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Pastoral Medicine
GA 318

16 September 1924, Dornach

Lecture IX

Dear friends,

You have seen how necessary it is to relate a state of illness in a human being to his or her spiritual life and experience. The understanding that should be brought to illness by the two groups of people who have especially to do with pastoral medicine can really only come from such a point of view. Therefore I would like once more to consider the actual state of illness in connection with a person's spiritual life, this time from a standpoint that I think will throw greatest light upon the nature of illness.

As human beings we alternate between waking and sleeping. You all know in general what can be said from our perspective about these two conditions.

Today let us hold clearly in our minds what really happens in the human being during sleep. The physical body and etheric body are by themselves; the astral body and ego are also by themselves. Turning first to the physical and etheric bodies, we know that by virtue of what these bodies are, certain processes go on that during the person's sleep are independent of the activity of the astral body and ego. In the human organism we find processes going on that are not at all suited to it in the way they must play themselves out. The physical body has to do with physical processes. Physical processes take their course outside in the mineral kingdom; they are suited to the mineral kingdom. They are not at all suited to the constitution of the human physical body. And yet while it is asleep this human body is, so to speak, subject to these physical processes in the same way that the mineral kingdom is. We must be aware of this contradiction in the human being precisely during sleep. During sleep the human being ought to be a world of physically active forces and substances, but this is something that really cannot be. That is why processes that go on in the physical body during sleep—unless they are brought into balance—cause illness.

The general assertion that sleep is healthful is correct in a certain sense, but only under certain conditions. And it must not prevent us from examining the true situation without prejudice. Physical processes in the human physical body can only be healthful when the ego and astral organization are down in the physical body, as is the normal condition during waking life. It is constantly interrupted by the sleep condition. Normally, however, even during sleep the catabolic process is still always going on in the physical body; it must be there so that the soul-life and spiritual life as a whole can really unfold. For the spiritual life is not connected with anabolic processes, only with catabolic processes. During sleep, therefore, there must be just as much of the catabolic processes as a person needs for waking life to unfold the next morning. If too many catabolic processes are there because of some unhealthy sleep condition, a residue of these processes piles up in the human organism, and then we have the inner cause for an illness.

If we extend our investigation to the etheric body, we find that during sleep only the processes can take place in the etheric body that can otherwise take place in the plant kingdom. During daytime consciousness, when the astral body and ego are in the etheric body, these processes are always raised to a higher level. But from the moment of a person's going to sleep to the moment of waking, they take their course in the same way that they do in the plant kingdom. Thus they too are not suited to the human organism; they need to be balanced by the astral body and ego. If they create a residue, this too is cause for illness. So we can say that sleep can show us how causes of illness really originate in the human organism. For they are fundamentally the normal sleep processes; at the same time they are the basis for human soul-spiritual life. And that points to a secret of this world—that whenever one penetrates to reality, one finds it has two sides! On one side, in the sleep condition of the human physical and etheric bodies we find the basis for spiritual development; on the other side, in the very same processes we find the basis for illnesses. Thereby illness is brought into direct connection with human spiritual development. Thus if we study what is active during sleep in the human physical and etheric bodies, we find the fundamental causes of illness.

Now let us consider from this point of view those who during waking life do not go down deeply enough into their physical and etheric bodies—which is what we have found to be the case in the mentally retarded or the psychopath. With such people the soul and spirit enter into processes of illness and live with them. Special value should be laid on this knowledge, that psychopaths and the so-called mentally disturbed are always closely involved in their inner lives with the causes of illness. You see, one has to look at such things carefully.

But now let us go to the outer world. Let us start from the human physical body (Plate VI, left) and consider the outer mineral world that relates to it. During sleep we have processes in the human physical body from which the ego is missing. They go on without really any inner working “motor.” But there is ego out there in the world in all those mineral processes. In them is what we can call world-ego. So we have on the one hand within the processes of the human physical body a condition of non-ego, a sum of processes that are egoless, processes that lack ego. And we have on the other hand in our outer environment a sum of mineral processes and mineral substances that are permeated by ego—that means, by all the hierarchies who are to be identified with ego. Mineral substance has ego.

Therefore let us assume that we observe in some person's physical body a process that should not be there, a sick process. It lacks ego. What can we do if we want to cure this condition? We can search outside in the mineral kingdom for that part of the ego that the person lacks, to cure what is too much asleep, to cure what is still continuing to sleep during waking life. Then we have the right remedy. If you give the substance that has an affinity to the sick organ, the ego-force that the organ lacked is brought into the organ. This is the principle underlying our search in inorganic nature around us for medicinal remedies for the physical body of the sick person. We have to find the corresponding substance that has ego-force; then it has a healing effect. Thus the transition from pathology to therapy rests upon a correct insight into the relation between the processes of the human physical body and the outer mineral world on the one hand, and the relation of the human etheric body to the plant world on the other. If we observe too exuberant a growth in the etheric body, we realize that the etheric body is lacking proper penetration by the astral body. Then we must search in the plant kingdom for the proper corresponding remedy. This is the direction our work must take.

One must recognize the spirit in nature, the spirit that is in the mineral and plant kingdoms of the world. It is the spirit, not the substance, that one must know, because in reality one heals the human being through the spirit that is in the mineral and in the plant. In its nature substance is not truly governed by spirit, but even so it has spirit in it. And those who want to heal without recognizing the spirit in stones and plants can only grope their way through traditional theory. They can try one thing or another and see whether it helps, but they will never know why it helps—because they will never know just where the spirit is in possession of some mineral or how it is in possession of it. To be a healer requires first and foremost a spiritual outlook on the world. And indeed this is the greatest anomaly of our time: that it is medicine itself that has the frightful disease of materialism. Medicine is seriously ill with materialism. It has become blind and is falling asleep, and this is creating harmful soul substances in science. It really needs to be healed. One can indeed say, the sickest entity of our time is not Turkey,12The sickest entity ...” This refers to a European expression, “the sick man of Europe,” applied to the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century. as was the case in nineteenth-century Europe, but the medical profession. This is a fact that physicians should know—as well as the theologians, for then perhaps the secret will remain among those to whom it has been entrusted!

Let us look at these things more closely. There are certain persons who are not psychopathic or insane in the sense in which one is justified in using those terms, but who nevertheless illustrate what I have been talking about during the last few days. They descend into their physical and etheric bodies in such a way that they acquire a certain perceptible connection to their sick condition, to sick processes. These are sleepwalkers, whose peculiar state is not make-believe; it has often been described to the general public, and every initiate knows it well. While they are in their somnambulistic condition, they describe their illnesses. They go down into their physical and etheric body. Now the normal human being in waking life has the physical and etheric bodies completely saturated by the astral body and the ego. In the case of these sick individuals, the ego and astral body do not combine with the etheric and physical body in accordance (figuratively speaking) with their exact atomic weight. Some of the ego and astral body is left out; it has not entirely sunk down. But then it is this element that is able to perceive. Only that part of the ego and astral body perceives that has not sunk down into the etheric and physical body. When some of the astral body and ego is superfluous in such a person, then there is this inner perception, and the person can describe his or her own illness.

But now there is another condition—a condition of the opposite kind, in which the normal sleep condition is disturbed. In this case, when the ego and astral body are outside the physical and etheric body and things happen in the ego and astral body that do not belong in this soul-spiritual entity (as the things I was just describing did not belong in that physical-etheric body), when too much spirit is experienced by the ego and astral body during sleep (as too much nature was experienced in the opposite condition by the physical-etheric body), then a clairvoyance comes about that borders on a pathological state. The individual carries into sleep a certain power to perceive spiritual things, then afterward carries back memories of spiritual perception into waking consciousness. In particular, these abnormal spiritual perceptions appear in lively dreams. And then, as every initiate knows, we observe that the dreams have the following content.

Suppose the sick person, the physically sick person, is in the former condition I was describing and dips down with the spirit and soul into the physical-etheric body and then experiences the illness in a somnambulistic condition. The sick person experiences a strong catabolic process going on in the physical-etheric body, a kind of reverse process of nature. But now suppose the person is outside the physical body with the astral body and ego. Then the person has experiences of the spiritual aspect of external nature. Suppose the person experiences a sick organ inwardly—sick because it allows some outer process to occur in an unhealthy way. This is experienced in the somnambulistic state, and the inner process is described. If the person is in the opposite condition, the somnambulism works into the ego and astral body when these are farther out of the physical and etheric body. If the spiritual, elemental life of nature comes into dreams, the person experiences what is spiritual in the minerals. And what does the person dream about? The person dreams of the medicinal remedy. Here you have the connection between many aspects of somnambulistic life. The somnambulist alternates between two conditions, as I have described. In one condition dreaming of the illness, in the other condition dreaming of the remedy. And generally speaking, that is the way pathology and therapy were explored in the old mysteries.

