Faculty Meetings with Rudolf Steiner
GA 300b
15 October 1922, Stuttgart
Thirty-Eighth Meeting
Dr. Steiner: Is everyone here? We have gathered today because we have a number of things to discuss, and also because Mr. S. believes there are some things he needs to say about the events of the last meeting. I am not certain whether we should do that first.
A teacher: What should we do about the parents of the children who were expelled? We think their progress reports should not include any remarks about the expulsion.
Dr. Steiner: People all over Stuttgart are talking about the school and those rumors will then conclude that the faculty did not have the courage to admit what it had done.
If something like what occurred here came up in another school, it would not be such an affair as we have here. There has been some talk about whether one thing or another corresponds to what is normal in other schools, but this situation could, under certain circumstances, bring the entire Waldorf School into discredit if it is improperly used. You speak as though you did not know Mr. von Gleich exists. If someone were expelled in some other school, no one would care. What I fear is that if we do come to agreement, but handle it the way we are now, we will soon have a repetition.
I did not say he must be removed, but that it is possible that we may have to expel him. The goal of all of the suspensions was to enable us to discuss the matter. When you came to me in Dornach with that pile of unbelievable interrogations, there was nothing more to do. There was nothing more we could do. I said that you should look into the matter, but I did not mean that you should formally interrogate the boys and girls. I wanted the suspensions because I had lost trust.
A teacher: My recollection is that you said the other students must be suspended.
Dr. Steiner: I used the conditional tense: “If G.S. really gave the injections, then it might well be necessary to expel him.” You looked into the matter only afterward.
A teacher: The situation with the injections was completely clear.
Dr. Steiner: It is clear that the boys played around. No one knows what he injected. There were some stupid pranks. The reason for the suspension was to be able to look into the matter when I got here. The problem is that the case of G.S. in connection with the others has created these difficulties. The problem that will create difficulties for the school is that the others had to be removed. The difficulty lies in the situation as a whole.
A teacher asks Dr. Steiner to say something about the lack of contact with the students.
Dr. Steiner: The contact between the faculty and the students in the upper grades has been lost. That is not something new. It was quite clear when the students in the upper grades requested a meeting with me. That fact alone speaks quite clearly about a loss of contact with the students. That is the foundation of the whole problem. As soon as such contact is genuinely present, things like this will no longer occur.
How do you think I could make a decision about such a matter over the phone, when I could not actually look at the situation? At the point when Mr. S. brought me the minutes of the interrogations containing things that should never have been discussed, a genuine conflict between the faculty and the students existed. There was nothing for me to decide, since I could not go so far as to make the students into teachers. The problem was a polarity, teachers or students. That became grotesquely apparent. Things slid so far that the students themselves spoke about the teachers speaking to them differently as teachers and as human beings. There was an open conflict between the faculty and the students, and there was, therefore, no other possibility than to make a decision. All that was left was to find the right words. What I said on the telephone was that you should look into the matter and determine the cause. Instead, you interrogated the students. It is only possible to understand “looking into the matter” as trying to determine what the problem is through observation. My understanding was that the faculty would try to find out what was behind the situation, but holding interrogations was simply impossible. I also do not believe that you held these interrogations before our first telephone conversation.
A teacher: There were no interrogations before the second telephone conversation.
Dr. Steiner: What I said could have only meant that if the suspicion were correct that G.S. had injected a student with morphine or opium, we would have to expel him.
A teacher: When a boy injects someone, it seems to me that that is such bad behavior that there is nothing else to be done other than throw him out.
Another teacher: Could we take that back?
Dr. Steiner: That would harm the movement most. You need to remember the following. I had to speak about the Waldorf School recently. I had to present the Waldorf School to the public as a model school, and in fact, it is broadly seen as such. Those people in Stuttgart who are interested in the Waldorf School need only to ask around, and they hear exactly the opposite. These are the things I am always referring to that arise from our position and make it possible to undermine the anthroposophical movement. The question is whether we want to create something that would help undermine the movement. The anthroposophical movement will not be undermined if we expel some students. It would, however, be undermined if people say things that we cannot counter. I am powerless against things that take place in discussions in which I do not participate. It is impossible for me to speak with the expelled students. There is nothing I can say when things have gone so far that the students have left. Through such events, I cannot speak at all about the school. This occurs just at the time when everyone is talking about the school.
I deeply regret that despite the fact that I have been here, I could not see everything. I did see most things, but not everything. I have to say that some aspects of the teaching in the Waldorf School are really very good and are still maintained in our old exemplary form. I really prefer, as long as it is not otherwise necessary, to say exemplary. However, there are certain points that show that the Waldorf School principles are no longer being carried out. We really need to discuss everything here in our meetings. It is an impossible situation when I come into a class, and the teacher has a book in hand and reads an arithmetic problem out of it, where the question is to compute the sum of the ages of three people and then another question is asked so that the children need to determine the sum of the ages of seven people. We are part of a movement that says that we should do only what is true to reality, and then we ask the children to compute the total ages of a group of people. What result do you expect? There is no reality in that. If such sloppiness happens in the school, then what I presented to you in our seminar course was simply for nothing.
As far as I am concerned, if that were simply one case, I would have said nothing. And if there were simply some points that were not so carefully considered, I would not be leaving with such a heavy heart. I have always tried to stress that the Waldorf School can put you above normal, everyday superficiality, but now the Waldorf School has fallen into the typical Stuttgart system. That is, for me, the most bitter thing that can occur, especially when I have to present the Waldorf School as a model. Somehow, that you have lost contact with one another must lie in the atmosphere here.
I must admit I’m really very concerned. When we founded the Waldorf School, we had to make a kind of declaration that after the students had completed three grades, they would be able to move to another school without difficulty. When I look at what we have achieved in three years—well, we just are not keeping up. It is really impossible for us to keep up.
The school inspector’s report was somewhat depressing for me. From what you told me earlier, I had thought he was ill-willed. But, the report is full of goodwill. I must admit that I found everything he wrote necessary. For example, you are not paying enough attention, so the students are always copying from one another. The things contained in the report are true, and that is so bitter. You gave me the impression he had done everything with ill intent. However, it is actually written in such a way that you can see he did not at all want to harm the school. Of course, he speaks that way when we are totally ruining the children. And of course, the result will be that things that are so good in principle become so bad when they are improperly used. We must use what is good. What we need is a certain kind of enthusiasm, a kind of inner activity, but all this has slowly disappeared. Only the lower grades have some real activity, and that is a terrible spectacle. The dead way of teaching, the indifference with which the instruction is given, the complete lack of spontaneity, must all disappear. Some things are still extraordinarily good, as I said before, but in other places there is a total loss of what should be. We need some life in the classes, real life, and then things will fall into place. You need to be able to go along with things and agree with them if you are to present them publicly, that is no longer possible for me. In many cases, people act as though they did not need to prepare before going into class.
I do not want to imply that is done elsewhere. I say it because no one wants to understand what I have been saying for years, namely, that through the habits of Stuttgart, the anthroposophical movement has been ruined. We were not able to bring forth what we need to care for, the true content of the movement. The Waldorf faculty has completely ignored the need to seek out contact. Now, the Society does not try to contact the teachers, and if you ask why, you are told that they do not want us. That is certainly the greatest criticism and a very bitter pill! Each individual needs to feel that they belong to the Society, but that feeling is no longer present. I always need to call attention to the fact that we have the movement. As long as people did not start things and then lose interest in them after a time, things went well for the movement. However, here in Stuttgart things have been founded where people have lost interest in them, and the Stuttgart system arose in that way. Every clique goes its own way, and now the Waldorf School is also taking on the same characteristic, so that it loses consciousness of its true foundation.
That is why I say it is obvious that this event will have no good end. If it were possible to guarantee that we would again try to work from the Waldorf School principle—if only such a guarantee were present! But, there is no such guarantee. There are always a lot of people who want to visit the Waldorf School. I am always sitting on pins and needles when someone comes and wants to visit. It is possible to discover a great deal when you think about things away from school. I certainly understand how difficult it is to create such classes, but on the other hand, I certainly miss the fire that should be in them. There is no fire, only indifference. There is a kind of being comfortable there. I cannot say that what was intended has in any way actually occurred.
A teacher: ... I want to leave...
Dr. Steiner: I do not want to create resentments. That is not the point. If I thought that nothing else could be done, I would have spoken differently. I am speaking from an assumption that the faculty consists of capable people. I am convinced that the problem lies in the habits of Stuttgart, and that people act with closed ears and closed eyes. They are asleep. I have not accused any teachers, but a sloppiness is moving in. There is no more diligence present. But diligence can be changed, it is simply no longer present.
A teacher: I would like to ask you to tell us what we have missed.
Dr. Steiner: This way of forcing something that has absolutely nothing to do with a mechanism into a mechanized scheme is simply child’s play in contrast to the inner process of it. This way of ignorantly putting all kinds of things together and calling it a picture when it is really not a picture is simply a method of occupying the students for a few hours. I believe it is absolutely impossible to discover an external mechanical scheme for the interaction of things connected with language. What would the children get from it when you draw a figure and then write “noun” and so forth in one corner? That is all an external mechanism that simply makes nonsense of instruction.
I hope that no animosities arise from what I am saying. Actually, our pedagogical discussions have been better than that. This fantasizing is most definitely not real. I was very happy with physical education. We should absolutely support that by finding another gymnastics teacher. The boys have become quite lazy. I wanted to draw your attention to the fact that there are also other impulses. Mr. N. has greatly misunderstood me. I did not claim that anyone was incapable of doing things the way that I would like. The problem is that we need to be colleagues in the movement.
A teacher: I have asked myself if my teaching has become worse.
Dr. Steiner: The problem you have is that you have not always followed the directive to bring what you know anthroposophically into a form you can present to little children. You have lectured the children about anthroposophy when you told them about your subject. You did not transform anthroposophy into a child’s level. That worked in the beginning because you taught with such enormous energy. It must have been closer to your heart two years ago than what you are now teaching, so that you awoke the children through your enthusiasm and fire, whereas now you are no longer really there. You have become lazy and weak, and, thus, you tire the children. Before, your personality was active. You could teach the children because your personality was active. It is possible you slipped into this monotone. The children are not coming along because they have lost their attentiveness. You no longer work with them with the necessary enthusiasm, and now they have fallen asleep. You are not any dumber than you were then, but you could do things better. It is your task to do things better, and not say that you need to be thrown out. I am saying that you are not using your full capacities. I am speaking about your not wanting to, not your not being able to.
(Speaking to a second teacher) You need only round yourself out in some areas and get away from your lecturing tone.
(Speaking to a third teacher) I have already said enough to you.
A teacher asks about more time for French and English since two hours are not sufficient in the eleventh grade.
Dr. Steiner: We can do such things only when we have developed them enough that we can allow the children to simply decide in which direction they want to be educated. We cannot increase the number of school hours. The number of school hours has reached a maximum, for both teachers and children. The children are no longer able to concentrate because of the number of hours in the classroom. We need to allow the children to decide. We need to limit Latin and Greek to those students who want to take the final examinations, and those students will also have to limit their other subjects. We already had to limit modern languages for them and allow more teaching time in Greek and Latin.
A teacher: The children come to me for Latin and Greek immediately after shop, eurythmy, and singing. I cannot properly teach them when they are so distracted.
Dr. Steiner: That may be true. Allowing the children to participate in everything cannot continue.
A teacher: We need to differentiate between those going into the humanities and those going on in business. Could we cut the third hour of main lesson short?
Dr. Steiner: Main lesson? That would be difficult. We can certainly not say that any part of the main lesson is superfluous.
A teacher: I wanted to make a similar request for modern languages in the tenth grade.
Dr. Steiner: It is certainly difficult to discuss moving forward in languages if we do not provide what the children need to have in other areas. In previous years, we did not do enough in those areas.
A teacher: If they have shop, I cannot teach Latin.
Dr. Steiner: That is a question of the class schedule and that needs to be decided by the faculty. You wrote down the class schedule for me. I will go through it to see if there is something we can do based purely upon the schedule. On the other hand, I was startled by how little the children can do. There is no active capacity for doing in the children, not even in the objective subjects. The children know so little about history. In general, the children know too little and can do too little. The problem is that an indifference has crept in, so that the things that are necessary are not done. There is no question of that in the 8b class. You need to be there for only five minutes and you can see that the children can do their arithmetic. This all depends upon the teachers’ being interested in the material. It is readily apparent how well the children in the 8b class can do arithmetic. What they can do, you do not see through examples of how they solve problems. That does not say very much. What you can see is that they were very capable in arithmetic methods. Individual cases prove that, but arithmetic is going poorly nearly everywhere.
(To a class teacher) The children know quite a lot, but you should not leave it to the children to decide when they want to say something, as those who are lazy will not speak up. You need to be careful that no one gets by without answering. Those who did speak knew quite a lot, and the history class went very well.
A teacher asks whether it would be possible to hold evening meetings where the teachers could meet together with students who were free.
Dr. Steiner: That would certainly be good. However, it is important how the teachers behave there. Such meetings must not lead to what occurred previously when the students voted for a student president.
A teacher: I thought more of lectures, music, and such things. Not a discussion.
Dr. Steiner: That might well be good, but it could also lead to a misunderstanding of the relationships.
A teacher wants to have one additional hour for each of the ancient languages.
Dr. Steiner: We cannot increase the amount of school time.
A number of teachers speak about the class schedule and increasing the amount of school time.
Dr. Steiner: An increase in the amount of school time cannot be achieved in an absolute sense. We can only increase the number of hours in one subject by decreasing them in another.
A teacher: The tenth grade has students who have forty-four hours of school per week.
Dr. Steiner: That is why many cannot do anything. I will look at the class schedule.
A teacher asks what to do for those who want a more musical education.
Dr. Steiner: If we begin allowing differences, we will have to have three different areas, the humanities, business, and art. We must look into whether that is possible without a significant increase in the size of the faculty.
A teacher: The students want to be involved in everything.
Dr. Steiner: That is perhaps a question for the faculty, and you should discuss it.
Now, to the things that are not as they should be and that have grown to cause me considerable concern. I am concerned, particularly for the upper grades, that the instruction is tending toward sensationalism. That occurs to the detriment of the liveliness in teaching. They want to have a different sensation every hour. The teaching in the upper grades has developed into a craving for sensations, and that is something that has, in fact, been cultivated. There is too little emphasis upon being able to do, and too much upon simply absorbing. That is sensational for many. When the students have so little inner activity, and they learn to feel responsibility so little, they assume that they can do whatever they want. That is often the attitude. You have copied too much from the university atmosphere. The boys think this is a university, and there is not enough of a genuine school atmosphere.
A teacher: If the students would participate energetically, I could give two hours of languages without becoming tired.
Dr. Steiner: Keeping the class active makes you more tired than when it sleeps.
A teacher asks about finding a new teacher for modern languages.
Dr. Steiner: We have been talking about a teacher for modern languages for quite some time. We could ask Tittmann, but I do not dare do that because we need to economize in every area. Try to imagine where we would get the money if we had no money for the Waldorf School. I would like to see the size of the faculty doubled, but that is not possible.
All this is something that is not directly connected with the difficulties. Most of them lie in attitude and will. For example, we must certainly stop using those cheap and sloppy student editions in our classes.
We can discuss the question of the teaching plan when I return. I would ask that you continue in the present way until the end of October. I hope that by the end of October we can move on to radical changes, but I fear they cannot be made.
A teacher asks about an explanation of the situation with the expelled students that is to appear in Anthroposophy and in the daily newspapers. Not only inaccurate, but also completely fabricated things had been reported publicly as facts.
Dr. Steiner: This explanation would refute what has already been published. The story is really going all around Stuttgart. It is a waste of time to explain things to bureaucrats, but the public should not remain unclear about it. We need to say that people could think what they want about the reasons, but we should energetically counter everything and declare them to be false. We should not forget that our concern here is not simply connected with the school, but is also a matter for the anthroposophical movement. Here I do not mean the Society, since it is asleep. But, we need to give some explanation. That would be the first thing to do. We can certainly not get by without that. When we expel some students, we also need to justify that publicly, otherwise it would just be one more nail in the coffin of the movement. We need to do it without making a big fuss, and we cannot act as though we were defending ourselves. That is why I was so surprised when you sent me the record of the interrogations while I was in Dornach. I found it mortifying to go into a “court procedure” with some students because of some dumb pranks.
A teacher: Would it be possible to write the text now?
Dr. Steiner: Well, you can make proposals. I don’t think it would be so easy to write by simply making proposals now. It needs to be written by someone with all due consideration.
A teacher asks about progress reports for these students.
Dr. Steiner: Progress reports? Giving in to someone like Mrs. X. (a mother who had written a letter to the faculty) is just nonsense. I cannot participate in the discussion because people would then complain that this is the first time they had heard about the situation. The faculty has made the most crass errors. You should have let the parents know earlier. As far as I am concerned, the reports could be phrased so that what the children are like is apparent only from the comments about their deportment, but that would only make things worse. Everyone knows they have been expelled, but then they receive a good report. Most teachers do not know that expulsions occur only rarely.
