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At the Gates of Spiritual Science
GA 95

30 August 1906, Stuttgart

9. Evolution of the Earth

If we ask how man has developed since the earliest times up to the present day, we must first recall what has been said about the being of man. Man has seven members: the first is, so to speak, the lowest; the etheric body is higher and of finer texture; the astral body is still higher and finer; of the Ego-body only the first rudiments yet exist. It would be wrong to conclude that the highest body now possessed by man is the most perfect, and the physical body the most imperfect. Exactly the opposite is true: the physical body is the most perfect part of the human being. Later on the higher members will of course reach a higher degree of perfection, but at present the physical body is in its way the most highly developed and has been constructed with ineffable wisdom. I once described to you, as an example of this wisdom and perfection, the structure of the thigh-bone. Every single bone is so artistically structured and wisely devised as to perform the maximum work with the minimum mass, in a way no human engineer could equal.

The more deeply we penetrate to an understanding of the wonderful structure of the human frame, the more marvellous will it appear to us to be. Take, for instance, the way in which the brain and heart have been designed. The heart makes no mistakes, but the astral body makes many. The passions and desires of the astral body surge against the physical body and overpower it. If a man eats the wrong sort of food, he is following the desires of his astral body. The physical heart keeps the circulation of the blood in order; the astral body incessantly attacks the heart, because it craves for things harmful to the heart. Coffee, tea, alcohol, are poisons for the heart, yet the heart often has to cope with them every day, and in spite of everything it keeps going. It is constructed so durably that it can withstand the attacks of the astral body for seventy or eighty years. The physical body is thus in all details the most perfect in the hierarchy of human bodies.

Less perfect is the etheric body, and still less so the astral; the Ego-body is the least developed of them all. The reason is that the physical body has gone through the longest period of evolution and is the oldest part of the human being; younger is the etheric body, still younger the astral, and the Ego-body is the youngest of all.

In order to understand how these bodies have evolved, we must realise that it is not only man who goes through successive incarnations, but that the law of reincarnation applies universally. All beings, and all the planets, are subject to this law. The Earth, with everything that is on it, has passed through earlier incarnations, of which three in particular are our immediate concern.

Before the Earth became the planet we know, it was a very different one. At the beginning of time it was a planet called, in occult science, Saturn. Altogether there have been four successive incarnations of the Earth: Saturn, Sun, Moon and Earth. Just as there is a Kamaloka and Devachan period between a man's successive incarnations, so is there between successive incarnations of a planet a period when it is not visible and has no outward life. This period has always been called Pralaya, and the period of incorporation, Manvantara. However, the names Saturn, Sun and Moon do not signify the heavenly bodies which are called so today. Our Sun is a fixed star; the old Sun was a planet, and in the course of its incarnations it has worked itself up from the substance and being of a planet to the rank of a fixed star. In the same way the Old Moon, as we call it, is not the same as the Moon we know today; it was the third incarnation of the Earth. Similarly with Saturn, the first stage of the Earth's evolution.

Even on the planet Saturn man was present. Saturn did not shine, but it sounded and could have been heard with Devachanic ears. After existing for a certain period it gradually vanished away, was for a long time invisible, and then shone out as Sun. The planet Sun passed through the same process and reappeared as Moon. Finally, after the same sequence, the Earth appeared.

But we must not picture these four planets Saturn, Sun, Moon and Earth—as four separate planets; they are four different conditions of the same planet. They are true metamorphoses of the one planet and all the beings that belong to it are metamorphosed with it. Man has never been on any other planet, but the Earth has existed in these four different conditions.

When the Earth existed as Saturn, only the first germs of the kingdom of man dwelt on it. The marvellously artistic structure of the human body was then present only in barest outline. There were no minerals, plants or animals. Man is the first-born of our creative process. But Saturn-man was very different from the man of today. He was for the most part a spiritual being; he would not have been visible to physical eyes—and of course at that time there were none. Only a being with Devachanic sight could have perceived him. The human form was like a kind of auric egg, and within it was a remarkable scaly structure, a sort of vortex, shaped like a small pear and as though made of oyster-shells. Saturn was permeated with these rudimentary physical structures—exudations, as it were, condensed out of the spiritual. From these structures, which gave only a faint indication of what they were to become, the physical body of man was gradually developed in the course of evolution. It was a kind of primal mineral, with no etheric body round it; hence we can say that man passed through the mineral kingdom; but to think of it as anything like our present-day mineral kingdom would be quite wrong. On Saturn there was no kingdom other than the human kingdom.

Now just as man passes through the various stages of his life, as child, young man or woman, old man or woman, so so does a planet. Before Saturn manifested the flaky structures deposited within it, it was an Arupa-Devachan structure, then a Rupa-Devachan structure, and finally an astral structure. Then the flakes gradually disappear, and Saturn returns through the same stages into the darkness of Pralaya. A metamorphosis such as this, from the spiritual into the physical and then back again into the spiritual, is called in Theosophy a Round, or a Life-condition. Each Round can be divided into seven phases: Arupa, Rupa, Astral, Physical and back to Arupa.31Arupa: Sanskrit, “without form”, indicating the highest realm of Devachan. Rupa: Sanskrit, “form”. The Rupa planes are the lower spheres of Devachan. These phases, called “Globes”, are Form-conditions. But we must not imagine seven successive Globes; it is always the same planet which transforms itself, and its beings are transformed with it. Saturn passed through seven such Rounds or Life-conditions. In each Round its structure was being perfected, so that only in the seventh Round was its finally perfected form attained. Each Round has its seven transformations, or Form-conditions, so that Saturn will have passed through seven times seven, or forty-nine, metamorphoses. That is true of Saturn, and then of Sun, Moon and Earth; and in the future there will be three more planets: Jupiter, Venus and Vulcan.

