The Stages of Higher Knowledge
GA 12
2. Imagination
[ 1 ] It is impossible to make real progress in penetrating to the higher worlds without going through the stage of imaginative knowledge. This by no means implies that during occult training the human being is compelled to remain for a certain time at the imaginative stage as though it were something like a class to be attended at school. In certain instances this may be necessary, but by no means as a general rule. It depends entirely upon what the occult student has experienced before entering upon his occult training. It will be shown in the course of this discussion that the spiritual environment of the occult student is important in this regard, and that depending on his orientation to this spiritual environment diverse methods have been instituted for treading the path of knowledge.
[ 2 ] It can be of the utmost importance to know what follows if one is preparing to undergo occult training. Not merely as an interesting theory does this come into consideration, but as something by which manifold practical points of view can be gained if one is to succeed on the “path to higher knowledge.”
[ 3 ] It is often said by those striving toward a higher development: I wish to perfect myself spiritually; I wish to develop the “higher man” within me; but I have no desire for the manifestations of the “astral world.” This is understandable when one takes into consideration the descriptions of the astral world found in books dealing with such things. There, to be sure, appearances and beings are spoken of that bring all sorts of dangers to men. It will be said that under the influence of such beings a man may easily suffer harm to his moral disposition and mental health. It will be brought home to the reader that in these regions the wall dividing “the good from the evil path” is as “a spider's web” in thickness, and that the plunge into immeasurable abysses, the fall into utter depravity, lies all too near.—It is, of course, impossible simply to contradict such assertions. Yet the standpoint taken in many cases as to treading the occult path is in no way a correct one. The only reasonable point of view is the one that says, rather, that no one should be deterred from traveling the way of higher knowledge because of dangers, but that in every case strict care must be taken to weather these dangers. It may happen that one who asks an occult teacher's guidance will be counselled to postpone actual training for a time, and first undergo certain experiences of ordinary life or learn things that can be learned in the physical world. It will then be the task of the occult teacher to give the seeker the right instructions for accumulating such experiences and learning such things. In most cases, by far, the occult teacher will be found to proceed in this way. If then the student now is sufficiently attentive to what happens to him, after he has come into contact with the occult teacher, he will be able to observe many things. He will find that henceforth things happen to him as if “by accident,” and that he can observe things that he would never have been exposed to without this link with the occult teacher. If the student does not notice this and becomes impatient, it is because he has not paid sufficient attention to what has happened to him. It is not to be believed that the influence of the teacher upon the student will show itself in distinctly visible “tricks of magic.” This influence is rather an intimate matter, and he who would explore its nature and essence without having first reached a certain stage of occult training will surely err. The student injures himself in every case in which he becomes impatient over the waiting time prescribed for him. His advance will be none the less rapid on this account. On the contrary, his progress would be slowed down if he were to begin too soon the training he often impatiently awaits.
[ 4 ] If the student allows the waiting time or the other advice and hints given to him by the occult teacher to influence him rightly, he will be actually preparing himself to hold his ground before certain trials and dangers that approach him when he encounters the unavoidable stage of Imagination. This stage is unavoidable for this reason: Everyone who seeks communication with the higher world without having passed through it can only do so unconsciously and is condemned to grope in the dark. One can acquire some dim sense of this higher world without Imagination; one can without it certainly attain to a sense of being united with “one's God” or “one's higher self,” but one cannot in this way come to a true knowledge in full consciousness and bright, luminous clarity. Therefore, all talk about coming to terms with the “inferior spiritual worlds” (the astral and the devachanic) being unnecessary, that the one thing needful is for man to awaken the “God within him,” is no more than illusion.—Whoever is satisfied with this approach should not be interfered with in his strivings, and the occultist would not so interfere. But true occultism has nothing at all to do with such strivings. It makes no demand upon anybody to become a pupil. But in him who seeks its discipline it will awaken no mere dim perception of himself as “godlike,” but will also try to open his spiritual eyes to what actually exists in higher worlds.