The best would be if Dr. X. would write these progress reports. Perhaps I could also look at them. Mr. Y. is too closely involved. I don’t think it would be a good idea for those most closely involved to do it. Form a committee of three, and then present me with your plans.
Concerning the parent meeting, you could do that, but without me. They might say things I could not counter, if I hear something I cannot defend. The things I say here, I could not say to the parents. We need to clear the air, and the teachers must take control of the school again. You do not need to talk about the things not going well. I think a meeting with the parents would be a good idea, but you, the faculty, would have to really be there. The things I took exception to earlier are directly connected with this matter. The school needs a new direction. You need to eliminate much of the fooling around. We need to be more serious. How are things with the student Z. who left?
A teacher gives a report.
Dr. Steiner: We need to be firm that he left the second, not the third, grade. Then we must try to show why it only seems that students are not so far along at the end of the second grade. The examples of his work we sent along show that Z. did not progress very far, that he only could write “hors” instead of “horse.” There are many such examples, but they are not particularly significant. Take another example. “He could only add by using his fingers.” That is not so bad. It is clear he could not add the number seven to another number.
The two places that could be dangerous for us lie in the following. The one is that people could claim he could do less than is possible with a calculator. To that, we can say that our goal is to develop the concept of numbers differently. We do not think that is possible with such young children. We will have to go into this business with calculators. The other thing that is dangerous for us is his poor dictation. There, we can simply say that dictation is not really a part of the second grade in our school. The situation is quite tempting for someone with a modern pedagogical understanding. That is how we can most easily be attacked. We will have to defend ourselves against that. We need to energetically and decisively defend ourselves. We need to stop the possibility of being criticized on these two points. We need to ward off this matter with a bitter humor. The report that was sent along makes things more difficult. He got a good report from us. This letter was written with good intent. For example, “I could not develop his knowledge further within the context of my class.” On the other hand, though, it is incomprehensible to a schoolmaster that he could write “horse” as “hors.”
A teacher: We have also received students who could not write.
Dr. Steiner: We should use such facts. If you can prove that, then you should include it. He wrote two-and-a-half typed pages, and then scribbled in some more. We should write just as much. We need to write back to him sarcastically. We need to develop some enthusiasm. We can certainly go that far. You need only look at Goethe’s letters, and you will also find errors of the same caliber. The faculty seems like a lifeless lump to me. You give no sign of having the strength to throw these things back into people’s faces. We need to use such things. The faculty is simply a lifeless lump. You are all sitting on the curule chairs of the Waldorf School, but we must be alive.
We need to use the resources we have. We need to write just as much, not like Mr. X. writes, but with a tone that is well-intended and not attacking.
A teacher: Do I always write such bad letters?
Dr. Steiner: Perhaps it is only this one case that I saw. A teacher asks about a student from out of town who cannot come to school when the weather is bad.
Dr. Steiner: We could give the father a binding answer. We could tell him that if the child lived in Stuttgart, we could, to the extent possible, take over the responsibility. However, when the boy has to make a longer trip, we can hardly be responsible for sending him out into bad weather when that might make him ill. We should tell the father that we understand the boy’s situation. However, we can make no decision other than to say that if the boy does not move into Stuttgart, he should leave the school. We need to take on that responsibility.
A teacher: Some students in the upper grades are taking jobs.
Dr. Steiner: That is no concern of ours if they are good students.
A teacher mentions a letter about a visit of some English teachers.
Dr. Steiner: We will have to accept their visit. However, I hope that by then there is a different atmosphere in the school. They can visit the various classes.
A teacher asks about how to treat colors in art class.
Dr. Steiner: Couldn’t you do what I said to the boys and girls yesterday? What I said today was concerned more with modern history. What I have said specifically about how to treat colors could be the subject of a number of lessons. Perhaps Miss Waller could send it to you from Dornach. I think you could go directly into the practical use of color with this class, so they become aware of what they have done in the lower grades. They should become aware of that. Of course, you must then go into the many things that must be further developed, the things you have begun, so that you also have them draw. I do not mean simply curves. You could also do the same with colors. For example, you could do it just as you did with curves to contrast a rounded and well-delineated blue spot and a curved yellow stroke. You should not do that too early. In the lower grades, the colors should live completely in seeing.
From there, you can go on to comparative anatomy; you could contrast the extremities in front and back. You could contrast the capacity of certain animals for perceiving and feeling with the wagging of a dog’s tail. That is actually the same problem. In that way, you can really get into life, you get into reality. Such things need to be brought into all areas of instruction. For many children, it is as though their heads were filled with pitch—they cannot think. They need to do such things through an inner activity, so that they genuinely participate. You can learn a great deal from the gymnastics class.
Yesterday, the boys were really very clumsy. I mean, they had a natural clumsiness and gymnastics is quite difficult for them. We need a second gymnastics teacher. The most you can teach is fourteen hours of gymnastics. If we had eighteen, we would need a second teacher. Particularly for boys, gymnastics, if it is not done pedantically, as it usually is, but, in fact, becomes a developmental force for the physical body, is really very good with eurythmy. The gymnastics teacher: I begin with the sixth grade.
Dr. Steiner: Of course, we need to begin earlier. I would find it not at all bad if Mr. Wolffhügel would see to it that our classrooms are not so plain, but that they had some artistic content also. Our school gives the impression we have no understanding of art.
A teacher: B.B. is in my seventh grade class. Could you give me some advice?
Dr. Steiner: He is in a class too high for what he knows. He is lazy? I think it is just his nature, that he is Swedish, and you will have to accept that he cannot quickly comprehend things. They grasp things slowly, but if you return to such things often, it will be all right. They love to have things repeated. That is perhaps what it is that you are observing with him.
A teacher: He is a clever swindler and a facile liar.
Dr. Steiner: He does not understand. A swindler? That cannot be true. He does the things we have often discussed, but they only indicate that you need to work with him so that he develops some feeling for authority. If he respects someone, as he does Mr. L., then things are all right. What is important is that you repeatedly discuss things with him. He is not at all impertinent. It is important that you put yourself in a position of respect.
A teacher tells about an event.
Dr. Steiner: That was an event connected with a curious concept of law. In a formal sense, it was not right, and he thought the man should be punished. He was preoccupied with that thought for a long time. Sometimes you need to find out about such things from the children and then speak about them and calm them. If such things continue to eat into them, then things will become worse, and that is the case with all of these boys. It is bad when children think the teacher does not see what is right. We cannot be indifferent in that regard. We need to take care that the children do not believe that we judge them unjustly. If they believe that, we should not be surprised if they are impertinent.
A teacher asks about languages in the seventh and eighth grades. A third of the class are beginners and two-thirds are better. The teacher asks if it would be possible to separate the beginners from the more advanced students.
Dr. Steiner: It is miserable that we do not group the children who are at the same stage. Is it so impossible to group them that way? You would need to put the fifth graders in a lower group. It has gradually developed that we are teaching language by grade, and that is a terrible waste of our energy. Couldn’t we teach according to groups and not according to grade?
A teacher: There is a time conflict.
Dr. Steiner: I am always sad that I cannot participate more in such things. I cannot believe it would not be possible. I still think it would be possible to group the students according to their capabilities, and at the same time work within the class schedule. That must certainly be possible if you have the goodwill to do it.
A teacher: It is possible with the seventh and eighth Grades.
Dr. Steiner: I think we could keep the same number of classroom hours. I cannot imagine that we cannot have specific periods for language during the week. Then we could do that.
A teacher: The problem is the religious instruction.
Dr. Steiner: Perhaps we could do it if we fixed the languages classes to specific hours during the week.
A teacher asks whether Dr. Steiner had looked at W.A. in the seventh grade.
Dr. Steiner: God! He certainly is disturbed by everything. He has gotten better, and if you ask him sometimes to say good things, he is also happy to do that. He likes some things. It would be a good idea if you gave him more serious things to write in his book. Curative eurythmy would not be much help. He needs to practice very serious things.
A teacher: Have you anything more to say about my class?
Dr. Steiner: In general, your class needs to be more involved with the material. They are not really in it. They are, what, about thirteen- year-old boys and girls. I think, of course, that enlivening arithmetic would do much to awaken them. They are not particularly awake. I do not think that they have a good understanding of what powers and exponents are. Do you do anything explain why they are called powers?
A teacher: I began with growth.
Dr. Steiner: I think you should include something like stories in the arithmetic instruction so that the process becomes clear from within. There are many ways you can do that, but you must always connect them with the material. The methods you have used with the children, where they use their fingers, are nothing more than an external contrivance with no inner connection. It tends toward being only play. If the children do not really concentrate, I do not believe the boys and girls will be able to solve the same equations a year from now that the present eighth-grade class can. It is a question whether they will be able to do that. They are not awake. They are still at the stage of thinking like a calf. In the other seventh-grade class, if we take the children’s abilities into account, they are actually more capable and more awake. Your class is not very awake. On the whole, you have a rather homogeneous class, whereas H.’s class has some who are quite capable and some who are quite dumb. Your class is more homogeneous. It is a very difficult group. You have some gifted children in your 8b class. The 8b class is made up of just about only geniuses. I think in your seventh-grade class there are quite a number who are basically dumb, and I think that you need to pull them out of their lethargy. They are covered with mildew. I am quite sorry I have not had time enough everywhere. Many things would have been easier had we not had these tremendous moral difficulties that have taken so much time. If the masters of pedagogy sitting on top of the mountain really had a more positive attitude toward the pedagogical course, I could have been more effective here. As it was, everything was very difficult. You do not need to get angry if I say that the faculty is like a heavy, dense mass sitting lazily upon their curule chairs, and because of that, we are all being ground up. We have yet to experience the worst opposition.
A teacher: Everything builds up because you are here so seldom.
Dr. Steiner: Then we have to find some way of making the year 975 days long. Recently I’ve been on the road all the time. Since November of 1921, I am almost always traveling. I cannot be here more. Things would go better if Stuttgart cliques don’t gain too strong a hold. The anthroposophical movement should never have expanded beyond what it was in 1914. That is not the right thing to think. The medical group says exactly the same thing. Mr. K., from Hamburg, thinks I need to go to Hamburg. However, I can discuss that question only when I have seen that they have done everything else. The pedagogical course I held contains everything. It only needs to be put into practice. I would never say such terrible things to the medical group if I had seen things progressing there. But they have simply left things aside. It is as though I had never held the seminar here.
A teacher mentions the difficulties that have arisen due to bad living conditions.
Dr. Steiner: Certainly, that has some effect, but there is an objection I could raise if I really wanted to complain. That has nothing to do with the fact that the school is as it is. That has nothing to do with that. It is not my intent to point my finger, I only want to say how things are. It is very difficult. I have said much that sticks in your throat, but it all came from a recognition that things must be different. The fact that, for instance, there really is no contact among you certainly has nothing to do with the problem of your housing. That everyone goes their own way is connected directly with how the school itself is. If anthroposophical life in Stuttgart were more harmonious, that would benefit the school, but recently things have become worse. In a moral sense, everyone is walling themselves off, and we will soon be at a point where we do not know one another. That is something that has become worse over time. What each individual does must affect others and become a strength in the Society. What we need is a joyful recognition and valuation of what is done by each individual, but the goodwill for that is missing. We are missing a joyful and receptive recognition of the achievements of individuals. We are simply ignoring those achievements. You should speak about what is worthy of recognition. The Stuttgart attitude, however, is non-recognition, and that curtails achievement. If I work and nothing happens, I become stymied. Negative judgments are justified only in connection with positive ones, but you have no interest in positive achievements. People become stymied when not one living soul is interested in the work they have done.
To a large extent, the contact between student and teacher has been lost and something else has developed. When there is such disinterest, I have no guarantee that such things as have happened could not be repeated again in the future.
A teacher asks about a permanent class teacher for one of the upper grades.
Dr. Steiner: Things were no different before. There was a time when the students just hung on Dr. X. That occurred until a certain time and then stopped.
A teacher: Things have become so fragmented due to the many illnesses.
Dr. Steiner: The catastrophe occurred just at that time when not so many people were away. In general, our students are not bad students. I do not want to overemphasize it, but it seems to me that there is a certain kind of indifference here. Indifference was not so prominent when the teachers had more to do. Since the teachers have had some relief, a kind of indifference has arisen.
There must be some reason factions arise. People are talking about causality, that is, cause and effect. In the world around us, the effects arise from their causes, but here in Stuttgart, the effects arise from no cause at all. There are no causes here, and if you want a cause, there is none. If you try to pin someone down to a cause, that person would give a personal explanation, but you cannot find the cause.
The effects are devastating. We have seen what they are. Due to the Stuttgart attitude, we have here an absolute contradiction of the law of causality. The reasons actually exist, but they are continually disputed so that no one becomes aware of them. We always have effects, but the causes are explained away. If you multiply zero by five, you still have nothing, and I would certainly like to know what value nothing has.
Comments concerning the Pedagogical Youth Conference held October 3 through 15 in Stuttgart.
Dr. Steiner: Had I come here and heard that all these young people are barging in and then not going away, I think I would have seen that was a situation that would have called for some words to slow it down. But, on a particular occasion when I asked why Y. was not here, I was told that people did not think there was any reason he should be here.
I do not intend to make the slightest accusation in that regard, and even if we discussed it further, there would be no reasons for it. The really sad thing about this Stuttgart attitude is that there are effects that have no causes.
You will not readily admit that you do not properly consider the matter if you say they have no trust. On the contrary, we must ask why we have not achieved what is right so that they would have had a more reasonable trust than presently exists? Many things have been neglected. The question for us is how can we win people’s trust. You have simply done nothing to allow a positive cooperation to occur. People have no reason to be distrusting. Things have not gone so far that the question could have been discussed even at a feeling level. The question did not even arise. The young people do not even notice you were there, they did not notice the spirits on top of the mountain. Had someone told me that Y. was difficult to get along with, I would have had a reason, but they said that they had not even thought about it.
The result is not that young people have no trust, but that they are given no opportunity to develop it. The great masters on the mountain are simply not there. People did not know you were there. They did not know that there was a Union for Independent Cultural Life.
A teacher: X. is among those who did not want to know that such a union exists.
Dr. Steiner: That is an effect. People would have found a way, but no one did anything to help them.
It is not good to fall into this Stuttgart attitude. I would like to see that you take the lack of cause more seriously in the future. This is a serious thing, as otherwise it will really be too late to get the situation under control.
Achtunddreissigste Konferenz
RUDOLF STEINER: Sind alle da? Ja, wir sind heute zusammengekommen, weil wir ja erst überhaupt über Verschiedenes sprechen müssen. Dann auch, weil Herr Stockmeyer gemeint hat, er müsse im Anschluss an die Vorgänge der letzten Konferenz noch etwas vorbringen, und nun weiß ich nicht, ob wir das zuerst tun sollen.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Wie soll den Eltern der Ausgeschlossenen gegenüber gehandelt werden? Wir dachten, die Notiz des Ausschlusses soll nicht im Zeugnis stehen. Ein Brief ist da vom Vater W.
RUDOLF STE1NER liest den Brief vor: Wünscht jemand, weiter darüber zu sprechen?
WALTER JOHANNES STEIN: Was steht dem entgegen, dass der Passus nicht ins Zeugnis kommt?
RUDOLF STE1NER: Ganz Stuttgart redet über die Schule, und dann werden diese Gerüchte gipfeln in dein, dass das Lehrerkollegium nicht den Mut hat, dasjenige, was es getan hat, zu vertreten.
KARL STOCKMEYER: R. S. hat um eine Bescheinigung gebeten, er braucht ein Abgangszeugnis.
Mehrere Lehrer über eine zu gebende Erklärung.
RUDOLF STEINER: Wenn irgendwo in einer Schule so etwas vorkommt, so ist es nicht eine Affäre wie hier. Es wird geredet davon, ob dies oder jenes dem entspricht, was sonst in den Schulen üblich ist, während die Sache etwas ist, was unter Umständen die ganze Waldorfschule in Misskredit bringen kann, wenn es ausgenützt wird. Sie reden so, als ob es Ihnen unbekannt wäre, dass es einen Herrn von Gleich gibt. Wenn in irgendeiner Schule jemand ausgeschlossen wird, so kümmert sich keine Katze darum. Dasjenige, was ich fürchte, ist das: Wenn sich jetzt keine Einsicht bildet, wenn man es so behandelt, dann. haben wir nächstens wiederum einen solchen Fall.
Ich habe nicht gesagt, er muss hinaus, [sondern] es kann ja sein, dass man ihn wird ausschließen müssen. Das ganze Suspendieren hatte den Zweck, dass man die Möglichkeit hatte, hinterher zu beraten. Wenn Sie zu mir kommen nach Dornach mit dem Stoß von unglaublichen Untersuchungen, dann ist doch nichts mehr zu machen. Dann ist die Sache nicht mehr zu machen. [Ich sagte], man muss der Sache nachgehen. Aber nachgehen bedeutet doch nicht, dass man richterliche Verhöre mit den Jungen und Mädchen anstellt. Ich wollte das Suspendieren haben, weil ich kein Vertrauen mehr hatte.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Ich hatte nur die Erinnerung, dass die andern Schüler suspendiert werden müssen.