There are thus seven planets, each going through seven Rounds and each Round through seven Form-conditions, expressed as 777 in occult script. In that script, 7 in the unit position means the Globes; in the tens, the Rounds, and in the hundreds, Planets. We therefore have to multiply the figures, and so we find that our planetary system has to pass through 7 by 7 by 7, or 343 transformations.

In H. P. Blavatsky's Secret Doctrine, which was in large part inspired by one of the highest spiritual individualities, we find a remarkable passage. But the great Initiates have always expressed themselves with caution and have given only hints; above all they leave some work for the human being to do. This passage, as H.P.B. knew very well, is full of riddles. There is nothing there about successive incarnations; the teacher said only, “Learn the riddle of 777.” His wish was that people should learn for themselves that this meant 343. The Secret Doctrine gives the riddle but not the solution: this has been discovered only quite recently.

The first germinal condition of man was thus to be found on Saturn in the most ancient times. Then Saturn vanished into Pralaya, and reappeared as Sun, and with it from the darkness of Pralaya came man, the ancient inhabitant of the Universe. In the meantime, however, man had gained the power to separate something from out of himself as the snail does its shell. He could separate shell-like structures as hovering forms; the finer substances he retained within himself so that he might evolve to a higher level. In this way he formed the minerals from out of himself, but these minerals were a kind of living minerals. On Sun, man evolved in such a way that the etheric body, as with planets today, could be added. Thus on Sun he passed through the plant stage, and on Sun there were thus two kingdoms, the mineral kingdom and the plant kingdom; and the latter was man. But these plant forms were quite different from those we know today.

Anyone who understands the deeper relationships will regard the plant as an inverted man. Below is its root; then come the stalk, leaves, stamens and pistils; the pistils contain the female reproductive organs and the stamens, the male. In all innocence the plant stretches out its reproductive organs to the Sun, for it is the Sun that kindles its reproductive power. The root is really the “head” of the plant, which stretches its reproductive organs out to the wide spaces of the world, while its head is attracted by the centre of the Earth. Man is the opposite of this: his head is at the top of his body, and below are the organs which the plant spreads out to the Sun. The animal comes in between: its body is horizontal. If you revolve a plant through 90 degrees, you get the position of the animal; turn it through 180 degrees and you get the position of man.

The old occult science gave expression to this in the ancient symbol of the Cross, saying, as Plato33Plato, 427–347 B.C. “... as Plato puts it.” In the dialogue, Timaeus. said in the language of the old Mysteries: the World-Soul is crucified on the cross of the World-Body. The World-Soul is contained in everything, but it has to work its way up through these three stages; it makes its journey on the cross of the body of the world.

On Sun, then, man was a plant-being, upside down compared with modern man. He lived in the Sun and was himself part of its body. The Sun was a body of light, composed of light-ether; man was still plant-like, his head directed towards the centre of the Sun. When later on the Sun left the Earth, the human plant had to turn round; it remained true to the Sun.

In its first Round, Sun merely repeated the Saturn period: it was not until the second Round that the further evolution of man began. When the Sun had evolved to its limit in the seven Rounds, it disappeared into the darkness of Pralaya, and eventually reappeared as Moon.

The first Moon-Round was again only a repetition of Saturn in a rather different form. The second Round also brought nothing new; it was a recapitulation of life on the Sun. In the third Round there was something new: man acquired an astral body in addition to the two earlier bodies. In his outward form we might compare him to the animals of today, for he had three bodies. He had in fact reached the stage of the animal kingdom. He had raised himself to the plant kingdom by ejecting the mineral kingdom. Thus there were two kingdoms apart from man. Then he once more cast off a smaller part, separated himself from it, and went on to the higher level.

During this third Round of Moon an important cosmic event took place. Sun and Moon separated, so there were now two bodies. At the beginning of the second Round the Sun was still there unchanged; then a small segment in the lower part of the Sun detached itself, so that in the third Round there were two bodies side by side.

The Sun kept the finer parts, sending rays to the Moon from the outside, and providing the Moon and all the beings with what they needed. This was the advancement of the Sun; it became a fixed star, and is no longer concerned directly with the three kingdoms; it only imparts to them what it has to give. It gave a home to higher Beings who, now that the Sun had got rid of its inferior parts, could develop further. In the fourth Round all this reached its highest possible level; in the fifth the two bodies reunited and finally disappeared as one body into Pralaya.

The Old Moon had as yet no solid mineral kingdom. It was a globe which, instead of a solid earth crust, had something like a living and inwardly growing peaty mass. This living foundation was permeated with woody structures out of which grew the plant kingdom, as it then was. These plants, however, were really a sort of “plant-animal”: they were able to feel and under pressure would have experienced pain. And man in the animal kingdom of the time was not like any animal of today; he was halfway between animal and man. He was of a higher order than our present animals and could carry out his impulses in a much more systematic way. But he was lower than modern man, for he was not able to say “I” to himself. He did not yet possess an Ego-body.

These three kingdoms dwelt on the living body of the Moon. An important fact is that these Moon-men did not breathe as man does today; they breathed fire, not air. Through this breathing in of fire the warmth permeated their whole being; then they breathed out the fire and heat and became cold again. What man has nowadays as the heat of his blood, Moon-men had in the warmth of their breath. Many of the older, still clairvoyant painters symbolised this in the image of the fire-breathing dragon; they knew that in ancient times there had been these Moon-beings who breathed fire.

After disappearing into Pralaya, the Moon reappeared as Earth. In the first Round the whole Saturn-existence was repeated, in the second the Sun, and in the third the Moon-existence. During the third Round the separation of Sun and Moon was repeated, but on the returning path of this Round two bodies reunited.

