Discussions with Teachers
GA 295
7 September 1919, Stuttgart
Closing Words
Today I would like to conclude these discussions by pointing out something I want to lay upon your hearts: that I would like you to stick firmly to the following four principles.
First, teachers must make sure that they influence and work on their pupils, in a broader sense, by allowing the spirit to flow through their whole being as teachers, and also in the details of their work: how each word is spoken, and how each concept or feeling is developed. Teachers must be people of initiative. They must be filled with initiative. Teachers must never be careless or lazy; they must, at every moment, stand in full consciousness of what they do in the school and how they act toward the children. This is the first principle. The teacher must be a person of initiative in everything done, great and small.
Second, my dear friends, we as teachers must take an interest in everything happening in the world and in whatever concerns humankind. All that is happening in the outside world and in human life must arouse our interest. It would be deplorable if we as teachers were to shut ourselves off from anything that might interest human beings. We should take an interest in the affairs of the outside world, and we should also be able to enter into anything, great or small, that concerns every single child in our care. That is the second principle. The teacher should be one who is interested in the being of the whole world and of humanity.
Third, the teacher must be one who never compromises in the heart and mind with what is untrue. The teacher must be true in the depths of being. Teachers must never compromise with untruth, because if they did, we would see how untruth would find its way through many channels into our teaching, especially in the way we present the subjects. Our teaching will only bear the stamp of truth when we ardently strive for truth in ourselves.
And now comes something more easily said than done, but it is, nevertheless, also a golden rule for the teacher’s calling. The teacher must never get stale or grow sour. Cherish a mood of soul that is fresh and healthy! No getting stale and sour! This must be the teacher’s endeavor.
And I know, my dear friends, that if during these two weeks you have properly received into your inner life what we were able to shed light on from the most diverse viewpoints, then indirectly, through the realms of feeling and will, what may still seem remote will come closer to your souls as you work with the children in the classroom. During these two weeks I have spoken only of what can enter directly into your practical teaching when you first allow it to work properly within your own souls. But our Waldorf school, my dear friends, will depend on what you do within yourselves, and whether you really allow the things we have considered to become effective in your own souls.
Think of the many things I have tried to clarify in order to come to a psychological view of the human being, especially of the growing human being. Remember these things. And maybe there will be moments when you feel unsure about how or when to bring one thing or another into your teaching, or where to introduce it, but if you remember properly what has been presented during these two weeks, then thoughts will surely arise in you that will tell you what to do. Of course many things should really be said many times, but I do not want to make you into teaching machines, but into free independent teachers. Everything spoken of during the past two weeks was given to you in this same spirit. The time has been so short that, for the rest, I must simply appeal to the understanding and devotion you will bring to your work.
Turn your thoughts again and again to all that has been said that can lead you to understand the human being, and especially the child. It will help you in all the many questions of method that may arise.
When you look back in memory to these discussions, then our thoughts will certainly meet again in all the various impulses that have come to life during this time. For myself, I can assure you that I will also be thinking back to these days, because right now this Waldorf school is indeed weighing heavily on the minds of those taking part in its beginning and organization. This Waldorf school must succeed; much depends on its success. Its success will bring a kind of proof of many things in the spiritual evolution of humankind that we must represent.
In conclusion, if you will allow me to speak personally for a moment, I would like to say: For me this Waldorf school will be a veritable child of concern. Again and again I will have to come back to this Waldorf school with anxious, caring thoughts. But when we keep in mind the deep seriousness of the situation, we can really work well together. Let us especially keep before us the thought, which will truly fill our hearts and minds, that connected with the present day spiritual movement are also the spiritual powers that guide the cosmos. When we believe in these good spiritual powers they will inspire our lives and we will truly be able to teach.
Schlußworte
Heute möchte ich nun diese Betrachtungen schließen, indem ich Sie noch einmal hinweise auf das, was ich Ihnen gewissermaßen ans Herz legen möchte. Das ist, daß Sie wirklich an vier Dinge sich halten:
Erstens daran, daß der Lehrer im großen und auch im einzelnen in der ganzen Durchgeistigung seines Berufes und in der Art, wie er das einzelne Wort spricht, den einzelnen Begriff, jede einzelne Empfindung entwickelt, auf seine Schüler wirke! Daß der Lehrer ein Mensch der Initiative sei, daß er Initiative habe! Daß er niemals lässig werde, das heißt, nicht voll dabei sei bei dem, was er in der Schule tut, wie er sich den Kindern gegenüber benimmt. Das ist das erste: Der Lehrer sei ein Mensch der Initiative im großen und im kleinen Ganzen.