RUDOLF STEINER: Ich habe den Konditional gesagt: Wenn der M. G. wirklich Injektionen gegeben hat, so wird es wohl notwendig sein, dass man ihn hinauswirft. Hinterher haben Sie erst untersucht.
EUGEN KOLISKO: Die Sache mit den Injektionen war ja völlig klar.
RUDOLF STEINER: Es ist klar, dass die Jungen gespielt haben. Kein Mensch weiß, was er eingeimpft hat. Eine Spielerei lag vor. Die ganze Suspension war dazu da, dass erst die Angelegenheit nach meiner Ankunft untersucht werden sollte. Die Sache ist die, dass der Fall M. G. nur mit den anderen zusammen diese Unannehmlichkeit hervorrufen wird, Für die Sachen, die eine Schwierigkeit werden für die Schule, liegt das vor, dass die anderen entfernt werden mussten. Die Schwierigkeit liegt in dem ganzen Fall.
HERBERT HAHN bittet Rudolf Steiner, etwas über den verlorenen Kontakt mit den Schülern zu sagen.
RUDOLE STEINER: Der Kontakt der Lehrerschaft mit den Schülern der höheren Klassen ging verloren. Das ist nicht etwas, was neu aufgetreten ist. Das ging ganz deutlich daraus hervor, dass die Schüler der höchsten Klasse eine Besprechung mit mir forderten. Dies Faktum allein sprach ganz deutlich vorn Verlieren des Kontaktes mit den Schülern. Das ist das Urphänomen der Sache. Sobald ein solcher Kontakt wirklich vorhanden ist, werden die Dinge nicht mehr vorkommen, die vorgekommen sind.
Wie sollte man durchs Telefon in einer solchen Sache eine Entscheidung herbeiführen, da man die Sache nicht anschauen konnte! In dem Stadium, in dem die Sache war, als I Zerr Stockmeyer die Protokolle brachte, die Dinge enthielten, die niemals hatten gesprochen werden dürfen, lag vor ein richtiger Konflikt zwischen Lehrerschaft und Schülerschaft, sodass für mich nichts anderes zu entscheiden war, da man nicht so weit gehen konnte, die Schüler als Lehrer ein-zusetzen. Es hat sich gehandelt [um einen Gegensatz]: Lehrer oder Schüler, der sogar in grotesker Weise zutage getreten ist. Man hat es dahin kommen hassen, dass die Schüler selbst redeten davon, die Lehrer reden zu uns anders als Lehrer und als Menschen. Es war ein offener Konflikt zwischen Lehrerkollegium und Schülern. Es gibt keine andere [Möglichkeit], als zu entscheiden. Es handelt sich nur um eine Formulierung. Was ich auch durchs Telefon gesagt habe, das war das: Man muss der Sache nachgehen, man muss finden, wo die Ursachen liegen. Man hat [stattdessen] die Leute verhört! Unter Nachgehen kann man nur verstellen, dass man durch Beobachtung darauf kommt, um was es sich handelt. Ich hätte verstanden, wenn in der Lehrerschaft versucht worden wäre, hinter die Sache zu kommen, aber dass Verhöre angestellt worden sind, das ist etwas, was gar nicht möglich ist. Ich glaube es auch nicht, dass diese Verhöre bereits angestellt waren, als das erste Telefongespräch war.
EUGEN KOLISKO: Vor dem zweiten Teletongespräch war kein Verhör vorhanden.
RUDOLF STEINER: Das Gespräch konnte auch nichts weiter bedeuten, als, wenn der schwere Verdacht richtig war, dass M. G. einem Schüler Morphium oder Opium eingespritzt hat, dass er dann ausgeschlossen werden soll.
EUGEN KOLISKO: Eine Injektion, von einem jungen gemacht, erscheint mir ein solcher Unfug, dass man nichts !anderes] machen kann, [als ihn herauswerfen].
KARL STOCKMEYER: Dr. Kolisko muss das durchführen.
RUDOLF STETNER: Ja, aber nicht wahr, dann muss das Kolisko auch wissen, wie er dies durchführen will.
EMIL MOLT: Könnte man das nicht rückgängig machen?
RUDOLF STEINER: Diese Richtung ist diese, die Bewegung am meisten zu schädigen. Sie müssen das Folgende bedenken. Sehen Sie doch, dass man in der letzten Zeit genötigt ist, über die Waldorfschule zu sprechen. Man war genötigt, die Waldorfschule in der Öffentlichkeit als eine Musterschule hinzustellen, und tatsächlich wird sie im weiten Umkreis als eine solche angesehen. Diejenigen Menschen, die sich in Stuttgart über die Waldorfschule erkundigen, sie brauchen nur zu fragen, die hören das genaue Gegenteil. Diese Dinge bezeichne ich immer als dasjenige, was aus unserem Schoß heraus das zuwege bringt, dass die [anthroposophische] Bewegung untergraben wird. Der Gesichtspunkt ist der, ob wir etwas schaffen wollen, wodurch wir die Bewegung untergraben werden. [Die anthroposophische Bewegung wird nicht untergraben, wenn wir Schiller ausschließen.] Sie wird dadurch untergraben, dass Dinge erzählt werden, denen gegenüber man machtlos ist. Ich bin machtlos einer Sache gegenüber, an deren Diskussion ich mich nicht beteiligen kann. ich kann mich gar nicht exponieren, mit den ausgeschlossenen Schülern zu reden. Ich kann gar nicht reden, nachdem man es dazu hat kommen lassen, dass die Schüler einen Exodus gemacht haben. Es ist mir durch so etwas unmöglich gemacht, überhaupt über die Schule zu reden. Gerade in dem Moment, wo immer über die Schule geredet worden ist.
Ich bedaure es ungeheuer, dass ich, trotzdem ich hier gewesen bin, nicht alles gesehen habe. ich habe das meiste gesehen, [aber nicht alles]. Ich muss sagen, einzelne Punkte des Waldorfschul-Unterrichtes, einzelne Dinge sind ganz ausgezeichnet, noch immer in der alten ausgezeichneten Art. Ich muss sagen, dass ich lieber, solange es nicht [anders] notwendig ist, «ausgezeichnet» sage. [Aber] es gibt gewisse Punkte, die zeigen, dass das Waldorfschulprinzip [manchmal] nicht mehr durchgeführt wird. Hier in der Konferenz muss wirklich alles besprochen werden. Es ist unmöglich, dass ich in eine Klasse hineinkomme, wo der Lehrer [ein Buch in der Hand hat und] aus einem Rechenbuch eine Aufgabe vorliest, wo ausgerechnet wird, was für eine Summe herauskommt, wenn jemand ein solches Alter hat, ein Zweiter ein solches, ein Dritter ein solches und so weiter; sieben Menschen hintereinander haben ein Alter, und man rechnet eine Summe aus, wie viel das ausmacht. In einer Bewegung, wo davon geredet wird, dass nur Wirklichkeitsgemäßes vorkommen soll, lässt man ausrechnen, wie viel die zusammen alt sind. Was soll herauskommen? Es ist keine Realität. Wenn solcher Schlendrian in der Schule eintreten kann, dann ist dasjenige, was ich als Seminarkurs gehalten habe, einfach für nichts gewesen.
Meinetwillen, läge der Fall allein da, würde ich nicht gesagt haben, dass man sich nicht kümmert an einzelnen Punkten, dann würde ich nicht mit so schwerem Herzen weggehen. Ich habe immer betont: Die Waldorfschule ist etwas, was man aus dem übrigen Treiben herausnehmen könnte, nun aber ist die Waldorfschule [auch dem Stuttgarter System] verfallen. Das ist das Bitterste, was [einem] passieren kann, wenn man genötigt ist, die Waldorfschule als ein Musterbeispiel hinzustellen. Es muss das ein wenig in der Atmosphäre liegen, dass der Kontakt untereinander verloren worden ist.
Ich muss sagen, es erfüllt mich mit der tiefsten Sorge, wenn ich sehe — wir mussten, als wir die Waldorfschule begründet haben, eine Art Erklärung abgeben, dass, nachdem die Schüler je drei Klassen durchgemacht haben, ein Anschluss sein kann an die [anderen] Schulen. Wenn ich dasjenige anschaue, was durch drei Jahre erreicht worden ist — ja nicht wahr, da können wir nicht mehr mitkommen. Es ist ganz unmöglich, dass wir mitkommen!
Etwas Bedrückendes war [für mich] der Bericht des Schulrats Eisele. Ich habe aus dem, was Sie mitgeteilt haben, die Meinung gehabt, dass er unwohlwollend abgefasst sei. [Wohlwollend ist der Bericht!] Ich muss gestehen, dass ich alles notwendig fand, was er hineingeschrieben hat, [zum Beispiel], dass nicht darauf geschaut wird, dass die Schüler fortwährend voneinander abschreiben. Die Dinge sind wahr, die darin stehen, das ist das Bittere. Sie haben die Vorstellung vorgeführt, als ob der Eisele das ganz unwohlwollend gemacht hätte. Es ist eigentlich abgefasst so, dass man sieht, der will gar nicht der Schule auf den Leib. Natürlich kommt es heraus, dass er so spricht, wenn wir die Kinder total ruinieren. Dann natürlich werden wir die Folgen haben, dass dasjenige, was im Prinzip gut ist, dadurch schlechtgemacht wird, dass es schlecht angewendet wird. Das Gute muss gut angewendet werden.
Was wir brauchen, das ist ein gewisser Enthusiasmus, eine gewisse innere [Betätigung]. Die ist nach und nach geschwunden. Eine Regsamkeit haben nur noch die [unteren] Klassen: furchtbarer Spektakel! Die nicht regsame Art des Unterrichtes, die Gleichgültigkeit, mit der der Unterricht erteilt wird, dass keine Impulsivität darin ist, [das muss verschwinden]. Einzelne Sachen sind ausgezeichnet, den Einzelnen habe ich es schon gesagt. An einzelnen Stellen ist da ein absolutes Abraspeln desjenigen, was sein muss. Wir brauchen Leben in den Klassen, richtiges Leben, so kommen die Dinge zusammen. Man muss wirklich mit einer Sache gehen können und einverstanden sein können, wenn man sie öffentlich vertreten will. Diese Möglichkeit ist mir ganz benommen. Vielfach herrscht das Prinzip, als ob man nicht mehr vorbereitet in die Klasse hineinzugehen brauchte.
Ich will das gar nicht als eine Sache sagen, die man sonst tut. Ich. muss es sagen, weil man nicht verstehen will, was ich seit Jahren sage, dass durch das System von Stuttgart die [anthroposophische] Bewegung kaputt gemacht wird, indem nicht hineinzubringen ist, dass man sich kümmert um das, was der Inhalt der Bewegung ist_ Die Waldorflehrerschaft hat es vollständig außer Acht gelassen, irgendeinen Kontakt zu suchen. Nun herrscht die Waldorfschule, es wird [auch] kein Zusammenhang gesucht [mit den Lehrern], und wenn man fragt, dann heißt es, die wollten uns nicht haben. — Nicht wahr, das ist die stärkste Kritik. [Eine bittere Pille!] Jede einzelne Körperschaft müsste doch das Gefühl haben, dass sie der Gesellschaft angehört. Das ist doch gar nicht mehr vorhanden, dieses Gefühl. Ich muss immer wiederum darauf aufmerksam machen, wir haben die Bewegung gehabt; solange nicht Dinge begründet worden sind, und zwar Dinge, wo diejenigen, welche sie begründet haben, nach einiger Zeit die Lust verloren haben, so lange ist die Bewegung gegangen. Aber nicht wahr, hier in Stuttgart sind Dinge begründet worden, zu welchen [dann] die Leute die Lust verloren hatten. Dadurch ist das System Stuttgart entstanden. Eine [jede] Clique geht den eigenen Weg. Nun soll die Waldorfschule auch denselben Charakter annehmen, dass sie das Bewusstsein verliert, in was sie darinnensteht.
Deshalb muss ich sagen: Dass dieser Fall nicht gut ausgeht, das ist selbstverständlich. Aber wenn man eine Garantie dafür haben könnte, dass die Meinung sich wieder bildet, man muss im Sinne des Waldorfschulprinzips handeln, wenn dafür eine Garantie vorhanden wäre! Diese Garantie bildet sich nicht. Denken Sie, es kommen jetzt eine ganze Menge Leute, die wollen hospitieren in der Waldorfschule. Ich sitze immer wie auf Nadeln, wenn jemand kommt und will hospitieren in der Waldorfschule. Man kann schon da, wenn man draußen nachgedacht hat, manche Entdeckung machen. Gewiss, ich weiß alles, wie viel schwerer es ist, wenn solche Klassen zusammengestellt sind. Auf der anderen Seite vermisse ich das Feuer, das darin sein müsste. [Es ist nicht Feuer darin, sondern Gleichgültigkeit.] Es ist eine gewisse Bequemlichkeit darin. [Wenn Leute kommen werden] [?], können wir nicht sagen, dass irgendwie dasjenige, was intendiert war, zum Ausdruck kommt.
WALTER JOHANNES STEIN: Ich will hinaus —
RUDOLF STEINER: Ich will selbst keine Rankünen hervorrufen. Es handelt sich doch nicht darum. Wenn ich meinen würde, dass die Sache nicht anders gehen könnte, dann würde man anders reden müssen. Ich rede immer unter der Voraussetzung, dass das Kollegium zusammengesetzt ist aus Leuten, welche die Fähigkeit haben. Ich bin davon durchdrungen, dass es an dem System hier liegt, dass aber die Leute mir verstopften Ohren und zugemachten Augen wirken, [dass die Leute schlafen]. Ich habe keinem Lehrer den Vorwurf gemacht. Es reißt jaberI ein Schlendrian ein. Es ist kein Fleiß vorhanden. Fleiß könnte man ändern. Es ist kein Fleiß vorhanden.
HERBERT HAHN: Ich möchte bitten, dass Herr Doktor sagt, was da versäumt worden ist
RUDOLF; STEINER: Diese Art — die nicht in den üblichen Auseinandersetzungen liegt eine Sache in ein fremdes Schema hineinzuzwängen, das mechanisiert ist, dass der Mechanismus gar nichts damit zu tun hat, das ist eine Spielerei [in der 4. Klasse) gegenüber dem inneren Gang der Sache; Ich kann nicht sagen, dass nicht diese Art., spielerisch allerlei zusammenzuschreiben, wenn das, was man als Bild gibt, kein Bild ist, [sondern] bloß eine Methode, die Schüler durch ein paar Stunden zu beschäftigen. Ich finde es [im höchsten Maße] unmöglich, ein äußeres mechanisches Schema für die Gegenseitigkeit von sprachlichen Dingen zu erfinden. Was sollen die Schüler davon haben, wenn man ihnen eine Figur aufzeichnet und in die eine Ecke «Hauptwort» schreibt [und so weiter]. Es ist alles ein äußerer Mechanismus, der den Unterricht zum spielerischen Beginnen macht. 4b ist in rationeller[er] Weise vorausgegangen.
Ich hoffe, dass keine Ranküne entsteht. Es ist eigentlich dasjenige, was in den pädagogischen Auseinandersetzungen steht, f schon] besser getroffen worden. Das Spintisieren ist ganz gewiss keine lebenswirkliche Sache. Froh war ich über den Turnunterricht. Darin ist das: Der Turnunterricht muss ganz entschieden gefördert werden, indem man noch eine Turnlehrkraft anstellt. Die Jungens sind wirklich schlapp geworden.
[Nach einer Bemerkung Maria Röschls:] Ich wollte darauf aufmerksam machen, dass andere Momente vorliegen. Stein hat gründlich missverstanden. Ich habe nicht behauptet, dass jemand nicht die Fähigkeit hat, die Sache so zu machen, wie ich es will. Es liegt das vor, dass man ein Mitarbeiter der Bewegung sein muss.
WALTER JOHANNES STEIN: Ich habe mich gefragt, ob mein Geschichtsunterricht schlechter geworden ist.