In the fourth Round the Sun and Moon came forth again as one body, and now the Earth began to form itself. At this point an important event occurred: an encounter of the Earth with the planet Mars. The planets interpenetrated, the Earth going through Mars. At that time Mars possessed a substance, iron, which the Earth lacked, and Mars left this iron in the Earth in a vaporous form. But for this occurrence, the Earth would have had to remain as it was, possessing only what was already there. Man would have risen as far as the animal kingdom, as it then was; he would have breathed warmth, but he would never have acquired warm blood, for there is iron in the blood. In fact, according to occult science the Earth is indebted to Mars to such an extent that the first half of its evolution is called Mars. Mercury has equal significance for the second half; the Earth entered into a connection with Mercury and is still closely related to it. Hence in occult science the terms Mars and Mercury are used instead of Earth.

This planetary stage will be followed in the future by three others: Jupiter, Venus, Vulcan. These seven stages of the Earth, as recorded in occult science, are preserved in the days of the week, though in German they are somewhat confused:

Saturn Saturday, Samedi Samstag
Sun Sunday Sonntag
Moon Monday, Lundi Montag
Mars Mardi, Tiu—Tuesday Dienstag
Mercury Mercredi, Wednesday Mittwoch
Jupiter Jeudi, Tor, Donar—Thursday Donnerstag
Venus Vendredi, Freya—Friday Freitag

Thus do the names of the days of the week reflect the occult doctrine of the passage of the Earth through these various stages: a remarkable chronicle which makes it possible for these truths to be kept ever and again in mind.

We shall see in the course of the next few days how Theosophy enables us to understand for the first time what our early forefathers expressed quite simply in names, and how the most ordinary everyday things are linked with the most profound.

Neunter Vortrag

Wenn wir uns fragen: Wie hat der Mensch sich seit den urältesten Zeiten bis heute gebildet, wie ist seit Urzeiten der Mensch entstanden? — dann werden wir uns vor allem an das erinnern müssen, was wir über die Wesenheit des Menschen ausgeführt haben. Der Mensch hat sieben Glieder: das erste, der physische Leib, ist sozusagen das untergeordnetste Glied, höher und feiner ist dann schon der Ätherleib, noch höher und feiner ist der Astralleib, von dem IchLeib sind erst die Anlagen vorhanden. Es wäre aber falsch, daraus den Schluß zu ziehen, daß man den höchsten Leib, den der Mensch heute hat, auch den vollkommensten nennen könnte und daß der physische Leib der unvollkommenste wäre. Es ist gerade das Gegenteil der Fall, der physische Leib ist das vollkommenste Glied der menschlichen Wesenheit. Später einmal werden freilich die höheren Glieder in viel höherem Maße vollkommen sein, aber heute ist in seiner Art der physische Leib der am höchsten entwickelte. Er ist mit unbeschreiblicher Weisheit aufgebaut. Ich habe Ihnen einmal als Beispiel den Bau des Oberschenkelknochens beschrieben. Jeder einzelne Knochen ist mit seinem kunstvoll gefügten Gebälk in seiner weisen Anordnung so, wie kein Ingenieur heute das Problem lösen könnte, mit der kleinsten Masse die größte Leistung zu erzielen. Und je tiefer man eindringt in den Wunderbau der menschlichen Gestalt, desto bewunderungswürdiger erscheint uns der Aufbau, zum Beispiel der Wunderbau des Gehirns, des Herzens. Das Herz macht keinen Fehler, aber der menschliche Astralleib begeht viele Fehler. Die Triebe und Leidenschaften des Astralleibes stürmen auf den physischen Leib ein und überwältigen ihn. Wenn der Mensch unrichtige Nahrung zu sich nimmt, folgt er wiederum dem Astralleib. Das physische Herz hält den Blutlauf in Ordnung, aber der Astralleib macht unaufhörlich Attacken auf das Herz, weil seine Triebe begehren, was dem Herzen schadet. Kaffee, Tee, Alkohol sind Giftstoffe für das Herz, sie werden ihm oft täglich zugeführt, und das Herz hält dennoch stand. Es ist so dauerhaft konstruiert, daß es siebzig, achtzig Jahre allen Stürmen des Astralleibes trotzt. In der Stufenlage der Leiber ist also der physische Leib der vollkommenste bis in alle Einzelheiten hinein.

Weniger vollkommen ist der Ätherleib, noch weiter zurück in seiner Entwickelung ist der Astralleib, und am wenigsten entwickelt ist der Ich-Leib. Woher kommt das? Das kommt daher, daß der physische Leib die längste Entwickelung durchgemacht hat. Er ist das älteste Glied der menschlichen Wesenheit. Weniger alt ist der Ätherleib, noch jünger ist der Astralleib, und am jüngsten ist der Ich-Leib.

Um diese Entwickelung der Leiber zu verstehen, muß man wissen, daß nicht nur der Mensch wiederholte Verkörperungen durchmacht, sondern daß das Gesetz der Reinkarnation ein allgemeines Weltgesetz ist. Nicht nur der Mensch macht also fortwährend Verkörperungen durch, sondern alle Wesen und alle Planeten sind diesem Gesetze unterworfen. Unsere ganze Erde mit allem, was darauf ist, hat frühere Inkarnationen durchgemacht, von denen uns zunächst drei besonders beschäftigen sollen.

Bevor die Erde zu diesem Planeten geworden ist, war sie ein anderer. Vor uralten Zeiten war unsere Erde ein Planet, den die Geheimwissenschaft Saturn nennt. Vier sich folgende Verkörperungen sind: Saturn, Sonne, Mond, Erde. Wie zwischen zwei menschlichen Verkörperungen eine Kamaloka- und Devachanzeit liegt, so liegt zwischen je zwei planetarischen Verkörperungen der Erde eine Zeit, in der dieselbe nicht sichtbar ist und kein äußeres Leben führt. Diese Zeit zwischen den Verkörperungen unseres Planeten nannte man das Pralaya, und die Zeit, in der er verkörpert ist, Manvantara. Mit den Namen Saturn, Sonne, Mond sind aber nicht die Himmelskörper gemeint, die heute so genannt werden. Das, was hier Sonne genannt wird, ist nicht unsere heutige Sonne. Unsere heutige Sonne ist ein Fixstern, und im Laufe ihrer Verkörperungen hat sie sich aus der Substanz und Wesenheit eines Planeten zu dem Range eines Fixsterns heraufgearbeitet; die alte Sonne war ein Planet. Ebenso ist das, was der alte Mond genannt wird, nicht der heutige Mond; es war die dritte Verkörperungsstufe der Erde, und so ist es auch mit dem Saturn, er war die erste Entwickelungsstufe der Erde.

