if we are not confronting them on a level but as if we were standing either above or below them—again it is as if the colour becomes inwardly alive. To a lover of abstractions, to one who merely gazes at the colours and does not livingly penetrate into them, a red sphere may indeed seem to move around a blue, but he does not feel the need to vary the movement in any sense. He may be a great mathematician, or a great metaphysician, but he does not know how to live with colour because it seems to pass like a dead thing from one place to another. This is not so in reality; colour radiates, changes within itself, and if red moves it will send on before it a kind of orange aura, a yellow aura, a green aura. If blue moves it will send something different on before it.

We have, then, a play of colours as it were. Something actually happens when we experience in colour; thus red seems to attack, blue to pass away. We feel red as something which we want to ward off, blue as something we would pursue as if with longing. And if we could feel in colour in such a way that red and blue really live and move, we should indeed inwardly flow with the surging sea of colour, our souls would feel the eddying vortex of attacks and longings, the sense of flight and the prayer of surrender that intermingle with one another. And if we were to express this in some form, artistically of course, this form, which in itself is at rest, we should tear away from rest and repose. The moment we have a form which we paint, we have, instead of the form which is at rest, living movement that does not only belong to the form but to the forces and weaving being round about the form. Thus through a life of soul we wrest the material form away from its mere repose, from its mere quality of rigid form. Something like this must surely once be painted into this world by the creative elemental powers of the universe. For all that man is destined to receive by way of powers of longing—all this is something that could find expression in the blue. This on the one hand man must bear as a forming, shaping principle in his head, while all that finds expression in the red he must bear within him in a form that rushes upward from the rest of the body to the brain. Two such currents are indeed active in the structure of the human brain. Around man externally is the world—all that for which he longs—and this is perpetually being flooded over by that which surges upward from his own body. By day it happens that all which the blue half contains flows more intensely than the red and yellow: by night, so far as the physical human organism is concerned it is the opposite. And what we are wont to called the two-petalled lotus flower is indeed a true image of what I have here portrayed, for this two-petalled lotus flower does indeed reveal to the seer just such colours and movements. Nobody will really be able to fathom what lives in the world of form as the creative element, as the upper part of the human head, if he is not able to follow this flow of colour that in man is indeed a “hidden” flow of colour.

Color chart for lecture 26, July 1914
Color chart I
Color chart for lecture 26, July 1914, based on the sketch by Rudolf Steiner,
executed in watercolor by Hilde Boos-Hamburger

It must be the endeavour of art again to dive down into the life of the elements. Art has observed and studied nature long enough, has tried long enough to solve all the riddles of nature and to express in another form all that can be observed by this penetration into nature. What lives in the elements is, however, dead so far as modern art is concerned. Air, water, light—all are dead as they are painted to-day; form is dead as is expressed in modern sculpture. A new art will arise when the human soul learns to penetrate to the depths of the elemental world, for this world is living. People may rail against this; they may think that it ought not to be, but such raillery is only the outcome of human inertia. Unless man enters with his whole being into the world of the elements, and absorbs into himself the spirit and soul of the external world art will more and more become a work of the human soul in isolation. This of course may bring many interesting things to light in regard to the psychology of certain souls, but it will never achieve that which art alone can achieve. These things belong to the far, far future but we must go forward to meet this future with eyes that have been opened by Spiritual Science—otherwise we can see in that future nothing but death and paralysis.

This is why we must seek for inner connection between all our forms and colours here and the spiritual knowledge that moves innermost depths of the soul; we must seek that which lives in the Spirit in the same way as the Madonnas lived in Raphael, so lived in him that he was able to paint them as he did. The Madonnas were living in Raphael's very being, just as they were living in the learned men, the labourers in the fields and the craftsmen of his time. That is why he was the true artist of the Madonna. Only when we succeed in bringing into our forms in a purely artistic sense, without symbolism or allegory, all that lives in our idea of the world—not as abstract thought, dead knowledge or science, but as living substance of the soul—only then do we divine something of what the future holds in store.

Thus there must be unity between what is created externally and all that permeates the soul in the innermost depths of her being—a unity that was present in Goethe as the result of a special karma. Bridges must be built between what is still to many people so much abstract conception in Spiritual Science and what arises from hand, chisel and paint brush. To-day the building of these bridges is hindered by a cultural life that is in many respects superficial and abstract, and will not allow life to flow into action. This explains the appearance of the wholly groundless idea that spiritual knowledge might cause the death of art. In many instances of course a paralysing effect has been evident, for instance in all the allegorising and symbolising that goes on, in the perpetual questioning, ‘what does this mean?’ ‘what does that mean?’ I have already said that we should not always be asking what things ‘mean.’ We should not think of asking about the ‘meaning’ of the larynx, for instance. The larynx does not ‘mean’ anything, for it is the living organ of human speech and this is the sense in which we must look at all that lives in forms and colours when they are living organs of the spiritual world. So long as we have not ceased asking about allegorical or symbolical meanings, so long as we interpret myths and sagas allegorically and symbolically instead of feeling the living breath of the Spirit pervading the cosmos, realising how the cosmos lives in the figures of the world of myths and fairy stories—so long have we not attained to real spiritual knowledge.

A beginning, however, must be made, imperfect though it will be. No one should imagine that we take this beginning to be the perfect thing; but like many other objections to our spiritual movement made by the modern age, it is nonsense to say that our building is not an essential part of this spiritual movement. We ourselves are already aware of the facts which people may bring forward. We realise also that all the foolish chatter about the ‘higher self,’ all the rhapsodies in regard to the ‘divinity of the soul of man’ can also be expressed in outer forms of the present age; and of course we know that it is everywhere possible for man to promote Spiritual Science in its mental and intellectual aspects. But over and above this merely intellectual aspect we feel that if Spiritual Science is to pour life into the souls of men it demands a vesture of a different kind from any that may be a product of the dying culture of our day. It is not at all necessary for the outer world to remind us of the cheap truth that Spiritual Science can also be studied in its mental aspect in surroundings of a different kind from those which are made living by our forms. The ideal which Spiritual Science must pour into our souls must be earnest and grow ever more earnest. A great many things are still necessary before this earnestness, this inner driving force of the soul can become part of our very being. It is quite easy to speak of Spiritual Science and its expression in the outer world in such way that its core and nerve are wholly lacking. The form taken by the most vigorous attacks levelled against our spiritual movement creates a strange impression. Those who read some of these attacks will, if they are in their right minds, wonder what on earth they are driving at. They describe all manner of fantastic nonsense which has not the remotest connection with us, and then the opposition is levelled against these absurdities! The world is so little capable of absorbing new spiritual leaven that it invents a wholly grotesque caricature and then sets to work to fight against that. There are even people who think that the whole movement should be done away with. Attack of course is always possible but it is a reductio ab absurdum to do away with an invention that has no resemblance of any kind to what it sets out to depict. It behooves us, however, to realise what kind of sense for truth underlies these things, for this will make us strong to receive all that must flow to us from Spiritual Science, and, made living by this Spiritual Science, shine into material existence. That the world has not grown in tolerance or understanding is shown by the attitude adopted towards Spiritual Science. The world has not grown in either of these qualities.

We can celebrate the inner confluence of the soul with Spiritual Science in no better way than by deepening ourselves in problems like that of the nature and being of colour, for in experience of the living flow of colour we transcend the measure of our own stature and live in cosmic life. Colour is the soul of nature and of the whole cosmos and we partake of this soul as we experience colour.

This was what I wanted to indicate to-day, in order next time to penetrate still more deeply into the nature of the world of colour and the essence of painting.

I could not help interspersing these remarks with references to the attacks that are being made upon us from all sides—attacks emanating from a world incapable of understanding the aims of our Anthroposophical Movement. One can only hope that those within our Movement will be able, by a deepening of their being, to understand something truly symptomatic of our times, the falsehood and untruth that is creeping into man's conception of what is striving to find its place within the spiritual world. We of course have no wish to seclude our spiritual stream, to shut it off from the world; as much as the world is willing to receive, that it can have. But one thing the world must accept if it is to understand us, and that is the unity of the whole nature of man—the unity which makes every human achievement the outcome of this full and complete ‘manhood.’

These words are not meant to be an attack on the present age. I speak them with a certain sense of pain, because the more our will and our efforts increase in this Movement of ours, the more malicious—perhaps not consciously, but more or less unconsciously malicious—do the opposing forces become. I have, moreover, spoken thus because the way in which these things must be looked at is not yet fully understood even among ourselves. The unshakable standpoint must be that something new, a new beginning, is at least intended in our Movement. What lies beyond this ‘intention’ has of course yet to come. We with our building can still do no more than ‘intend.’ Those who can do more than intend—they will come, even though it be not before the time Herman Grimm thinks must elapse before there will be a complete understanding of Goethe. A certain humility is bound up with the understanding of this and there is little humility in modern spiritual life. Spiritual Science is well suited to give this humility and at the same time to bring the soul to a realisation of the gravity of these things.

A painful impression is caused by the opposition arising on all sides against our spiritual Movement, now that the world is now beginning to see real results. So long as the Movement was merely there in a spiritual sense the world could see nothing. Now that it does, and it cannot understand what it sees, dissonant voices are beginning to sound from every side. This opposition will grow stronger and stronger. When we realise its existence we shall naturally at first be filled with a certain sorrow, but an inner power will make us able to intercede on behalf of what is to us not merely conviction, but life itself. The soul will be pervaded by an ethereal, living activity, filled with something more than the theoretical convictions of which modern man is so proud. This earnest mood of soul will bring in its train the sure confidence that the foundations of our world and our existence as human beings are able to sustain us, if we seek for them in the spiritual world. Sometimes we need this confidence more, sometimes less. If we speak of sorrow caused by the echo which our spiritual Movement finds in the world—this mood of sorrow must give birth to the mood of power derived from the knowledge that the roots of man's life are in the Spirit and that the Spirit of man will lead him out beyond all the disharmony that can only cause him pain. Strength will flow into man from this mood of power.

If in these very days one cannot help speaking of things spiritual with a sorrow even greater than that caused by the discrepancy between what we desire in our spiritual Movement and the echo it finds in the world—yet it must be said that the world's disharmonies will take a different course when men realise how human hearts can be kindled by the spiritual light for which we strive in anthroposophy. The sorrow connected with our Movement seems only slight when we look at all the sadness lying in the destiny of Europe. The words I have spoken to you are pervaded with sorrow, but they are spoken with the living conviction that whatever pain may await European humanity in a sear or distant future there may, none the less, live within us a confidence born from the knowledge that the Spirit will lead man victoriously through every wilderness. Even in these days of sorrow, in hours fraught with such gravity, we may in very truth, indeed we must, speak of the holy things of Spiritual Science, for we may believe that however dimly the sun of Spiritual Science is shining to-day, its radiance will ever increase until it is a sun of peace, of love and of harmony among men.

Grave though these words may be, they justify us in thinking of the narrower affairs of Spiritual Science with all the powers of heart and soul, when hours of ordeal are being made manifest through the windows of the world.