In those times there was not so much experimenting as there is today. The sick person was brought into the temple and put into a kind of somnambulistic condition by trained temple priests. This condition was increased to the level at which the sick person could describe the process of the illness. Then the opposite somnambulistic condition was brought about, and the temple priest was told the dream that contained the therapy. This was the manner of inquiry in the oldest mysteries; it led from disease to cure. And so it was that medical science was cultivated in olden times, by seeking knowledge of humanity through the human being itself.

We don't have to go back to those old methods. We have to move forward to methods by which we are able to follow the course of an illness through imaginative experience, and by which we are able to experience the healing process through an intuitive activity that leads not into the human being, but outward. What has formerly been a kind of experimentation in this field will now have to become careful observation. You see the direction in which we are turning. In olden times external physical science was a purely observing science; then it began to experiment and more and more substituted experiment for pure observation. That was right. But medical science did the same thing in imitation, and that was not right. It experimented on human beings with the temple research. We must find the way to change over from experimenting to observing, to an observation of life that is sustained by spiritual knowledge and enriched by scientific research. For whoever really looks at life can catch a view of illness everywhere. In the simplest form of everyday life that has deviated only to the slightest degree from so-called normal, something can be seen that will lead—if considered properly—to a recognition of complicated disease processes. One has only to understand how things relate to one another.

But this shows us that physicians must more and more become really practical individuals—again, the exact opposite of what recent materialistic development has made them. They have gradually become pure scientists. And that makes no sense. A physician should always be able to cope with natural laws in a living way, and not just know them abstractly. With abstract knowledge of them one has not yet even begun to work with them. That's the situation from one side.

Let us look at the other side, the side that the priest must see. We think of the priest's mission as guiding human beings in their approach to the spiritual world, in everything that will help their ego and astral body to find their way in the spiritual world. If it is the physician's task to inquire into the nature of humanity from a spiritual point of view, to explore pathological conditions from a spiritual point of view, then what must the priest look for? The priest has to find what can lead human beings toward the spiritual world; their attitude toward the spiritual world, whether they love the spiritual world, how much they are permeated by the spiritual world—insofar as these things are apparent in normal life. The priest must deal with all the normal or abnormal symptoms that the human soul manifests in this regard in everyday life. For the priest we have to point out the opposite course to that of the physician. We told the physician that if somnambulists are allowed to describe their sick organ, they will also describe the medicinal remedy for it from out of their dreams.

Let us look again at the priests in the ancient mysteries. They were not primarily interested in discovering medicinal remedies, although of course they were intensely interested in healing, for they were first and foremost a friend of humanity. But they did not stop at healing; they were interested in more than that. They were interested in the following: They saw that the somnambulist found his or her own remedy in dreams while in the spiritual world with the ego and astral body. The priests paid particular attention to this soul while it was in the spiritual world, and followed it back again into the body. And what was found? Of course they found themselves again confronting the sick organ. But now, from what they had perceived of that soul while it was out of the body, they knew how the astral body and ego would work in this organ if it were healthy. Upon returning again to the sick organ, they knew what the situation would be under healthy conditions. Now they realized how the astral body and ego out of their divine-spiritual powers take hold normally in the human organism, how they sit normally within it. The priests learned to know them in their healthy normality through the dreams in the spiritual world, and learned how they relate to the physical world when they descend into the physical body. From this, the priests learned to know the inner relation of humanity to the spiritual world.

This knowledge should influence priests as they enact the sacrament in which they are carrying back the spiritual world. For the spiritual world is present in the sacrament through the establishment of the ritual. The ritual unites spirit with physical substance by virtue of deep insight into the relation of spirit to matter. Inspirited physical substance is led back into human beings, and the relation is established in them that unites their astral body and ego within their physical and etheric bodies with the divine-spiritual being of the world. Everything in this relation depends upon the priest's celebrating the sacraments with such an attitude. Everything depends upon our permeating ourselves with such thoughts. For instance, the relation between experience in the body and experience out of the body; secrets of pathology from observing the body when it is left; secrets of therapy from observing abnormal life in the spiritual world as compared to normal perception in the spiritual world. What was established in ancient times in secret temple procedures by prominent somnambulists must now be again established by human beings developing spiritual perception in themselves and observing the connections. In this area, experiment must give way to observation.

Now it is important that the physicians and priests in the anthroposophical movement are already united in their knowledge of such facts as these. That is what really binds us together. We are permeated by a different kind of knowledge from what others have. By contrast, the idea that some sort of union or association or group should be formed is just an abstraction. What really binds us together is the possession of certain knowledge. Those who possess this knowledge obviously belong together, and should feel closely united to one another. Any external association should be an expression of the inner union created by this knowledge.

Our time suffers very much in this respect. For instance, often when I speak today to, say, a youth gathering, even though I fully appreciate their endeavor and even though I myself have the very best intentions, it is extraordinarily difficult to experience their response to the concrete truths that should be filling their souls. It is difficult when I hear them say, “The first thing we must do is to join together!” Well, indeed, everything in these last decades has been “joined together”—ad infinitum! People have gone on and on joining together, but they've never yet got anything real for a result by tacking zeros onto one another indefinitely—00000000 and so on. One empty consciousness to begin with, joined to another empty consciousness, joined to a third consciousness, again empty—that all adds up to nothing. By contrast, you only have to assume a content—a content that is, after all, the basis of all zeroes: one. Then you have something. It doesn't have to be a human being, but it has to be some genuine content. Interestingly enough, this assumes that there is something there to begin with. It doesn't even have to be a human being. It can be real, living knowledge. These are things we should think about in our time. For usually people are much too comfortable to search for the concrete; they are content simply to put abstractions together. Joining together is all right, of course, but it will come of itself if something concrete is there first.

Perhaps this is something that should be understood before anything else by those who work among modern humankind as physicians and priests. Today two conditions can be observed throughout the world. Generally speaking, our ego and astral body do not find properly our physical and etheric bodies, whatever our waking condition may be. Also, truly, for those observing the world as it evolves, materialistic views don't really worry them unduly! Let the monists and the others fight with one another. Nothing is accomplished thereby. But that is certainly not the fundamental evil in the evolution of humanity. If one is observing the evolutionary process, one is not particularly interested to participate in these discussions of worldviews. For actually, whether one thinks this or another thinks that, opinions are frightfully thin little things in the human soul! They're just bubbles in the reality of this world. If one bubble hits another, if one bursts, if another becomes a bit thicker from the bursting of another, none of it matters. What does matter, what should be clearly realized, is that one does not ever becomes a materialist if one is sitting with one's ego and astral body properly in the physical and etheric bodies. In other words, to be a materialist means in a finer sense to be ill. One must fill one's whole being with this knowledge. And it is not surprising in the least that when others, those who are sitting properly inside their physical and etheric bodies, encounter the sick materialists, they turn away to exactly the opposite pole—to all the vague mist of spiritualism.

Here we come to a difficult area, because these things do not take place in those parts of the world that still have a connection with one another; they happen where the world has been thrown into chaos and its pieces lie scattered about. One thing no longer reveals itself as a healing remedy for another, for they are falling away from each other. So long as sick people speak of what is going on in their organs, their dreams will still reveal the corresponding healing remedies in the outer world. But in our present time people who are ill from materialism will not be describing sick inner organs; they have broken free of their organism; they want to describe the external world, as a materialist naturally would. Then they find not remedial dreams but the opposite—false spiritualism, which is certainly not a remedy. On the contrary, it brings on the illness more strongly than ever.

And so we find today in our time—if I may draw an analogy between medical work for individuals and cultural pathology and therapy—we find that spiritualism does not by any means offer a remedy for materialism, but corresponds to the somnambulist's dream revealing his sick organs. Now sometimes a process that properly should have taken hold of a person's inner organism pushes through the organism to the periphery, to the outer world; there is then the pathological condition called a “rash.” This corresponds exactly to what I've been telling you about. One sees with one's own eyes that what had been inside and is now outside is nothing healthy. It is an aberration. The physician should see clearly that materialism is a rash and needs to be regarded as a medical problem.

This will build a bridge to the priest's observation on the other side. The priest sees the symptoms that rise out of sick human souls, out of their need, out of their feelings. Spiritualism is just such a symptom. One comes to realize that in the widest sense sick life wants to sink down into the world, that all the disease in the present world outlook does indeed work itself out fully—insofar as it rests on the will—by working into people and sickening their inner life.

In the present epoch of human evolution it is impossible to see something that could be seen clearly in former times, because people in those days had different characteristics. We cannot see how a false direction of the will, a false worldview, a false view of life—all of which were designated in olden times as sin—cause illness in the organism. For they do not do so immediately in the ordinary way. We are only aware of the connection in the rarest cases, cases that are an intermediate stage between the sin and what can obviously be diagnosed as the resulting illness. These intermediate stages may simply develop into morbid conditions. But in this modern epoch the sin and the real illness are so detached from each other that now they even occur in separate incarnations. In earlier epochs they were able to appear in close connection as cause and effect, but as humanity developed they became separated so that sin appeared in one incarnation, illness in a subsequent one.