Auf dem Planeten Saturn war der Mensch schon vorhanden. Der Saturn leuchtete nicht, aber mit devachanischem Hören hätte man ihn hören können; er tönte. Nachdem er eine Zeitlang dagewesen war, verschwand er nach und nach, wurde eine lange Zeit unsichtbar und leuchtete dann wieder hervor als Sonne. Diese machte dann denselben Prozeß durch und kam als Mond wieder hervor. Zuletzt kam in gleicher Weise die Erde.

Man darf sich aber diese vier Planeten, Saturn, Sonne, Mond, Erde, nicht als vier voneinander getrennte Planeten vorstellen; das wäre ganz falsch. Es sind vier Erscheinungszustände eines und desselben Planeten. Es sind richtige Metamorphosen des einen Planeten, und alle Wesen auf demselben metamorphosieren sich mit ihm. Der Mensch war nie auf einem anderen Planeten, aber die Erde war in verschiedenen Zuständen da.

Als unsere Erde Saturn war, gab es nur die allerersten Keime zu unserem Menschenreich. Was heute als menschlicher Leib so kunstvoll aufgebaut ist, war auf dem Saturn nur Anlage, nichts weiter als allererste Anlage. Es gab kein Mineral, keine Pflanzen, kein Tier. Der Mensch ist der Erstling unserer Schöpfung. Aber der Saturnmensch war wesentlich anders als der heutige Mensch. Er war zum großen Teil ein geistiges Wesen. Man hätte ihn noch nicht mit physischen Augen sehen können. Es gab auch noch keine physischen Augen. Nur ein Wesen mit devachanischem Schauen hätte diesen Menschen wahrnehmen können. Dieses menschliche Gebilde war wie eine Art aurisches Ei und darin ein merkwürdiges schaliges Gebilde in Form einer kleinen Birne, wie zusammengefügte Austernschalen, eine Art von Wirbeln. Der Saturn war ganz durchsetzt von solchen Anfängen physischer Gebilde; es waren gleichsam Ausschwitzungen, die sich aus dem Geistigen verdichteten. Aus diesen Gebilden, die man nur als ganz leise Andeutungen des Späteren hätte ansehen können, hat sich im Laufe der Entwickelung der physische Leib des Menschen gebildet. Es war eine Art Urmineral, um das sich noch nicht ein Ätherleib gebildet hatte. Darum kann man sagen: Der Mensch ging durch das Mineralreich hindurch. Doch war das nicht unser heutiges Mineralreich, so zu denken wäre ganz unrichtig. Außer diesem Menschenreich gab es überhaupt kein anderes Reich auf dem Saturn.

Wie nun der Mensch gewisse Lebensstadien durchmacht, als Kind, Jüngling, Jungfrau, Mann, Frau, Greis, Greisin, so macht auch ein Planet Lebensstadien durch. Ehe der Saturn die in ihm abgelagerten Flocken zeigte, war er ein Arupa-Devachangebilde, dann ein Rupa-Devachangebilde, nachher ein Astralgebilde. Hierauf verschwinden nach und nach die Flocken, und der Saturn geht diese Stufen wieder zurück ins Dunkel des Pralaya. Solch eine Metamorphose vom Geistigen ins Physische und wieder zurück nennt man in der theosophischen Literatur eine «Runde» oder einen «Lebenszustand». Jede Runde zerfällt wieder in sieben Unterabteilungen: Arupa, Rupa, Astral, Physisch, dann wieder Astral, Rupa, Arupa; diese hat man mit Unrecht «Globen» genannt: Es sind Formzustände. Man hat es aber nicht mit sieben aufeinanderfolgenden Kugeln zu tun, es ist immer derselbe Planet, der sich verwandelt, und die Wesen machen die Verwandlungen mit durch. Der Saturn hat sieben solcher Runden oder Lebenszustände durchgemacht. In jeder Runde wird das Gebilde vervollkommnet, so daß es erst in der siebenten Runde in seiner Art vollkommen ist. In jeder Runde werden sieben Verwandlungen beziehungsweise Formzustände durchgemacht, mithin hätte der Saturn sieben mal sieben, also neunundvierzig Metamorphosen. Das hat der Saturn durchgemacht, ebenso die Sonne, der Mond, und die Erde macht dasselbe durch, und dann folgen in der Zukunft noch drei andere Planeten: Jupiter, Venus und Vulkan.

Es sind also sieben Planeten mit je sieben mal sieben Zuständen, also geheimwissenschaftlich geschrieben 777. In der Geheimschrift bedeutet die Sieben an der Einerstelle die Globen, an der Zehnerstelle die Runden, an der Hunderterstelle die Planeten. Diese Zahlen müssen miteinander multipliziert werden. Mithin hat unser Planetensystem 7 mal 7 mal 7 oder 343 Verwandlungen durchzumachen.

In der «Geheimlehre» von H. P. B. finden wir eine merkwürdige Stelle. Die «Geheimlehre» ist zu einem großen Teil des Inhalts von einer der höchsten geistigen Individualitäten inspiriert worden. Aber die großen Eingeweihten haben sich immer sehr vorsichtig‘ ausgedrückt, sie haben nur angedeutet. Vor allen Dingen lassen sie die Menschen selbst immer etwas arbeiten. So ist diese Stelle voller Rätsel; H.P. B. wußte das. Der Lehrer sagte nichts von aufeinanderfolgenden Inkarnationen, er sagte nur: Lernt das Rätsel von 777 Inkarnationen zu lösen. - Er wollte, daß man lernen sollte, daß dies 343 sind. In der «Geheimlehre» steht zwar die Aufgabe, aber nicht die Lösung; die ist erst in jüngster Zeit gefunden worden.