RUDOLF STEINER: Bei Ihnen steht es so. Sie hatten nicht immer die Disziplin verfolgt, dasjenige, was Sie anthroposophisch wissen, herunterzutragen in die Form, in der es den kleinen Kindern gebracht werden muss. Sie haben den Kindern Anthroposophie vorgetragen, wenn Sie [Ihr Fach] Geschichte vorgetragen haben. Sie haben [die Anthroposophie] nicht umgesetzt [auf die Stufe der Kinder]. Das ist im Anfange aus dem Grunde gegangen, weil Sie den Geschichtsunterricht mit dem ungeheuren Feuer gegeben haben. Es muss Ihrem Herzen vor zwei Jahren nähergelegen haben als dasjenige, was Sie jetzt vortragen, sodass Sie dazumal durch den Enthusiasmus und durch das Feuer die Kinder erweckt haben, während sie jetzt im Grunde genommen nicht recht dabei sind. Sie sind lässig geworden und schlapp, und so ermüden Sie die Kinder. Vorher wirkte Ihre Persönlichkeit; Sie konnten es den Kindern beibringen, weil Ihre Persönlichkeit wirkte. Es kann sein, dass Sie in dieses Leiertempo hineingekommen sind. Vielleicht sind Sie durch die «Gudrun» dazu gekommen. Die Kinder können nicht mitgehen, weil sie den Faden der Aufmerksamkeit verlieren; sie verlieren den Faden der Aufmerksamkeit. Sie beschäftigen sie nicht mehr mit dem nötigen Enthusiasmus. Jetzt sind sie eingeschlafen. Sie sind nicht dümmer geworden, als Sie dazumal waren; Sie könnten es besser machen. Daher wäre es Ihre Aufgabe, es besser zu machen und nicht zu sagen: Ich muss herausgeschmissen werden. Dasjenige, was ich sage, ist, dass Sie Ihre Fähigkeiten nicht anwenden. Ich wende mich gegen das Nichtwollen und nicht gegen das Nichtkönnen.
[Zu Erich Schwebsch:] Sie brauchen nur sich [im Einzelnen] zu runden, damit etwas vom dozierenden Ton herauskommt.
ERICH SCHWEBSCH: Ich weiß genau meine Dummheiten.
RUDOLF STEINER [zu Wilhelm Ruhtenberg]: Ihnen habe ich [aber wirklich] genug gesagt.
CLARA MICHELS möchte gerne in kleineren Gruppen arbeiten.
RUDOLF STEINER: Wir haben kein Geld. Das ist aber Sache des Stundenplans.
ERICH SCHWEBSCH bittet um mehr Stunden für Französisch und Englisch, da zwei Stunden nicht genügen in der 11. Klasse.
RUDOLF STEINER: Diese Dinge werden nur darin gehen, wenn wir die Sache so ausbilden, dass wir einfach die Kinder entscheiden lassen, nach welcher Richtung sie sich ausbilden wollen. Es lässt sich nicht die Stundenzahl vermehren. Die Stundenzahl hat ein Höchstmaß erreicht, sowohl für Lehrer wie für Kinder. Die Kinder haben auch dadurch keine Konzentration. Es wäre notwendig, dass wir die Kinder sich entscheiden lassen; also diejenigen, die Abiturientenexamen machen wollen für das Gymnasium, auf die müssten wir dasjenige beschränken, was der Latein- und Griechischunterricht ist. Dann müssten [sie] andere Sachen weglassen. Wir müssten [für diese] die neueren Sprachen einschränken und müssten dem Latein- und Griechischunterricht eine größere Entfaltungsmöglichkeit geben.
MARIA RÖSCHL: Ich bekomme die Kinder [für den lateinischen und griechischen Unterricht) nach Handwerk, Eurythmie und Gesang, und jetzt kann ich wirklich doch nicht die Kinder tragen, wenn sie zerrissen zu mir kommen.
RUDOLF STEINER: Das mag schon sein. So, wie es jetzt ist, dass man die Kinder an allem teilnehmen lassen will, so wird es nicht gellen.
ERICH SCHWEBSCH: Die Scheidung zwischen Humanisten und Realisten ist notwendig. Ist es vielleicht möglich, die dritte Stunde vom Hauptunterricht abzuknipsen?
RUDOLF STEINER: [Vom] Hauptunterricht? Das ist eine Schwierigkeit. Man kann nicht sagen, dass der Hauptunterricht überflüssig schnell vorwärtskommt.
WALTER JOHANNES STEIN: Die dritte Stunde kann man nie richtig ausnutzen.
EUGEN KOLISKO: In der Chemie kann man die drei Stunden gut brauchen.
ROBERT KILLIAN wollte eine ähnliche Bitte stellen für den Sprachunterricht der 10. Klasse.
RUDOLF STEINER: Es ist wirklich sehr schwer, sich auf das Vorwärtskommen in den Sprachen einzulassen, wenn man auf der anderen Seite die Dinge, die die Kinder auch haben müssen, nicht bezwingt. Es ist viel zu wenig gemacht worden in den letzten Jahren auch in diesem Sachunterricht.
MARIA RÖSCHL; Wenn Handwerk kommt, habe ich keine [Latein] stunde.
RUDOLF STEINER: Es ist dies Sache des Stundenplans. Es müsste der Stundenplan in der Konferenz festgelegt werden. Sie haben mir den Stundenplan aufgeschrieben. Ich werde [ihn] durcharbeiten, um zu sehen, ob ich rein stundenplanmäßig selbst etwas ausarbeiten kann. Andererseits bebe ich zurück, wenn ich sehe, dass die Kinder auch so wenig können. [Es ist kein aktives Können in den Kindern], auch in den sachlichen Dingen. Die Kinder können so wenig von der Geschichte. Im Allgemeinen ist es doch so, dass die Kinder wenig wissen und wenig können. Es beruht darauf, dass nach und nach eine gewisse Gleichgültigkeit eingerissen ist, dass nicht das nötige Dabeisein da ist. In der 8b, da ist es fraglos. Sie brauchen nur fünf Minuten da sein, dann sehen Sie, dass die Kinder rechnen können. Es liegt an dem Dabeisein [des Lehrers bei der Sache]. Es ist auffällig, wie gut die Kinder rechnen konnten in der 8b. Das, was sie können, sieht man nicht an der Lösung der Beispiele, das besagt nicht viel, man sieht, dass sie überhaupt beschlagen waren im Ausführen der Rechnungsmethoden. Dass man das kann, das beweist der einzelne Fall, und im Rechnen geht es [sonst] fast überall schlecht.
[Zu Caroline von Heydebrand:] Die Kinder haben ziemlich viel gewusst. Sie müssen es nicht den Kindern überlassen, wenn sie etwas sagen wollen. Dadurch kommen diejenigen, welche faul sind, nicht dazu. Man muss darauf aus sein, [muss sich den Kindern so widmen, dass] keiner ungeschoren [bleibt]. Die gesprochen haben, haben viel gewusst. Der Geschichtsunterricht ging ganz gut.
FRITZ VON BOTHMER fragt, oh man nicht Abende außerhalb der Schulzeit einführen könnte, wo die Lehrer untereinander und auch die Schüler sich treffen. Wo die Schüler, die nirgends sonst sein können, die Abende nützlich verbringen.
RUDOLF STEINER: Sicherlich würde das gut sein. Es kommt darauf an, wie die Lehrer sich dabei verhalten. Es darf nicht zu dem führen, was damals hervortrat, dass ein Vorsitzender aus der Schülerschaft gewählt wird.
FRITZ VON BOTHMER: Ich dachte an Vorträge, Musik und so weiter, ohne Aussprache.
RUDOLF STEINER: Es kann sehr gut wirken. Es kann wiederum missliche Verhältnisse hervorrufen.
Ich werde, was die Frage des Stundenplans betrifft — Sie wollen den Stundenplan durcharbeiten. Ich fürchte, es kommen da Dinge heraus, die schwer zu lösen sein werden, weil so viel Stunden statuiert werden, die sie allein [nicht] bewältigen können.
MARIA RÖSCHL: Ich möchte je eine Stunde mehr haben [für die alten Sprachen].
RUDOLF STEINER: Die Stunden kann man nicht vermehren.
Mehrere Lehrer über Stundenplan und Stundenvermehrung.
RUDOLF STEINER: Diese Vermehrung der Stundenzahl kann nicht im absoluten Sinne angestrebt werden, nur im relativen Sinne, dass man von der anderen Seite Stunden wegnimmt.
ERICH SCHWEBSCH: In der 10. Klasse sind Schüler, die vierundvierzig Stunden haben [in der Woche].
RUDOLF STEINER: Darin liegt auch der Grund, warum viele gar nichts können.
MARIA RÖSCHL: Die Schüler arbeiten mit.
RUDOLF STEINER: Ich werde den Stundenplan mitgeben.
PAUL BAUMANN fragt wegen der Wahl für die, die sich musikalisch ausbilden wollen.
RUDOLF STEINER: Wenn wir eine Scheidung eintreten lassen, so müssen wir etwas [wie] eine Art [Dreiteilung machen], humanistisches, realistisches, künstlerisches. Wir müssten diese Dreiteilung eintreten lassen. Ob das gehen wird ohne wesentliche Vermehrung der Mitglieder des Lehrerkollegiums, das muss ich aus dem Stundenplan sehen.
MARIA RÖSCHL: Die Schüler wollen überall mittun.
RUDOLF STETNER: Das wird vielleicht eine Aufgabe sein für das Lehrerkollegium; über dies müsste sich das Kollegium noch äußern.
Nun aber zu den Dingen, die nicht so sind, wie sie sein sollten, und die ich wirklich habe wachsen sehen zu meiner Besorgnis. Das ist, dass tatsächlich für die oberen Klassen, und für die gilt das hauptsächlich, das vorliegt, dass der Unterricht etwas wie Sensation ist, dein man sich hingibt. Das gibt auch dem Unterricht etwas so Unregsames. Sie wollen jede Stunde eine andere Sensation haben. Es ist eigentlich der Unterricht [in den oberen Klassen] eine Sehnsucht nach Sensationen [geworden]. Das ist aber etwas, was tatsächlich kultiviert worden ist. Es geht zu wenig nach dem Können hinaus, sondern nach dem einfachen Aufnehmen. Sensationell ist das für viele. Wenn [die Schüler] so wenig beschäftigt werden innerlich, und man ihnen so wenig Verantwortungsgefühl beibringt, so denken sie sich; Da kann ich alles Mögliche mitnehmen. Das ist vielfach die Stimmung. Das würde psychologisch möglich sein. Dazu ist viel zu wenig abgerückt von dem Hochschulbetrieb. Es ist so ein Hochschulbetrieb für die jungen. [Es ist noch nicht wirklich Schulbetrieb.]
MARIA RÖSCHL: Wenn die Schüler energisch mittun, gebe ich auch zwei [Sprach]stunden [hintereinander], ohne müde zu werden.
RUDOLF STEINER: Wenn man eine Klasse in Regsamkeit erhält, [das] macht mehr müde, als wenn sie schläft.
ROBERT KILLIAN fragt wegen einer Lehr-kraft für die neueren Sprachen.
RUDOLF STEINER: Die Kraft für die neueren Sprachen, von der reden wir schon lange. Nicht wahr, man könnte ja Tittinann berufen. Aber ich wage es nicht, weil nach jeder Richtung gespart werden muss. Denken Sie, wenn wir gar kein Geld haben für die Waldorfschule, wovon sollen wir es hernehmen? Mir wäre es am liebsten, wenn das Lehrerkollegium verdoppelt würde, aber es geht nicht.
Das ist eigentlich etwas, was nicht direkt mit dem Iden Schwierigkeiten] zusammenhängt. Die meisten Dinge sind mehr in der Gesinnung begründet, in dem Willen, Es müsste zum Beispiel tatsächlich das aufhören, dass man [ganz scheußliche, schundige] Schulbücherliteratur für den Unterricht verwendet.
Die Frage des Unterrichtsplans wollen wir besprechen, wenn ich zurückkomme. Da bitte ich schon, bis Ende Oktober die Sache durchzuführen, wie es ist. Ich hoffe, dass wir da Ende Oktober zu ganz radikalen Maßnahmen schreiten werden. Nur fürchte ich, dass es nicht durchgeführt werden kann.
KARL STOCKMEYER fragt wegen der Erklärung betreffend die ausgewiesenen Schüler, die in der Zeitschrift «Anthroposophie, und in Tageszeitungen erscheinen sollte. Es wurden in der Öffentlichkeit in dieser Sache nicht nur entstellte, sondern völlig erfundene Dinge berichtet und als Tatsachen herumgeboten.
RUDOLF STEiNER: Diese Erklärung würde eine Erklärung gegenüber der Öffentlichkeit sein. [...] [Weiteres über die Gerüchte.]
Es ist wirklich so, dass es durch ganz Stuttgart geht. Also da handelt es sich darum, dass es verlorene Zeit ist, [die Behörden] aufzuklären, [aber] die Öffentlichkeit darf nicht wiederum Unaufgeklärtem ausgesetzt sein. Es wäre doch. notwendig, dass gesagt würde, man mag über die Gründe denken wie man will, aber man tritt gewissen Gerüchten entgegen mit aller Energie und weist sie zurück dadurch, dass man sie als eine wirkliche Unwahrheit erklärt.
ERNST UEHLI: Das Kollegium muss eine Erklärung ausgehen lassen, auch. Presse benützen.
RUDOLF STEINER: Es kann in der «Anthroposophie» erscheinen, es kann woanders erscheinen, das mag schon sein. Natürlich kann es nicht mit Ausschluss der Öffentlichkeit erscheinen. [Zu Ernst Uehli, oder Ernst Uehli selbst:] Man müsste sehen, ob Fräulein Kabel — ihr Verhältnis hat sich geändert, dies ist mir entgegengetreten, sie hat auch jetzt wieder teilgenommen, da sie Korrespondentin ist beim Stuttgarter Tagblatt. Man kann vielleicht auf diesem Weg Fräulein Rabel dahin bringen, dass sie eine redaktionelle Erklärung bringt.
Es darf nicht vergessen werden, dass es sich nicht handelt um eine Schulsache, sondern um eine Sache der anthroposophischen Bewegung. [Nicht der Gesellschaft, denn] die Gesellschaft schläft [ja]. Es müsste doch irgendwie eine Erklärung ausgehen. Das war doch das .Allererste, dass es ohne das überhaupt nicht abgeht. Man kann das nicht. Wenn wir überhaupt so etwas tun, so müssen wir das vor aller Öffentlichkeit rechtfertigen. Jedenfalls habe ich es noch [so] interpretiert, dass man es auch [tun] muss. [Sonst wird es] so etwas -wie ein Nagel am Sarg der Bewegung. Ohne dass man eine Sache macht daraus; im Sinne einer Verteidigung dürfen wir das gar nicht behandeln. Deshalb war ich erschrocken, als Sie mir nach Darnach das Protokoll brachten, über [das] ich Sie anraunzen konnte, weil ich es schmählich fand, über Dummejungenstreiche Gerichtsverhandlungen mit einzelnen Schülern anzustellen.
ERICH SCHWEBSCH: Wäre es möglich, den Wortlaut jetzt festzustellen?
RUDOLF STEINER: Nicht wahr, es kann jemand Vorschläge machen. Ich glaube nicht, dass dies so einfach geht, ohne dass es in aller Ruhe formuliert wird von jemandem, der Vorschläge macht darüber,
KARL STOCKMEYER fragt wegen der Gestaltung der Zeugnisse für diese Schüler.
RUDOLF STEINER: Zeugnisse? Das ist ja, — ein solches Nachgeben einer Persönlichkeit gegenüber wie die Frau L., wobei es nichts nützt, was sie schreibt —) das ist wiederum etwas, was zum Unfug führt.
Ich kann mich gar nicht an der Diskussion beteiligen, weil einem die Menschen entgegenhalten, es ist das erste Mal, dass ich von der Sache erfahren habe. Es sind Fehler gemacht worden krasser Art. Man hätte die Eltern etwas erfahren lassen sollen davon. Meinetwillen kann man schon die Abgangszeugnisse so gestalten, dass es nur aus der Sittennote ersichtlich ist, wie sie sind; das macht die Sache viel schlechter. Die Leute wissen ja doch, dass sie herausgeschmissen worden sind; und dann bekommen sie gute Zeugnisse. Nun kommen Ausschlüsse [sonst] selten vor, was die meisten Lehrer nicht wissen. Diese Dinge sind einfach Unsinn.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Wir müssen konsequent sein.
WALTER JOHANNES STEIN schlägt drei Punkte vor:
RUDOLF STEINER: Es wird am besten sein, wenn Dr. Schwebsch beauftragt wird, diese Erklärungen zu formulieren. Vielleicht kann ich es noch sehen. Kolisko ist zu viel daran beteiligt. Ich hake es nicht für gut, wenn der am meisten daran Beteiligte die Sache macht. Machen Sie ein Dreierkollegium, das müssen Sie aus sich heraus bestimmen. Dann legen Sie mir den Plan vor.
Was die Elternversammlung betrifft, da sage ich, dass sie gemacht werden kann; [aber ohne mich]. Es könnten Dinge gesagt werden, die nicht von mir zurückgewiesen werden können, wenn ich etwas hören würde, das ich nicht verteidigen kann. Ich kann nicht Dinge, die ich hier sage, den Eltern sagen. Es muss eine Art reiner Tisch sein, die Lehrer müssen die Schule wieder in die Hand genommen haben. Man muss nicht zu reden brauchen über die Dinge, die nicht gut gehen. Ich würde meinen, dass es ganz gut wäre, eine Elternversammlung; [aber] die müsste auch so vor sich gehen, dass man als Lehrerschaft dabei ist [bei der Sache]. Diese Dinge, die ich vorhin moniert habe, sind schon solche, die mit der Sache innig zusammenhängen. Es muss ein Zug hineinkommen lin die Schule, und namentlich] muss manches Spielerische heraus. Ernst muss hineinkommen.