Here, then, begins the domain of the priests. Priests may no longer merely continue traditions of olden times, speaking of sin as the cause of illness. But if they have knowledge of repeated earth lives, they can speak of sin from that point of view; then they will again be speaking from the standpoint of truth. Much that priests in the world today say about these things is no longer true; it no longer corresponds to fact. These teachings originated in olden times, and today no one is interested in changing the teachings to accord with what is demanded in our time.

We have to relate ourselves to all this. Then it will be possible to make our study of pastoral medicine fruitful in both directions.

My intention is to give two more lectures for this course: tomorrow, and the day after tomorrow. I am announcing this now so that you can make your plans accordingly.

Neunter Vortrag

Meine lieben Freunde! Sie haben gesehen, wie nötig es ist, das Kranksein heranzutragen an das geistige Leben und Erleben des Menschen, und das Verständnis, das dem Kranksein entgegengebracht werden soll, gerade von den beiden Seiten aus, die zunächst für die Pastoralmedizin in Betracht kommen, kann eigentlich nur aus einer solchen Betrachtung kommen. Deshalb wollen wir heute das eigentliche Kranksein im Zusammenhang mit dem geistigen Leben noch einmal von dem Gesichtspunkt aus betrachten, von dem aus auf das Wesen des Krankseins gerade das meiste Licht geworfen werden kann.

Wir wechseln als Menschen in den beiden Zuständen Wachen und Schlafen ab. Was über diese Dinge im allgemeinen als Inhalt der Weltanschauung zu sagen ist, das kennen Sie ja alle.

Heute wollen wir einmal scharf ins Auge fassen, was während des Schlafes eigentlich sich vollzieht im Menschen. Wir haben da den physischen, den ätherischen Leib für sich bestehen. Wir haben den astralischen Leib und das Ich wiederum für sich bestehen. Wenden wir den Blick auf den physischen und ätherischen Leib zunächst, so wissen wir ja, daß darinnen, vermöge dessen, was sie sind, dieser physische und ätherische Leib, gewisse Vorgänge geschehen, Vorgänge, die vom Einschlafen bis zum Aufwachen unabhängig sind von den Wirkungen des astralischen Leibes und des Ich. Wir haben es in einer Organisation wie der menschlichen mit Vorgängen zu tun, die eigentlich zunächst, so wie sie sich da abspielen müssen, der menschlichen Organisation gar nicht angepaßt sind. Wir haben es zu tun im physischen Leib mit physischen Vorgängen. Physische Vorgänge spielen sich draußen im Mineralreich ab. Dem sind sie angepaßt. Der ganzen menschlichen Gestaltung als physischem Leib sind sie nicht angepaßt. Und dennoch, der physische Leib des Menschen ist sozusagen vom Einschlafen bis zum Aufwachen den physischen Vorgängen hingegeben, so wie das Mineralreich den physischen Vorgängen hingegeben ist. Wir müssen auf diesen Widerspruch achten, der gerade im Menschen während des Schlafes ist. Er soll eine Welt physisch wirkender Kräfte und Substanzen sein, kann das eigentlich nicht sein. Das eben ist die Ursache, daß eigentlich während des Schlafes im physischen Leib des Menschen Vorgänge sich abspielen, die, wenn sie nicht wieder ausgeglichen werden, krankmachende Vorgänge sind.

Wenn man so allgemeine Sätze ausspricht wie: daß der Schlaf gesund macht, so sind diese Sätze natürlich in einem gewissen Sinne durchaus richtig, aber sie sind nur richtig unter gewissen Voraussetzungen und dürfen uns nicht hindern daran, unbefangen das zu betrachten, was ist. Die physischen Vorgänge im physischen Leib des Menschen können nur dann für den Menschen heilsam bestehen, wenn in diesem physischen Leib untergetaucht ist das Ich und die astralische Organisation, was ja mit dem Aufwachen wieder geschieht und was so sein muß, daß es ständig unterbrochen wird von dem Schlafzustand, weil durch diesen Schlafzustand eingeleitet wird der Abbau im physischen Menschen, der im Menschen ständig vorhanden ist und der da sein muß, damit überhaupt das Seelenleben, das geistige Leben sich im Menschen entfalten kann. Denn mit den Aufbauprozessen verbindet sich kein geistiges Leben, nur mit den Abbauprozessen. Es muß also mit dem Schlaf so viel an Abbauprozessen besorgt werden, daß der Wachzustand in dieser Quantität von Abbauprozessen sich entfalten kann vom Aufwachen bis zum Einschlafen. Wird mehr entfaltet an Abbauprozessen durch die Ungesundheit des Schlafes, dann bleibt ein Rest von Abbauprozessen im menschlichen Organismus vorhanden. Dann haben wir in diesem Abbauprozeß die innerliche krankmachende Ursache.

Dehnen wir die Betrachtung noch aus bis zum Ätherleib, so ergibt sich für den Ätherleib, daß er während des Schlafzustandes nur solche Prozesse ausführen kann, die sonst im Pflanzenreich vor sich gehen. Wenn der astralische Leib und das Ich in diesen Ätherleib untergetaucht sind, werden immer wiederum diese Prozesse auf ein höheres Niveau gerückt. Aber wenn sie vom Einschlafen bis zum Aufwachen gehen, gehen sie vor sich wie im Pflanzenreich, sind also wieder nicht angepaßt dem menschlichen Organismus, sondern fordern einen Ausgleich durch den astralischen Leib und das Ich. Bleibt ein Rest, der nicht verbraucht wird, dann sind wiederum krankmachende Ursachen da. So daß wir sagen können: Der Schlaf kann uns belehren darüber, wie im menschlichen Organismus die krankmachenden Ursachen eigentlich entstehen; denn diese krankmachenden Ursachen sind im Grunde genommen die normalen Vorgänge des Schlafes, die zu gleicher Zeit die Grundlage für das geistig-seelische Leben des Menschen sind. — Und das ist das Geheimnis der Welt, daß überall, wo man in die Realität hineinkommt, die Dinge nach zwei Seiten gehen. Auf der einen Seite liegt im Schlafzustand des physischen und ätherischen Leibes die Grundlage für des Menschen geistige Entwickelung, auf der anderen Seite liegt durch ganz dieselben Vorgänge die Grundlage für das Krankwerden. Damit ist wiederum das Krankwerden in die geistige Entwickelung unmittelbar hineingeleitet, und wir können sagen: Wenn wir studieren dasjenige, was im physischen und Ätherleib des Menschen wirkt, so ist es eigentlich beim Schlaf im Grunde genommen die Basis der Pathologie.

Nun betrachten wir von diesem Gesichtspunkt aus einen Menschen, der nicht genügend untertaucht während des Wachens in seinen physischen und ätherischen Leib, was wir bei Schwachsinnigen, bei Psychopathen gefunden haben. Dann taucht das Seelisch-Geistige eines solchen Menschen in Krankheitsprozesse ein, lebt mit Krankheitsprozessen, und auf diese Erkenntnis ist ein besonderer Wert zu legen, daß eigentlich Psychopathen und sogenannte Geisteskranke ihr innerliches Dasein in Gemeinschaft mit Krankheit bewirkenden Ursachen verleben. Sehen Sie, auf solche Dinge muß man genau hinsehen.

Aber gehen wir dazu über, die Außenwelt zu betrachten. Nehmen wir den physischen Leib des Menschen ganz schematisch (Tafel10, links) und betrachten wir die dazugehörige mineralische Außenwelt, wiederum ganz schematisch, dann haben wir während des Schlafes da drinnen Vorgänge im menschlichen physischen Leib, denen das Ich entzogen ist. Sie gehen vor sich ohne eigentlich innerlich wirkenden Motor. Dieses Ich ist aber in alledem drinnen, was hier die mineralischen Vorgänge sind. Denn da ist dasjenige, was wir das Welt-Ich nennen können, drinnen. Wir haben also auf der einen Seite in den Vorgängen des physisch-menschlichen Leibes ein Ichloses, eine Summe von ichlosen Vorgängen, die das Ich entbehren. Wir haben draußen in der Umgebung die Summe der mineralischen Vorgänge und mineralischen Substanzen, die mit dem Ich, das heißt mit all den Hierarchien, die mit dem Ich identisch sind, durchsetzt sind. Die hat das Ich, die mineralische Substanz.