Der erste Keimzustand des Menschen war also auf dem in urferner Zeit sich entwickelnden Saturn. Dieser verschwand dann ins Pralaya und trat aus demselben wieder hervor als Sonne, und mit ihr trat aus dem Dunkel des Pralaya auch der Mensch wieder hervor, der alte Bewohner des Weltalls. Aber mittlerweile hatte der Mensch die Kraft bekommen, etwas aus sich herauszusondern, wie die Schnecke ihr Haus. Er konnte schalenförmige Gebilde heraussondern als schwebende Gestalten und behielt die feineren Stoffe in sich zurück, um sich höher zu entwickeln. So bildete der Mensch das Mineralreich aus sich heraus; aber diese Mineralien waren eine Art lebender Mineralien. Der Mensch entwickelte sich nun auf der Sonne so, daß der Ätherleib hinzutrat, wie bei den heutigen Pflanzen. Er machte also auf der Sonne das Pflanzenreich durch, und wir haben nun auf der Sonne zwei Reiche, das Mineralreich und das Pflanzenreich; das letztere war der Mensch. Aber diese Pflanzenformen waren ganz verschieden von unseren heutigen.

Wer in die tieferen Beziehungen eindringt, betrachtet die Pflanze als einen umgekehrten Menschen. Sie hat unten die Wurzel, dann nach oben den Stengel, Blätter, Blüte, Staubgefäße und Stempel; die Stempel enthalten die weiblichen, die Staubgefäße die männlichen Befruchtungsorgane. In naiver Unschuld streckt die Pflanze die Befruchtungsorgane der Sonne entgegen, denn die Sonne ist die Anregung der Befruchtungskraft. Die Wurzel ist in Wahrheit das Haupt der Pflanze, welche die Befruchtungsorgane in den Weltenraum hinausstreckt und deren Kopf von dem Innern des Erdzentrums angezogen wird. Der Mensch ist umgekehrt, er hat das Haupt oben und die Organe, die die Pflanze zur Sonne hinaufstreckt, unten. Das Tier steht in der Mitte, es hat den Leib horizontal. Wird die Pflanze halb gedreht, so ergibt sich die Stellung des Tieres, wird sie ganz umgedreht, die des Menschen.

Das hat die alte Geheimwissenschaft in einem uralten Symbol ausgedrückt, im Kreuz, und hat gesagt, wie Plato es nach den alten Mysterien ausdrückt: Die Weltenseele ist ans Kreuz des Weltenleibes geschlagen. - Das heißt, die Weltenseele ist in allem enthalten, aber sie muß sich hinaufarbeiten durch diese drei Stufen hindurch; sie macht ihre Reise am Kreuz des Weltenleibes durch.

Auf der Sonne war der Mensch als Pflanzenwesen, also genau umgekehrt wie der heutige Mensch. Er lebte ja in der Sonne, er gehörte zum Leib der Sonne. Die Sonne war ein Lichtkörper, sie bestand aus Lichtäther; der Mensch war noch Pflanze und mit seinem Kopfe zum Mittelpunkt der Sonne gerichtet. Als dann später die Sonne heraustrat, mußte die Menschenpflanze sich umdrehen, sie blieb der Sonne treu.

In der ersten Runde ist die Sonne nur eine Wiederholung der Saturnzeit; erst bei der zweiten Runde beginnt die weitere EntwickeJung des Menschen. Als die Sonne sich dann in den sieben Runden so weit entwickelt hatte, wie sie konnte, verschwand sie im Dunkel des Pralaya und kam erst wieder hervor als Mond.

Die erste Mondenrunde war wiederum nur eine Wiederholung des Saturndaseins in etwas anderer Gestalt. Die zweite Mondenrunde brachte auch noch nichts Neues, sie war eine Wiederholung des Lebens auf der Sonne. In der dritten Mondenrunde erst kam etwas Neues hinzu: Der Mensch bekam den Astralleib zu seinen zwei früheren Leibern. Da ist er in seiner äußeren Gestalt dem Tier von heute zu vergleichen: Er hat drei Leiber. Damals ist er angekommen auf der Stufe des Tierreiches. Der Mensch erhob sich zum Pflanzenreich durch Abstoßung des Mineralreiches, er erhebt sich nun zum Tierreich durch Abstoßung des Pflanzenreichs. So stehen nun zwei Reiche neben ihm. Dann stößt er wieder einen kleineren Teil von sich ab, sondert ihn von sich aus und geht höher hinauf.

In dieser dritten Mondenrunde geht nun auch ein wichtiger kosmischer Prozeß vor sich: Sonne und Mond trennen sich. Es entstehen zwei Körper; der Mond spaltet sich von der Sonne ab. Im Anfang der zweiten Mondenrunde ist die Sonne noch unverändert, dann zeigt sich eine kleine Einschnürung unten an dem Sonnenkörper, er schnürt sich ab, und in der dritten Mondenrunde sind zwei Körper nebeneinander.

Die Sonne hat die edleren Teile behalten, sie schickt von außen ihre Strahlen auf den Mond und gibt ihm und allen Wesen darauf das Nötige. Das ist das Avancement der Sonne, sie ist jetzt Fixstern geworden, und sie beschäftigt sich nicht mehr selbst mit den drei Reichen, sondern gibt nur ab, was sie zu geben hat. Sie beherbergt höhere Wesen, die sich jetzt entwickeln können, nachdem die Sonne die niederen Teile ausgesondert hat. In der vierten Mondenrunde vervollkommnet sich das alles, und in der fünften gehen dann die zwei Körper wieder ineinander über und verschwinden darauf als Eines im Pralaya.