8. Die Schöpferische Welt der Farbe

Meine lieben Freunde! Lassen Sie uns heute die Betrachtungen, die wir hier angestellt haben über künstlerische Gegenstände, etwas fortsetzen. Es sollen ja Betrachtungen sein, die uns dienen können bei den Gedanken, mit denen wir die Arbeit, die uns hier obliegt, durchdringen müssen. Wenn wir dasjenige, was wir gewissermaßen als unsere Aufgabe, ganz primitiv erst, beginnen, mit richtigen Gedanken begleiten wollen, dann kann es von Wichtigkeit sein, manches uns vor die Seele zu führen, was aus der Betrachtung der menschlichen Kunstleistungen und ihres Zusammenhanges mit der Menschheitskultur überhaupt unsere Seele beeindrucken kann.

Herman Grimm, der geistvolle Kunstbetrachter des 19. Jahrhunderts, hat einen, man möchte sagen, radikal klingenden Ausspruch in bezug auf Goethe getan. Er hat nämlich gesagt, wann erst die Zeit kommen werde, in der die Menschheit das Allerwichtigste bei Goethe richtig einsehen würde. Er hat diesen Zeitpunkt in das Jahr 2000 verlegt. Nicht wahr, es ist noch eine hübsche Zeit, die nach dieser Anschauung verlaufen soll, bis die Menschheit soweit gekommen sein wird, daß sie, nach dieser Ansicht, das Allerwichtigste bei Goethe verstehe. Und man kann ja auch, gerade wenn man auf unsere Zeit blickt, nicht die Neigung empfinden, einem solch radikalen Ausspruch zu widersprechen. Denn was sieht Herman Grimm als das Wichtigste bei Goethe an? Nicht daß Goethe Dichter war, daß er dieses oder jenes einzelne Kunstwerk geschaffen hat, sondern, daß er alles aus dem ganzen vollen Menschen heraus geschaffen hat, so daß allen Einzelheiten seines Schaffens die Impulse des vollen Menschentums zugrunde lagen. Und man darf sagen, daß unsere Zeit recht weit entfernt ist von dem Begreifen desjenigen, was zum Beispiel eben in Goethe lebte als volles Menschentum.

Selbstverständlich will ich gar nicht, indem ich dieses ausspreche, auf die ja oftmals gerügte spezialistische Betrachtungsweise der Wissenschaft verweisen. Die spezialistische Betrachtungsweise der Wissenschaft ist auf der einen Seite eine gewisse Notwendigkeit. Aber viel eingreifender als das Spezialistentum der Wissenschaft ist etwas anderes, ist das Spezialistentum unseres Lebens! Denn dieses Spezialistentum unseres Lebens führt dahin, daß immer weniger und weniger die einzelne Seele, die in diesen oder jenen speziellen Vorstellungs- oder Empfindungskreis eingerammt ist, die Vorstellungsart einer anderen Seele, die wiederum in etwas anderem sich spezialisiert, verstehen kann. Und gewissermaßen Spezialistenseelen sind gegenwärtig alle Menschen. Ganz besonders aber tritt uns diese Anschauung von der Spezialistenseele entgegen, wenn wir die Kunstentwickelung der Menschheit betrachten. Und gerade deshalb ist es so notwendig - wenn es auch nur in primitiven Anfängen geschehen kann - , daß in einer Weise, auf die schon in früheren Vorträgen aufmerksam gemacht werden konnte, wieder eine Art von Zusammenfassung des ganzen Geisteslebens stattfindet. Und aus dieser Zusammenfassung des ganzen Geisteslebens wird dasjenige, was die künstlerische Form ist, hervorgehen.

Wir brauchen gar nicht eine sehr weit ausgreifende Betrachtung anzustellen, um das, was gesagt worden ist, zu belegen. Ich möchte, weil wir ja vielleicht uns am besten verständigen können, wenn wir von etwas Naheliegendem ausgehen, auf ein ganz kleines Stück jener völlig unverständigen und oftmals so lächerlichen Angriffe gegen unsere Geistesströmung verweisen, die gegenwärtig so zahlreich sich überall geltend machen.

Man findet es so billig, da wo man uns vor der Welt, man darf heute schon sagen, mit völlig aus der Luft Gegriffenem anschwärzen will, zugleich etwa hinzuweisen darauf, daß wir uns vergangen haben damit, daß wir da oder dort unsere Räumlichkeiten in einer Weise gestalten, wie wir das für unseren Sinn angemessen finden. Man wirft uns vor, daß wir da oder dort unsere Versammlungslokale mit farbigen Wänden auskleiden, und man ergeht sich ja hinlänglich schon über die, wie man sagt, «Wunderlichkeit» unseres Johannesbaues, von dem man behauptet, daß er für eine wirkliche Theosophie - so drückt man sich aus - doch völlig unnötig sei. Ja, man betrachtet in gewissen Kreisen eine «wahre Theosophie» als einen von allerlei dunklen Gefühlen durchzogenen Seelenmischmasch, der ein wenig schwelgt darin, daß die Seele in sich ein höheres Ich entfalten könne, dabei aber nichts anderes als egoistische Gefühle im Auge hat. Und vom Standpunkt dieses Seelenmischmasches, dieser unklaren Duselei, findet man es überflüssig, wenn sich ausleben soll das, was eine geistige Strömung ist, in der äußeren Form, wenn diese äußere Form auch eingeständlich eine anfängliche, primitive sein muß. Man denkt in diesen Kreisen, man könne ja überall, wo man sich befindet, über diesen Seelenmischmasch, über dieses unklare Duseln von dem göttlichen Ich im Menschen, schwätzen. Wozu sei es denn notwendig, daß da in Angriff genommen wird allerlei Ausleben in diesen oder jenen, wie man meint «sonderbaren» Formen?

Nun, meine lieben Freunde, es ist ja durchaus nicht die Anforderung zu stellen, daß solche Leute, die so etwas als Vorwurf drechseln, auch wirklich denken können; diese Anforderung kann man heute wirklich an die wenigsten Menschen stellen. Aber wir müssen doch über mancherlei Punkte vollständig zur Klarheit kommen, damit wir die entsprechenden Fragen in der eigenen Seele wenigstens richtig beantworten können.

Ich möchte Ihren geistigen Blick hinlenken auf einen Künstler, der zu Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts mit einer gewissen starken Begabung als zeichnender, als malender Künstler in das Kunstleben eingetreten ist: Carstens. Ich will durchaus nicht über den Wert der Carstensschen Kunst sprechen, kein Bild seines Wirkens und auch nicht seine Biographie entrollen, meine lieben Freunde, sondern ich möchte nur aufmerksam machen, daß in Carstens, wenn nicht eine große malerische, so doch eine große zeichnerische Kraft steckte. Wenn man nun in die Seele dieses Carstens hineinblickt, den Blick hinwendet auf seine künstlerische Sehnsucht, so kann man gerade bei ihm in einer gewissen Weise sehen, man möchte sagen, wo es fehlte. Er möchte den Stift ansetzen, er möchte Ideen zeichnen, malerisch verkörpern, nur ist er nicht in der Lage, in der noch, ich will sagen, Raffael oder Lionardo waren, oder, um aus dem Gebiet der Dichtkunst ein Beispiel zu geben, in der Dante war. Raffael, Lionardo, Dante sie lebten in einer vollen, in einer inhaltsvollen und zu gleicher Zeit in den Menschenseelen wirklich lebenden Kultur darinnen, in einer Kultur, die die Menschenseele umspannte. Wenn Raffael Madonnen malte, so hatte das einen tieferen Grund. Es lebte das, was eine Madonna ist, in den menschlichen Herzen, in den menschlichen Seelen, und - im edelsten Sinn sei das Wort ausgesprochen - aus der Seele des Publikums heraus strömte den Schöpfungen dieser Künstler etwas entgegen. Wenn Dante die menschliche Seele entführte bis in die geistigen Gebiete, so brauchte er doch nur seinen Inhalt, seinen Stoff zu nehmen aus demjenigen, was in gewisser Weise erklang in jeder menschlichen Seele. Man möchte sagen, diese Künstler hatten in der eigenen Seele etwas, was als Substanz in der allgemeinen Kultur vorhanden war.

Man nehme irgendein, und sei es ein noch so abgelegenes Werk der damaligen wissenschaftlichen Kultur in die Hand, man wird finden, daß für diese wissenschaftliche Kultur überall doch Anknüpfungspunkte, Hinlenkungspunkte waren zu demjenigen, was in allen Seelen, selbst bis in die untersten Kreise hinein, lebendig war. Die Gelehrten derjenigen Kulturkreise, aus denen Raffael seine Madonnen schuf, standen der Idee der Madonna durchaus anerkennend und so gegenüber, daß diese Idee der Madonna in ihnen lebte. Und so erscheinen die Schöpfungen der Kunst wie ein Ausdruck des allgemeinen, einheitlichen Geisteslebens.

Das ist, was in einem einzelnen Menschen wiederum bei Goethe aufgetreten ist, in der Weise, wie es an der Wende des 18. zum 19. Jahrhundert sein konnte. Das ist es, was in unserer Zeit so wenig verstanden wird, daß Herman Grimm, wie gesagt, das Jahr 2000 abwarten wollte, bis einigermaßen ein solches Verständnis sich wiederum für die Welt eröffnet.

Fragen wir aber wieder bei Carstens an. Er nimmt Homers Ilias, und dasjenige, was er da liest an Vorgängen, das prägt er dann den Formen, die sein Stil schafft, ein. Ja, denken Sie, wie anders das 18. Jahrhundert und der Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts zu den Gestalten Homers stand als etwa die Seele des Raffael zu den Gestalten der Madonna oder der anderen Motive dieser Zeit! Man möchte sagen, der Inhalt der Kunst war für die großen Epochen der Kunst ein selbstverständlicher, weil er aus dem floß, was die Herzen der Menschen im Innersten bewegte. Im 19. Jahrhundert begann die Zeit, wo der Künstler erfahren mußte, die Inhalte dessen, was er schaffen wollte, zu suchen. Wir haben es schnell erlebt, daß der Künstler gewissermaßen zu einer Art KulturEremit geworden ist, der es im Grunde genommen nur mit sich selbst zu tun hat, bei dem man sich fragt: Wie ist das Verhältnis zu seiner Gestaltenwelt bei ihm selber? Man könnte die ganze Geschichte der malerischen Kunst des 19. Jahrhunderts aufrollen, um zu sehen, wie in dieser Beziehung der Fortgang ist.