Nehmen wir daher an, wir bemerken im physischen Leib des Menschen einen Vorgang, der nicht da sein soll, der ein krankhafter Vorgang ist. Er entbehrt das Ich. Wie können wir ihm beikommen, wenn wir ihn heilen wollen? Wenn wir dasjenige vom Ich, was er entbehrt, was zuviel Schlaf ist in ihm, während des Wachens noch fortwährender Schlaf ist in ihm, wenn wir das suchen draußen in der mineralischen Umgebung. Wir haben dann das Heilmittel. Fügen Sie das dem Menschen bei, ist die Affinität da zu dem betreffenden Organ; das, was dem kranken Organ fehlt, die Ich-Kraft, kommt dadurch dem kranken Organ bei. Sehen Sie, das ist der Vorgang, der zugrunde liegt all unserem Suchen nach Heilmitteln für den physischen Leib des kranken Menschen in der Umgebung der anorganischen Natur. Da müssen wir das Entsprechende finden, das die Ich-Kraft hat, dann wirkt es heilsam. Es beruht also der Übergang von der Pathologie zur Therapie auf einer genauen Einsicht in die Zusammenhänge zwischen den Prozessen des physischen menschlichen Leibes und der mineralischen Außenwelt auf der einen Seite, aber auch des ätherischen menschlichen Leibes und der Außenwelt, das in den Vegetabilien, in den Pflanzen wirkt. Da haben wir die Sache genau so. Merken wir, daß im ätherischen Leib irgend etwas wuchert durch den Ätherleib, finden wir: da fehlt dem ätherischen Leib die entsprechende Einwirkung des astralischen Leibes; da müssen wir draußen irgendwo im Pflanzenreich suchen und wir finden das entsprechende Heilmittel. Das ist das Orientierende.

Daraus ersehen Sie, daß man den Geist der Natur, den Geist in Mineral- und Pflanzenreich im weitesten Umfang des Universums kennen muß. Den Geist, nicht die Substanz muß man kennen, weil man mit dem Geist der mineralischen und pflanzlichen Natur in Wirklichkeit den Menschen heilen muß. Die Substanz haben Sie nur in dem Zustande, daß sie nicht richtig geistig beherrscht ist, aber den Geist hat. Und derjenige, der heilen will, ohne den Geist der Steine und Pflanzen zu kennen, der kann eigentlich nur nach traditionellen Angaben im Finstern tappen, kann probieren, ob das eine oder das andere hilft, aber er wird nie dazu kommen, warum es hilft, weil er nie wissen wird, wo in irgendeinem Mineral der Geist sitzt, oder wie er sitzt, so daß eigentlich Heiler zu sein von vornherein voraussetzt eine spirituelle Weltanschauung, und es besteht wohl die größte Anomalie unserer Zeit darin, daß gerade in der Medizin diese furchtbare Krankheit des Materialismus herrscht. Denn in der Medizin ist der Materialismus eine wirkliche Krankheit. Dieses Blindsein heißt Einschlafen und schädliche seelische Stoffe erzeugen in der Wissenschaft und müßte eigentlich geheilt werden. Man kann schon sagen: der kränkste Mann in unserer Zeit ist nicht derjenige, der er war für die europäische Bevölkerung im 19. Jahrhundert, der Türke, sondern das kränkste Wesen unserer Zeit ist der Mediziner. Das ist eine Wahrheit, die die Ärzte wissen sollen und höchstens die Theologen, aber darin besteht ja das Esoterische, daß es in dem Kreise bleibt, dem es anvertraut ist.

Nun, sehen wir uns die Sache noch genauer an. Es gibt nun Menschen, die nicht in dem Sinne Psychopathen oder Wahnsinnige sind, wie man berechtigt ist, von Psychopathie und Wahnsinn zu sprechen, die aber doch nach den Auseinandersetzungen der letzten Tage so hinuntertauchen in ihren physischen und ätherischen Leib, daß sie mit den kranken Zuständen, kranken Vorgängen darin eine gewisse Verbindung eingehen, eine wahrnehmbare Verbindung eingehen. Da kommen wir zu jenen Somnambulen, deren Dasein kein Aberglaube ist, was in der Welt oftmals beschrieben worden ist, was jeder Initiat gut kennt, wir kommen zu denjenigen Somnambulen, die in ihrem somnambulen Zustande Beschreibungen ihrer Krankheiten machen. Sie tauchen hinunter in ihren physischen und Ätherleib. Während der gewöhnliche normale Mensch sich so verbindet mit dem physischen und Ätherleib, daß wir, wenn wir pedantisch wissenschaftlich reden wollen, sagen können: Ich und astralischer Leib gehen im Wachen mit physischem und ätherischem Leib eine Verbindung ein, die in ihrer Verbindungsqualität entsprechend die gesättigte Verbindung ist —, können wir bei einem solchen kranken Menschen sagen: Es geht eben nicht im übertragenen Sinne nach der Atomgewichtszahl das Ich und der astralische Leib in den Äther- und physischen Leib hinein, es bleibt vom astralischen Leib und Ich ein Rest, der nicht ganz untertaucht, aber dann wahrnimmt. Nur das vom Ich und astralischen Leib nimmt wahr, was nicht in den Ätherleib und physischen Leib untertaucht. Wenn so etwas innerlich überflüssig ist von Astralleib und Ich, wird innerlich wahrgenommen. Die Somnambulen beschreiben ihre Krankheit. Nun aber, wie denn? Es gibt ja einen anderen Zustand, den ich Ihnen auch beschrieben habe, in gewissen Fällen, wo der normale Zustand nach der Schlafseite hin unterbrochen ist. Dann, wenn das Ich und der astralische Leib heraußen sind aus dem physischen und Ätherleib, und wenn dann in diesem Ich und astralischen Leib Dinge vorgehen, die nun in dieses Geistig-Seelische nicht hineingehören, so wie die anderen Dinge, die ich Ihnen beschrieben habe, in das PhysischÄtherische nicht hineingehören, wenn zuviel Geistiges vom Ich und astralischen Leib erlebt wird während des Schlafes, wie sonst zuviel vom physischen und Ätherleib von der Natur erlebt werden kann, dann entsteht jenes an das Pathologische angrenzende Hellsehen. Der Mensch trägt dann in den Schlaf hinein eine gewisse Kraft, Geistiges wahrzunehmen. Er trägt wieder hinüber in den Wachzustand Erinnerungen an dieses geistige Wahrnehmen, aber vor allen Dingen fließt dieses geistige Wahrnehmen, das da in abnormer Weise zwischen Einschlafen und Aufwachen vorhanden ist, in die Träume hinein. Es erscheint in lebendigen Träumen, und da merken wir wiederum dasjenige, was jeder Initiat gut weiß: diese Träume sind, wenn sie richtig angesehen werden, erfüllt von Folgendem.

Nehmen Sie an, daß der Kranke, der physisch Kranke, so veranlagt ist, wie ich es beschrieben habe. Der taucht mit seinem GeistigSeelischen hinunter in den physischen und ätherischen Leib. Er erlebt dann die Krankheit so, daß er sie im somnambulen Zustand beschreibt. Er erlebt dasjenige, was an zu starkem Abbauprozeß im physischen und Ätherleib vor sich geht, er erlebt eine Art rückgängigen Prozeß der Natur in seinem physischen und Ätherleib. Nehmen wir nun an, er ist draußen mit seinem astralischen Leib und Ich. Da erlebt er ja im Geistigen der äußeren Natur. Nehmen wir nun an, man erlebt hier drinnen ein krankes Organ (Tafel 10, Mitte), das dadurch krank ist, daß es irgendeinen äußeren Prozeß eben in krankhafter Weise zum Ausdruck bringt. Das wird im somnambulen Zustand erlebt. Der innerliche Prozeß wird da beschrieben. Ist der Mensch im polarischen Zustand, wirkt der Somnambulismus hinein in sein Ich und astralischen Leib, wenn diese mehr außerhalb des physischen und Ätherleibes sind; wenn das, was da erlebt wird unter den elementargeistigen Vorgängen der Natur, wenn das in die Träume hineingeht, erlebt der Mensch dasjenige, was in den Mineralien das Geistige ist, erlebt er den entsprechenden Geist des Minerals; und wovon träumt er? Er träumt von seinem Heilmittel. Sehen Sie, hier haben Sie den Zusammenhang für manches somnambule Leben. Der Somnambule wechselt in zwei Zuständen ab, die ich charakterisiert habe. In dem einen Zustand träumt er von seiner Krankheit, in dem anderen Zustand träumt er von seinem Heilmittel, und vor uns steht die Art und Weise, wie in alten Mysterien überhaupt Pathologie und Therapie gesucht worden ist.

Da wurde nicht so experimentiert wie heute. Da wurden die Kranken in den Tempel gebracht und von entsprechend durchaus vorbereiteten Tempelpriestern in eine Art somnambulen Zustand gebracht, und es wurde dieser somnambule Zustand bis dahin getrieben, wo der Kranke seinen Krankheitsprozeß beschreibt. Dann wurde der polarische Somnambulismus hervorgerufen, der Tempelpriester erlebte den Traum, der die Therapie enthält. Es war das Untersuchen in den ältesten Mysterien, das von der Pathologie zur Therapie führt. So bildete man in alten Zeiten die Heilkunde aus, bildete ste aus, indem man Menschenkunde am Menschen suchte mit den alten Formen der Untersuchungsmethoden.