Das zweite, meine lieben Freunde, ist, daß wir als Lehrer Interesse haben müssen für alles dasjenige, was in der Welt ist und was den Menschen angeht. Für alles Weltliche und für alles Menschliche müssen wir als Lehrer Interesse haben. Uns irgendwie abzuschließen für etwas, was für den Menschen interessant sein kann, das würde, wenn es beim Lehrer Platz griffe, höchst bedauerlich sein. Wir sollen uns für die großen Angelegenheiten der Menschheit interessieren. Wir sollen uns für die großen und kleinsten Angelegenheiten des einzelnen Kindes interessieren können. Das ist das zweite: Der Lehrer soll ein Mensch sein, der Interesse hat für alles weltliche und menschliche Sein.
Und das dritte ist: Der Lehrer soll ein Mensch sein, der in seinem Inneren nie ein Kompromiß schließt mit dem Unwahren. Der Lehrer muß ein tiefinnerlich wahrhaftiger Mensch sein. Er darf nie Kompromisse schließen mit dem Unwahren, sonst werden wir sehen, wie durch viele Kanäle Unwahrhaftiges, besonders in der Methode, in unseren Unterricht hereinkommt. Unser Unterricht wird nur dann eine Ausprägung des Wahrhaftigen sein, wenn wir sorgfältig darauf bedacht sind, in uns selbst das Wahrhaftige anzustreben.
Und dann etwas, was leichter gesagt als bewirkt wird, was aber doch auch eine goldene Regel für den Lehrerberuf ist: Der Lehrer darf nicht verdorren und nicht versauern. Unverdorrte frische Seelenstimmung! Nicht verdorren und nicht versauern! Das ist dasjenige, was der Lehrer anstreben muß.
Und ich weiß, meine lieben Freunde, wenn Sie das, was wir in diesen vierzehn Tagen von den verschiedensten Seiten her beleuchtet haben, richtig aufgenommen haben in Ihre Seelen, dann wird gerade auf dem Umweg durch die Empfindungs- und Willenswelt das scheinbar Fernliegende Ihnen sehr nahekommen, indem Sie den Unterricht ausüben. Ich habe gerade in diesen vierzehn Tagen nichts anderes gesagt, als was im Unterricht unmittelbar dann praktisch werden kann, wenn Sie es in Ihren Seelen wirken lassen. Aber unsere Waldorfschule wird darauf angewiesen sein, meine lieben Freunde, daß Sie so in Ihrem eigenen Inneren verfahren, daß Sie wirklich die Dinge, die wir jetzt durchgenommen haben, in Ihren Seelen wirksam sein lassen.
Denken Sie an manches, was ich versucht habe klarzumachen, um ein Begreifen des Menschen, namentlich des werdenden Menschen, psychologisch herbeizuführen, denken Sie an manches zurück! Und wenn Sie nicht wissen, wie Sie das eine oder andere im Unterricht vorzubringen haben, oder wann Sie es vorzubringen haben, an welcher Stelle, dann wird Ihnen überall ein Gedanke kommen können über solche Einrichtungen des Unterrichts, wenn Sie sich an das richtig erinnern, was in diesen vierzehn Tagen vorgekommen ist. Natürlich müßte vieles viele Male mehr gesagt werden, aber ich möchte ja aus Ihnen auch nicht lehrende Maschinen machen, sondern freie, selbständige Lehrpersonen. So ist auch dasjenige gehalten worden, was in den letzten vierzehn Tagen an Sie herangebracht worden ist. Die Zeit war ja so kurz, daß appelliert werden mußte im übrigen an Ihre hingebungsvolle, verständnisvolle Tätigkeit.
Denken Sie aber immer wiederum an das, was zum Verständnis des Menschen, und namentlich des Kindes, jetzt vorgebracht worden ist. Bei allen einzelnen methodischen Fragen wird es Ihnen dienen können.
Sehen Sie, wenn Sie zurückdenken, dann werden sich schon bei den verschiedenen Impulsen dieser vierzehn Tage unsere Gedanken begegnen. Denn ich selbst, das kann ich Ihnen die Versicherung geben, werde zurückdenken! Denn es lastet diese Waldorfschule gar sehr heute wohl auf dem Gemüte derjenigen, die an ihrer Einleitung und Einrichtung beteiligt sind. Diese Waldorfschule muß gelingen! Daß sie gelinge, davon wird viel abhängen! Mit ihrem Gelingen wird für manches in der Geistesentwickelung, das wir vertreten müssen, eine Art Beweis erbracht sein.