Der alte Mond hatte noch keine feste Erdkruste, auf der man herumgehen konnte, wie auf den Felsen unserer Erde. Das Mineralreich war damals etwa wie eine lebendige Torfmoormasse oder wie gekochter Spinat. Diese lebendige, innerlich wachsende Masse war durchsetzt von holzartigen Gebilden. Daraus erwuchs das damalige Pflanzenreich, Pflanzen, die eigentlich Pflanzentiere waren. Sie hatten Empfindungen und würden einen Druck schmerzlich empfunden haben. Und der Mensch im damaligen Tierreich war nicht wie das heutige Tier, sondern stand zwischen Mensch und Tier. Er war höherstehend als das heutige Tier und konnte in viel planvollerer Weise seine Triebe ausführen. Er stand aber niedriger als der heutige Mensch, denn er konnte noch nicht zu sich Ich sagen. Er hatte noch nicht den Ich-Leib.

Diese drei Reiche lebten auf dem lebendigen Mondenkörper. Wichtig ist, daß diese Mondmenschen nicht so geatmet haben wie der heutige Mensch. Sie atmeten nicht Luft, sondern Feuer ein und aus. Mit dem Feuereinatmen durchdrangen sie sich mit Wärme; beim Ausatmen gaben sie die Wärme wieder von sich und wurden kalt. Die heutige innere Blutwärme hatte der Mensch auf dem Mond als Atmungswärme. Viele alte hellsehende Maler symbolisierten das in dem feueratmenden Drachen; sie haben eben gewußt, daß es in uralten Zeiten solche Mondwesen gegeben hat, die Feuer atmeten.

Nach seiner Entwickelung durch 7 mal 7 mal 7 Zustände ging der Mond ins Pralaya zurück und kam dann als Erde wieder hervor. In der ersten Erdenrunde wiederholt sich das ganze Saturndasein, in der zweiten das Sonnen- und in der dritten das Mondendasein. Während der dritten Runde wiederholte sich auch die Abspaltung von Sonne und Mond.

In der vierten Erdenrunde fängt die Erde an, sich herauszubilden. Nun geschieht ein hochwichtiger kosmischer Vorgang: Die Erde hat im Entstehen eine Begegnung mit dem Planeten Mars. Die zwei Planeten durchdringen einander, die Erde geht durch den Mars hindurch. Der Mars hatte einen Stoff, den die Erde damals nicht besaß: das Eisen. Dieses Eisen ließ der Mars in dampfförmigem Zustand in der Erde zurück. Wäre dies nicht geschehen, wäre die Erde alleingeblieben mit dem, was früher schon vorhanden war, dann hätten es die Menschen wohl bis zum Tierreich, wie es damals vorhanden war, gebracht; sie hätten Wärme atmen, aber niemals warmes Blut haben können. Hätte der Mars der Erde nicht das Eisen eingelagert, dann hätten die Menschen kein warmes Blut bekommen, denn im Blute ist Eisen enthalten. So sagt die Geheimwissenschaft: Die Erde verdankt bei ihrer Entwickelung dem Mars so viel, daß man sie in der ersten Hälfte ihres Seins Mars nennt. Für die zweite Hälfte hat eine ebenso wichtige Bedeutung der Merkur. Die Erde trat in alter Zeit in Beziehung zum Merkur und bleibt bis zum Ende ihrer Entwickelung mit ihm in Verbindung. Darum spricht man in der Geheimwissenschaft nicht von Erde, sondern von Mars und Merkur.

Auf dieses Stadium folgen in der Zukunft noch drei Stadien: Jupiter, Venus, Vulkan. Diese sieben Erdstadien, wie sie die Geheimwissenschaft angibt, haben sich erhalten in den Namen der Wochentage, die allerdings in der deutschen Sprache ziemlich verstümmelt sind:

Saturn Saturday, Samedi Samstag
Sonne Sunday Sonntag
Mond Monday, Lundi Montag
Mars Mardi, oder Ziu - Tuesday Dienstag
Merkur Mercredi, Wednesday Mittwoch
Jupiter Jeudi, Tor, Donar - Thursday Donnerstag
Venus Vendredi, Freya - Friday Freitag

So haben Sie in den Namen der Wochentage die geheimwissenschaftliche Lehre von dem Durchgang der Erde durch diese verschiedenen Perioden: eine wunderbare Chronik, die es dem Menschen ermöglicht, sich diese Wahrheiten immer wieder zu vergegenwärtigen. Wir werden im Verlaufe der nächsten Tage dann immer mehr sehen, wie die Theosophie uns erst wieder zum Verständnis bringt, was unsere Urväter einst einfach im Namen ausgedrückt haben, und wie das Alltäglichste mit dem Allertiefsten zusammenhängt.

Ninth Lecture

When we ask ourselves: How has the human being developed from the most ancient times to the present day, how has the human being come into being since time immemorial? — then we will first of all have to remember what we have said about the essence of the human being. Human beings have seven members: the first, the physical body, is, so to speak, the lowest member; higher and more refined is the etheric body; even higher and more refined is the astral body; and only the rudiments of the I-body are present. But it would be wrong to conclude from this that the highest body that human beings have today could also be called the most perfect, and that the physical body is the most imperfect. Quite the opposite is true: the physical body is the most perfect member of the human being. Later on, of course, the higher members will be perfect to a much greater degree, but today the physical body is the most highly developed of its kind. It is constructed with indescribable wisdom. I once described to you, as an example, the structure of the thigh bone. Each individual bone, with its artfully assembled framework and wise arrangement, is such that no engineer today could solve the problem of achieving the greatest performance with the smallest mass. And the deeper one penetrates into the miraculous structure of the human form, the more admirable the structure appears to us, for example, the miraculous structure of the brain or the heart. The heart makes no mistakes, but the human astral body makes many mistakes. The drives and passions of the astral body storm the physical body and overwhelm it. When a person eats the wrong food, they are again following the astral body. The physical heart keeps the blood flowing properly, but the astral body constantly attacks the heart because its urges desire what harms the heart. Coffee, tea, and alcohol are toxins for the heart; they are often consumed daily, and yet the heart endures. It is so durably constructed that it can withstand all the storms of the astral body for seventy or eighty years. In the hierarchy of bodies, the physical body is therefore the most perfect in every detail.