Wie steht es mit dem [abgegangenen] Schüler H. Z.?
ROBERT KILLIAN antwortet und berichtet.
RUDOLF STEINER: Wir müssen uns fest darauf stützen, dass er nicht aus der 3., sondern aus der 2. Klasse ausgetreten ist. Dann müssen wir versuchen, ein wenig zu motivieren, warum es [nur] scheinbar ist, dass die Schüler nicht so weit sind am Ende der 2. Klasse, das ist natürlich schon das. Nun ist ja dieser H. Z. nach den Proben, die mitgeschickt worden sind, ein [bisschen] wenig weit gekommen. Das ist ein bisschen wenig weit, dass der «feil» schreibt [statt Pferd]; solche Beispiele sind mehrere. Auch das will nicht einmal (viel] sagen. Auch dieser Brief ist wohlwollend geschrieben. Dieser Passus hier: «Diese Addition konnte er nur mit seinen Fingern machen», das ist nicht schlimm. Er kann also die Zahl 7 als Ganzes noch nicht zu einer anderen Zahl hinzufügen.
Die beiden Stellen, welche uns gefährlich werden können, sind im Folgenden gelegen. Wenn man uns entgegenhalten kann, er kann weniger, als man mit einer Rechenmaschine erzielt — das ist das eine, worauf wir uns stützen können. [Da] müssen wir sagen: Es ist unsere Bestrebung, auf andere Weise die Zahlbegriffe zu entwickeln; wir halten es noch nicht für eine Möglichkeit in so jungen Jahren. Wir müssen auf diese Rechenmaschine eingehen. — Dann ist das für uns gefährlich, angesichts dessen, dass also das Diktat recht schlimm ist. [Da müssen] wir einfach sagen, dass bei uns das Diktatschreiben [in der 2. Klasse] noch nicht [vorgesehen] ist. — Für einen Schulmeister-verstand der Gegenwart ist es verführerisch; mit dem kann man uns am leichtesten packen. Wir müssen uns dagegen wehren, wir müssen uns das nicht sagen lassen. Wir müssen ganz energisch und schneidig die Sache verteidigen. Wir müssen darin auf die Stimmung sehen. Wir müssen dem Manne die Möglichkeit abschneiden, bei diesen zwei Punkten anzusetzen. Wir müssen mit dem bitteren Humor die Sache parieren. — Das Abgangszeugnis ist auch erschwerend, er hat bei uns ein gutes Zeugnis bekommen.
Auch dieser Brief ist wohlwollend geschrieben; [zum Beispiel]: «Im Rahmen meines Unterrichts war es mir nicht möglich, seine weiteren mitgebrachten Kenntnisse auszubauen.» [Aber] das ist für einen Schulmeister unfassbar, dass er «fert» schreibt.
CAROLINE VON HEYDERBRAND: Wir haben auch solche Schüler bekommen, die nicht schreiben konnten.
RUDOLF STEINER: Diese Dinge müssen benützt werden. Wenn Sie das aufweisen könnten, dann muss das herein. Der hat zweieinviertel Seiten Schreibmaschine, extra hat er das vollgeschmiert. Wir müssen ebenso viel zurückschreiben. Sarkastisch müssen wir zurückschreiben. Wir müssen doch Enthusiasmus entwickeln. Wir können so weit gehen, Sie brauchen nur Goethes Briefe anzuschauen, da werden Sie auch Fehler von diesem Kaliber finden.
Mir kommt das Kollegium wie eine schwere Masse vor. Es kommt nicht heraus, es hat nicht die Kraft, diese Sache den Leuten ins Gesicht zu werfen. Wir müssen die Dinge benützen. Es ist eine schwere Masse, das Lehrerkollegium. Sie sitzen auf kurulischen Stühlen der Waldorfschule. Wir müssen leben,
[Auf eine Bemerkung von Robert Killian:] Wir müssen die Dinge, die uns zur Verfügung stehen, ausnützen; wir müssen in derselben Länge schreiben, nicht wie Herr Stockmeyer schreibt, mit dem Ton, der wohlwollend und nicht verletzend ist.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Habe ich meine Briefe immer so schlecht geschrieben?
RUDOLF STEINER: Es wird vielleicht nur bei denen der Fall gewesen sein, die ich gesehen habe.
VIOLETTA PIINCKT fragt wegen eines auswärtigen Schülers J. K., der bei feuchter Witterung nicht zur Schule kommen kann.
RUDOLF STEINER: Man kann dem Vater eine bindende Auskunft geben. Man sagt ihm, wenn das Kind nicht in Stuttgart wohnt, soweit man überhaupt eine Verantwortung übernehmen kann, kann man es [nicht] auf sich nehmen. Aber wenn der Junge eine Fahrt macht, so ist für den Jungen das Ausgesetztsein an feuchte Witterung etwas, was man kaum verantworten kann, ob der junge in gesunder Weise mitkommt. Man muss dem Vater sagen: Wir wissen schon, wie es sich mit dem Jungen verhält. Wir können nicht anders entscheiden, als, wenn er den Jungen nicht hineingeben will nach Stuttgart, so soll er ihn aus der Schule herausnehmen. Die Verantwortung müssen wir übernehmen.
WALTER JOHANNES STEIN: Schüler in den oberen Klassen nehmen Stellen an.
RUDOLF STEINER: Was geht es uns an, wenn es ein ordentlicher Schüler ist?
KARL STOCKMEYER erwähnt den Brief von Miss Beverley wegen eines Besuches englischer Lehrer.
RUDOLF STEINER: Man wird sie ja schon uns besuchen lassen müssen. Aber ich möchte wirklich, dass bis dahin eine andere Atmosphäre in der Schule ist. — Man muss sie in den Klassen verteilen.
ERICH SCHWEBSCH fragt wegen der Behandlung der Farben im Kunstunterricht.
RUDOLF STEINER: Können Sie nicht einmal das machen, dass Sie [das ausführen], was ich gestern den Knaben und Mädchen gesagt habe? Was ich heute gesagt habe, das war zeitgeschichtlich. Das, was ich direkt über Farbenbehandlung gesagt habe, müsste der Gegenstand vieler Stunden werden. Vielleicht kann es Fräulein Waller [aus Dornach] besorgen, [was ich angegeben habe]. Ich meine, direkt übergehen in praktische Behandlung von Farben, das müsste man mit dieser Klasse machen, sodass sie sich bewusst werden desjenigen, was sie in den unteren Klassen tun. Sie müssten sich [dessen] bewusst werden. Dann natürlich müsste gerade in unterrichtlicher Beziehung nach den mannigfaltigen Dingen dasjenige sehr viel ausgebildet werden, was Sie angefangen haben in ihren Entsprechungen, was Sie auch zeichnen lassen. Ich meine nicht bloß Kurven; Sie können es auch für Farben machen. Sie können zum Beispiel, ebenso, wie Sie es in den Kurven [tun], kontrastieren einen runden begrenzten blauen Fleck und einen ausschweifenden gelben Fleck. Sie [dürfen] das nicht zu früh machen. [In den unteren] Klassen müssten [die Farben ganz] nur in der Anschauung leben.
Dann kann man von da übergehen zur vergleichenden Anatomie. Man kann die vorderen und hinteren Extremitäten kontrastieren. Man kann kontrastieren die Wahrnehmungs-, die Fühlfähigkeit gewisser Tiere mit dem [Schwanz]wedeln des Hundes [vor Freude]. Darin steckt dasselbe Problem. Da kommt man ins Leben hinein, da kommt man in Realitäten hinein. Diese Dinge müssten in alle Unterrichtszweige hineingebracht werden. Es ist bei manchen Kindern wie Pech in ihrem Hirn, sie können nicht denken. Man muss solche Dinge mit innerem Anteil treiben, sodass man dabei ist. Und [auch] aus dem Turnunterricht können Sie viel lernen.
Es ist so, dass die Buben gestern recht ungeschickt waren. Ich meine naturgetnäß ungeschickt, und dass der Turnunterricht es [recht] schwer haben wird. Eine [zweite] Turnlehrkraft müssen wir haben. Turnstunden können Sie höchstens vierzehn [gehen]. Es ist gar nicht zu viel; wenn wir achtzehn Stunden kriegen, müssten wir eine zweite Turnlehrkraft haben. Der Turnunterricht ist insbesondere für Knaben, wenn er nicht in der pedantischen Weise getrieben wird, wie er sonst gemacht wird, [sondern] tatsächlich darauf hinausläuft, eine körperbildende Kraft zu haben, ist er neben dem Eurythmieunterricht sehr gut.
FRITZ VON BOTHMER: Ich greife hinunter bis zur 6. Klasse.
RUDOLF STEINER: Nun müssen wir natürlich noch weiter hinuntergehen.
FRITZ VON BOTHMER: Ich habe mir die Frage vorgelegt, ob ich nicht mit einer Wochenstunde. die Sache erledigen könnte.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Der Sohn von Morgenstierne will hierher kommen.
RUDOLF STEINER: Ich habe solch eine Räubergeschichte vorn Morgenstierne gehört. Man müsste wissen, was geschehen ist. Man müsste wissen, warum der weggegangen ist.
GERTRUD BERNHARDI: Bei mir in der 7. Klasse ist der B. B. Können Sie mir einen Rat geben?
RUDOLF STEINER: Er ist in einer zu hohen Klasse für seine Kenntnisse. Ist er faul? Ich finde bloß, [es ist sein Wesen], dass er schwedisch ist, da muss man auf das schnelle Fassen meistens überhaupt verzichten. Sie fassen langsam, aber wenn man sehr häufig auf solche Sachen zurückkommt, [geht es]; sie lieben es sehr, [wenn] wiederholt wird. Das ist vielleicht das Ganze, was bei ihm zu beobachten ist.
ERICH SCHWEBSCH: Er ist ein [raffinierter] Schwindler; das Lügen fällt ihm leicht.
HANS RUTZ: Er hat ein freches Benehmen,
RUDOLF STEINER: Er ist schwach von Begriff. Ein Schwindler? Das ist nicht wahr. Er macht diese Dinge, die vielfach besprochen worden sind. Er war ja auch in der Gruppe darin, die Sie [Schubert?] einmal behandelt haben. Aber all das sind Dinge, die kaum anders zu fassen sind, als dass man sich um ihn kümmert, und dass er ein bisschen Autoritätsgefühl entwickelt. Wenn er aber vor irgendjemandem Respekt hat, wie vor Herrn Leinhas, [dann geht es]. Es kommt darauf an, dass man sich wiederholt mit ihm über die Sache unterhält. Frech ist er nicht. Es kommt wirklich darauf an, dass man sich in Respekt setzt. Er hat dazumal, wie er unter diese Gruppe gemischt worden ist, da hat er eine furchtbare Ranküne gefasst, das konnte er lange nicht verwinden.
OLGA LEINHAS erzählt die Sache mit den zehn Mark.
RUDOLF STEINER: Es war eine Verwickelung mit dem kuriosen Rechtsbegriff. Er hatte formal unrecht, er hat gefunden, dass der Mann eine Strafe verdient. Dieser Gedankengang war ihm lange nachgegangen. Man muss manchmal bei den Kindern solche Sachen herausfinden und muss gerade über diese Dinge sprechen und sie beruhigen. Frisst das als Unruhe in ihnen fort, so wird es schlimm, und das wird es auch bei all diesen Buben. Es wird schlimm, wenn die Kinder die Meinung haben, der Lehrer durchschaut nicht das Richtige. In dieser Beziehung dürfen wir nicht gleichgültig sein; wir müssen uns darum bekümmern, dass die Kinder nicht glauben, man fällt über sie ein ungerechtes Urteil. Wenn sie dies glauben, dann dürfen wir uns nicht verwundern, wenn sie frech werden.
GERTRUD BERNHARDI: Unsere Waldorfschulkinder sind sehr empfindlich.
RUDOLF STEINER: Diese Empfindlichkeit ist gerade in diesem Alter, bis sie ...
MARIA RÖCHEL: Was ist mit dem lateinischen Unterricht?
RUDOLF STEINER: Sie müssen die Stunde behalten und müssen es denen freistellen, die ins Handwerk gehen wollen.
[Zu Erich Schwebsch:] Sie müssen es [auch] den Kindern freistellen. Es ist eben eine force majeure.
Ich würde es gar nicht für schlimm enden, wenn Herr Wolffhügel etwas dafür sorgt, dass unsere Klassen nicht so schmucklos sind, sondern etwas künstlerischen Inhalt hätten. Amusisch wirkt auch noch unsere Schule.
BETTINA MELLINGER fragt wegen des Sprachunterrichtes in der 7. und 8 Klasse: Ein Drittel gehört zu den Anfängern, zwei Drittel zu den Besseren. Könnte man nicht die Anfänger extra nehmen und die Fortgeschrittenen für sich?
RUDOLF STEINER: Die Misere ist diese, dass man nicht die Kinder mit gleichen Stufen zusammentut. Ist es denn ganz unmöglich, die Kinder [so] zu gruppieren? Da muss man [die], die in der 5. Klasse sind, hinuntersetzen. Wir haben es nach und nach dahin gebracht, dass wir klassenweise den Sprachunterricht erteilen. Das ist eine furchtbare Verschwendung unserer Kraft. Ob das nun gar nicht gehen sollte, dass wir ihn in Gruppen erteilen und nicht Klasse für Klasse?
GERTRUD BERNHARDE: Das kollidiert mit der Zeit.
RUDOLF STEINER: Bei diesen Dingen bedaure ich immer noch, dass ich nicht noch mehr daran teilnehmen kann. Ich kann nicht glauben, dass es nicht ginge. Ich glaube doch, dass es ginge, wenn man einfach die Schüler nach ihrer Befähigung zusammenstellt, dass man da Gruppen herausbekäme, und trotzdem mit dem Stundenplan zu-rechtLime.
JOHANNA DOFLEIN: Ich möchte helfen.
RUDOLF STEINER: Mit gutem Willen müsste etwas zu machen sein.
BETTINA MELLINGER: Mit der 7. und R. ginge es.
RUDOLF STEINER: Ich glaube, dass man mit derselben Stundenzahl auskommen könnte.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Bei einigen ist es eingerichtet.
RUDOLF STEINER: Ich kann mir nicht vorstellen, dass es nicht durchführbar wäre, dass man für die Sprachstunden gewisse Stunden der Woche hat, in die die Sprachstunden fallen. Dann lässt es sich durchführen.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Der katholische Religionsunterricht ist im Weg.
RUDOLF STEINER: Vielleicht wird es doch sich machen lassen, dass der Sprachunterricht auf ganz bestimmt fixierte Stunden in der Woche fällt.
ALEXANDER STRAKOSCH fragt, ob Herr Doktor den W A. aus der 7. Klasse angesehen habe.
RUDOLF STEINER: Nicht wahr, Gott, er ist ein Bub, der aufgestachelt wird von allem Möglichen. Er ist besser geworden, und dann, nicht wahr, wenn man ihn veranlasst, auch manchmal gute Dinge zu sagen, so wird er an ihnen Gefallen finden. Er findet an den Sachen Gefallen. Es wäre doch gut, wenn Sie ihm ernsthafte Sachen mitteilten, die er öfter abschreiben muss. Heileurythmie würde nicht viel helfen. Er muss sehr seriöse Sachen üben.
ALEXANDER STRAKOSCH: Was haben Sie sonst [anzumerken bei meiner KIassel?
RUDOLF STEINER: Im Ganzen muss die Klasse noch mehr dabei sein bei der Sache. Sie sind nicht drinnen im Stoff, Es ist ja die 7a, nun, nicht wahr, etwa dreizehnjährige Jungens und Mädchen. Nun ja, ich glaube natürlich, dass eine gewisse Belebung des Rechenunterrichtes sehr viel beitragen könnte zum Aufgewecktersein. Sie sind nicht aufgeweckt, die Kinder. Etwas könnte [man] schon beitragen zum Aufgewecktsein. Ich glaube, dass die Kinder keine richtige Vorstellung haben, was Potenzen und Exponenten sind. [Zu Hermann von Baravalle:] Machen Sie besondere Sachen, [um zu erklären], warum man von Potenzen spricht?
HERMANN VON BARAVALLE: Ich hin vorn Wachsenlassen ausgegangen.
RUDOLF STEINER: Ich meine, so etwas Novellistisches [sollte man] hineinschieben in den IRechen]unterricht, dass der Vorgang von innen aus klar wird. Man kann das in der allermannigfaltigsten Weise machen. Es muss [immer] in der Sache liegen. Die Methoden, die Sie angewendet haben mit den Jungens, [dass sie] mit den Fingern das machen, das äußerliche Schema, da ist kein innerer Zusammenhang. Da kommt es ins Spielerische hinein. Ich glaube nicht, wenn sie nicht sehr sich zusammennehmen, dass diese Jungen und Mädchen nach einem Jahr dieselbe Gleichung lösen können [wie die jetzige 8. Klasse]. Das ist die Frage, ob sie es können werden. Sie sind nicht aufgeweckt. Es ist doch noch eine Stufe des kälberigen Denkens, wenn es notwendig ist.