Und so ist es dann gekommen, daß jenes nicht nur kühle, sondern kalte Verhältnis der Menschheit zur Kunst eingetreten ist, das gegenwärtig besteht. Man denke sich heute einen Menschen in einer modernen Stadt, der durch eine Bildergalerie oder Bilderausstellung geht. Ja, meine lieben Freunde, da schaut nicht aufihn dasjenige, was seine Seele bewegt, womit er innerlich vertraut ist, sondern da schaut etwas ihm entgegen, was, radikal ausgedrückt, in einem gewissen Sinne für ihn zu einer Summe von Rätseln wird, die er erst lösen kann, wenn er sich einigermaßen vertieft in das besondere Verhältnis, das dieser oder jener Künstler zur Natur oder zu irgend etwas anderem hat. Da stehen wir vor lauter individuellen Rätseln oder Aufgaben. Und während man glaubt - das ist das Bedeutsame an der Sache -, während man glaubt, künstlerische Rätsel zu lösen, löst man eigentlich im höchsten Maße fortwährend unkünstlerische Aufgaben, nämlich psychologische Aufgaben der Art, wie der oder jener Künstler heute die Natur anschaut, oder Aufgaben der Weltanschauung, oder dergleichen Aufgaben, die aber gar nicht in Betracht kommen, wenn man sich in die großen Kunstepochen vertieft. Dagegen kommen dort wirkliche Künstlerische Auf gaben in Betracht, auch für den Beschauer, wirkliche ästhetische Aufgaben, weil das Wie etwas ist, was dem Künstler zu schaffen macht, während das Was nur die Substanz ist, etwas ist, was ihn umfließt, in das er eingetaucht ist. Man könnte in gewissem Sinne sagen: Unsere Künstler sind gar keine Künstler mehr, sie sind Weltbetrachter von ihrem besonderen Standpunkt aus, und was sie da beschauen, was ihnen da auffällt, je nach ihrem Temperament, das gestalten sie. Das sind aber psychologische Weltanschauungsaufgaben, Aufgaben der Geschichtsbetrachtung und so weiter, während das Wesentliche der künstlerischen Wie-Betrachtung etwas ist, was unserer Zeit fast vollständig abhanden gekommen ist und vielfach fehlt das Herz für solche künstlerische WieBetrachtung.

Ein gut Stück Schuld an alledem, worauf mit diesen wenigen Worten aufmerksam gemacht werden sollte, hat unsere vom Grunde aus theoretische Weltanschauung. So praktisch die Menschen in bezug auf Industrie, Technik, kommerzielle Verhältnisse geworden sind, so eminent theoretisch sind sie in bezug auf ihr Denken über die Welt geworden, in bezug auf die Vorstellungen, die sie sich über die Welt machen. Eine Brücke zwischen dem, was zum Beispiel unsere heutige Wissenschaft betrachtet, und dem, was der Künstler von seiner Höhe aus als seine Weltbetrachtung hat, ist nicht nur schwer zu schlagen, sondern es haben auch die wenigsten das Bedürfnis, sie zu schlagen. Und ein Wort, wie das von Goethe: Kunst ist die Manifestation geheimer Naturgesetze, die ohne sie niemals zum Ausdruck kommen könnten - ist für unsere Zeit völlig unverständlich, wenn auch dieser oder jener glaubt, es zu verstehen. Denn unsere Zeit hält fest an den alleräußerlichsten, den allerabstraktesten Naturgesetzen, an den Naturgesetzen, die sich schon, man möchte sagen, an das Mathematische, an das abstrakteste Mathematische überall anlehnen, und will nicht gelten lassen irgendeine Vertiefung in die Wirklichkeit, die über das Abstrakt-Mathematische, oder das, was dem Abstrakt-Mathematischen ähnlich gebildet ist, hinausgeht. Und so ist es denn kein Wunder, wenn unserer Zeit eigentlich verlorengegangen ist jenes lebendige Element der Seele, welches in den Weltzusammenhängen wirksam jene Substantialität empfindet, die herausquellen muß aus diesen Weltenzusammenhängen, wenn Kunst entstehen soll.

Aus wissenschaftlichen Begriffen, auch aus den abstrakt-theosophischen Begriffen wird sich niemals eine Kunst, höchstens ein stroherner Allegorismus oder ein steifer Symbolismus entwickeln lassen, aber keine Kunst. Dasjenige, was die heutige Zeit denkt, was Vorstellung über die Welt ist, ist an sich schon unkünstlerisch, strebt danach, unkünstlerisch zu werden.

Die Farben - was sind sie für unsere wissenschaftliche Betrachtung geworden? Schwingungen des Abstraktesten in der Materie, des Äthers; Schwingungen des Äthers von soundsoviel Wellenlänge und so weiter. Man stelle sich nur einmal vor,-wie weit die Wellen des schwingenden Äthers, die heute unsere Wissenschaft sucht, von dem unmittelbar Lebendigen der Farben entfernt sind. Wie ist es da anders möglich, als daß man eigentlich völlig vergißt, auf dieses Lebendige, auf dieses Unmittelbare der Farbe, wirklich zu achten. Wir haben bereits zum Schlüsse der letzten hier angestellten Betrachtung darauf hingewiesen, wie dieses Element des Farbigen im Grunde genommen ein flutend Lebendiges ist, in dem wir auch lebendig mit unserer Seele darinnen leben. Und hingewiesen habe ich darauf, daß eine Zeit kommen wird, in der man den lebendigen Zusammenhang der flutenden Farbenwelt mit dem, was sich äußerlich als gefärbte Wesen und Gegenstände zeigt, wiederum einsehen wird.

Dem Menschen ist das deshalb schwer, meine lieben Freunde, weil der Mensch aus dem Grunde, daß er während der Erdenevolution sein Ich auszubilden hat, aus diesem flutenden Farbenmeer gleichsam zu einer reinen Ich-Betrachtung heraufgestiegen ist. Mit dem Ich erhebt sich der Mensch aus dem flutenden Farbenmeer, die Tierwelt steht noch voll darinnen. Daß das eine oder andere Tier dieses oder jenes, grünes, braunes, rotes, schwarzes, weißes Gefieder oder Wollhaar hat, das hängt zusammen mit dem ganzen Verhältnis der Seele dieses Tieres zu dem flutenden Farbenmeer. So wie wir die äußeren Gegenstände mit unserem Ich betrachten, so betrachtet das Tier diese Gegenstände mit seinem Astralleib und es fließt in diesen Astralleib das ein, was an Kräften in den Gruppenseelen der Tiere vorhanden ist. Unsinn ist es, zu glauben, daß das Tier - auch die höheren Tiere - die Welt so sieht, wie der Mensch sie sieht. Aber völlig unverständlich ist in diesem Punkt das Richtige dem Gegenwartsmenschen, der glaubt, wenn er bei einem Pferde steht, daß das Pferd ihn genauso sieht, wie er das Pferd sieht. Was ist natürlicher für den Gegenwartsmenschen, als zu glauben, daß, weil das Pferd Augen hat, das Pferd ihn geradeso sieht, wie er das Pferd. Und doch ist dies eben ein völliger Unsinn. Denn geradesowenig, wie der Mensch ohne Hellsehen einen Engel sieht, würde das Pferd ohne Hellsehen einen Menschen sehen, denn der Mensch ist für das Pferd einfach nicht da als physisches Wesen, sondern nur als geistiges Wesen, und nur weil das Pferd mit einem gewissen Hellsehen begabt ist, nimmt das Pferd das über ihm stehende Menschenwesen wie etwas Engelhaftes wahr. Was das Pferd an dem Menschen sieht, ist etwas ganz anderes, als was wir an dem Pferde sehen. Wie wir Menschen herumwandeln, sind wir auch für die höheren Tiere recht gespenstige Wesen. Wenn einmal die Tiere reden könnten, nicht so, wie man jetzt die Tiere «sprechen» läßt, sondern in ihrer eigenen Sprache, dann würde man schon sehen, daß es dem Tier gar nicht einfällt, die Menschen als gleichartige Wesen zu betrachten, sondern als höherstehende, als gespensterartige Wesen. Und wenn wir die Menschen als aus Fleisch und Blut bestehend ansehen, so machen die Tiere es ganz gewiß nicht so. Wenn man das indessen ausspricht heute, so Klingt das für die Gehirne der Gegenwart selbstverständlich wie der reinste Unsinn. So weit ist die Gegenwart von der Wahrheit entfernt.

In das Tier flutet herein durch seinen eigentümlichen Zusammenhang zwischen Astralleib und Gruppenseele, die Empfänglichkeit für das lebendig Schöpferische der Farbe. Und geradeso, wie wir einen Gegenstand, der in uns Begierde erregt, anschauen und dann den Gegenstand ergreifen mit einer Bewegung der Hand, so ist es beim Tier in seinem Gesamtorganismus so, daß das unmittelbar Schöpferische in der Farbe einen Eindruck auf die Begierde macht, und das fließt wieder in die Federn oder Wolle hinein und das färbt das Tier. Ich habe es schon im vorigen Vortrag ausgesprochen, daß unsere Zeit nicht einmal einsehen kann, warum der Eisbär weiß ist. Aber die weiße Farbe ist das Ergebnis aus seiner Umgebung heraus, und daß der Eisbär sich «weißt», bedeutet bei ihm auf einer anderen Stufe ungefähr dasselbe gegenüber der Begierde, wie wenn der Mensch mit einer Bewegung die Hand ausstreckt und eine Rose pflückt. Das lebendige Produkt der Umgebung wirkt auf den Eisbären so, daß es in ihm Triebhaftes auslöst und er sich «durchweißt».

Für den Menschen ist eben dieses lebendige Weben und Wesen im Farbigen dadurch in die Untergründe gegangen, daß er sein Ich auszubilden begonnen hat. Niemals hätte der Mensch sein Ich ausbilden können, wenn er so lebendig in dem Farbenmeer drinnengeblieben wäre, daß er zum Beispiel über dem Eindruck einer gewissen Röte, sagen wir der Morgenröte, den Trieb entwickeln würde, diese Morgenröte produktiv-imaginativ einzuprägen gewissen Teilen seiner Haut. Solches war noch der Fall während der alten Mondenzeit. Da wirkte die Betrachtung von einem solchen Naturschauspiel wie Morgenröte noch so, daß sie das, was dazumal der Mensch war, beeindruckte und die Widerspiegelung des Eindrucks in die Eigenfärbung gleichsam zurückgeworfen wurde, die Wesenheit des damaligen Menschen durchdrang und sich dann nach außen wiederum an gewissen Stellen seines Leibes ausdrückte. Dieses Mitleben mit der Farbe, dieses lebendige Drinnenstehen mit dem Leibe in dem flutenden Farbenmeer, das mußte für den Menschen während seiner Erdenzeit verlorengehen, damit er in seinem Ich seine eigene Weltanschauung entwikkeln könne. Und der Mensch mußte in seiner Gestalt neutral werden gegenüber dem flutenden Farbenmeer. Die Hautfarbe des Menschen, so wie sie auftritt in den gemäßigten Zonen, ist im wesentlichen der Ausdruck des Ich, der Ausdruck der absoluten Neutralität gegenüber den äußeren flutenden Farbenwellen, sie ist eine Folge des Emporsteigens über das flutende Farbenmeer. Aber nehmen wir schon die primitivste Erkenntnis, die wir auf dem Boden der Geisteswissenschaft gewonnen haben, meine lieben Freunde, so werden wir uns erinnern, daß es des Menschen Aufgabe ist, den Weg wiederum zurückzufinden.

Physischer Leib, Ätherleib und Astralleib, sie haben sich ausgebildet während der Saturn-, Sonnen- und Mondenzeit, das Ich während der Erdenzeit. Der Mensch muß aber - wie dies in meiner «Theosophie» auseinandergesetzt ist - die Möglichkeit finden, den Astralleib wiederum zu vergeistigen, wiederum zu durchdringen mit dem, was das Ich sich erarbeitet. Und indem der Mensch den Astralleib vergeistigt und so den Weg zurückfindet, muß er wiederum finden das flutende Farbenwellen und Farbenwogen, aus dem er emporgestiegen ist zu der Höhe des Ich, so wie der Mensch, wenn er aus dem Meer emporsteigt, um sich herum dasjenige schaut, was draußen ist und nicht mehr das, was die Wellen unten selber besorgen.