[ 5 ] Of course, the “divine self” is contained in every man. It is in every created being. In stone, plant, and animal, the “divine self” is also contained and active. But it does not so much matter to feel and know this in general as to enter into a living connection with the manifestations of this “divine self.” Just as one can mutter over and over again that this world contains the “divine self” veiled within it and know nothing thereby of the physical world, so does he who seeks the “divine kingdom of spirits” only in blurred and indeterminate generalities know nothing of higher worlds. One should open the eyes and behold the revelation of deity in the things of the physical world, in the stone, in the plant, and not merely dream away all these as only “appearances” with the true form of God somehow “concealed” behind them. No, God reveals Himself in His creations and whoever would know God must learn to know the true essence of these creations. Therefore one must also learn to behold what really goes on and is living in the higher worlds, if one would know the “divine.” The consciousness that the “God-man” dwells within one can at most provide a beginning. But this beginning experienced in the right way, rises to an actual lift into the higher worlds. But this is possible only for one in whom the spiritual “senses” have been developed. Any other view arrives only at the standpoint, “I will stay as I am and attain only what is possible for me to attain in this way.” But the aim of the occultist is to become a different human being, in order to behold and experience other things than the customary ones.
[ 6 ] It is precisely for this purpose that passage through imaginative knowledge is necessary. It has already been said that this stage of Imagination need not be conceived of as a school class that must be gone through. It is to be understood that, particularly in present-day life, there are persons who bring with them pre-conditions enabling the occult teacher to call forth in them inspired and intuitive knowledge simultaneously, or nearly so, with the imaginative. But it is not at all to be understood that any person could be spared passage through the imaginative stage.
[ 7 ] The cause of danger inherent in imaginative knowledge has already been pointed out in my book, Knowledge of the Higher Worlds and Its Attainment. This cause is that upon entrance into that world the human being in a certain sense loses the ground under his feet. The source of his security in the physical world is for the moment to all appearances entirely lost. Upon perception of something in the physical world it is asked: Whence comes this perception? This is mostly done unconsciously. But it is quite “unconsciously” clear that the causes of the perception are objects “outside in space.” Colours, sounds, odours go out from these objects. Colours would not be seen floating free in space, nor sounds heard, without consciousness arising as to the objects to which these colours pertain as qualities, and from which these tones come. This consciousness that objects and entities cause physical perceptions gives to them, and thereby to man himself, his security and sure hold. Anyone having perceptions without outward causes is spoken of as abnormal and morbid. Such causeless perceptions are called illusions, hallucinations, visions.
[ 8 ] Now first of all, viewed entirely outwardly, the whole imaginative world consists of such hallucinations, visions, and illusions. It has been pointed out [in Knowledge of the Higher Worlds] how, through occult training, such visions, etc., are artificially produced. By focusing the consciousness on a seed or a dying plant, certain forms, which to begin with are nothing but hallucinations, are conjured up before the soul. The “flame formation,” spoken of as appearing in the soul through observation of a plant or the like, and that after a time completely separates itself from the plant, is, outwardly viewed, to be regarded on the same level as an hallucination. It is the same in occult training when the imaginative world is entered. What was customarily regarded as going forth from things “outside in space,” or “clinging to them” as properties—colours, sounds, odors, etc.,—now float free in space. Perceptions break loose from all outer things and swim free in space, or fly around in it. Yet it is known with strict accuracy that the things before us have not brought forth these perceptions, but rather that they are self-induced by the human being. So it is that one thinks one has “lost the ground under one's feet.” In ordinary life in the physical world those inner picturings that do not proceed from things must be guarded against and are without ground or foundation. But to call forth imaginative knowledge, the prime essential is to have colours, sounds, odours, etc., fully torn loose from all things, “floating free in space.”
[ 9 ] The next step towards imaginative knowledge is to find a new “ground and foundation” for the picturings that are thus adrift. This must occur in that other world that is now about to be revealed. New things and entities take possessions of these inner picturings. In the physical world, for instance, the color blue stays on a cornflower. In the imaginative world likewise it must not remain “free floating.” It streams, as it were, towards some being, and whereas it floated unattached at first, it now becomes the expression of a being. Something speaks through it that the observer can only perceive in the imaginative world, and so these “free-floating” picturings gather around definite centers. It becomes clear that beings are speaking to us through them. And, as in the physical world there are corporeal things and beings to which colours, sounds, odors, and so forth, are attached or from which they are derived, so now spiritual beings speak out through them. These “spiritual beings” are, in fact, always there; they hover continually around human beings. But they cannot reveal themselves to them if the occasion is not given them to do so. They are given this opportunity when one calls forth the capacity to let sounds, colours, and so forth, arise before one's soul, even when occasioned by no physical object.