Wenn ich persönlich jetzt am Schluß mit ein paar Worten sprechen darf, möchte ich sagen: Für mich selbst wird diese Waldorfschule ein wahrhaftiges Sorgenkind sein. Und ich werde immer wieder und wieder müssen mit meinen Gedanken sorgend auf diese Waldorfschule zurückkommen. Aber wir können, wenn wir den ganzen Ernst der Lage betrachten, wirklich gut zusammenarbeiten. Halten wir uns namentlich an den Gedanken, der ja unser Herz, unseren Sinn erfüllt: daß mit der geistigen Bewegung der Gegenwart doch ebensogut geistige Mächte des Weltenlaufes verbunden sind. Glauben wir an diese guten Mächte, dann werden sie inspirierend in unserem Dasein sein, und wir werden den Unterricht erteilen können.
Concluding Remarks
Today, I would like to conclude these reflections by once again pointing out what I would like to recommend to you, so to speak. That is, that you really stick to four things:
Firstly, that the teacher, in general and also in detail, in the whole spiritualization of his profession and in the way he speaks each individual word, develops each individual concept, each individual feeling, and has an effect on his students! That the teacher should be a person of initiative, that he should have initiative! That he should never become lazy, that is, not be fully engaged in what he does at school, in how he behaves towards the children. That is the first thing: the teacher should be a person of initiative in the big and small picture.
The second thing, my dear friends, is that as teachers we must be interested in everything that is in the world and concerns human beings. As teachers, we must be interested in everything worldly and everything human. To close ourselves off in any way to something that may be of interest to human beings would be most regrettable if it took hold in the teacher. We should be interested in the great affairs of humanity. We should be able to take an interest in the great and smallest affairs of the individual child. That is the second thing: the teacher should be a person who is interested in everything worldly and human.
And the third thing is: the teacher should be a person who never compromises with untruth in their inner being. The teacher must be a deeply truthful person. They must never compromise with untruth, otherwise we will see how untruthfulness, especially in method, enters our teaching through many channels. Our teaching will only be an expression of truthfulness if we are careful to strive for truthfulness within ourselves.
And then something that is easier said than done, but which is nevertheless a golden rule for the teaching profession: the teacher must not wither and sour. An unwithered, fresh soul! Do not wither and do not sour! That is what the teacher must strive for.
And I know, my dear friends, that if you have truly taken in what we have examined from various angles over these fourteen days, then, precisely through the detour via the world of feeling and will, what seems distant will become very close to you as you teach. During these fourteen days, I have said nothing other than what can be put into practice immediately in your teaching if you allow it to work in your souls. But our Waldorf school will depend on you, my dear friends, to proceed in your own inner lives in such a way that you really allow the things we have now gone through to be effective in your souls.
Think back on some of the things I have tried to make clear in order to bring about a psychological understanding of the human being, especially the developing human being. And if you do not know how to present one thing or another in class, or when to present it, or at what point, then a thought will come to you everywhere about such teaching methods if you remember correctly what has happened in these fourteen days. Of course, much of this would need to be said many more times, but I do not want to turn you into teaching machines, but rather into free, independent teachers. This is also how what has been presented to you over the last fourteen days has been kept. The time was so short that it was necessary to appeal to your dedicated, understanding work.But always remember what has now been presented for understanding human beings, and especially children. It will be useful to you in all individual methodological questions.
You see, when you think back, our thoughts will already have met in the various impulses of these fourteen days. For I myself, I can assure you, will think back! For this Waldorf school weighs very heavily today on the minds of those who are involved in its introduction and establishment. This Waldorf school must succeed! Much will depend on its success! Its success will provide a kind of proof for many things in spiritual development that we must represent.
If I may say a few words at the end, I would like to say: For me personally, this Waldorf school will be a real cause for concern. And I will have to return to this Waldorf school again and again with my thoughts. But if we consider the seriousness of the situation, we can really work well together. Let us hold fast to the thought that fills our hearts and minds: that the spiritual movement of the present is just as closely connected to the spiritual powers of the world. If we believe in these good powers, they will be an inspiration in our lives, and we will be able to teach.