Wir müssen nicht zu diesen Methoden, sondern zu denjenigen Methoden kommen, wo wir durch imaginatives Erleben sogleich in die Lage kommen, den Krankheitsprozeß zu verfolgen, wo wir durch die intuitive Methode, die herausführt, nicht hineinführt in den Menschen, den Gesundungsprozeß erleben. Das, was früher eine Art Experiment war, wird gerade auf diesem Gebiete ein eindringliches Beobachten werden müssen. Sie sehen, wo eigentlich die Orientierung liegt. Die äußere physische Wissenschaft, die in alten Zeiten eine rein beobachtende war, ist übergegangen zum Experiment, ersetzte immer mehr und mehr die reine Beobachtung durch das Experiment. Da hat sie recht. Aber die Heilwissenschaft hat es ihr nachgemacht, und da hatte sie nicht recht. Die übte früher am Menschen mit den Tempelforschungen das Experiment. Von diesem Experiment müssen wir den Übergang finden zu einer sorgfältig durchgeistigten, wissenschaftlich befruchteten Beobachtung des Lebens. Denn wer das Leben betrachtet, kann die Krankheit überall abfangen. In der einfachsten Äußerung des alltäglichen Lebens, die nur ein wenig abweicht von dem sogenannten Normalen, liegt unter Umständen etwas, was richtig betrachtet zur Erkenntnis komplizierter Krankheitsvorgänge führen kann, wenn man nur die Dinge in dem richtigen Zusammenhang durchschaut.

Es führt aber dazu, daß eigentlich der Arzt immer mehr und mehr der wirkliche Praktiker werden muß, wiederum der umgekehrte Gang von dem, den die Entwickelung in der neueren Zeit unter dem Einfluß des Materialismus gemacht hat. Der Arzt ist nach und nach ganz zum Wissenschafter geworden, und das hat keinen Sinn. Der Arzt hat nur Sinn, wenn er die Naturgesetze in lebender Regsamkeit immer handhaben kann, nicht wenn er sie nur im abstrakten Sinn erkennt. Durch das Erkennen im abstrakten Sinn des Wortes kommt man noch nicht zur Handhabung der Naturgesetze. Da haben Sie die Sache von der einen Seite angesehen. Sehen Sie sie nun von der anderen Seite aus an.

Sehen Sie sie von der anderen Seite aus an, von der aus sie der Priester anschauen muß, während Sie sich sagen, des Priesters Beruf besteht darin, den Menschen zu führen in alledem, wo sein Ich und astralischer Leib in die geistige Welt irgendwie untertauchen sollten, wo also der Mensch Anteil haben soll an der geistigen Welt. Ist es nötig, daß der Arzt auf geistige Art hineinschaut in das Wesen des Menschen, pathologische Prozesse auf geistige Art erschaut — was wird der Priester suchen müssen? Der Priester wird suchen müssen in demjenigen, was den Menschen in die geistige Welt hineinführt, in der Gesinnung nach der geistigen Welt, in der Liebe zur geistigen Welt, in dem Durchdrungensein von der geistigen Welt, wie sie schon im normalen Leben vorliegen, alles dasjenige anzufassen, was die menschliche Seele in den normalen und abnormen Erscheinungen auf diesem Gebiete darbietet. Verfolgen wir jetzt für ihn den umgekehrten Prozeß, den wir beim Arzt haben verfolgen müssen. Beim Arzt haben wir gesagt: Nun ja, wenn er die Somnambule das kranke Organ beschreiben läßt, nun ja, so beschreibt sie aus dem Traum heraus das Heilmittel.

Nehmen wir nun einmal den Priester wiederum, so wie er in den alten Mysterien war. Ihn hat nun die Auffindung des Heilmittels wahrhaftig nicht bloß interessiert, obwohl in erster Linie, da er Menschenfreund in erster Linie war, ihn die Heilung interessiert hat. Aber er ist nicht bei der Heilung stehengeblieben, ihn hat noch etwas anderes interessiert. Ihn hat interessiert nun das Folgende. Er sah, die Somnambule beobachtet in dem Traum das Heilmittel, indem sie mit ihrem Ich und astralischen Leib drinnensteht in der geistigen Welt. Nun faßte er in seinem Anschauen dieses Darinnenstehen in der geistigen Welt, dieses seelische Darinnenstehen in der geistigen Welt auf, und verfolgte es wieder zurück in den Leib. Was findet er da? Da findet er sich wieder hin zu den kranken Organen, selbstverständlich, aber er wußte jetzt aus dem, was er da draußen wahrgenommen hatte, wie im gesunden Zustand der astralische Leib und das Ich in diesem Organ wirken. Dadurch, daß er wieder zurückging auf das kranke Organ, wußte er, wie im gesunden Zustand gewirkt wird. Die Folge davon war: jetzt nahm er wahr, wie aus den göttlich-geistigen Mächten heraus in normaler Weise Astralleib oder Ich in den menschlichen Organismus eingreifen, wie sie darinnensitzen. Er lernte sie in ihrer Gesundheit durch die Träume im geistigen Wesen der Welt kennen und bekam die Anschauung, wie sie sich wieder verhalten, wenn sie untertauchen. Er bekam die innerliche Beziehung des Menschen zur geistigen Welt.

Dieses ist dasjenige, was als Gesinnung der Priester begleiten lassen kann das Sakrament, wo er zurückträgt die geistige Welt, denn die geistige Welt haftet an dem Sakrament durch die Einrichtung des Kultus. Der Kultus verbindet mit der physischen Substanz das Geistige eben kraft der inneren Einsichten, wie das Geistige zusammenhängt mit der Materie. Physische durchgeistigte Wesenheit wird in den Menschen zurückgeführt und die Beziehung wird in dem Menschen hergestellt, die seinen astralischen Leib innerhalb des physischen Leibes und des Ätherleibes, sein Ich innerhalb des physischen und Ätherleibes mit dem göttlich-geistigen Dasein der Welt verbindet. Alles hängt in dieser Beziehung daran, daß der Sakramentalismus von seiten der Priesterschaft mit einer solchen Gesinnung beobachtet wird. Alles hängt davon ab, daß wir uns durchdringen mit solchen Dingen, wie dem Zusammenhang zwischen dem Erleben im Leibe und dem Erleben außerhalb des Leibes, den Geheimnissen der Pathologie durch Beobachten des verlassenen Leibes, dem Geheimnis der Therapie durch das Beobachten des abnormen Lebens, des Lebens in der geistigen Welt beziehungsweise auch des normalen Wahrnehmens in der geistigen Welt. Dasjenige, was durch hervorragende somnambule Wesen in alten Zeiten in den Tempelgeheimnissen ergründet wurde, muß wieder ergründet werden dadurch, daß der Mensch geistige Erkenntnisse in sich selber entwickelt und die Zusammenhänge wieder beobachtet. Das Experiment muß auf diesem Gebiete in die Beobachtung einfließen.

Nun ist es schon wichtig, daß diejenigen Ärzte und Priester, die innerhalb der anthroposophischen Bewegung stehen, vereinigt sind in dem Wissen von solchen Tatsachen. Das ist dasjenige, was wirklich bindet, was uns durchdringt mit einer anderen Erkenntnis, als sie die anderen haben. Dagegen wird alles Beschließen, man solle einen Bund oder einen Verein oder eine Gruppe bilden, das ist dagegen eine Abstraktion. Das wirklich Bindende ist der Besitz eines gewissen Wissens. Diejenigen, die dieses Wissen besitzen, gehören eben zusammen und sollten sich zusammengehörig fühlen. Die äußere Verbindung soll der Ausdruck sein für diese innere Verbindung, die durch dieses Wissen geschaffen ist. Unsere Zeit leidet in dieser Beziehung an vielem.

Bedenken Sie nur, wenn man heute oftmals in der allerallerbesten Absicht zum Beispiel zu einer Jugendversammlung spricht, obwohl deren Bestreben von mir ganz anerkannt wird - es ist außerordentlich schwierig, wie einem zunächst gegenüber dem Konkreten, das die Seele erfüllen sollte, sogleich das entgegentritt, daß man sagt: Das Erste, Wichtigste ist, daß man sich zusammenschließt! — Zusammengeschlossen ist ja in den letzten Jahrzehnten alles ins Unendliche geworden. Man hat sich zusammengeschlossen, aber man hat noch nie wahrgenommen, daß, wenn man so anordnet: 00000000 und so weiter etwas herauskommt. Ein Bewußtsein, das zunächst unerfüllt ist, geschlossen an ein Bewußtsein, das wieder unerfüllt ist, geschlossen an ein drittes Bewußtsein, das wieder unerfüllt ist, das gibt nichts. Dagegen braucht man bloß vorauszusetzen die Erfüllung, dasjenige, was allen Nullen zugrunde liegt, was Eins (1) hat, so haben Sie etwas. Es muß nicht ein Mensch sein, sondern die Erfüllung, dann ist es etwas. Nur kurioserweise, das setzt voraus, daß schon das etwas ist, ja sogar das, was eben kein Mensch ist, sondern daß das Wissen an sich wesenhaft ist. Diese Dinge sollte man bedenken in unserer Zeit, wo man eben vielfach dazu viel zu bequem ist, das Konkrete zu suchen und daher das Abstrakte immer zusammenschließen will. Gut ist das Zusammenschließen, das kommt aber schon von selber, wenn das Konkrete da ist.