Less perfect is the etheric body, even further behind in its development is the astral body, and least developed is the ego body. Why is this? It is because the physical body has undergone the longest development. It is the oldest member of the human being. Less old is the etheric body, even younger is the astral body, and youngest of all is the ego body.

In order to understand this development of the bodies, one must know that not only does the human being undergo repeated incarnations, but that the law of reincarnation is a universal law of the world. Not only does the human being undergo repeated incarnations, but all beings and all planets are subject to this law. Our entire Earth, with everything on it, has undergone previous incarnations, of which we will initially focus on three in particular.

Before the Earth became this planet, it was another. In ancient times, our Earth was a planet that secret science calls Saturn. Four successive incarnations are: Saturn, Sun, Moon, Earth. Just as there is a Kamaloka and Devachan period between two human incarnations, so between each two planetary incarnations of the Earth there is a period in which it is not visible and does not lead an external life. This period between the incarnations of our planet was called Pralaya, and the period in which it is incarnated, Manvantara. However, the names Saturn, Sun, and Moon do not refer to the celestial bodies that are called by these names today. What is called the Sun here is not our present Sun. Our present sun is a fixed star, and in the course of its incarnations it has worked its way up from the substance and essence of a planet to the rank of a fixed star; the old sun was a planet. Likewise, what is called the old moon is not the present moon; it was the third stage of incarnation of the earth, and so it is with Saturn, which was the first stage of development of the earth.

Human beings already existed on the planet Saturn. Saturn did not shine, but with devachanic hearing one could have heard it; it sounded. After it had been there for a while, it gradually disappeared, became invisible for a long time, and then shone forth again as the sun. This then went through the same process and reappeared as the moon. Finally, the Earth came into being in the same way.

However, one should not imagine these four planets, Saturn, Sun, Moon, and Earth, as four separate planets; that would be completely wrong. They are four states of manifestation of one and the same planet. They are true metamorphoses of one planet, and all beings on it metamorphose with it. Man has never been on another planet, but the Earth has existed in different states.

When our Earth was Saturn, there were only the very first seeds of our human kingdom. What today is so artfully constructed as the human body was only a seed on Saturn, nothing more than the very first seed. There were no minerals, no plants, no animals. Man is the first fruit of our creation. But the Saturn man was very different from today's man. He was largely a spiritual being. They could not yet be seen with physical eyes. There were no physical eyes yet. Only a being with devachanic vision could have perceived these humans. This human structure was like a kind of auric egg, and inside it was a strange shell-like structure in the shape of a small pear, like joined oyster shells, a kind of vortex. Saturn was completely permeated by such beginnings of physical structures; they were, as it were, exudations that condensed from the spiritual. From these structures, which could only be regarded as very faint hints of what was to come, the physical body of the human being was formed in the course of development. It was a kind of primordial mineral around which an etheric body had not yet formed. Therefore, one can say that the human being passed through the mineral kingdom. However, it would be completely incorrect to think that this was our present mineral kingdom. Apart from this human kingdom, there was no other kingdom at all on Saturn.

Just as the human being goes through certain stages of life, as a child, youth, maiden, man, woman, old man, old woman, so too does a planet go through stages of life. Before Saturn revealed the flakes deposited within it, it was an Arupa Devachan formation, then a Rupa Devachan formation, and later an astral formation. Then the flakes gradually disappear, and Saturn retraces these stages back into the darkness of Pralaya. Such a metamorphosis from the spiritual to the physical and back again is called a “round” or a “state of life” in theosophical literature. Each round is divided into seven subdivisions: Arupa, Rupa, Astral, Physical, then Astral again, Rupa, Arupa; these have been wrongly called “globes”: they are states of form. However, we are not dealing with seven successive spheres; it is always the same planet that transforms, and the beings undergo the transformations with it. Saturn has undergone seven such rounds or states of life. In each round, the structure is perfected, so that it is only in the seventh round that it is perfect in its kind. In each cycle, seven transformations or states of form are undergone, so Saturn would have seven times seven, or forty-nine metamorphoses. Saturn has undergone this, as have the Sun and the Moon, and the Earth is undergoing the same thing, and then three other planets will follow in the future: Jupiter, Venus, and Vulcan.

So there are seven planets, each with seven times seven states, written in secret science as 777. In secret writing, the seven in the ones place represents the globes, the tens place represents the rounds, and the hundreds place represents the planets. These numbers must be multiplied together. Consequently, our planetary system has to undergo 7 times 7 times 7, or 343 transformations.

In H. P. B.'s “The Secret Doctrine,” we find a curious passage. The “Secret Doctrine” was largely inspired by one of the highest spiritual individualities. But the great initiates have always expressed themselves very cautiously, they have only hinted. Above all, they always let people do some of the work themselves. So this passage is full of riddles; H.P.B. knew that. The teacher said nothing about successive incarnations, he only said: Learn to solve the riddle of 777 incarnations. - He wanted people to learn that there are 343. The “Secret Doctrine” contains the task, but not the solution; that has only been found recently.

The first embryonic state of man was thus on Saturn, which developed in ancient times. Saturn then disappeared into Pralaya and emerged from it again as the sun, and with it, man, the ancient inhabitant of the universe, also emerged from the darkness of Pralaya. But in the meantime, humans had gained the power to secrete something from themselves, like a snail secretes its shell. They could secrete shell-like structures as floating forms and retain the finer substances within themselves in order to develop further. In this way, humans formed the mineral kingdom from themselves; but these minerals were a kind of living minerals. Human beings now developed on the sun in such a way that the etheric body was added, as in today's plants. So they went through the plant kingdom on the sun, and we now have two kingdoms on the sun, the mineral kingdom and the plant kingdom; the latter was human beings. But these plant forms were very different from our present ones.