Wir leben wirklich schon in einer Zeit, in der beginnen muß - wenn nicht das Mitleben des Menschen mit der Welt überhaupt absterben soll - dieses Untertauchen in die geistigen Fluten der Naturgewalten, das heißt der hinter der Natur liegenden Geistgewalten. Wir müssen wiederum die Möglichkeit gewinnen, nicht bloß die Farben anzuschauen und sie da oder dort als Äußeres aufzustreichen, sondern wir müssen die Möglichkeit gewinnen, mit der Farbe wirklich zu leben, die innere Lebekraft der Farbe mitzuerleben. Entdecken müssen wir die innere Lebekraft des Farbigen. Das können wir nicht, wenn wir bloß malerisch studieren, wie diese oder jene Farbe da oder dort spielt, indem wir die Farbe anglotzen, das können wir nur, wenn wir wiederum untertauchen mit der Seele in die Elementargewalten des Farbigen, in die Art, wie Rot, wie Blau zum Beispiel flutet, wenn uns das Farbenfluten unmittelbar lebendig wird. Wir können es nur, meine lieben Freunde, wenn wir in die Lage kommen, dasjenige, was in der Farbe ist, so zu beleben, daß wir nicht etwa Farbensymbolik treiben - das wäre natürlich der verkehrteste Weg -, sondern daß wir das, was schon in der Farbe ist, was in der Farbe drinnen ist - wie in dem Menschen, der lacht, die Kraft des Lachens drinnen ist -, wirklich entdecken. Das können wir aber nur - da das eben eingetreten ist, worauf aufmerksam gemacht worden ist, daß der Mensch mit seinem Ich gleichsam emporgestiegen ist auch aus der flutenden Farbenwelt, wenn wir den Weg zurücksuchen zur flutenden Farbenwelt. Wenn der Mensch heute nichts anderes erlebt, als, ich will sagen, hier rot [es wurde an die Tafel zu zeichnen begonnen], so wie man heute die Empfindung des Roten oftmals hat, und hier blau - die Farben sind schlecht, aber ich habe keine besseren -, wenn der Mensch das Rot und das Blau so erlebt, daß er einfach empfindet: hier die rote, hier die blaue Fläche, dann kann er niemals vorrücken zu dem lebendigen Miterleben mit dem eigentlichen Wesen des Farbigen. Noch weniger kann er es natürlich, wenn er das Sinnliche in verstandesmäßiger Weise umdeutete und hinter dem Rot diese, hinter dem Blau jene Symbole empfindet. Das würde noch weniger zum Erfassen des Farbenelementes führen. Dasjenige, worum es sich handelt, das ist, daß wir unsere ganze Seele hinzugeben verstehen demjenigen, was aus der Farbe zu uns spricht. Dann werden wir, indem wir dem Rot gegenübertreten, etwas empfinden wie ein Aggressives gegenüber uns selbst, etwas, was uns entgegengeht, etwas, was uns attackiert. Da kommt es heraus, was das Rot ist, da kommt es auf uns zu. Wenn alle Damen rot gekleidet wären und so herumgingen auf der Straße, so würde derjenige, der eine feine Empfindung für das Rot hat, ganz im Stillen glauben können, daß sie alle über ihn herfallen könnten, schon wegen ihrer Kleidung. Das Rot hat also etwas Aggressives, etwas uns Entgegenkommendes. Das Blau hat etwas, was von uns fortgeht, was uns verläßt, dem wir mit einer gewissen Wehmut, vielleicht mit Sehnsucht nachblicken.

Wie weit man in der Gegenwart schon entfernt ist von einem solch lebendigen Verständnis des Farbigen, das kann aus dem ersehen werden, worauf ich schon aufmerksam gemacht habe: Bei dem ausgezeichneten Künstler Hildebrand wird ausdrücklich hervorgehoben, daß man ja die Farbe eben an der Fläche habe, und daß man weiter nichts habe; daß da nichts wäre als eben die mit der Farbe überstrichene Fläche und daß das mit der Farbe etwas anderes wäre als mit einer Form, die uns zum Beispiel Distanzen wiedergibt. Die Farbe gibt uns aber mehr als Distanzen. Und daß das selbst ein Künstler wie Hildebrand nicht empfindet, das muß man als ein tiefes Symptom für die ganze Art der Farbenbetrachtung in unserer Gegenwart anschauen. Es ist unmöglich, in die lebendige Natur der Farbe sich einzuleben, wenn man nicht übergehen kann von der Ruhe unmittelbar zur Bewegung, wenn man nicht unmittelbar sich klar ist über das Gefühl: die rote Scheibe hier kommt auf dich zu, die blaue entfernt sich von dir; sie bewegen sich in entgegengesetzter Richtung. [Siehe die Farbtafel I]

Und man kommt immer weiter, wenn man sich vertieft in dieses Lebendige der Farbe. Man kommt dazu, einzusehen, daß, wenn wir der Farbe glauben und zum Beispiel zwei farbige Kugeln von dieser Art hätten, wir uns gar nicht mehr vorstellen könnten, daß diese zwei Kugeln ruhig stehenbleiben; das kann gar nicht vorgestellt werden. Es ist schon eine Ertötung des lebendigen Empfindens, wenn das vorgestellt wird, denn die lebendige Empfindung geht unmittelbar dazu über, daß sich die rote und die blaue Kugel umeinander drehen, die eine auf den Betrachter zu, die andere von dem Betrachter weg. Und dasjenige, was an einer Figur rot gemalt ist, im Gegensatz zu dem, was blau gemalt ist, das stellt sich so zu dem Blau, daß wirklich durch die Farbe selbst Leben und Bewegung in das Figurale kommt und aufgenommen, meine lieben Freunde, wird das Figurale in die lebendige Welt dadurch, daß es in Farben leuchtet.

Wenn Sie Formen vor sich haben, so ist die Form allerdings das Ruhende, die Form bleibt stehen, sie steht da. Aber in dem Moment, wo die Form Farbe hat, hebt sich durch die innere Bewegung der Farbe die Form aus der Ruhe heraus, und es geht der Wirbel der Welt, der Wirbel der Geistigkeit durch die Form hindurch. Färben Sie eine Form, so beleben Sie sie unmittelbar mit dem, was in der Welt Seele, Weltenseele ist, weil die Farbe nicht der Form allein gehört, weil die Farbe, die Sie der einzelnen Form erteilen, diese Form hineinstellt in den ganzen Zusammenhang ihrer Umgebung, ja, in den ganzen Zusammenhang der Welt. Man möchte sagen, man muß empfinden, wenn man eine Form färbt: Jetzt gehst du der Form entgegen so, daß du sie mit Seele begabst. - Seele hauchen Sie ein der toten Gestalt, wenn Sie sie mit Farben beleben.

Man braucht nur ein wenig näherzutreten diesem lebendigen inneren Weben der Farben, dann wird man empfinden, wie wenn man nicht gerade sich ihnen unmittelbar gegenüberstellte, sondern als wenn man etwas darüber- oder darunterstehe und wie selber wiederum die Farbe innerlich lebendig wird. Für den Abstraktling, für denjenigen, der die Farbe anglotzt und sie nicht lebendig durchlebt, kann sich eine rote Kugel um eine blaue herumbewegen, und er hat nicht das Bedürfnis, irgendwie die Bewegung zu ändern. Er mag ein großer Mathematikus, ein so großer Metaphysikus als möglich sein, aber mit der Farbe versteht er nicht zu leben, weil die Farbe wie ein Totes für ihn von einem Ort zum andern geht. Das tut sie nicht in Wirklichkeit, wenn man mit ihr lebt: Die Farbe strahlt, sie ändert sich in sich, und es wird unmittelbar eine Farbe, wie das Rot, wenn sie schreitet, sich bewegt, etwas vor sich hertreiben wie Orangeaura, wie Gelbaura, wie Grünaura. [Es wurde gezeichnet.] Und bewegt sich die andere, die blaue Farbe, so wird sie vor sich hertreiben anderes. - Es ist leider nicht möglich hier, weil ich die Farben nicht habe, in entsprechender Weise das wirklich vollständig genau zu zeichnen, genau zu machen. [Siehe die Farbtafel I]

So haben Sie hier eine Art von Farbenspiel. Sie haben dasjenige, was, man möchte sagen, wird, wenn man die Farben miterlebt: daß das Rot wie attackierend, daß das Blau wie weggehend ist, daß man das Rot empfindet wie etwas, vor dem man davonlaufen möchte, dem man ausweichen möchte, das Blau wie etwas, dem man mit Sehnsucht nachgeht. Und könnte man unmittelbar dasjenige, was ich hier in primitiver Form entworfen habe, empfinden an der Farbe, könnte man es miterleben mit der Farbe, daß Rot und Blau in der geschilderten Weise lebendig und beweglich wird, so würde man tatsächlich auch innerlich mit dem lebendig sich bewegenden Farbenflutigen mitgehen, man würde die wie im Wirbel übereinander sich lagernden Attacken und Sehnsuchten, das Fliehen und das hingebungsvolle Gebet, die hintereinander vorübergehen, gleichzeitig in seiner Seele nachempfinden.

Und würde man dies, in künstlerischer Weise selbstverständlich ausgeführt, zu einem Detail machen an einer Formgestalt, so würde man diese Formgestalt, die als Formgestalt ruhend ist, der Ruhe entreißen. In dem Augenblick, wo man zum Beispiel hier sich vorstellt, es wäre Formgestalt, und man würde das darauf malen, so würde man, während die Form ruhig vor einem steht, hier ein lebendiges Weben haben, das nicht bloß der Gestalt angehört, das aber den Kräften und dem webenden Wesen um die Gestalt herum mit angehört; das würde man haben. Man entreißt dadurch durch Seele - das Materielle der Gestalt seiner bloßen Ruhe, seiner bloßen Gestaltigkeit.

Es mußte einmal so etwas, möchte man sagen, von den schöpferischen Elementarmächten der Welt in diese Welt hineingemalt werden; denn all das, was der Mensch empfangen soll an Sehnsuchtsgewalten, ist etwas, was sich etwa in dem Blauen ausleben könnte. Das muß der Mensch auf der einen Seite so in seinem Haupte tragen, daß es gestaltend ist, und alles das, was in dieser roten Hälfte ausgedrückt ist, das muß der Mensch so haben, daß es aus seinem Organismus hinaufflutet bis zum Gehirn. Und diese zwei Strömungen sind tätig im menschlichen Gehirnbau. Äußerlich die Welt - das, nach dem der Mensch Sehnsucht hat, und das immer überflutet wird durch das, was aus dem eigenen Leibe aufwärtsflutet. Bei Tage ist es so, daß dasjenige, was hier in der blauen Hälfte ist, stärker flutet als dasjenige, was in der rot-gelben Hälfte ist. Bei Nacht ist es umgekehrt mit dem menschlichen physischen Organismus. Und ein getreues Abbild von diesem hier ist das, was wir gewöhnlich die zweiblättrige Lotosblume nennen, die tatsächlich ebensolche Beweglichkeit und ebensolche Farbigkeit zeigt für den Betrachter. Und niemand wird je das, was in der Gestaltenwelt als das Produktive lebt, als der obere Teil des menschlichen Hauptes, richtig durchschauen können, wenn er nicht imstande ist, dieses verborgene Farbenfluten, das beim Menschen eben «verborgenes» Farbenfluten ist, wiederum zu verfolgen.