ALEXANDER STRAKOSCH: Die ganze Klasse ist zu kindisch.
RUDOLF STEINER: Die Parallelklasse von Fräulein Bernhardi, wenn man trennen würde die Befähigung der Schüler und das, was sie können, die sind eigentlich fähig, sie sind aufgeweckter. [Ihre] sind nicht aufgeweckt.
ALEXANDER STRAKOSCH: Dann habe ich sie dumm gemacht.
RUDOLF STEINER: Im Ganzen bist es] eine Klasse, die ziemlich homogen ist. Bei der Klasse von Heydebrand gibt es sehr Befähigte und richtig Dumme. Ihre Klasse ist homogen. Eine sehr schwere Klasse. Sie, [in der 8b], haben Geniale in Ihrer Klasse. Diese 8b sind fast lauter Genies. Ich glaube, es sind bei Ihnen [in der 7.] sehr viele darin, die von Natur sehr dumm sind. Ich glaube doch, dass man sie aus ihrer Lethargie herausholen muss. Sie haben Mehltau an sich.
[Frage an Herrn Rutz, ob er zufrieden sei:] Sie haben zweierlei Stoff behandeln müssen.
Ich bedaure es ungeheuer, dass ich nicht überall genügend lange habe darin sein können. Es wäre wirklich manches leichter gewesen, wenn nicht diese ungeheuren moralischen Schwierigkeiten aufgetreten wären, die einen in Anspruch nahmen, dir binden können [?]. Wenn also wirklich ein hoIder Einklang gewesen wäre zwischen dem pädagogischen Kurs und den Meistern der Pädagogik auf dem Berge, ich hätte ganz anders können zurechtkommen hier. So war alles zäh und schwer durchzuführen. Sie brauchen nicht böse zu sein, wenn ich sage, das Lehrerkollegium ist eine schwere, kompakte Masse, das auf den kurulischen Stühlen so fest sitzt. Dadurch kommen wir unter die Räder. Wir werden die schlimmsten Anfeindungen noch erfahren.
VIOLETTA PLINCKE: Weil Herr Doktor so selten kommt, so staut sich alles zusammen.
RUDOLF STEINER: Dann müssten wir doch die Kunst erfinden, das Jahr zu 975 Tagen zu machen, Ich war in der letzten Zeit immer irgendwo. Seit November 1921 war ich fast immer irgendwo. Nicht nirgends. Also ich kann nicht mehr hier sein. Alle Dinge würden besser gehen, wenn nicht dieses System zu sehr einrisse. Da hätte sich die anthroposophische Bewegung nicht ausdehnen dürfen über den Status von 1914. So ist es nicht richtig, so zu denken. Ganz genau dasselbe sagt das Ärztekollegium. Herr Kändler aus Hamburg war hier, der fand es auch nötig, dass ich nach Hamburg führe. Aber ich würde diese Frage erst [für] diskussionsfähig halten, wenn ich sehen würde, dass alle die Dinge, die da sind, verarbeitet werden. Der pädagogische Kurs, der gehalten worden ist, der enthält alles, man braucht ihn nur zu verarbeiten. Ich würde auch beim Arztekollegium niemals so schreckliche Sachen sagen, wenn ich sehen würde, dass es verarbeitet würde. Die Dinge werden links liegen gelassen. Es ist so, als ob ich niemals einen Seminarkurs hier gehalten hätte.
ERICH SCHWEBSCH spricht über die Schwierigkeiten durch die schlechten Wohnungsverhältnisse.
RuDot.E STEIN ER: Gewiss hat das eine große Bedeutung. Nur ist auf der anderen Seite eine Einwendung [zu machen], wenn ich anklagen wollte. Es ändert nicht die Tatsache, dass die Schule so ist. Das ändert es ja nicht. Ich will nicht anklagen, ich will nur sagen, die Dinge sind so. Es ist furchtbar schwer. Ich habe so viel gesagt, was im Schlund sitzt. Es ist herausgeboren aus der Einsicht, dass es anders werden muss. Nicht wahr, diese Sache, dass zum Beispiel einfach kein Kontakt ist hier untereinander, das wird wohl nicht mit der Wohnungsfrage zusammenhängen. Dass jeder seine Extrawege geht, das hängt zusammen mit dem, wie die Schule ist. Wenn in Stuttgart das anthroposophische Leben ein harmonischeres wäre, dann würde die Schule auch profitieren. Es ist in der letzten Zeit schlechter geworden. Moralisch schließt sich jeder in seinen vier Wänden ab, und bald wird es dahin kommen, dass man sich nicht einmal mehr kennt. Das ist schlechter geworden im Laufe der Zeit. [Was der Einzelne tut, muss fortströmen in den anderen, in den Kräften der Gesellschaft. Freudige Anerkennung und Wertschätzung dessen, was der Einzelne leistet. Der gute Wille fehlt. Die freudige, entgegenkommende Anerkennung der Leistungen fehlt. Die Leistungen der Einzelnen fallen unter den Tisch. Reden von dem, was anerkannt werden kann. Das Stuttgarter System: das Nichtanerkennen. Das hemmt die Leistungen. Wenn ich arbeite und es geschieht nichts, bin ich gelähmt. Negative Urteile haben nur neben positiven eine Berechtigung. Es besteht eine Sorglosigkeit gegenüber den positiven Leistungen. Man wird gelähmt, wenn keine Katze sich um die Arbeit kümmert, die einer leistet.]
Das ist in hohem Maße geschehen, dass der Kontakt zwischen Schüler und Lehrer verloren gegangen ist. ES hat sich jetzt wiederum herausgestellt. Ich habe halt nicht die Garantie, dass sich solche Dinge nicht unter Umständen wiederholen könnten, wenn dieselbe Sorglosigkeit weitergeht.
JOHANNES GEYER fragt wegen eines ständigen Klassenlehrers auch für die Oberklassen.
RUDOLF STEINER: Die Sache war ja früher nicht anders. Es war eine Zeit, in der die Schüler hingen an Dr. Stein: Bis zu einem gewissen Augenblick, dann hat es aufgehört.
EUGEN KOLISKO: Es hat viel Zersplitterung gegeben dadurch, dass viele krank waren.
RUDOLF STEINER: Die Katastrophe ist ausgebrochen, gerade als das Wegbleiben ausfiel. Im Ganzen sind es nicht üble Schüler. Es sind nicht üble Schüler, die da sind. Das ist doch schon eine Sache, die — ich will [es] nicht drastisch ausdrücken, es kommt mir vor, als oh eine gewisse Gleichgültigkeit eingerissen wäre. Es war diese Gleichgültigkeit gar nicht so stark vorhanden, als die Lehrer mehr zu tun hatten. Seit der Zeit, seit die Lehrer entlastet sind, ist eine gewisse Gleichgültigkeit eingetreten.
WALTER JOHANNES STEIN: Einige haben mir gesagt, ich mache es falsch.
RUDOLF STEINER: Es waren keine erheblichen Sachen. Sie haben ein bisschen gesponnen beide.
Es müssen wahrscheinlich Gründe da sein, dass Parteien entstehen. Es entstehen in Stuttgart — ich sehe, man redet in der Welt von Kausalität, das heißt Ursache und Wirkung; es entsteht in der Welt die Wirkung aus den Ursachen —, hier in Stuttgart entstehen die Wirkungen aus gar keinen Ursachen. Es sind keine Ursachen da. Wenn man Ursachen haben will, dann gibt es keine.
Nicht wahr, wenn ich jetzt rede darüber, dass wir drei Tagt verloren haben mit den jungen Leuten, weil eine repräsentative Persönlichkeit aus dem Forschungsinstitut (Ruhen) die Leute irre gemacht hat, wenn man jemand festhalten wollte an den Ursachen, dann will er persönliche Erklärungen geben, aber die Ursachen findet man nicht. Doch wirkt es ungeheuer, wenn jemand so einen Riesenkohl redet und die Fama verbreitet, er hypnotisiert alle Leute. Dann ist es ein Mensch, der hinter sich hat die Herren des Forschungsinstitutes, Das ist die bürokratische Seite der Sache. Nicht wahr, das ändert die Sache nicht.
Die Wirkungen haben sich drüben abgespielt. Die Wirkungen sind verheerend. Der Aspekt der Wirkungen hat sich gezeigt. Hier ist durch das Stuttgarter System eine absolute Widerlegung, des Gesetzes der Kausalität. Man muss doch Vorstellungen darüber haben, dass jemand im Forschungsinstitut ist. Die Abnormität liegt darinnen, dass er das Forschungsinstitut repräsentiert hat. Die Ursachen sind schon da, aber sie werden immer abdisputiert. Man wird sich ihrer nicht bewusst. Man hat immer die Wirkungen, und die Ursachen werden wegdekretiert. Wenn nun die 0 mit 5 multipliziert, kommt nichts heraus. Ich müsste erst wissen, was die 0 für einen Wert hat. [...]
Weitere Ausführungen dazu und über den pädagogischen Jugendkurs.
RUDOLF STEINER: Wenn ich hierhergekommen wäre und hätte hören müssen, ja, diese jungen Leute laufen uns das Haus ein, die stecken immer da bei uns, dann würde ich es für einen Zustand gefunden haben, in dem man hätte zur Mäßigung mahnen können. Ich bin überzeugt davon. Ich habe bei einer bestimmten Gelegenheit gefragt: Warum ist der Killian nicht hier? — Man antwortete mir: Wir haben keine Veranlassung, daran zu denken, dass Killian da sein sollte.
Ich meine es nicht so, als ob ich den allergeringsten Vorwurf machen würde. Auch wenn wir das weiter diskutieren: Es sind keine Ursachen da. Das ist das Trostlose, dass das Stuttgarter System darin besteht, dass Wirkungen da sind, die keine Ursachen haben.
Sie werden nicht gern zugeben wollen, dass man die Sache nicht richtig betrachtet, wenn man sagt: Zu denen haben sie [kein] Vertrauen. Sondern umgekehrt: Warum haben wir es nicht zu dem Richtigen gebracht, dass sie ein begründeteres Vertrauen gehabt hätten, als dies ist. Da ist doch nichts damit gesagt.
Ich habe die große Schwierigkeit, [dass] gar niemand da ist, Ried diesen Dingen gerade entgegenarbeitet. Es liegen weitgehende Versäumnisse vor. Es ist die Frage für uns, wie wir das Vertrauen der Leute gewinnen. Sie haben einfach nichts gemacht, um es zu einem positiven Zusammenarbeiten kommen zu lassen. Die Leute haben keinen Grund gehabt, misstrauisch zu sein. Es ist gar nicht bis zu diesem Punkt gekommen, wo die Frage auch nur für die Gemüter zur Diskussion gestanden wäre. Die kamen gar nicht vor die Frage. Die jungen Leute bemerkten gar nicht, dass Sie da sind. Sie bemerkten die Geister am Berge gar nicht. Wenn mir jemand gesagt hätte, der Killian ist ein verdrehter Zwickel, so hätte ich eine Ursache. Aber sie sagten: Wir haben gar nicht daran gedacht.
Als jener erledigt worden war, stand «Stockmeyer» drauf. Es kommt darauf hinaus, nicht dass die [jungen] Leute kein Vertrauen haben, sondern dass ihnen keine Gelegenheit gegeben wird, Vertrauen zu entwickeln. Es kam bei Killian gar nicht heraus, dass sie kein Vertrauen hatten. Die großen Meister auf dem Berge waren einfach gar nicht da. Nun soll man sich vorstellen, dass Maikowski angestellt ist in Stuttgart.
ERNST UEHLI über die frechen Manieren von Maikowski.
RUDOLF STEINER: Der ist ein furchtbar bescheidener Mensch. Es haben die Leute nicht gewusst, dass Sie da sind. Sie haben nicht gewusst, dass es einen Bund für freies Geistesleben gibt.
ERNST UEHLI: Unter denen, die vorn Bund nichts wissen wollen, ist der Herr Maikowski.
RUDOLF STE1NER: Das ist eine Wirkung. So hätten die Leute schon durchgefunden; man hat ihnen den Weg nicht geebnet.
Sie waren ein fürchterlicher Schimpfierer gegen dieses Stuttgarter System. Es ist nicht gut, selbst diesem System zu verfallen. Ich möchte doch> dass manches auf dieses Fehlen der Ursache ernster genommen wird als bisher. Es ist seriös, diese Sache. Sonst wird auch das wirklich zu spät; das In-die-Hand-Nehmen der Sache wird zu spät.
Thirty-eighth Conference
RUDOLF STEINER: Is everyone here? Yes, we have gathered today because we first need to discuss various matters. Also because Mr. Stockmeyer felt he needed to raise something following the events of the last conference, and now I am not sure whether we should do that first.
KARL STOCKMEYER: How should we deal with the parents of the expelled students? We thought that the note of expulsion should not be included in the report card. There is a letter from Father W.
RUDOLF STEINER reads the letter aloud: Would anyone like to discuss this further?
WALTER JOHANNES STEIN: What is the objection to not including the passage in the report card?
RUDOLF STEINER: The whole of Stuttgart is talking about the school, and then these rumors will culminate in the idea that the teaching staff does not have the courage to stand up for what it has done.
KARL STOCKMEYER: R. S. has asked for a certificate; he needs a leaving certificate.
Several teachers discuss a statement to be given.
RUDOLF STEINER: When something like this happens in a school, it is not an affair like here. People talk about whether this or that corresponds to what is usual in schools, while the matter is something that could discredit the entire Waldorf school if it is exploited. You talk as if you were unaware that there is a Mr. von Gleich. When someone is expelled from a school, no one cares. What I fear is this: if no understanding is formed now, if it is treated in this way, then we will soon have another such case.
I did not say he must be expelled, [but] it may be that he will have to be expelled. The whole purpose of the suspension was to give us the opportunity to discuss the matter afterwards. If you come to me in Dornach with a pile of incredible investigations, then there is nothing more to be done. Then the matter will be beyond remedy. [I said] that the matter must be investigated. But investigating does not mean conducting judicial interrogations of the boys and girls. I wanted the suspension because I no longer had any confidence.
KARL STOCKMEYER: I only remembered that the other students had to be suspended.
RUDOLF STEINER: I said conditionally: if M. G. really did give injections, then it will probably be necessary to expel him. You only investigated afterwards.
EUGEN KOLISKO: The matter of the injections was completely clear.
RUDOLF STEINER: It is clear that the boys were playing. No one knows what he injected. It was a game. The whole suspension was so that the matter could be investigated after my arrival. The thing is that the M. G. case will only cause this unpleasantness together with the others. For the things that are becoming a difficulty for the school, the reason is that the others had to be removed. The difficulty lies in the whole case.
HERBERT HAHN asks Rudolf Steiner to say something about the lost contact with the students.
RUDOLF STEINER: The contact between the teaching staff and the students in the upper classes was lost. This is not something that has just happened. This became very clear when the students in the highest class requested a meeting with me. This fact alone clearly indicated that contact with the students had been lost. That is the fundamental phenomenon of the matter. As soon as such contact is truly established, the things that have happened will no longer occur.
How could a decision be made over the phone in such a matter, since it was not possible to look at the matter! At the stage the matter was at when I brought the minutes, which contained things that should never have been said, there was a real conflict between the teaching staff and the students, so that I had no other choice but to decide, as it was not possible to go so far as to appoint the students as teachers. It was a case of [a contrast] between teachers and students, which had even come to light in a grotesque manner. It had come to the point where the students themselves were saying that the teachers spoke to them differently as teachers and as human beings. It was an open conflict between the teaching staff and the students. There is no other [option] but to decide. It's just a matter of wording. What I said on the phone was this: you have to investigate the matter, you have to find out what the causes are. Instead, they interrogated people! Investigation can only reveal what is going on through observation. I would have understood if the teaching staff had tried to get to the bottom of the matter, but conducting interrogations is something that is completely unacceptable. I also don't believe that these interrogations had already taken place when the first telephone conversation took place.
EUGEN KOLISKO: There was no interrogation before the second telephone conversation.
RUDOLF STEINER: The conversation could only mean that if the serious suspicion was correct that M. G. had injected a student with morphine or opium, then he should be expelled.
EUGEN KOLISKO: An injection administered by a young person seems to me such nonsense that there is nothing else to do but expel him.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Dr. Kolisko must carry this out.
RUDOLF STETNER: Yes, but isn't it true that Kolisko must also know how he intends to carry this out?
RUDOLF STEINER: This approach is the one that will harm the movement the most. You must consider the following. You see, recently we have been compelled to talk about the Waldorf school. We have been compelled to present the Waldorf school to the public as a model school, and in fact it is widely regarded as such. Those people who inquire about Waldorf schools in Stuttgart need only ask, and they will hear the exact opposite. I always refer to these things as what undermines the [anthroposophical] movement from within our own ranks. The point is whether we want to create something that will undermine the movement. [The anthroposophical movement is not undermined if we exclude Schiller.] It is undermined by things being said that we are powerless to counter. I am powerless to counter something that I cannot participate in discussing. I cannot expose myself by talking to the excluded students. I cannot talk at all after the students have been allowed to leave en masse. This makes it impossible for me to talk about the school at all. Especially at a time when the school has always been talked about.