Das ist auch nun wiederum etwas, was vielleicht zuallererst begreifen sollen diejenigen, die als Ärzte und als Priester innerhalb der heutigen Menschheit wirken. Denn man kann schon sagen, die zwei Dinge sind heute allüberall zu beobachten. Ich und astralischer Leib der Menschen finden im Grunde genommen trotz alles Wachzustandes nicht in gehöriger Weise den physischen Leib und den Ätherleib. Es ist schon so, daß eigentlich dem, der die Welt durchschaut in ihrem Werden, die Anschauungen auf dem Gebiete des Materialismus nicht eigentlich so furchtbar wehe tun. Man lasse die Monisten und alle möglichen Leute sich streiten. Das ist ja gewiß eine unmögliche Sache, aber eigentlich ist es nicht das Grundschädliche im Entwickelungsprozeß der Menschheit. Daher beteiligt man sich auch, wenn man diesen Entwickelungsprozeß durchschaut, nicht gerne an diesen Weltanschauungs-Diskussionen. Denn schließlich, ob der eine dies, der andere jenes meint: Meinungen sind ja furchtbar dünne Sachen in der menschlichen Seele, wirken nicht sehr stark auf die Realitäten. Meinungen sind Schäume innerhalb der Realitäten. Und ob da so eine Seifenblase an die andere platzt, die eine verspritzt, die andere ein bißchen dicker wird durch den Anprall, das schadet nichts. Aber man muß bedenken, daß keiner in Wirklichkeit ein Materialist wird, der in richtiger Weise mit seinem Ich und astralischen Leib in seinem physischen und Ätherleib sitzt. Daß also Materialistsein im feineren Sinne bedeutet Kranksein. Und mit dieser Erkenntnis muß man sich durchdringen: Materialist sein bedeutet Kranksein. Es ist daher gar kein Wunder, daß, wenn nun die anderen, die in ihrem physischen und Ätherleib ordentlich drinnensitzen, mit diesen kranken Materialisten zusammenkommen, daß sie den gegenteiligen Pol entwickeln, alle möglichen Unklarheiten des Spiritualismus.

Und hier kommen wir dann auf ein Gebiet, wo, weil sich die Dinge nicht abspielen in den Teilen der Welt, die noch in einer Verbindung miteinander stehen, sondern in den Teilen der Welt, wo die Welt bereits ins Chaos geworfen ist und ihre Blöcke nebeneinanderliegen, da kommen wir zu dem Gebiet, wo das eine nicht mehr die Heilesoffenbarung des anderen ist, sondern sie beide auseinanderfahren. Solange nämlich der Kranke spricht von den Vorgängen in seinen inneren Organen, so lange stehen seine Träume in Beziehung zu den Heilkräften in der äußeren Welt, die kranken Organen entsprechen. So wie aber der Mensch durch die Krankheit des Materialismus nicht von innen seine inneren Organe beschreibt, sondern den Organismus durchbricht nach der anderen Seite und die Außenwelt beschreiben will, wie das im Materialismus geschieht, dann wirkt das Gegenteil der Träume, der falsche Spiritismus, nicht mehr als Heilmittel, sondern im Gegenteil als stärker krankmachend.

Und so sehen wir heute in unserer Zeit, wenn wir alle Medizin, die sich auf den Menschen bezieht, vergleichen mit demjenigen, was vollberechtigt damit verglichen werden kann: die Kulturpathologie, Kulturtherapie, wenn wir diese nehmen, so finden wir, daß zum Beispiel der Spiritismus keineswegs ein Heilmittel darstellt, sondern dem Traumzustand entspricht für den Materialismus, der der smnambulen Beschreibung der inneren Organe entspricht. Wenn ein Vorgang — es ist eben so —, der eigentlich das Innere ergreifen sollte, durchschlägt beim Menschen nach der Außenwelt — wir können solche pathologischen Vorgänge beobachten bei Ausschlägen, wo die Sache ganz genau dem entspricht, was ich Ihnen gesagt habe -, dann entsteht für das Anschauen selbst dasjenige, was im Inneren beobachtet wird, nach außen hin nicht als Gesundes, sondern als krankhafte Abweichung. Daher sollte eigentlich der Arzt wissen, daß Materialismus der Ausschlag für Kranksein ist, und so sollte man ärztlich den Materialismus ansehen.

Dann kommt durch ein solches ärztliches Anschauen schon heraus die Brücke hinüber zu dem priesterlichen Anschauen, welches von der entgegengesetzten Seite ausgeht, zu dem priesterlichen Anschauen, das hineinsieht in die krankhaften Seelenerscheinungen des Menschen, die er aus seinem Bedürfnis, aus seiner Emotion heraus bildet. Das ist auch beim Spiritismus der Fall. Und man kommt dann dazu, zu erkennen, daß krankhaftes Leben im weitesten Sinne sich hineinversenken will in das Weltenall, wie alles dasjenige, was in der Weltanschauung krank ist durch sich, insoferne es auf dem Willen beruht, also eigentlich in der Tat sich auslebt, wie das hinüberwirken muß in das Innere des Menschen in den wirklich krankmachenden Zustand.

Nun wird man gegenüber der gegenwärtigen Entwickelungsepoche der Menschheit nicht dasjenige sehen können, was man in älteren Zeiten deutlich wegen der anderen Voraussetzungen der Menschennatur gesehen hat, wie dasjenige, was an falscher Willensrichtung, falscher Weltanschauung, falscher Lebensanschauung da ist, was im alten Sinne als «Sünde» bezeichnet worden ist, man wird nicht unmittelbar sehen, wie das hinübergeht in den Erkrankungsprozeß des Organismus, weil es das auch nicht unmittelbar in der Art tut. Wir achten nur in den seltensten Fällen darauf, nur in Fällen, die als Zwischenstufen dastehen zwischen den eigentlich aufzufassenden Krankheiten und der Sünde. Diese gehen wieder in Zustände über, die nur angrenzen an Krankhaftes. Aber die Sünde und das eigentliche Kranksein, die stehen für die heutige Entwickelungsepoche so ab, daß sie durch zwei Inkarnationen voneinander getrennt sind. Es war so, daß in früheren Entwickelungsepochen der Menschheit in der einen Inkarnation manchmal als Ursache und Wirkung zusammenhängen konnten Sünde und Krankheit, was nunmehr durch den fortgeschrittenen Entwickelungsprozeß der Menschheit durch Inkarnationen getrennt ist: Sünde und Krankheit. Sünde in der einen Inkarnation, Krankheit in der anderen.

Hier beginnt die Domäne des Priesters. Der Priester darf also, wenn er bloß die Traditionen der alten Zeiten festhält, nicht mehr sprechen, daß die Sünde die Ursache der Krankheit sei. Aber wenn er übergeht in die Einsicht von wiederholten Erdenleben, dann darf er davon sprechen, denn dann spricht er wieder aus der Wahrheit. Daher ist vieles, was heute draußen in der Welt von priesterlicher Seite über diese Dinge gesagt wird, nicht mehr wahr, weil es nicht mehr den Tatsachen entspricht. Diese Lehren entstammen alter Zeit, und heute ist kein Wille vorhanden, diese Lehre gemäß demjenigen, was in unserer Zeit gefordert wird, umzugestalten. In all das müssen wir uns hineinfinden, und dann wird es möglich sein, diese Betrachtungen über Pastoralmedizin nach beiden Seiten hin fruchtbar zu machen.

Ich gedenke jetzt noch, weil es ja in der Tat wünschenswert erscheint, daß die Freunde sich einrichten können, ich gedenke jetzt noch zwei Vorträge aus der Pastoralmedizin morgen und übermorgen zu halten.

Ninth Lecture

My dear friends! You have seen how necessary it is to bring illness into the spiritual life and experience of human beings, and the understanding that should be brought to illness, especially from the two sides that are initially considered in pastoral medicine, can really only come from such a consideration. Therefore, today we want to look once again at actual illness in connection with spiritual life from the point of view that can shed the most light on the nature of illness.

As human beings, we alternate between the two states of waking and sleeping. You all know what can generally be said about these things as part of our worldview.

Today we want to take a close look at what actually happens in human beings during sleep. We have the physical and etheric bodies existing separately. We have the astral body and the ego, which also exist independently. If we turn our attention first to the physical and etheric bodies, we know that certain processes take place within them, processes that are independent of the effects of the astral body and the ego, from falling asleep to waking up. In an organization such as the human one, we are dealing with processes that, as they must take place, are not actually adapted to the human organization at all. In the physical body, we are dealing with physical processes. Physical processes take place outside in the mineral kingdom. They are adapted to it. They are not adapted to the whole human form as a physical body. And yet, from falling asleep to waking up, the physical body of the human being is, so to speak, devoted to physical processes, just as the mineral kingdom is devoted to physical processes. We must pay attention to this contradiction that exists in humans during sleep. It is supposed to be a world of physically active forces and substances, but it cannot actually be that. This is precisely the reason why processes take place in the physical body of humans during sleep which, if they are not balanced out again, are processes that cause illness.