Those who delve into the deeper relationships regard the plant as an inverted human being. It has the root at the bottom, then the stem, leaves, flower, stamens, and pistils at the top; the pistils contain the female reproductive organs, the stamens the male. In naive innocence, the plant stretches its fertilizing organs toward the sun, for the sun stimulates the fertilizing power. The root is in truth the head of the plant, which stretches its fertilizing organs out into space and whose head is drawn toward the center of the earth. Humans are the opposite; they have their head above and the organs that the plant stretches toward the sun below. Animals stand in the middle; their body is horizontal. If the plant is turned halfway, the position of the animal results; if it is turned completely, that of the human.

Ancient secret science expressed this in an ancient symbol, the cross, and said, as Plato puts it according to the ancient mysteries: The world soul is nailed to the cross of the world body. That is to say, the world soul is contained in everything, but it must work its way up through these three stages; it makes its journey through the cross of the world body.

On the sun, man was a plant being, exactly the opposite of man today. He lived in the sun; he belonged to the body of the sun. The sun was a body of light, consisting of light ether; humans were still plants, with their heads directed toward the center of the sun. When the sun later emerged, the human plants had to turn around, but they remained faithful to the sun.

In the first cycle, the sun is only a repetition of the Saturn period; it is not until the second cycle that the further development of humans begins. When the sun had developed as far as it could in the seven cycles, it disappeared into the darkness of Pralaya and only reappeared as the moon.

The first lunar cycle was again only a repetition of Saturn's existence in a slightly different form. The second lunar cycle also brought nothing new; it was a repetition of life on the sun. It was not until the third lunar cycle that something new was added: human beings received the astral body in addition to their two previous bodies. In its outer form, it can be compared to today's animals: it has three bodies. At that time, he arrived at the level of the animal kingdom. Man rose to the plant kingdom by rejecting the mineral kingdom, and now he rises to the animal kingdom by rejecting the plant kingdom. So now two kingdoms stand beside him. Then he rejects a smaller part of himself again, separates it from himself, and rises higher.

In this third lunar cycle, an important cosmic process is now taking place: the sun and moon are separating. Two bodies are formed; the moon splits off from the sun. At the beginning of the second lunar cycle, the sun is still unchanged, then a small constriction appears at the bottom of the sun's body, it constricts, and in the third lunar cycle there are two bodies side by side.

The sun has retained the nobler parts; it sends its rays to the moon from outside and gives it and all beings on it what they need. This is the advancement of the sun; it has now become a fixed star and no longer concerns itself with the three realms, but only gives what it has to give. It harbors higher beings who can now develop after the sun has separated the lower parts. In the fourth lunar cycle, all this is perfected, and in the fifth, the two bodies merge again and disappear as one into Pralaya.

The old moon did not yet have a solid crust on which one could walk, as on the rocks of our earth. At that time, the mineral kingdom was like a living mass of peat bog or cooked spinach. This living, internally growing mass was interspersed with wood-like structures. From this grew the plant kingdom of that time, plants that were actually plant animals. They had feelings and would have found pressure painful. And the human beings in the animal kingdom at that time were not like today's animals, but stood between humans and animals. They were higher than today's animals and could carry out their instincts in a much more planned manner. However, they were lower than today's humans, because they could not yet say “I” to themselves. They did not yet have the “I” body.

These three kingdoms lived on the living body of the Moon. It is important to note that these Moon people did not breathe as humans do today. They did not breathe air, but rather breathed in and out fire. By breathing in fire, they filled themselves with warmth; when they breathed out, they gave off the warmth and became cold. What humans today have as internal blood warmth, humans on the Moon had as respiratory warmth. Many ancient clairvoyant painters symbolized this in the fire-breathing dragon; they knew that in ancient times there were such moon beings who breathed fire.

After its development through 7 times 7 times 7 states, the moon returned to Pralaya and then reemerged as Earth. In the first earth cycle, the entire Saturn existence is repeated, in the second the sun existence, and in the third the moon existence. During the third cycle, the separation of the sun and moon was also repeated.

In the fourth earth cycle, the earth begins to form. Now a highly important cosmic process takes place: during its formation, the Earth encounters the planet Mars. The two planets penetrate each other, with the Earth passing through Mars. Mars had a substance that the Earth did not possess at that time: iron. Mars left this iron behind in the Earth in a vaporous state. If this had not happened, the Earth would have remained alone with what was already present, and humans would have developed to the level of the animal kingdom as it existed at that time; they would have been able to breathe warmth, but would never have had warm blood. If Mars had not deposited iron on Earth, humans would not have had warm blood, because iron is contained in blood. Thus, secret science says: Earth owes so much to Mars in its development that it is called Mars in the first half of its existence. Mercury has an equally important significance for the second half. In ancient times, Earth entered into a relationship with Mercury and will remain connected to it until the end of its development. That is why secret science does not speak of Earth, but of Mars and Mercury.

This stage will be followed by three more stages in the future: Jupiter, Venus, Vulcan. These seven stages of the Earth, as described in secret science, have been preserved in the names of the days of the week, which are, however, quite mangled in the English language:

Saturn Saturday, Samedi Samstag
Sun Sunday Sonntag
Moon Monday, Lundi Montag
Mars Mardi, Tiu—Tuesday Dienstag
Mercury Mercredi, Wednesday Mittwoch
Jupiter Jeudi, Tor, Donar—Thursday Donnerstag
Venus Vendredi, Freya—Friday Freitag

Thus, in the names of the days of the week, you have the secret scientific teaching of the Earth's passage through these different periods: a wonderful chronicle that enables human beings to recall these truths again and again. Over the next few days, we will see more and more how theosophy brings us back to an understanding of what our forefathers once simply expressed in names, and how the most everyday things are connected to the most profound.