I deeply regret that, even though I have been here, I have not seen everything. I have seen most things, [but not everything]. I must say that individual aspects of Waldorf school teaching, individual things, are quite excellent, still in the old excellent way. I must say that I prefer to say “excellent” as long as it is not [otherwise] necessary. [But] there are certain points that show that the Waldorf school principle is [sometimes] no longer being implemented. Everything really needs to be discussed here at the conference. It is impossible for me to walk into a classroom where the teacher [has a book in his hand and] reads aloud a problem from a math book, calculating what the sum will be if one person is of a certain age, a second person is of a certain age, a third person is of a certain age, and so on; seven people in a row have a certain age, and you calculate the sum of how much that adds up to. In a movement where people talk about only realistic things happening, they have students calculate how old they are altogether. What is the point of that? It is not reality. If such slackness can occur in school, then what I taught in my seminar course was simply for nothing.
For my part, if that were the only issue, I would not have said that people should not care about individual points, and I would not be leaving with such a heavy heart. I have always emphasized that the Waldorf school is something that could be taken out of the rest of the hustle and bustle, but now the Waldorf school has fallen prey to [the Stuttgart system] as well. That is the most bitter thing that can happen to [one] when one is forced to present the Waldorf school as a prime example. It must be in the atmosphere that contact with one another has been lost.
I must say that it fills me with the deepest concern when I see — when we founded the Waldorf school, we had to make a kind of declaration that, after the students had completed three grades, they could transfer to [other] schools. When I look at what has been achieved in three years — yes, that's right, we can no longer keep up. It is quite impossible for us to keep up!
I found the report by school inspector Eisele somewhat depressing. From what you have told me, I have formed the opinion that it was written with ill will. [The report is favorable!] I must admit that I found everything he wrote to be necessary, [for example], that no attention is paid to the fact that the students are constantly copying from each other. The things in it are true, that's the bitter part. You presented the idea as if Eisele had done it in a completely unfavorable way. It is actually written in such a way that you can see he does not want to attack the school. Of course, it comes across that he speaks like this when we completely ruin the children. Then, of course, we will suffer the consequences that what is good in principle is made bad by being applied badly. What is good must be applied well.
What we need is a certain enthusiasm, a certain inner [activity]. This has gradually disappeared. Only the [lower] classes still have any liveliness: what a terrible spectacle! The uninspiring nature of the lessons, the indifference with which they are taught, the lack of impulsiveness in them [must disappear]. Individual things are excellent, I have already told the individuals. In individual places, there is an absolute grinding down of what must be. We need life in the classes, real life, so that things come together. You really have to be able to go with something and agree with it if you want to represent it publicly. This possibility is completely denied to me. In many cases, the principle prevails that you no longer need to be prepared to go into the classroom.
I don't want to say this as something that one would otherwise do. I have to say it because people don't want to understand what I've been saying for years, that the Stuttgart system is destroying the [anthroposophical] movement by not allowing people to care about what the movement is all about. The Waldorf teachers have completely neglected to seek any contact. Now the Waldorf school reigns supreme, no connection [with the teachers], and when you ask, they say they didn't want us. — Isn't that true, that's the strongest criticism. [A bitter pill!] Every single body should feel that it belongs to society. That feeling no longer exists. I must repeatedly point out that we had the movement; as long as things were not established, namely things that those who established them lost interest in after a while, the movement continued. But here in Stuttgart, things were established that people [then] lost interest in. This is how the Stuttgart system came into being. Each clique goes its own way. Now the Waldorf school is also supposed to take on the same character, that it loses awareness of what it stands for.
That is why I have to say: it goes without saying that this case will not end well. But if there were a guarantee that opinion would change again, that one must act in accordance with the Waldorf school principle, if there were a guarantee for that! This guarantee does not exist. Do you think a whole lot of people will now come and want to observe at the Waldorf school? I always sit on pins and needles when someone comes and wants to observe at the Waldorf school. You can already make some discoveries there if you have thought about it outside. Of course, I know how much more difficult it is when such classes are put together. On the other hand, I miss the fire that should be in it. [There is no fire in it, but indifference.] There is a certain complacency in it. [When people come] [?], we cannot say that what was intended is somehow expressed.
WALTER JOHANNES STEIN: I want to go out —
RUDOLF STEINER: I don't want to cause any resentment myself. That's not the point. If I thought that things couldn't be done any other way, then we would have to talk differently. I always speak on the assumption that the faculty is made up of people who have the ability. I am convinced that it is due to the system here, but that people seem to have blocked ears and closed eyes [that people are asleep]. I have not reproached any teacher. But a slack attitude is creeping in. There is no diligence. Diligence could be changed. There is no diligence.
HERBERT HAHN: I would like to ask the doctor to say what has been neglected.
RUDOLF STEINER: This approach — which is not found in the usual debates — of forcing something into a foreign scheme that is mechanized, that the mechanism has nothing to do with it, is a gimmick [in the 4th grade] compared to the inner workings of the matter; I cannot say that this approach, playfully writing all sorts of things together, when what you give as an image is not an image, [but] merely a method of keeping the students busy for a few hours. I find it [highly] impossible to invent an external mechanical scheme for the interrelationship of linguistic things. What good does it do the students if you draw a figure for them and write “noun” in one corner [and so on]. It is all an external mechanism that makes teaching seem like a game. 4b has preceded it in a more rational way.
I hope that no resentment arises. It is actually what is at stake in the pedagogical debates, f already] better expressed. Speculation is certainly not a realistic thing. I was happy about the physical education lessons. The point is this: physical education must be decisively promoted by hiring another physical education teacher. The boys have really become sluggish.
[After a comment by Maria Röschl:] I wanted to point out that there are other factors at play. Stein has thoroughly misunderstood. I did not claim that anyone lacks the ability to do things the way I want them done. The point is that one must be a collaborator in the movement.
WALTER JOHANNES STEIN: I wondered whether my history lessons had deteriorated.
RUDOLF STEINER: That is the case with you. You have not always had the discipline to translate what you know about anthroposophy into a form that can be taught to small children. You have presented anthroposophy to the children when you taught history. You did not adapt [anthroposophy] to the level of the children. In the beginning, this worked because you taught history with tremendous enthusiasm. Two years ago, it must have been closer to your heart than what you are presenting now, so that at that time you awakened the children through your enthusiasm and passion, whereas now they are basically not really engaged. You have become casual and sluggish, and so you tire the children. Before, your personality had an effect; you were able to teach the children because your personality had an effect. It may be that you have fallen into this monotonous rhythm. Perhaps it was the “Gudrun” that brought you to this point. The children cannot keep up because they lose their thread of attention; they lose the thread of attention. You no longer engage them with the necessary enthusiasm. Now they have fallen asleep. You haven't become any less intelligent than you were back then; you could do better. Therefore, it would be your job to do better and not to say: I have to be thrown out. What I am saying is that you are not using your abilities. I am opposed to unwillingness, not inability.
[To Erich Schwebsch:] You just need to round yourself off [in detail] so that some of the lecturing tone comes out.
ERICH SCHWEBSCH: I am well aware of my stupidities.
RUDOLF STEINER [to Wilhelm Ruhtenberg]: I have [really] said enough to you.
CLARA MICHELS would like to work in smaller groups.
RUDOLF STEINER: We don't have the money. But that's a matter for the timetable.
ERICH SCHWEBSCH asks for more hours for French and English, as two hours are not enough in the 11th grade.
RUDOLF STEINER: These things will only work if we structure the program in such a way that we simply let the children decide which direction they want to take in their education. It is not possible to increase the number of hours. The number of hours has reached its maximum, both for teachers and for children. This also means that the children cannot concentrate. It would be necessary to let the children decide; those who want to take the high school graduation exam would have to limit themselves to Latin and Greek lessons. Then [they] would have to leave out other things. We would have to restrict the newer languages [for them] and give Latin and Greek lessons greater scope for development.
MARIA RÖSCHL: I get the children [for Latin and Greek lessons] after crafts, eurythmy, and singing, and now I really can't handle the children when they come to me exhausted.
RUDOLF STEINER: That may well be. As it is now, wanting the children to participate in everything, it will not work.
ERICH SCHWEBSCH: The separation between humanists and realists is necessary. Is it perhaps possible to cut the third hour from the main lesson?
RUDOLF STEINER: [From] the main lesson? That is a difficulty. One cannot say that the main lesson progresses superfluously quickly.
WALTER JOHANNES STEIN: The third hour can never be properly utilized.
EUGEN KOLISKO: In chemistry, the three hours can be put to good use.
ROBERT KILLIAN wanted to make a similar request for language teaching in the 10th grade.
RUDOLF STEINER: It is really very difficult to commit to progress in languages when, on the other hand, you don't master the things that children also need to learn. Far too little has been done in recent years in this subject as well.
MARIA RÖSCHL: When we have crafts, I don't have any [Latin] lessons.
RUDOLF STEINER: This is a matter for the timetable. The timetable should be decided in the conference. You have written down the timetable for me. I will work through it to see if I can work something out myself based purely on the timetable. On the other hand, I hesitate when I see how little the children know. [The children have no active knowledge], even in practical matters. The children know so little about history. In general, it is the case that the children know little and can do little. This is due to the fact that a certain indifference has gradually crept in, that the necessary presence is not there. In class 8b, there is no question about it. You only need to be there for five minutes to see that the children can do arithmetic. It's because of the teacher's presence [in the classroom]. It's striking how well the children in class 8b could do math. You can't see what they can do from the solutions to the examples, that doesn't say much, but you can see that they were well versed in the methods of calculation. The individual cases prove that they can do it, and [otherwise] almost everyone is bad at math.
[To Caroline von Heydebrand:] The children knew quite a lot. You mustn't leave it up to the children if they want to say something. That way, the lazy ones don't get a chance. You have to be on the ball [and devote yourself to the children in such a way that] no one gets away scot-free. Those who spoke knew a lot. The history lessons went quite well.
FRITZ VON BOTHMER asks whether evenings outside school hours could be introduced, where teachers could meet among themselves and also with the students. Where students who have nowhere else to be could spend their evenings usefully.
RUDOLF STEINER: That would certainly be good. It depends on how the teachers behave. It must not lead to what happened in the past, where a chairperson was elected from among the students.
FRITZ VON BOTHMER: I was thinking of lectures, music, and so on, without discussion.
RUDOLF STEINER: It can work very well. But it can also lead to unfortunate circumstances.
As far as the timetable is concerned, you want to work through the timetable. I'm afraid that some issues will arise that will be difficult to resolve because so many hours are stipulated that you cannot manage on your own.
MARIA RÖSCHL: I would like to have one more hour each [for the ancient languages].
RUDOLF STEINER: The hours cannot be increased.
Several teachers on the timetable and increasing the number of hours.
RUDOLF STEINER: This increase in the number of hours cannot be sought in an absolute sense, only in a relative sense, by taking hours away from the other side.
ERICH SCHWEBSCH: In the 10th grade, there are students who have forty-four hours [per week].
RUDOLF STEINER: That is also the reason why many of them cannot do anything.
MARIA RÖSCHL: The students are working with us.
RUDOLF STEINER: I will provide the timetable.
PAUL BAUMANN asks about the choice for those who want to study music.
RUDOLF STEINER: If we allow a division, we must make something [like] a kind of [tripartite division], humanistic, realistic, artistic. We would have to allow this tripartite division. Whether this will be possible without a significant increase in the number of teaching staff, I will have to see from the timetable.
MARIA RÖSCHL: The students want to participate in everything.
RUDOLF STETNER: That may be a task for the teaching staff; the staff would still have to comment on this.
But now to the things that are not as they should be, and which I have really seen grow to my concern. That is that, especially for the upper classes, lessons have become something of a sensation to which one devotes oneself. This also makes the lessons somewhat unruly. They want a different sensation every lesson. Teaching [in the upper classes] has actually become a longing for sensations. But this is something that has actually been cultivated. It is too little about ability and too much about simple absorption. For many, this is sensational. When [the students] are so little engaged internally and are taught so little sense of responsibility, they think to themselves: I can take in all kinds of things. That is often the mood. Psychologically, that would be possible. There has been far too little departure from the university system. It is a kind of university system for young people. [It is not really a school system yet.]
MARIA RÖSCHL: When the students participate energetically, I can teach two [language] lessons [in a row] without getting tired.
RUDOLF STEINER: Keeping a class active is more tiring than when they are asleep.
ROBERT KILLIAN asks about a teacher for modern languages.
RUDOLF STEINER: We have been talking about a teacher for modern languages for a long time. We could appoint Tittinann, couldn't we? But I don't dare to do so, because we have to economize in every area. Do you think that if we have no money for the Waldorf school, where should we get it from? I would prefer it if the teaching staff were doubled, but it is not possible.
This is actually something that is not directly related to the difficulties. Most things are based more on attitude, on the will. For example, we really need to stop using [horrible, trashy] textbooks for teaching.
We will discuss the question of the curriculum when I return. I would ask that the matter be carried out as it stands until the end of October. I hope that we will take quite radical measures at the end of October. I only fear that it cannot be carried out.
KARL STOCKMEYER asks about the statement concerning the expelled students, which was to appear in the magazine “Anthroposophie” and in daily newspapers. Not only distorted, but completely fabricated reports on this matter have been published and presented as facts.
RUDOLF STEINER: This statement would be a statement to the public. [...] [More about the rumors.]
It is really true that it is spreading throughout Stuttgart. So it is a matter of wasted time to enlighten [the authorities], [but] the public must not be left in the dark. It would be necessary to say that, whatever one may think of the reasons, certain rumors must be countered with all one's energy and refuted by declaring them to be completely untrue.
ERNST UEHLI: The faculty must also issue a statement. Use the press.
RUDOLF STEINER: It can appear in “Anthroposophy,” it can appear elsewhere, that may well be. Of course, it cannot be published without the public being informed. [To Ernst Uehli, or Ernst Uehli himself:] We would have to see whether Miss Kabel — her relationship has changed, this has been brought to my attention, she has also participated again now, as she is a correspondent for the Stuttgarter Tagblatt. Perhaps in this way we can get Miss Rabel to issue an editorial statement.
It should not be forgotten that this is not a school matter, but a matter for the anthroposophical movement. [Not for society, because] society is asleep [yes]. Some kind of statement would have to be issued. That was the very first thing, that it would not work without it. It cannot be done. If we do something like this at all, we must justify it in public. In any case, I interpreted it as meaning that it must be done. Otherwise it will be like a nail in the coffin of the movement. Without making an issue of it; we must not treat it as a defense. That's why I was shocked when you brought me the minutes afterwards, which I could scold you for, because I found it shameful to hold court hearings with individual students over silly pranks.
ERICH SCHWEBSCH: Would it be possible to determine the wording now?
RUDOLF STEINER: No, someone can make suggestions. I don't think it's that easy without it being calmly formulated by someone who makes suggestions about it.
KARL STOCKMEYER asks about the design of the report cards for these students.
RUDOLF STEINER: Report cards? That is, — such a concession to a personality like Mrs. L., whereby nothing she writes is of any use —) that is again something that leads to mischief.
I can't even participate in participate in the discussion because people argue that this is the first time I have heard about the matter. Serious mistakes have been made. The parents should have been informed about this. For my sake, the leaving certificates can be designed in such a way that only the conduct grade reveals what they are like; that makes the matter much worse. People know that they have been expelled, and then they get good certificates. Now, expulsions are rare, which most teachers do not know. These things are simply nonsense.
KARL STOCKMEYER: We must be consistent.
WALTER JOHANNES STEIN proposes three points:
RUDOLF STEINER: It would be best if Dr. Schwebsch were commissioned to formulate these statements. Perhaps I can still see it. Kolisko is too involved in it. I don't think it's a good idea for the person most involved to do it. Set up a three-member committee; you must decide that for yourselves. Then submit the plan to me.
As for the parents' meeting, I say it can be held; [but without me]. Things might be said that I cannot refute if I hear something I cannot defend. I cannot tell the parents the things I say here. There must be a clean slate; the teachers must have taken control of the school again. There is no need to talk about the things that are not going well. I would think that a parents' meeting would be quite good; [but] it would also have to be conducted in such a way that the teaching staff are involved [in the matter]. The things I complained about earlier are already closely related to the matter. There must be a change in the school, and in particular] some of the playful elements must be removed. Seriousness must be introduced.
What about the [departed] student H. Z.?
ROBERT KILLIAN replies and reports.
RUDOLF STEINER: We must firmly base ourselves on the fact that he left the 2nd grade, not the 3rd. Then we must try to motivate a little why it is [only] apparent that the students are not so far along at the end of the 2nd grade, which is of course already the case. Now, according to the samples that were sent along, this H. Z. has come a [little] way. It is a little way that he writes “feil” [instead of Pferd]; there are several such examples. That doesn't even mean [much]. This letter is also written in a benevolent tone. This passage here: “He could only do this addition with his fingers,” is not a big deal. So he cannot yet add the number 7 as a whole to another number.