When we make general statements such as “sleep is healthy,” these statements are of course correct in a certain sense, but they are only correct under certain conditions and should not prevent us from looking impartially at what is. The physical processes in the human physical body can only be beneficial to the human being if the ego and the astral organization are submerged in this physical body, which happens again upon waking up and which must be constantly interrupted by the state of sleep, because this state of sleep initiates the breakdown in the physical human being, which is constantly present in the human being and which must be there so that the soul life, the spiritual life, can unfold in the human being at all. For no spiritual life is connected with the building processes, only with the breakdown processes. Sleep must therefore take care of so many breakdown processes that the waking state can unfold in this quantity of breakdown processes from waking up to falling asleep. If more breakdown processes unfold due to unhealthy sleep, then a residue of breakdown processes remains in the human organism. Then we have the inner cause of illness in this breakdown process.

If we extend our consideration to the etheric body, we see that during sleep the etheric body can only carry out processes that otherwise take place in the plant kingdom. When the astral body and the ego are immersed in this etheric body, these processes are always raised to a higher level. But when they go from falling asleep to waking up, they proceed as in the plant kingdom, so they are again not adapted to the human organism, but require compensation by the astral body and the ego. If there is a residue that is not used up, then there are again causes of illness. So we can say that sleep can teach us how the causes of illness actually arise in the human organism, for these causes of illness are basically the normal processes of sleep, which at the same time are the basis for the spiritual and soul life of the human being. — And that is the secret of the world, that wherever one enters into reality, things go in two directions. On the one hand, the basis for human spiritual development lies in the sleeping state of the physical and etheric bodies; on the other hand, the basis for becoming ill lies in the very same processes. Thus, becoming ill is directly linked to spiritual development, and we can say: When we study what is at work in the physical and etheric bodies of human beings, we see that sleep is actually the basis of pathology.

Now let us consider from this point of view a person who does not sufficiently submerge into their physical and etheric bodies while awake, as we have found in the mentally disabled and psychopaths. Then the soul-spiritual of such a person immerses itself in disease processes, lives with disease processes, and special value must be placed on this insight, that psychopaths and so-called mentally ill people actually live their inner existence in communion with causes that bring about disease. You see, one must look closely at such things.

But let us move on to consider the outer world. If we take the physical body of the human being in a very schematic way (Plate 10, left) and consider the corresponding mineral outer world, again in a very schematic way, then during sleep we have processes going on inside the human physical body from which the ego is withdrawn. They take place without any inner motor actually acting. But this ego is present in all that is happening here in the mineral processes. For what we might call the world ego is present there. So on the one hand, in the processes of the physical human body, we have something without an ego, a sum of processes without an ego, which lack the ego. Outside, in the environment, we have the sum of mineral processes and mineral substances, which are permeated with the I, that is, with all the hierarchies that are identical with the I. The I has this, the mineral substance.

Let us therefore assume that we notice a process in the physical body of a human being that should not be there, that is a pathological process. It lacks the ego. How can we deal with it if we want to heal it? If we look for that part of the ego which it lacks, which is too much sleep in it, which is still continuous sleep in it while it is awake, if we look for that outside in the mineral environment, then we have the remedy. Add that to the person, and the affinity is there to the organ in question; what the diseased organ lacks, the ego force, is thereby added to the diseased organ. You see, this is the process that underlies all our search for remedies for the physical body of the sick person in the environment of inorganic nature. We must find the equivalent that has the ego power, then it will have a healing effect. The transition from pathology to therapy is therefore based on a precise understanding of the connections between the processes of the physical human body and the mineral world on the one hand, but also between the etheric human body and the outside world, which is active in vegetables and plants. That is exactly how it is. If we notice that something is proliferating in the etheric body through the etheric body, we find that the etheric body lacks the corresponding influence of the astral body; we must search somewhere outside in the plant kingdom and we will find the appropriate remedy. That is the guiding principle.

From this you can see that one must know the spirit of nature, the spirit in the mineral and plant kingdoms in the broadest sense of the universe. One must know the spirit, not the substance, because in reality one must heal people with the spirit of mineral and plant nature. You only have the substance in a state where it is not properly spiritually controlled, but has the spirit. And those who want to heal without knowing the spirit of stones and plants can really only grope in the dark according to traditional information, can try whether one thing or another helps, but they will never understand why it helps, because they will never know where the spirit resides in any mineral, or how it resides, so that being a healer actually presupposes a spiritual worldview from the outset, and perhaps the greatest anomaly of our time is that this terrible disease of materialism prevails in medicine. For in medicine, materialism is a real disease. This blindness is called falling asleep and produces harmful mental substances in science and should actually be healed. One can already say that the sickest man of our time is not the one who was considered so by the European population in the 19th century, the Turk, but rather the sickest being of our time is the physician. This is a truth that doctors should know, and at most theologians, but therein lies the esoteric, that it remains within the circle to which it is entrusted.

Now, let us take a closer look at the matter. There are people who are not psychopaths or madmen in the sense that one is justified in speaking of psychopathy and madness, but who, after the conflicts of recent days, sink so deeply into their physical and etheric bodies that they enter into a certain connection, a perceptible connection, with the sick conditions and sick processes within them. This brings us to those somnambulists whose existence is not superstition, which has often been described in the world, which every initiate knows well; we come to those somnambulists who, in their somnambulistic state, describe their illnesses. They sink down into their physical and etheric bodies. While the ordinary normal human being connects with the physical and etheric bodies in such a way that, if we want to speak pedantically scientifically, we can say: I and the astral body enter into a connection with the physical and etheric bodies in the waking state, which in its quality of connection corresponds to a saturated connection — we can say of such a sick person: It is not in the figurative sense that the I and the astral body enter into the etheric and physical bodies according to their atomic weight; a remnant of the astral body and the I remains, which does not completely submerge, but then perceives. Only that part of the ego and astral body which does not submerge into the etheric and physical bodies perceives. When something is internally superfluous to the astral body and ego, it is perceived internally. Somnambulists describe their illness. But how? There is another state, which I have also described to you, in certain cases where the normal state is interrupted on the sleep side. Then, when the ego and the astral body are outside the physical and etheric bodies, and when things happen in this ego and astral body that do not belong in this spiritual-soul realm, just as the other things I have described to you do not belong in the physical-etheric, when too much of the spiritual is experienced by the ego and astral body during sleep, just as too much of the physical and etheric body can otherwise be experienced by nature, then that clairvoyance bordering on the pathological arises. The human being then carries into sleep a certain power to perceive the spiritual. They carry memories of this spiritual perception back into the waking state, but above all, this spiritual perception, which is present in an abnormal way between falling asleep and waking up, flows into dreams. It appears in vivid dreams, and here we notice again what every initiate knows well: when viewed correctly, these dreams are filled with the following.

Suppose that the sick person, the physically sick person, is predisposed as I have described. He descends with his spiritual-soul into the physical and etheric body. He then experiences the illness in such a way that he describes it in a somnambulistic state. He experiences what is going on in the physical and etheric body as an excessive process of decay; he experiences a kind of reverse process of nature in his physical and etheric body. Now let us assume that he is outside with his astral body and ego. There he experiences the spiritual aspect of outer nature. Let us now assume that one experiences a diseased organ here inside (Table 10, center), which is diseased because it expresses some external process in a pathological way. This is experienced in the somnambulistic state. The inner process is described there. When the human being is in the polar state, somnambulism affects his ego and astral body when these are more outside the physical and etheric bodies; when what is experienced there among the elemental spiritual processes of nature enters into dreams, the human being experiences what is spiritual in minerals, he experiences the corresponding spirit of the mineral; and what does he dream about? He dreams about his remedy. You see, here you have the connection for some somnambulistic life. The somnambulist alternates between two states, which I have characterized. In one state, he dreams of his illness, in the other state, he dreams of his remedy, and before us stands the way in which pathology and therapy were sought in ancient mysteries.

Experiments were not conducted as they are today. The sick were brought to the temple and put into a kind of somnambulistic state by temple priests who were well prepared for this purpose, and this somnambulistic state was carried on until the sick person described the process of their illness. Then polar somnambulism was induced, and the temple priest experienced the dream that contained the therapy. It was the investigation in the oldest mysteries that led from pathology to therapy. This is how medicine was developed in ancient times, by seeking to understand human nature in humans using the old forms of investigation methods.

We must not resort to these methods, but rather to those methods where, through imaginative experience, we are immediately able to follow the disease process, where, through the intuitive method that leads out rather than into the human being, we experience the healing process. What used to be a kind of experiment will have to become intensive observation in this field. You can see where the orientation actually lies. External physical science, which in ancient times was purely observational, has moved on to experimentation, increasingly replacing pure observation with experimentation. It is right to do so. But medical science has followed suit, and in doing so it has not been right. It used to conduct experiments on humans with temple research. From this experiment, we must find the transition to a carefully spiritualized, scientifically fertilized observation of life. For whoever observes life can intercept disease everywhere. In the simplest expression of everyday life, which deviates only slightly from the so-called normal, there may be something that, when viewed correctly, can lead to the recognition of complicated disease processes, if only one sees things in the right context.