Das Heizhaus beim Goetheanum, von Südwesten
Farbtafel I
Farbtafel zum Vortrag 26, Juli 1914, nach der Tafelskizze von Rudolf Steiner,
in Aquarell ausgeführt von Hilde Boos-Hamburger

Es muß, meine lieben Freunde, das Bestreben der Kunst werden, wieder in das elementare Leben unterzutauchen. Die Kunst hat lange genug die Natur angeschaut, studiert, lange genug versucht, allerlei Rätsel der Natur zu lösen und in den Kunstwerken dasjenige in einer anderen Form wiederzugeben, was durch das Eindringen in die Natur geschaut werden kann. Dasjenige aber, was in den Elementen lebt, das ist auch der heutigen Kunst noch ein Totes. Die Luft ist tot, das Wasser, das Licht, so wie sie heute gemalt werden, sind tot, die Form, so wie sie heute von der Skulptur geboten wird, ist tot. Eine neue Kunst wird aufgehen, wenn die Menschenseele lernen wird, sich in das Elementare, das lebendig ist, zu versenken und zu vertiefen. Man kann gegen das polemisieren, man kann meinen, daß man das nicht solle: da polemisiert aber nur die menschliche Trägheit dagegen. Denn entweder wird der Mensch sich mit seinem vollen Menschentum einleben in das Elementarische, die Elementargewalten, wird Geist und Seele des Äußeren aufnehmen und in der Kunst zum Ausdruck bringen, oder es wird die Kunst immer mehr und mehr zu der Eremitenarbeit der einzelnen Seele werden, wodurch ja recht Interessantes für die Psychologie dieser oder jener Seele zum Vorschein kommen kann, wodurch aber niemals das erreicht werden wird, was die Kunst einzig und allein erreichen kann. Man redet noch sehr, sehr von Zukunft, wenn man diese Dinge ausspricht, meine lieben Freunde, aber dieser Zukunft, ihr müssen wir gleichsam entgegensehen mit dem durch die Geisteswissenschaft befruchteten Auge, sonst sehen wir nur in das Tote, Absterbende der Menschheitszukunft hinein.

Deshalb muß ein innerer Zusammenhang gesucht werden zwischen alledem, was auf unserem Boden an Formen und Farben geschaffen wird, und demjenigen, was unsere Seele im allertiefsten Innern bewegt als unsere geistige Erkenntnis, als dasjenige, was für uns im Geiste lebt, so wie in Raffael die Madonnen lebten und er deshalb der Künstler der Madonnen werden konnte. Weil die Madonnen in ihm lebten, so in ihm lebten, wie sie lebten bei dem Gelehrten, bei dem Ackerbauer, bei dem Handwerker seiner Zeit, deshalb wurde er der wirkliche Künstler der Madonnen. Nur wenn es uns gelingt, lebendig in die Formen hineinzubringen, rein künstlerisch, ohne Symbolik, ohne Allegorie, dasjenige, was in unserer Weltanschauung lebt, nicht als abstrakte Gedanken, nicht als tote Erkenntnis, nicht als abstraktes Wissen, sondern als lebendige Substanz der Seele, dann ahnen wir etwas von dem, was mit dieser Kunstentwickelung, auf die eben hingedeutet worden ist, eigentlich gemeint ist.

Daher muß eine Einheit sein, wie sie etwa, man möchte sagen, durch ein besonderes Karma bei Goethe vorhanden war, zwischen dem, was äußerlich geschaffen wird und demjenigen, was die Seele in ihrem tiefsten Wesen durchdringt. Brücken müssen geschlagen werden zwischen dem, was für viele heute noch abstrakte Idee ist in dem Inhalt der Geisteswissenschaft, und demjenigen, was aus unserer Hand, aus unserem Meißel, aus unserem Pinsel herauskommt. An dem Schaffen dieser Brücken hindert heute eine vielfach äußerliche, eine abstrakte Kultur, die nicht lebendig werden läßt, was gedacht wird. Dann ist es begreiflich, daß der durchaus unbegründete Glaube auftaucht, daß geistige Erkenntnis das Künstlerische ertöten könnte. Sie hat es gewiß in vielem ertötet durch all das tote Allegorisieren und Symbolisieren, all das Nachfragen: Was bedeutet dieses, was bedeutet jenes? - Ich habe schon darauf aufmerksam gemacht, daß man nicht immer fragen soll: was bedeutet dieses, was bedeutet jenes - so wenig wie der Kehlkopf etwas «bedeutet», so wenig wir nach seiner »Bedeutung« zu fragen haben -, sondern so, wie man wissen muß, daß er das lebendige Organ ist für die menschliche Sprache, so müssen wir das, was in den Formen, was in den Farben lebt, als das lebendige Organ der geistigen Welt betrachten. Solange wir uns auf unserem Boden noch nicht gründlich abgewöhnt haben, nach Symbolen und Allegorien zu suchen und immer noch fragen, was bedeutet das und jenes, solange wir noch Mythen und Sagen allegorisch und symbolisch auslegen, statt den lebendigen Hauch des durch den ganzen Kosmos webenden Geistes zu verspüren und einzusehen, wie lebendig eindringt in die Gestalten der Mythen- und Märchenwelt das, was im Kosmos lebt, solange kommen wir nicht zur wahren geistigen Erkenntnis.

Aber ein Anfang muß gemacht werden! Er wird unvollkommen sein. Niemand soll glauben, daß wir den Anfang schon als das Vollkommene ansehen. Aber der Einwand, daß dasjenige, was mit unserem Bau gewollt wird, nichts zu tun habe mit dieser Geistesströmung, ist ebenso töricht wie manche andere Einwände, die die Gegenwart gegen unsere Geistesströmung macht. Was die Leute meinen behaupten zu können, das wissen wir schon selber. Daß all das Gefasel vom «höheren Ich», all die Gefühlsduselei, die von der «Vergöttlichung der Menschenseele» redet, daß all das selbstverständlich auch unter den gegenwärtigen äußeren Formen gefaselt werden kann, das, meine lieben Freunde, wissen wir schon auch. Und daß man auch, um Geisteswissenschaft in ihrem ideellen und begrifflichen Charakter zu treiben, überall sich befinden könne, das wissen wir selbstverständlich auch. Daß aber Geisteswissenschaft, lebendig in die Seelen ergossen, eine Umgebung fordert, die anders ist als diejenige, die von einer absterbenden Kultur geschaffen wird, das wissen wir darüber hinaus. Und jene Binsenwahrheit, daß man auch in anderen Zimmern als denjenigen, die mit unseren Formen lebendig sind, im ideellen Sinne Geisteswissenschaft treiben könne, das braucht uns wahrhaftig nicht von der äußeren Welt erst zugerufen zu werden.

Aber ernst, ernster und immer ernster, meine lieben Freunde, muß dasjenige werden, was als das Ideal unserer Geisteswissenschaft uns in die Seele sich ergießen muß. Und wir brauchen noch vieles, um diesen Ernst, diese Triebkraft, diese innere seelische Triebkraft voll und ganz in uns aufzunehmen. Leicht kann man über diese Geisteswissenschaft und ihr Ausleben in der äußeren Welt so sprechen, daß man dadurch nicht im geringsten das Wesen und den Nerv dieser Geisteswissenschaft trifft. Wenn man jetzt oftmals sieht, wie die stärksten Angriffe formiert werden gegen unsere geistige Strömung, wie sie gleichsam nur so auf uns niederhageln, dann hat man eine merkwürdige Empfindung. Man liest diese oder jene Angriffe und man muß sich sagen, wenn man bei gesunden Sinnen ist: Was wird denn da eigentlich geschildert? Allerlei Phantastereien werden geschildert, die nicht das geringste mit uns zu tun haben! Und die werden dann angegriffen. So wenig Sinn ist in der Welt dafür vorhanden, ein neues geistiges Element aufzunehmen, daß diese Welt eine nicht ähnliche, sondern ganz unähnliche Karikatur entwirft und dann von dieser unähnlichen Karikatur spricht und gegen sie zu Felde zieht. Es gibt sogar Menschen, die verlangen, man solle das Zeug widerlegen. Man kann sich dagegen wenden, aber man kann nicht widerlegen irgend etwas, was sich jemand ausdenkt und was gar keine Ähnlichkeit hat mit dem, was wirklich vorhanden ist. Aber welcher Sinn für Wahrheit und Wahrhaftigkeit solchen Dingen zugrunde liegt, darauf müssen wir wohl in unseren Seelen achten, meine lieben Freunde, denn dadurch können wir stark werden in demjenigen, was uns aus der Geisteswissenschaft ersprießen soll, was aus der Geisteswissenschaft, ich möchte sagen, sich verleiblichend, äußerlich im materiellen Dasein zutage treten soll. Daß die Welt nicht toleranter, nicht verständiger geworden ist, zeigt sich gerade in der Stellung, die die Welt heute gegenüber dieser Geisteswissenschaft einnimmt. Nicht verständiger, nicht toleranter ist die Welt geworden.

Vielleicht bei nichts mehr als bei dem Vertiefen in solche Probleme, wie das Farbenproblem ist, können wir sozusagen unser intimeres Zusammenschließen der Seele mit der Geisteswissenschaft feiern. Denn indem wir das Lebendige der Farbenfluten selbst miterleben, gelangen wir wirklich, man möchte sagen, aus unserer eigenen Gestalt heraus und erleben mit das kosmische Leben. Farbe ist Seele der Natur und des ganzen Kosmos, und wir nehmen Anteil an dieser Seele, indem wir das Farbige miterleben.

Solche Hindeutungen möchte ich heute gemacht haben, um das nächste Mal weiter noch in das Wesen der Farbenwelt und das Wesen der Malerei einzugehen.

Meine lieben Freunde, ich mußte gerade diese Betrachtungen etwas durchsetzen mit einigen Hinweisen auf die ja von allen Seiten jetzt so über uns hereinkommenden Angriffe, die von einer Welt kommen, die nun wirklich eigentlich im Grunde genommen nichts von dem verstehen kann, um was es sich in unserer geisteswissenschaftlichen Bewegung handelt. Man möchte nur wünschen, meine lieben Freunde, daß diejenigen, die innerhalb unserer Bewegung stehen, gerade durch eine Vertiefung nach allen Seiten, in der Richtung unserer Geistesströmung die Möglichkeit finden, zurechtzukommen gegenüber einer Tatsache, die ja wirklich eigentlich symptomatisch ist in unserer Zeit: das Hereinbrechen von Unwahrhaftigkeit und Unwahrheit in der Auffassung desjenigen, was versucht, sich in die geistige Welt hineinzustellen. An uns wird es gewiß nicht liegen, unsere geistige Strömung wie etwas Eremitisches von der Welt abzuschließen; soviel die Welt davon haben will, wird sie haben können. Aber das, was sie wird nehmen müssen, wenn sie verstehen will unsere Richtung, das ist das Einheitliche in der ganzen Menschennatur, wodurch jede Einzelheit der menschlichen Leistung aus dieser ganzen Menschennatur hervorgeht.