The two points that could be dangerous for us are as follows. If someone can argue that he can do less than what can be achieved with a calculator — that is the one thing we can rely on. [Then] we have to say: It is our aim to develop numerical concepts in other ways; we do not yet consider it a possibility at such a young age. We have to respond to this calculator. — Then that is dangerous for us, given that dictation is quite bad. [We have to] simply say that dictation [in the 2nd grade] is not yet [planned] for us. — For a contemporary schoolmaster's mind, it is tempting; it is the easiest way to get a hold of us. We must resist this; we must not let ourselves be told this. We must defend the matter very energetically and boldly. We must pay attention to the mood in this regard. We must cut off the man's opportunity to address these two points. We must parry the matter with bitter humor. — The leaving certificate is also a complicating factor; he received a good certificate from us.
This letter is also written in a benevolent tone; [for example]: “Within the scope of my teaching, it was not possible for me to build on the additional knowledge he brought with him.” [But] it is inconceivable for a schoolmaster that he writes “fert” (finished).
CAROLINE VON HEYDERBRAND: We also had students who couldn't write.
RUDOLF STEINER: These things must be used. If you can prove it, then it must be included. He has two and a quarter pages typed, and he has smeared it all over. We must write back just as much. We must write back sarcastically. We have to develop enthusiasm. We can go so far as to look at Goethe's letters, where you will also find mistakes of this caliber.
The faculty seems like a heavy mass to me. It doesn't come out, it doesn't have the strength to throw this thing in people's faces. We have to use things. The teaching staff is a heavy mass. They sit on kurul chairs at the Waldorf School. We have to live.
[In response to a comment by Robert Killian:] We have to make use of the things that are available to us; we must write in the same length, not as Mr. Stockmeyer writes, with a tone that is benevolent and not hurtful.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Have I always written my letters so badly?
RUDOLF STEINER: Perhaps that was only the case with those I have seen.
VIOLETTA PIINCKT asks about an out-of-town student, J. K., who cannot come to school in wet weather.
RUDOLF STEINER: You can give the father a binding answer. Tell him that if the child does not live in Stuttgart, as far as we can take responsibility, we cannot take it on. But if the boy travels, his exposure to wet weather is something that we can hardly take responsibility for, whether the boy comes along in a healthy way. We must tell the father: We already know how things stand with the boy. We have no choice but to decide that if he does not want to send the boy to Stuttgart, he should take him out of school. We have to take responsibility.
WALTER JOHANNES STEIN: Students in the upper grades are taking jobs.
RUDOLF STEINER: What does it matter to us if he is a good student?
KARL STOCKMEYER mentions Miss Beverley's letter regarding a visit by English teachers.
RUDOLF STEINER: We will have to let them visit us. But I really want there to be a different atmosphere in the school by then. — They must be distributed among the classes.
ERICH SCHWEBSCH asks about the treatment of colors in art lessons.
RUDOLF STEINER: Can't you just do what I told the boys and girls yesterday? What I said today was about contemporary history. What I said directly about the treatment of colors should be the subject of many lessons. Perhaps Miss Waller [from Dornach] can take care of [what I have indicated]. I mean, moving directly on to the practical treatment of colors, that should be done with this class, so that they become aware of what they are doing in the lower classes. They need to become aware of this. Then, of course, in relation to teaching, after the manifold things, what you have begun in their correspondences, what you also have them draw, would have to be developed very much. I don't mean just curves; you can also do it for colors. For example, just as you do with curves, you can contrast a round, limited blue spot with a sprawling yellow spot. You must not do this too early. In the lower classes, colors should only exist in the imagination.
Then you can move on to comparative anatomy. You can contrast the front and rear extremities. You can contrast the perception and sensitivity of certain animals with the [tail] wagging of a dog [in joy]. The same problem lies here. That's how you get into life, that's how you get into reality. These things should be brought into all branches of teaching. Some children are like pitch in their brains, they can't think. You have to do such things with inner involvement, so that you are present. And you can learn a lot from physical education [too].
The fact is that the boys were quite clumsy yesterday. I mean naturally clumsy, and that physical education will be [quite] difficult. We need a [second] physical education teacher. You can have a maximum of fourteen [lessons]. That's not too much; if we get eighteen hours, we would need a second physical education teacher. Physical education is particularly good for boys, if it is not conducted in the pedantic manner in which it is usually done, [but] actually amounts to having a body-building force, it is very good alongside eurythmy lessons.
FRITZ VON BOTHMER: I'm going down to the 6th grade.
RUDOLF STEINER: Now, of course, we have to go even further down.
FRITZ VON BOTHMER: I asked myself whether I could do the job with one lesson a week.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Morgenstierne's son wants to come here.
RUDOLF STEINER: I have heard such a robber story about Morgenstierne. One would have to know what happened. One would have to know why he left.
GERTRUD BERNHARDI: B. B. is in my 7th grade class. Can you give me some advice?
RUDOLF STEINER: He is in a class that is too advanced for his knowledge. Is he lazy? I just think [it's his nature] that he is Swedish, so you usually have to give up on quick comprehension altogether. They are slow to grasp things, but if you come back to such things very often, [it works]; they love it very much [when] things are repeated. That is perhaps the whole thing that can be observed in him.
ERICH SCHWEBSCH: He is a [sophisticated] swindler; lying comes easily to him.
HANS RUTZ: He has a cheeky demeanor,
RUDOLF STEINER: He is slow on the uptake. A swindler? That's not true. He does these things that have been discussed many times. He was also in the group that you once treated [Schubert?]. But all these are things that can hardly be dealt with other than by taking care of him and helping him develop a little sense of authority. But if he respects someone, such as Mr. Leinhas, [then it works]. It is important to talk to him repeatedly about the matter. He is not cheeky. It really depends on showing him respect. When he was mixed up with that group, he developed a terrible grudge that he couldn't get over for a long time.
OLGA LEINHAS tells the story of the ten marks.
RUDOLF STEINER: It was a complication involving the curious concept of justice. Formally, he was wrong; he thought the man deserved punishment. This train of thought haunted him for a long time. Sometimes you have to find out about such things with children and talk to them about them and reassure them. If it continues to gnaw at them, it will be bad, and that will be the case with all these boys. It will be bad if the children think that the teacher does not see things correctly. We must not be indifferent in this regard; we must take care that the children do not believe that they are being judged unfairly. If they believe this, then we should not be surprised when they become insolent.
GERTRUD BERNHARDI: Our Waldorf school children are very sensitive.
RUDOLF STEINER: This sensitivity is particularly pronounced at this age, until they ...
MARIA RÖCHEL: What about Latin lessons?
RUDOLF STEINER: You must keep the lessons and leave it up to those who want to go into a trade.
[To Erich Schwebsch:] You must [also] leave it up to the children. It is simply a force majeure.
I would not consider it a bad thing at all if Mr. Wolffhügel could ensure that our classrooms were not so bare, but had some artistic content. Our school still seems unmusical.
BETTINA MELLINGER asks about language teaching in grades 7 and 8: One third are beginners, two thirds are more advanced. Couldn't the beginners be taught separately from the more advanced students?
RUDOLF STEINER: The problem is that children of the same level are not grouped together. Is it really impossible to group the children [in this way]? Then we would have to lower the level of those in the 5th grade. We have gradually moved towards teaching language classes by grade. This is a terrible waste of our energy. Would it really be impossible to teach them in groups rather than class by class?
GERTRUD BERNHARDE: That would conflict with the timetable.
RUDOLF STEINER: When it comes to these things, I still regret that I cannot be more involved. I cannot believe that it would not be possible. I do believe it would be possible if we simply grouped the students according to their abilities, which would result in groups, and still fit within the timetable.
JOHANNA DOFLEIN: I would like to help.
RUDOLF STEINER: With good will, something should be possible.
BETTINA MELLINGER: It would work with the 7th and R.
RUDOLF STEINER: I believe that the same number of hours would suffice.
KARL STOCKMEYER: It's already set up for some.
RUDOLF STEINER: I can't imagine that it wouldn't be feasible to have certain hours of the week set aside for language lessons. Then it could be done.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Catholic religious education is in the way.
RUDOLF STEINER: Perhaps it will be possible to have language lessons at specific fixed times during the week.
ALEXANDER STRAKOSCH asks whether the doctor has seen W A. from the 7th grade.
RUDOLF STEINER: Isn't that right, God, he is a boy who is provoked by all sorts of things. He has improved, and then, isn't that right, if you encourage him to say good things sometimes, he will take pleasure in them. He takes pleasure in these things. It would be good if you told him serious things that he has to write down often. Eurythmy therapy would not help much. He has to practice very serious things.
ALEXANDER STRAKOSCH: What else do you have to say about my class?
RUDOLF STEINER: Overall, the class needs to be more engaged in the subject. They are not immersed in the material. It is class 7a, after all, with boys and girls aged around thirteen. Well, I believe, of course, that a certain enlivening of the arithmetic lessons could contribute greatly to their alertness. The children are not alert. Something could be done to make them more alert. I don't think the children have a proper idea of what powers and exponents are. [To Hermann von Baravalle:] Do you do anything special [to explain] why we talk about powers?
HERMANN VON BARAVALLE: I started with letting them grow.
RUDOLF STEINER: I think something novelistic [should be] incorporated into arithmetic lessons so that the process becomes clear from within. This can be done in a variety of ways. It must [always] be relevant to the subject matter. The methods you used with the boys, [having them] do it with their fingers, the external scheme, there is no inner connection. That's where it becomes playful. I don't think that unless they pull themselves together, these boys and girls will be able to solve the same equations [as the current 8th grade] after a year. The question is whether they will be able to do so. They are not bright. It is still a stage of calf-like thinking, if necessary.
ALEXANDER STRAKOSCH: The whole class is too childish.
RUDOLF STEINER: Miss Bernhardi's parallel class, if you were to separate the abilities of the students and what they can do, they are actually capable, they are more bright. [Yours] are not bright.
ALEXANDER STRAKOSCH: Then I made them stupid.
RUDOLF STEINER: Overall, it is] a class that is fairly homogeneous. In Heydebrand's class, there are some who are very capable and some who are really stupid. Your class is homogeneous. A very difficult class. You [in 8b] have geniuses in your class. These 8b students are almost all geniuses. I believe that there are many in your class [in 7th grade] who are naturally very stupid. I do believe that they need to be brought out of their lethargy. They have mildew on them.
[Question to Mr. Rutz, asking if he is satisfied:] You had to cover two different subjects.
I deeply regret that I was not able to spend enough time on everything. Many things would have been easier if it hadn't been for these enormous moral difficulties that demanded my attention and tied me down [?]. If there had really been a harmonious agreement between the educational course and the masters of pedagogy on the mountain, I could have managed quite differently here. As it was, everything was tough and difficult to carry out. You need not be angry when I say that the teaching staff is a heavy, compact mass, sitting so firmly on their curule chairs. This is what is causing us to fall by the wayside. We are yet to experience the worst hostility.
VIOLETTA PLINCKE: Because the doctor comes so rarely, everything piles up.
RUDOLF STEINER: Then we would have to invent the art of making the year 975 days long. I have been somewhere or other all the time lately. Since November 1921, I have almost always been somewhere. Not nowhere. So I can't be here anymore. Everything would be better if this system didn't interfere so much. The anthroposophical movement should not have been allowed to expand beyond its 1914 status. It's not right to think that way. The medical council says exactly the same thing. Mr. Kändler from Hamburg was here, and he also thought it necessary for me to go to Hamburg. But I would only consider this question open for discussion once I saw that all the issues that exist had been dealt with. The educational course that has been held contains everything; it just needs to be processed. I would never say such terrible things to the medical association if I could see that it was being processed. Things are being left untouched. It's as if I had never held a seminar course here.
ERICH SCHWEBSCH talks about the difficulties caused by poor housing conditions.
RuDot.E STEIN ER: Certainly, that is very important. But on the other hand, there is an objection [to be made] if I wanted to make accusations. It doesn't change the fact that the school is like that. It doesn't change it. I don't want to make accusations, I just want to say that this is how things are. It's terribly difficult. I have said so much that is stuck in my throat. It stems from the realization that things have to change. Isn't it true that, for example, the lack of contact between people here is probably not related to the housing situation? The fact that everyone goes their own way is related to the way the school is. If anthroposophical life in Stuttgart were more harmonious, the school would also benefit. Things have gotten worse recently. Morally, everyone is closing themselves off within their own four walls, and soon we will reach a point where we no longer even know each other. This has gotten worse over time. [What the individual does must flow into others, into the forces of society. Joyful recognition and appreciation of what the individual achieves. Goodwill is lacking. Joyful, welcoming recognition of achievements is lacking. The achievements of individuals fall by the wayside. Talk about what can be recognized. The Stuttgart system: non-recognition. This inhibits achievement. When I work and nothing happens, I am paralyzed. Negative judgments are only justified alongside positive ones. There is a carelessness towards positive achievements. You become paralyzed when no one cares about the work you do.
To a large extent, contact between students and teachers has been lost. This has now become apparent once again. I simply have no guarantee that such things could not happen again if the same carelessness continues.
JOHANNES GEYER asks about a permanent class teacher for the upper classes as well.
RUDOLF STEINER: Things were no different in the past. There was a time when the students were attached to Dr. Stein: until a certain moment, then it stopped.
EUGEN KOLISKO: There was a lot of fragmentation because many were ill.
RUDOLF STEINER: The catastrophe broke out just as the absence ended. On the whole, they are not bad students. The students who are there are not bad. That's one thing that — I don't want to put it too drastically, but it seems to me that a certain indifference has crept in. This indifference wasn't so strong when the teachers had more to do. Since the teachers' workload has been reduced, a certain indifference has set in.
WALTER JOHANNES STEIN: Some have told me that I'm doing it wrong.
RUDOLF STEINER: It wasn't anything significant. They were both a little crazy.
There must probably be reasons why parties arise. They arise in Stuttgart — I see that people talk about causality, that is, cause and effect; in the world, effects arise from causes — but here in Stuttgart, the effects arise from no causes at all. There are no causes. If you want to have causes, then there are none.
Isn't it true that when I talk about how we lost three days with the young people because a representative figure from the research institute (Ruhen) confused people, if you wanted to pin someone down on the causes, he would give personal explanations, but you can't find the causes. Yet it has a tremendous effect when someone talks such nonsense and spreads rumors, he hypnotizes everyone. Then it's a person who has the gentlemen of the research institute behind him. That's the bureaucratic side of things. That doesn't change anything, does it?
The effects have played out over there. The effects are devastating. The aspect of the effects has become apparent. Here, the Stuttgart system provides an absolute refutation of the law of causality. One must have some idea about someone who is in the research institute. The abnormality lies in the fact that he represented the research institute. The causes are already there, but they are always disputed. People are not aware of them. There are always the effects, and the causes are decreed away. If 0 is multiplied by 5, nothing comes out. I would first have to know what value 0 has. [...]
Further explanations on this and on the educational youth course.
RUDOLF STEINER: If I had come here and heard that these young people were running around the house, always hanging around with us, I would have found it a situation in which one could have urged moderation. I am convinced of that. On one occasion, I asked: Why isn't Killian here? — I was told: We have no reason to think that Killian should be here.
I don't mean this as the slightest reproach. Even if we discuss this further, there are no causes. The disheartening thing is that the Stuttgart system consists of effects that have no causes.
You will not want to admit that you are not looking at the matter correctly when you say: They have [no] confidence in them. Rather, the opposite is true: Why have we not managed to ensure that they had more justified confidence than they do now? That does not say anything.
I have great difficulty with the fact that no one is working to counteract these things. There have been widespread failures. The question for us is how we can win people's trust. They simply did nothing to bring about positive cooperation. People had no reason to be suspicious. It never even got to the point where the question was up for discussion. They didn't even consider the question. The young people didn't even notice that you were there. They didn't notice the ghosts on the mountain. If someone had told me that Killian was a twisted character, I would have had a reason. But they said: We didn't even think about it.
When that was done, it said “Stockmeyer” on it. The point is not that the [young] people have no trust, but that they are not given the opportunity to develop trust. It didn't even occur to Killian that they had no trust. The great masters on the mountain were simply not there. Now imagine that Maikowski is employed in Stuttgart.
ERNST UEHLI on Maikowski's cheeky manners.
RUDOLF STEINER: He is a terribly modest person. People didn't know you were there. They didn't know that there was a Federation for Spiritual Life.
ERNST UEHLI: Among those who want nothing to do with the Federation is Mr. Maikowski.
RUDOLF STEINER: That's one effect. People would have found their way; they weren't shown the way.
You were a terrible critic of this Stuttgart system. It is not good to fall prey to this system yourself. I would like> some things to be taken more seriously than before because of this lack of cause. This is a serious matter. Otherwise, it will really be too late; it will be too late to take matters into our own hands.