However, this means that doctors must increasingly become true practitioners, which is the opposite of the path taken by recent developments under the influence of materialism. Doctors have gradually become scientists, and that makes no sense. The physician only has meaning if he can always apply the laws of nature in living activity, not if he only recognizes them in an abstract sense. Recognizing them in the abstract sense of the word does not yet lead to the application of the laws of nature. You have looked at the matter from one side. Now look at it from the other side.

Look at it from the other side, from the side the priest must look at it, while telling yourself that the priest's profession consists in guiding people in all matters where their ego and astral body should somehow submerge into the spiritual world, where people should therefore have a share in the spiritual world. If it is necessary for the physician to look into the essence of the human being in a spiritual way, to perceive pathological processes in a spiritual way — what will the priest have to seek? The priest will have to look for what leads people into the spiritual world, in their attitude toward the spiritual world, in their love for the spiritual world, in their permeation by the spiritual world, as it already exists in normal life, to touch upon everything that the human soul presents in normal and abnormal phenomena in this area. Let us now follow the reverse process for him, which we had to follow with the doctor. With the doctor, we said: Well, if he lets the somnambulist describe the diseased organ, then she will describe the remedy from her dream.

Let us now take the priest again, as he was in the ancient mysteries. He was certainly not merely interested in finding the remedy, although, as he was first and foremost a philanthropist, he was primarily interested in healing. But he did not stop at healing; he was interested in something else. He was now interested in the following. He saw that the somnambulist observed the remedy in her dream by standing inside the spiritual world with her ego and astral body. Now, in his observation, he grasped this standing inside the spiritual world, this soul standing inside the spiritual world, and traced it back to the body. What did he find there? He found himself back at the diseased organs, of course, but now he knew from what he had perceived out there how the astral body and the ego work in this organ in a healthy state. By going back to the diseased organ, he knew how it works in a healthy state. The result was that he now perceived how the astral body or I normally intervene in the human organism from the divine-spiritual powers, how they sit within it. He got to know them in their healthy state through dreams in the spiritual being of the world and gained an insight into how they behave again when they submerge. He gained an inner relationship between the human being and the spiritual world.

This is what can accompany the sacrament as the attitude of the priest, where he carries back the spiritual world, for the spiritual world adheres to the sacrament through the institution of the cult. The cult connects the spiritual with the physical substance precisely by virtue of the inner insights into how the spiritual is connected with matter. Physical, spiritualized beings are brought back into human beings, and a relationship is established in the human being that connects his astral body within the physical body and the etheric body, his ego within the physical and etheric bodies, with the divine-spiritual existence of the world. Everything in this relationship depends on the sacramentalism being observed by the priesthood with such an attitude. Everything depends on our permeating ourselves with such things as the connection between experience in the body and experience outside the body, the mysteries of pathology through observation of the abandoned body, the mystery of therapy through observation of abnormal life, life in the spiritual world, and normal perception in the spiritual world. What was explored by outstanding somnambulistic beings in ancient times in the temple mysteries must be explored again by developing spiritual insights within ourselves and observing the connections once more. Experimentation in this field must flow into observation.

Now it is important that those doctors and priests who are part of the anthroposophical movement are united in their knowledge of such facts. This is what really binds us together, what permeates us with a different kind of knowledge than others have. On the other hand, any decision to form a league or an association or a group is an abstraction. What really binds us together is the possession of a certain knowledge. Those who possess this knowledge belong together and should feel that they belong together. The external connection should be the expression of this inner connection created by this knowledge. Our time suffers greatly in this respect.

Just consider how, even with the very best of intentions, when one speaks today at a youth assembly, for example, although I fully recognize their aspirations, it is extremely difficult when, instead of the concrete things that should fill the soul, one is immediately confronted with the statement: The first and most important thing is to unite! — In recent decades, everything has become infinitely united. People have united, but they have never realized that when they arrange things in this way: 00000000 and so on, something comes out of it. A consciousness that is initially unfulfilled, connected to a consciousness that is again unfulfilled, connected to a third consciousness that is again unfulfilled, that yields nothing. On the other hand, one need only presuppose fulfillment, that which underlies all zeros, that which has One (1), and then you have something. It does not have to be a human being, but fulfillment, then it is something. Curiously, this presupposes that something already exists, even that which is not a human being, but that knowledge itself is essential. These things should be considered in our time, when people are often too comfortable to seek the concrete and therefore always want to combine the abstract. Combining is good, but it comes naturally when the concrete is there.

This, too, is something that perhaps should be understood first and foremost by those who work as doctors and priests within today's humanity. For it can already be said that the two things can be observed everywhere today. Despite being awake, the human ego and astral body do not really find the physical body and etheric body in the proper way. It is true that those who see through the world in its becoming are not really so terribly hurt by the views in the field of materialism. Let the monists and all kinds of people argue among themselves. That is certainly an impossible thing, but it is not actually fundamentally harmful to the process of human development. Therefore, when one sees through this process of development, one does not like to participate in these discussions of worldviews. After all, whether one person thinks this and another thinks that, opinions are terribly thin things in the human soul and do not have a very strong effect on reality. Opinions are foam within reality. And whether one soap bubble bursts and another splatters, or one becomes a little thicker from the impact, it does no harm. But one must remember that no one who is properly seated with their ego and astral body in their physical and etheric bodies actually becomes a materialist. That being a materialist in the finer sense means being sick. And one must permeate oneself with this realization: being a materialist means being sick. It is therefore no wonder that when the others, who are properly seated in their physical and etheric bodies, come together with these sick materialists, they develop the opposite pole, all kinds of ambiguities of spiritualism.

And here we come to a realm where, because things do not take place in the parts of the world that are still connected with each other, but in the parts of the world where the world has already been thrown into chaos and its blocks lie side by side, we come to the realm where the one is no longer the revelation of the other's wholeness, but where the two diverge. For as long as the sick person speaks of the processes in his internal organs, his dreams are related to the healing powers in the external world that correspond to the diseased organs. But just as the person, through the sickness of materialism, does not describe his internal organs from within, but breaks through the organism to the other side and wants to describe the outside world, as happens in materialism, then the opposite of dreams, false spiritualism, no longer acts as a remedy, but on the contrary, makes the person even sicker.

And so we see today, in our time, when we compare all medicine that relates to human beings with that which can rightly be compared with it: cultural pathology, cultural therapy, when we take these, we find that, for example, spiritualism is by no means a remedy, but corresponds to the dream state for materialism, which corresponds to the somnambulistic description of the internal organs. When a process—and this is indeed the case—that should actually affect the inner self breaks through to the outer world in humans—we can observe such pathological processes in rashes, where the situation corresponds exactly to what I have told you—then what is observed internally does not appear to the observer as healthy, but as a pathological deviation. Therefore, the physician should know that materialism is the cause of illness, and so materialism should be viewed medically.

Then, through such a medical view, a bridge emerges to the priestly view, which proceeds from the opposite side, to the priestly view that looks into the pathological soul phenomena of the human being, which he forms out of his need, out of his emotion. This is also the case with spiritualism. And one then comes to recognize that pathological life in the broadest sense wants to immerse itself in the universe, just as everything that is pathological in the worldview is based on the will, and thus actually lives itself out, as it must work its way into the inner being of the human being in a truly pathological state.

Now, in contrast to the current epoch of human development, one will not be able to see what was clearly visible in earlier times due to the different conditions of human nature, such as what is present in terms of wrong direction of will, wrong worldview, wrong view of life, what was called “sin” in the old sense. one will not immediately see how this translates into the disease process of the organism, because it does not do so directly in this way. We only pay attention to this in the rarest of cases, only in cases that stand as intermediate stages between what are actually to be understood as illnesses and sin. These transition back into states that only border on the pathological. But sin and actual illness stand apart in today's epoch of development in such a way that they are separated from each other by two incarnations. In earlier epochs of human development, sin and illness could sometimes be connected as cause and effect in one incarnation, but now, due to the advanced development process of humanity, they are separated by incarnations: sin and illness. Sin in one incarnation, illness in the other.

This is where the domain of the priest begins. The priest, therefore, if he merely adheres to the traditions of ancient times, must no longer say that sin is the cause of illness. But if he passes on to the insight of repeated earthly lives, then he may speak of it, for then he is speaking the truth again. Therefore, much of what is said about these things by priests in the world today is no longer true, because it no longer corresponds to the facts. These teachings originate from ancient times, and today there is no will to reformulate them in accordance with what is required in our time. We must come to terms with all this, and then it will be possible to make these considerations on pastoral medicine fruitful on both sides.

I am now considering, because it does indeed desirable for our friends to be able to settle in, I am now considering giving two more lectures on pastoral medicine tomorrow and the day after tomorrow.