Dasjenige, was ich gesagt habe, habe ich im Grunde genommen auch nicht als Angriff auf die Gegenwart gesagt, sondern ich habe es mit einer gewissen Wehmut gesagt, weil man sieht, daß, je weiter sich unser Wollen und unser Streben in unserer Strömung ausbreitet, um so böswilliger wirklich, vielleicht nicht bewußt, aber mehr oder weniger unbewußt böswillig - sich die Gegenkräfte erheben. Und noch nicht genugsam erfaßt und verbreitet ist ja auch in unseren Reihen die Art, wie man solche Dinge zu beurteilen hat, wie man doch auf den Standpunkt ernsthaftig sich zu stellen hat, daß etwas Neues, ein neuer Anfang mit unserer Bewegung zunächst wenigstens gemeint ist. Was über das «Meinen» hinausliegt, es wird gewiß kommen. Auch wir können mit unserem Bau doch nur etwas «meinem». Diejenigen, die mehr können werden als «meinem» in dieser Richtung, sie werden kommen, wenn auch vielleicht um die Zeit erst, von der Herman Grimm annimmt, daß man Goethe in vollem Sinne verstehen werde. Zum Verständnis eines solchen Satzes, wie dem von Herman Grimm, gehört eine gewisse Bescheidenheit, und die hat ja auch das Geistesleben der Gegenwart wenig. Geisteswissenschaft ist recht geeignet, uns diese Bescheidenheit, zugleich mit dem Ernst der Sache, in der Seele nahezubringen.

Einen betrübenden Eindruck macht dasjenige, was gerade jetzt von allen Seiten gegen unsere Geistesströmung auftritt, da die Welt anfängt, etwas davon zu sehen. Solange sie bloß geistig da war, konnte die Welt nichts sehen; jetzt, da sie etwas sehen kann, was sie nicht versteht, jetzt fängt sie an, ich möchte sagen, aus allen Löchern heraus ihre mißtönenden Klänge zu blasen. Und das wird immer stärker und stärker werden. Aber - machen wir uns das klar -, wenn wir auch allerdings zunächst mit Wehmut, mit einer gewissen Wehmut erfüllt werden, so wird uns doch die Kraft wachsen, einzutreten für das, was wir nicht bloß als Überzeugung, sondern als Leben aufnehmen, und auch dadurch wird Ätherisch-Lebendiges die Menschenseele durchdringen. Und was leben wird in der Menschenseele, wird noch mehr sein als theoretische Überzeugung, auf die die Gegenwartsmenschen heute noch so stolz sind. Derjenige, der solchen Ernst in seine Seele auf nimmt, der wird mit diesem Ernst auch die Zuversicht aufnehmen, daß die Wurzeln unserer Welt, daß die Wurzeln unseres Menschendaseins, wenn sie im Geistigen gesucht werden, uns tragen können. Und man braucht in der einen Zeit mehr, in der anderen weniger, meine lieben Freunde, eine solche Zuversicht. Und ist es Wehmut, von der gesprochen werden kann, wenn man von dem Verhältnis unserer Geistesströmung zu dem Echo, das sie in der Welt findet, spricht, ist das Wehmut, so muß aus der Stimmung dieser Wehmut die Stimmung der Kraft hervorgehen, von der Ihnen gesprochen worden ist, die aus der Erkenntnis stammt, daß des Menschen Lebensquellen im Geiste sind, und daß der Geist den Menschen herausführen wird aus all dem, worüber er, als über Disharmonie, nur Wehmut empfinden kann. Aus dieser Stimmung der Kraft wird man auch Stärke empfangen können.

Mußte man von geistigen Angelegenheiten vielleicht ja gerade heute, meine lieben Freunde, mit einer noch größeren Wehmut in der Brust sprechen, als die Wehmut ist, die eben jetzt wegen der Diskrepanz zwischen dem, was wir in unserer geistigen Bewegung wollen, und dem, was als Echo aus der Welt ihr entgegentönt, in uns fließt: es werden die Disharmonien der Welt in anderer Weise ablaufen, wenn die Menschheit einmal einsehen wird, was das geistige Licht vermag in den Menschenherzen anzuzünden, das wir mit unserer Geisteswissenschaft meinen. Und wenn wir auf das hinblicken, was einen heute mit Wehmut in den Geschicken Europas erfüllt, dann ist die Wehmut gegenüber unserer Bewegung nur eine kleine.

Wie von solcher Wehmut durchdrungen, im Grunde genommen wie von Wehmut durchbebt, habe ich diese Worte zu Ihnen gesprochen, aber zugleich durchdrungen von der lebendigen Überzeugung, daß, was auch in naher oder ferner Zeit an Schmerzlichem der europäischen Menschheit bevorstehen mag, in uns doch die Zuversicht leben kann, die hervorgeht aus der lebendigen Erkenntnis, daß der Geist den Menschen durch alle Wirmisse siegreich hindurchführen wird. Wahrhaftig, wir dürfen auch in Tagen der Wehmut, in Stunden, die ein so ernstes Gesicht uns zeigen wie diese, ja, wir dürfen nicht nur, wir müssen von den heiligen Angelegenheiten unserer Geisteswissenschaft sprechen. Denn den Glauben dürfen wir haben, daß, so klein sich die Sonne dieser Geisteswissenschaft heute noch zeigt, sie wachsen und immer mehr wachsen wird und immer leuchtender und leuchtender werden wird, eine Friedenssonne, eine Sonne der Liebe und Harmonie über die Menschen hin.

Das sind auch ernste Worte, meine lieben Freunde, aber solche, die uns berechtigen, an die engeren Angelegenheiten der Geisteswissenschaft gerade dann so recht seelenhaft, so recht herzhaft zu denken, wenn Stunden des Ernstes zu unseren Fenstern hineinschauen.

8. The Creative World of Color

My dear friends! Let us continue today with the reflections we have made here on artistic objects. These should be reflections that can serve us in the thoughts with which we must permeate the work that is incumbent upon us here. If we want to accompany what we are beginning, in a very primitive way, as our task, with the right thoughts, then it may be important to bring to our minds certain things that can impress our souls from the consideration of human artistic achievements and their connection with human culture in general.

Herman Grimm, the witty art critic of the 19th century, made a statement about Goethe that one might call radical. He said that the time would come when humanity would truly understand the most important thing about Goethe. He predicted that this would happen in the year 2000. It is still quite some time, according to this view, before humanity will have progressed to the point where it will understand what is most important in Goethe. And when we look at our own time, we cannot help but agree with such a radical statement. For what does Herman Grimm consider to be the most important thing about Goethe? Not that Goethe was a poet, that he created this or that individual work of art, but that he created everything from the whole of his humanity, so that all the details of his work were based on the impulses of his full humanity. And it is fair to say that our time is quite far removed from understanding what, for example, lived in Goethe as full humanity.

Of course, in saying this, I do not want to refer to the often-criticized specialist approach of science. On the one hand, the specialist approach of science is a certain necessity. But much more intrusive than the specialization of science is something else, namely the specialization of our lives! For this specialization in our lives leads to a situation where the individual soul, which is rammed into this or that particular circle of ideas or feelings, is less and less able to understand the way of thinking of another soul, which in turn specializes in something else. And in a sense, all people today are specialist souls. But this view of the specialist soul is particularly striking when we consider the development of art in humanity. And that is precisely why it is so necessary — even if it can only happen in primitive beginnings — that a kind of synthesis of the whole spiritual life takes place again, in a way that has already been pointed out in earlier lectures. And from this synthesis of the whole spiritual life will emerge that which is the artistic form.

We do not need to go into great detail to prove what has been said. Since we can perhaps best understand each other if we start from something obvious, I would like to refer to a very small part of those completely incomprehensible and often ridiculous attacks against our spiritual movement, which are currently so numerous everywhere.

It is considered so cheap, where people want to denigrate us in front of the world with completely unfounded accusations, to point out at the same time that we have transgressed by designing our premises here and there in a way that we consider appropriate to our sensibilities. We are accused of decorating our meeting rooms here and there with colored walls, and people already talk at length about the so-called “strangeness” of our Johannesbau, which they claim is completely unnecessary for real Theosophy, as they put it. Yes, in certain circles, “true theosophy” is regarded as a mishmash of souls permeated by all kinds of dark feelings, which revels a little in the idea that the soul can develop a higher self within itself, but has nothing else in mind but selfish feelings. And from the standpoint of this soul mishmash, this unclear sentimentality, it is considered superfluous to express what is a spiritual current in its outer form, even if this outer form must admittedly be an initial, primitive one. In these circles, people think that wherever they are, they can chat about this soul mishmash, about this vague dithering about the divine self in human beings. Why, then, is it necessary to engage in all kinds of expression in these or those forms, which are considered “strange”?

Well, my dear friends, it is by no means necessary to demand that such people, who make such accusations, should actually be capable of thinking; today, very few people can be expected to do so. But we must nevertheless achieve complete clarity on a number of points, so that we can at least answer the relevant questions correctly in our own souls.

I would like to direct your spiritual gaze to an artist who entered the art world at the end of the 18th century with a certain strong talent as a draughtsman and painter: Carstens. I do not wish to discuss the value of Carstens' art, nor to unfold a picture of his work or his biography, my dear friends, but I would just like to draw your attention to the fact that Carstens possessed, if not great painterly power, then at least great power as a draughtsman. If one now looks into the soul of this Carstens, turns one's gaze to his artistic longing, one can see in a certain way, one might say, where it was lacking. He wanted to put pen to paper, he wanted to draw ideas, to embody them in painting, but he was not capable of doing so in the way that, let us say, Raphael or Leonardo were, or, to give an example from the field of poetry, Dante was. Raphael, Leonardo, Dante—they lived in a culture that was full, rich in content, and at the same time truly alive in the souls of human beings, in a culture that encompassed the human soul. When Raphael painted Madonnas, there was a deeper reason for it. What a Madonna is lived in human hearts, in human souls, and – in the noblest sense of the word – something flowed out of the soul of the audience towards the creations of these artists. When Dante carried the human soul away into the spiritual realms, he only needed to take his content, his material, from what resounded in a certain way in every human soul. One might say that these artists had something in their own souls that was present as substance in the general culture.

Take any work of the scientific culture of that time, no matter how remote, and you will find that this scientific culture had points of contact and points of reference everywhere to what was alive in all souls, even in the lowest circles. The scholars of the cultural circles from which Raphael created his Madonnas were so appreciative of the idea of the Madonna that this idea lived within them. And so the creations of art appear as an expression of the general, unified spiritual life.

This is what occurred in an individual human being in Goethe, in the way that it could at the turn of the 18th to the 19th century. This is what is so little understood in our time that Herman Grimm, as I said, wanted to wait until the year 2000, until such an understanding would open up again for the world to some extent.

But let us return to Carstens. He takes Homer's Iliad, and what he reads there in terms of events, he then imprints on the forms created by his style. Yes, think how different the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century were in their attitude to Homer's characters than, for example, Raphael's soul was to the figures of the Madonna or other motifs of that time! One might say that the content of art was self-evident for the great epochs of art because it flowed from what moved people's hearts in their innermost being. The 19th century marked the beginning of a period in which artists had to search for the content of what they wanted to create. We quickly saw that artists had become, in a sense, a kind of cultural hermit, who was basically only concerned with themselves, and one wonders: What is their relationship to their own world of figures? One could unroll the entire history of 19th-century painting to see how this relationship has progressed.

And so it came to pass that humanity's relationship to art became not just cool, but cold, as it is today. Imagine a person in a modern city today walking through an art gallery or exhibition. Yes, my dear friends, what looks back at him is not something that moves his soul, something he is familiar with inwardly, but something that, to put it bluntly, in a certain sense becomes a sum of riddles for him, which he can only solve if he delves somewhat deeply into the particular relationship that this or that artist has with nature or with something else. We are faced with a multitude of individual riddles or tasks. And while one believes—and this is the significant thing—while one believes one is solving artistic riddles, one is actually, to the highest degree, continuously solving non-artistic tasks, namely psychological tasks of the kind that this or that artist today views nature, or tasks of worldview, or similar tasks, which, however, do not come into consideration at all when one delves into the great epochs of art. In contrast, real artistic tasks come into consideration there, also for the viewer, real aesthetic tasks, because the how is something that the artist has to create, while the what is only the substance, something that flows around him, in which he is immersed. In a certain sense, one could say: our artists are no longer artists at all; they are observers of the world from their particular point of view, and what they observe, what strikes them, depending on their temperament, is what they create. But these are psychological tasks of worldview, tasks of historical observation and so on, while the essence of artistic observation of the how is something that has almost completely disappeared from our time, and in many cases the heart for such artistic observation of the how is lacking.

A good part of the blame for all this, which should be pointed out in these few words, lies with our fundamentally theoretical worldview. As practical as people have become in terms of industry, technology, and commercial conditions, they have become eminently theoretical in terms of their thinking about the world, in terms of the ideas they form about the world. Not only is it difficult to build a bridge between what, for example, our science today considers and what the artist has as his view of the world from his lofty position, but very few people feel the need to build such a bridge. And a statement such as Goethe's – that art is the manifestation of secret laws of nature that could never be expressed without it – is completely incomprehensible to our age, even if some people believe they understand it. For our age clings to the most external, the most abstract laws of nature, to the laws of nature that already one might say, on mathematics, on the most abstract mathematics, and does not want to accept any deepening of reality that goes beyond the abstract-mathematical, or that which is formed in a similar way to the abstract-mathematical. And so it is no wonder that our age has actually lost that living element of the soul which, in the context of the world, effectively senses the substantiality that must spring from these world contexts if art is to arise.

Scientific concepts, even abstract theosophical concepts, will never give rise to art, at most to straw allegorism or stiff symbolism, but not art. What today's world thinks, what it imagines about the world, is in itself unartistic, striving to become unartistic.

Colors—what have they become in our scientific view? Vibrations of the most abstract in matter, of the ether; vibrations of the ether of such-and-such a wavelength, and so on. Just imagine how far removed the waves of the vibrating ether, which our science seeks today, are from the immediate liveliness of colors. How is it possible, then, not to completely forget to really pay attention to this liveliness, to this immediacy of color? At the end of the last consideration made here, we already pointed out how this element of color is, in essence, a flowing liveliness in which we also live vividly with our soul. And I pointed out that a time will come when people will once again understand the living connection between the flowing world of colors and what appears externally as colored beings and objects.

This is difficult for human beings, my dear friends, because, in order to develop their ego during earthly evolution, they have, as it were, risen from this flowing sea of color to a pure contemplation of the ego. With the ego, human beings rise out of the flowing sea of colors, while the animal world still stands fully within it. The fact that one animal or another has green, brown, red, black, or white plumage or woolly hair is connected with the whole relationship of that animal's soul to the flowing sea of colors. Just as we observe external objects with our ego, so the animal observes these objects with its astral body, and the forces present in the group souls of animals flow into this astral body. It is nonsense to believe that animals – even higher animals – see the world as humans see it. But what is completely incomprehensible in this regard is the belief of modern man that when he stands next to a horse, the horse sees him in the same way that he sees the horse. What could be more natural for modern man than to believe that because the horse has eyes, the horse sees him just as he sees the horse? And yet this is complete nonsense. For just as humans without clairvoyance cannot see angels, horses without clairvoyance cannot see humans, because humans simply do not exist for horses as physical beings, but only as spiritual beings, and only because horses are gifted with a certain clairvoyance do they perceive the human beings above them as something angelic. What the horse sees in humans is something completely different from what we see in horses. As we humans walk around, we are also quite ghostly beings to higher animals. If animals could talk, not in the way we now make animals “speak,” but in their own language, then we would see that it does not occur to animals to regard humans as beings of the same kind, but as higher, ghost-like beings. And while we regard humans as consisting of flesh and blood, animals certainly do not do so. However, when one expresses this today, it naturally sounds like pure nonsense to the minds of the present. That is how far the present is from the truth.

Through its peculiar connection between the astral body and the group soul, the animal is flooded with receptivity to the living creativity of color. And just as we look at an object that arouses desire in us and then grasp the object with a movement of the hand, so it is with the animal in its entire organism that the immediate creativity in color makes an impression on desire, and that flows back into the feathers or wool and colors the animal. I already said in my previous lecture that our age cannot even understand why the polar bear is white. But the white color is the result of its environment, and the fact that the polar bear “whitens” itself means, on a different level, roughly the same thing in relation to desire as when a human being reaches out with a movement of the hand and picks a rose. The living product of the environment has such an effect on the polar bear that it triggers an instinctive urge in it and it “whitens” itself.

For humans, this living weaving and being in color has gone into the background because they have begun to develop their ego. Humans would never have been able to develop their ego if they had remained so alive in the sea of colors that, for example, they would develop the urge to imprint this dawn productively and imaginatively on certain parts of their skin through the impression of a certain redness, let's say the dawn. This was still the case during the ancient lunar era. At that time, the contemplation of a natural spectacle such as the dawn still had such an effect that it impressed what human beings were at that time, and the reflection of the impression was, as it were, thrown back into their own coloring, permeating the essence of the human beings of that time and then expressing itself outwardly in certain parts of their bodies. This living with color, this living with the body in the flowing sea of color, had to be lost to humans during their time on earth so that they could develop their own worldview in their ego. And humans had to become neutral in their form toward the flowing sea of color. The skin color of human beings, as it appears in the temperate zones, is essentially the expression of the ego, the expression of absolute neutrality toward the external waves of color; it is a consequence of rising above the sea of color. But if we take even the most primitive insight we have gained on the basis of spiritual science, my dear friends, we will remember that it is the task of the human being to find his way back.

The physical body, etheric body, and astral body developed during the Saturn, Sun, and Moon periods, and the I developed during the Earth period. But human beings must—as explained in my Theosophy—find a way to spiritualize the astral body again, to permeate it once more with what the I has acquired. And as human beings spiritualize the astral body and thus find their way back, they must again find the flowing waves and surges of color from which they rose to the height of the ego, just as human beings, when they rise from the sea, see around them what is outside and no longer what the waves themselves are doing below.

We are truly already living in a time when this immersion in the spiritual floods of the forces of nature, that is, the spiritual forces behind nature, must begin if human beings are not to die out altogether. We must regain the ability not only to look at colors and paint them here and there as something external, but we must regain the ability to truly live with color, to experience the inner life force of color. We must discover the inner life force of color. We cannot do this by merely studying how this or that color plays here or there, by staring at the color; we can only do this by immersing our souls in the elemental forces of color, in the way red or blue, for example, floods in, when the flood of color becomes immediately alive to us. We can only do this, my dear friends, if we are able to enliven what is in color in such a way that we do not engage in color symbolism — that would of course be the wrong way — but that we truly discover what is already in color, what is inside color — just as in a person who laughs, the power of laughter is inside. But we can only do this – since what has just been pointed out has come to pass, that the human being with his ego has, as it were, risen above the flowing world of colors – if we seek the way back to the flowing world of colors. If people today experience nothing other than, let's say, red here [drawing began on the blackboard], as one often experiences the sensation of red today, and blue here — the colors are poor, but I have no better ones — if people experience red and blue in such a way that they simply feel: here the red, here the blue surface, then they can never advance to a living experience of the actual essence of color. Of course, they can do so even less if they reinterpret the sensual in an intellectual way and perceive these symbols behind the red and those behind the blue. That would lead even less to an understanding of the color element. What matters is that we know how to devote our whole soul to what speaks to us from the color. Then, when we face the red, we will feel something aggressive towards ourselves, something that comes towards us, something that attacks us. That is what the red is, that is what comes towards us. If all the ladies were dressed in red and walking around on the street, someone with a keen sensitivity to red might quietly believe that they could all attack him, simply because of their clothing. Red therefore has something aggressive about it, something that comes towards us. Blue has something that moves away from us, that leaves us, that we look after with a certain melancholy, perhaps with longing.

How far we are today from such a lively understanding of color can be seen from what I have already pointed out: The distinguished artist Hildebrand expressly emphasizes that color is simply on the surface and that there is nothing else; that there is nothing but the surface covered with color and that color is something different from a form that, for example, conveys distances to us. But color gives us more than distances. And the fact that even an artist like Hildebrand does not perceive this must be seen as a profound symptom of the whole way in which color is viewed in our time. It is impossible to become attuned to the living nature of color if one cannot move directly from stillness to movement, if one is not immediately clear about the feeling: the red disc here is coming toward you, the blue one is moving away from you; they are moving in opposite directions. [See color plate I]

And one goes further and further when one delves deeper into this liveliness of color. One comes to realize that if we believe in color and had, for example, two colored spheres of this kind, we could no longer imagine these two spheres standing still; that is simply inconceivable. It is a killing of the living sensation when this is imagined, because the living sensation immediately transitions to the red and blue spheres revolving around each other, one toward the observer, the other away from the observer. And that which is painted red on a figure, in contrast to that which is painted blue, relates to the blue in such a way that life and movement really come into the figurative through the color itself, and, my dear friends, the figurative is absorbed into the living world by shining in colors.

When you have forms in front of you, the form is indeed static, the form remains stationary, it stands there. But the moment the form has color, the inner movement of the color lifts the form out of its stillness, and the whirlwind of the world, the whirlwind of spirituality, passes through the form. When you color a form, you immediately enliven it with what is soul, world soul, in the world, because color does not belong to form alone, because the color you give to the individual form places that form in the whole context of its surroundings, indeed, in the whole context of the world. One might say that when you color a form, you must feel that you are approaching the form in such a way that you are endowing it with soul. You breathe soul into the dead form when you enliven it with colors.

One need only approach this lively inner weaving of colors a little more closely, and then one will feel as if one were not standing directly opposite them, but rather as if one were standing slightly above or below them, and how the color itself becomes alive again internally. For the abstract thinker, for those who stare at color and do not experience it vividly, a red sphere can move around a blue one, and they feel no need to change the movement in any way. They may be great mathematicians, great metaphysicians, but they do not know how to live with color, because color moves from one place to another as if it were dead. In reality, this is not what happens when you live with color: color radiates, it changes within itself, and it immediately becomes a color, such as red, when it moves, drives something before it, such as an orange aura, a yellow aura, a green aura. [It was drawn.] And when the other color, blue, moves, it drives other colors before it. Unfortunately, it is not possible here, because I do not have the colors, to draw this in a truly complete and accurate manner, to make it precise. [See color chart I]

So here you have a kind of play of colors. You have what one might say happens when one experiences the colors: that the red is like attacking, that the blue is like receding, that one perceives the red as something one wants to run away from, something one wants to avoid, and the blue as something one pursues with longing. And if you could immediately feel what I have sketched here in primitive form in the color, if you could experience it with the color, that red and blue become alive and mobile in the manner described, then you would actually go along internally with the lively, moving flood of colors, one would simultaneously feel in one's soul the attacks and longings, the fleeing and the devoted prayer, which pass one after the other, layered on top of each other as if in a whirlpool.

And if one were to make this, executed artistically of course, into a detail of a form, one would snatch this form, which is resting as a form, from its rest. The moment one imagines, for example, that it is a form, and one were to paint it, then, while the form stands calmly before one, one would have a living weaving here that does not merely belong to the form, but also belongs to the forces and the weaving essence around the form; that is what one would have. Through the soul, one thus snatches the materiality of the form from its mere tranquility, its mere form.

One might say that something like this had to be painted into this world by the creative elemental forces of the world; for all that human beings are to receive in terms of powers of longing is something that could be lived out in the blue, for example. On the one hand, man must carry this in his head in such a way that it is formative, and everything that is expressed in this red half must be such that it flows up from his organism to his brain. And these two currents are active in the structure of the human brain. Outwardly, the world — that which human beings long for, and which is always flooded by that which flows upward from their own bodies. During the day, that which is here in the blue half flows more strongly than that which is in the red-yellow half. At night, it is the opposite with the human physical organism. And a faithful reflection of this is what we usually call the two-petaled lotus flower, which actually shows the same mobility and colorfulness to the observer. And no one will ever be able to truly understand what lives in the world of forms as the productive part, as the upper part of the human head, if they are not able to follow this hidden flood of colors, which in humans is precisely a “hidden” flood of colors.

Color chart for lecture 26, July 1914
Color chart I
Color chart for lecture 26, July 1914, based on the sketch by Rudolf Steiner,
executed in watercolor by Hilde Boos-Hamburger

My dear friends, art must strive to immerse itself once more in elemental life. Art has looked at and studied nature long enough, tried long enough to solve all kinds of nature's mysteries and to reproduce in works of art, in a different form, what can be seen by penetrating nature. But what lives in the elements is still dead in today's art. The air is dead, the water, the light, as they are painted today, are dead, the form, as it is offered today by sculpture, is dead. A new art will arise when the human soul learns to immerse itself in the elemental, which is alive, and to deepen itself. One can argue against this, one can think that one should not do so: but it is only human laziness that argues against it. For either human beings will settle into the elemental, the elemental forces, with their full humanity, will take in the spirit and soul of the external world and express it in art, or art will increasingly become the hermit's work of the individual soul, whereby something quite interesting may come to light for the psychology of this or that soul, but whereby what art alone can achieve will never be attained. My dear friends, when we speak of these things, we are still talking very much about the future, but we must look toward this future with eyes fertilized by spiritual science, otherwise we will see only the dead and dying future of humanity.

Therefore, an inner connection must be sought between all that is created on our soil in forms and colors and that which moves our soul in its deepest depths as our spiritual knowledge, as that which lives for us in the spirit, just as the Madonnas lived in Raphael and he was therefore able to become the artist of the Madonnas. Because the Madonnas lived in him, lived in him as they lived in the scholar, the farmer, the craftsman of his time, he became the true artist of the Madonnas. Only when we succeed in bringing to life in the forms, purely artistically, without symbolism, without allegory, that which lives in our worldview, not as abstract thoughts, not as dead knowledge, not as abstract knowledge, but as the living substance of the soul, then we can sense something of what is actually meant by this development of art that has just been pointed out.

Therefore, there must be a unity, such as one might say existed in Goethe through a special karma, between what is created externally and what permeates the soul in its deepest essence. Bridges must be built between what for many today is still an abstract idea in the content of spiritual science and what comes out of our hands, our chisels, our brushes. Today, the creation of these bridges is hindered by a culture that is often external and abstract, which does not allow what is thought to come to life. It is therefore understandable that the completely unfounded belief arises that spiritual knowledge could kill artistic creativity. It has certainly killed it in many ways through all the dead allegorizing and symbolizing, all the questioning: What does this mean, what does that mean? I have already pointed out that one should not always ask: what does this mean, what does that mean—just as the larynx does not “mean” anything, so we do not have to ask about its “meaning”—but just as we must know that it is the living organ for human speech, so we must regard what lives in forms and colors as the living organ of the spiritual world. As long as we have not thoroughly weaned ourselves from searching for symbols and allegories and still ask what this and that means, as long as we still interpret myths and legends allegorically and symbolically, instead of feeling the living breath of the spirit weaving through the entire cosmos and realizing how vividly what lives in the cosmos penetrates the figures of the world of myths and fairy tales, we will not attain true spiritual knowledge.

But a start must be made! It will be imperfect. No one should believe that we already regard the beginning as perfect. But the objection that what we intend with our building has nothing to do with this spiritual movement is just as foolish as many other objections that the present day makes against our spiritual movement. We already know what people think they can claim. We also know, my dear friends, that all the drivel about the “higher self,” all the sentimentalism that speaks of the “deification of the human soul,” can of course also be rambled on about in the current external forms. And we also know, of course, that one can be anywhere in order to pursue spiritual science in its ideal and conceptual character. But we also know that spiritual science, poured alive into the soul, requires an environment that is different from that created by a dying culture. And that truism that spiritual science can also be practiced in rooms other than those that are alive with our forms, in the ideal sense, truly does not need to be shouted at us from the outside world.

But what must pour into our souls as the ideal of our spiritual science must become serious, more serious, and ever more serious, my dear friends. And we still need much in order to fully absorb this seriousness, this driving force, this inner spiritual driving force. It is easy to talk about this spiritual science and its expression in the outer world in such a way that one does not in the least touch on the essence and spirit of this spiritual science. When one now often sees how the strongest attacks are being formed against our spiritual movement, how they are, as it were, raining down on us, one has a strange feeling. One reads this or that attack and, if one is in their right mind, one has to ask oneself: What is actually being described here? All kinds of fantasies are being described that have nothing whatsoever to do with us! And these are then attacked. There is so little sense in the world for taking in a new spiritual element that this world creates not a similar, but a completely dissimilar caricature, and then speaks of this dissimilar caricature and campaigns against it. There are even people who demand that this stuff be refuted. One can oppose it, but one cannot refute something that someone has thought up and that bears no resemblance to what really exists. But we must pay attention in our souls to the sense of truth and truthfulness that underlies such things, my dear friends, for through this we can become strong in what is to spring from spiritual science, what is to emerge from spiritual science, I might say, in a physical form, outwardly in material existence. The fact that the world has not become more tolerant or more understanding is evident precisely in the position that the world takes today toward this spiritual science. The world has not become more understanding or more tolerant.

Perhaps in nothing more than in delving into problems such as the problem of color can we celebrate, so to speak, our more intimate union of the soul with spiritual science. For by experiencing the liveliness of the floods of color ourselves, we truly, one might say, step out of our own form and experience cosmic life. Color is the soul of nature and of the entire cosmos, and we participate in this soul by experiencing color.

I would like to make these remarks today in order to delve further into the nature of the world of colors and the nature of painting next time.

My dear friends, I had to intersperse these reflections with a few references to the attacks that are now coming at us from all sides, attacks that come from a world that, when it comes down to it, really cannot understand anything about what our spiritual science movement is all about. One can only hope, my dear friends, that those who are part of our movement will find, precisely through a deepening of their understanding in all directions, in the direction of our spiritual current, the possibility of coming to terms with a fact that is truly symptomatic of our time: the intrusion of untruthfulness and falsehood into the conception of what is attempting to establish itself in the spiritual world. It will certainly not be up to us to shut our spiritual current off from the world like some kind of hermitage; the world can have as much of it as it wants. But what it will have to take if it wants to understand our direction is the unity in the whole of human nature, through which every detail of human achievement emerges from this whole human nature.

What I have said, I have not said as an attack on the present, but I have said it with a certain sadness, because we see that the further our will and our striving spread in our stream, the more maliciously—perhaps not consciously, but more or less unconsciously maliciously—the opposing forces rise up. And the way in which such things should be judged, how one should seriously take the point of view that something new, a new beginning, is meant with our movement, at least for the time being, has not yet been sufficiently grasped and disseminated in our ranks. What lies beyond “my” understanding will certainly come. We, too, can only “understand” something with our construction. Those who will be able to do more than “intend” in this direction will come, even if perhaps only at the time when, according to Herman Grimm, Goethe will be understood in the full sense. Understanding a sentence like Herman Grimm's requires a certain modesty, and that is something that is lacking in the intellectual life of the present. Spiritual science is well suited to instilling this modesty in our souls, along with a sense of the seriousness of the matter.

What is currently being said against our intellectual movement from all sides is distressing, now that the world is beginning to see something of it. As long as it existed only intellectually, the world could see nothing; now that it can see something it does not understand, it is beginning, I might say, to blow its discordant notes from every orifice. And this will become stronger and stronger. But – let us be clear about this – even if we are initially filled with melancholy, with a certain melancholy, we will nevertheless grow in strength to stand up for what we accept not merely as a conviction, but as life itself, and through this, too, the etheric-living will permeate the human soul. And what will live in the human soul will be even more than the theoretical conviction of which people today are still so proud. Those who take such seriousness into their souls will also take on the confidence that the roots of our world, the roots of our human existence, when sought in the spiritual, can sustain us. And, my dear friends, we need such confidence more in some times and less in others. And if there is melancholy to speak of when we speak of the relationship between our spiritual current and the echo it finds in the world, it is a melancholy then the mood of this melancholy must give rise to the mood of strength that has been spoken of to you, which comes from the realization that the sources of human life are in the spirit, and that the spirit will lead human beings out of all that they can only feel melancholy about as disharmony. From this mood of strength, one will also be able to receive strength.

Perhaps today, my dear friends, we must speak of spiritual matters with even greater melancholy in our hearts than the melancholy that flows within us right now because of the discrepancy between what we want in our spiritual movement and what echoes back to us from the world: the disharmonies of the world will unfold in a different way once humanity realizes what the spiritual light that we mean by our spiritual science can ignite in human hearts. And when we look at what fills us with melancholy today in the fate of Europe, then the melancholy we feel toward our movement is only a small one.

Imbued with such melancholy, indeed shaken by melancholy, I have spoken these words to you, but at the same time imbued with the living conviction that, whatever painful events may lie ahead for the European people in the near or distant future, we can still live in confidence, which springs from the living knowledge that the spirit will lead human beings victoriously through all adversities. Truly, even in days of melancholy, in hours that show us such a serious face as these, we may not only speak of the sacred matters of our spiritual science, we must speak of them. For we may have faith that, however small the sun of this spiritual science may still appear today, it will grow and grow ever more, and become ever brighter and brighter, a sun of peace, a sun of love and harmony shining upon humanity.

These are also serious words, my dear friends, but they are words that entitle us to think about the more intimate matters of spiritual science in a truly soulful and heartfelt way, especially when hours of seriousness look in through our windows.