[ 10 ] The “spiritual facts and beings” are entirely different from the objects and entities of the physical world. In ordinary speech it is not easy to find an expression that even remotely describes this difference. Perhaps it can best be approached by saying that in the imaginative world everything speaks to man as if it were directly intelligent, whereas in the physical world intelligence can only reveal itself in a roundabout way through corporeality. Exactly this makes for mobility and freedom in the imaginative world—that the medium of the outer object is missing, and the spiritual lives itself out with full immediacy in the free-floating tones, colours, etc.
[ 11 ] Now the basis of danger threatening the human being in this world lies in the fact that he perceives the manifestations of “spiritual beings”, but not the beings themselves. This is the case as long as he remains only in the imaginative world and rises no higher. Only Inspiration and intuition lead him gradually to the beings themselves.—If, however, the occult teacher should awaken these faculties prematurely, without having thoroughly introduced the pupil to the realm of Imagination, the higher world would have for him only a shadowy and phantasmal existence. The whole glorious fullness of the pictures in which it must reveal itself when one really enters into it, would be lost. Herein lies the reason why the occult student needs a “guide.”
[ 12 ] For the student, the imaginative world is at first only a “picture world” of which mostly he does not know the meaning. But the occult teacher knows to what things and entities these pictures pertain in a still higher world. If the student has confidence in him, he can know that later connections will be revealed to him, which he cannot yet penetrate. In the physical world, the objects in space were themselves his guides. He was in a position to prove the accuracy of his inner picturings of them. The corporeal reality is the “rock” upon which all hallucinations and illusions must be shattered. This rock disappears into an abyss when the imaginative world is entered. Therefore the teacher must serve as another such rock. From what he is able to offer, the student must sense the reality of the new world. From this it can be judged what great confidence in the teacher must exist in any occult training worthy of the name. When he can no longer believe in the teacher, it is exactly the same in this higher world as if in the physical world everything on which his faith in the reality of his perceptions had been built were suddenly taken from him.
[ 13 ] Apart from this fact, there is yet another through which the human being might be thrown into confusion if he were to enter the imaginative world without guidance, for the occult student has in the first place to learn to know himself as distinct from all other spiritual beings. In physical life man has feelings, desires, longings, passions, ideas, and so forth. True, these are all caused by things and beings of the outer world, but the human being knows quite definitely that they form his inner world, and he distinguishes them from the objects of the outer world as what is happening within his soul. But as soon as the imaginative sense is awakened, this ease of differentiation completely ceases. His own feelings, ideas, passions, and so forth, literally step outside him and take on form, color and tone. He stands before them now as before wholly strange objects and beings in the physical world. It will be understood that the confusion can become complete if it is remembered what has been said in the chapter, “Some Results of Initiation,” in my book, Knowledge of the Higher Worlds and Its Attainment. The way in which the imaginative world appears to the observer is described there. All appears there reversed as in a reflected image. What streams out from man appears as if it were coming toward him from outside. A wish that he cherishes changes into a shape—for example, into the form of some fantastic looking animal, or again into an entity resembling a human being. This appears to assail him, to make an attack on him, or to cause him to do this or that. So it can happen that the human being appears to himself as surrounded by a wholly fantastic, often charming and seductive, often also horrible, world of fluttering forms. In reality these are nothing other than his thoughts, wishes, and passions, transformed into images.—It would be a great error to believe it easy to distinguish between this self transformed into images on the one hand and the real spiritual world on the other. At first it is downright impossible for the student to make this distinction. For the identical picture can come from some spiritual being that speaks to men or from something in the interior of the soul, and if one's development is unduly precipitate at this point, there is danger of never learning to separate the two in an orderly fashion. The greatest caution is to be the rule in this regard.—Now the confusion will be still greater in that the wishes and desires of the soul clothe themselves in images of an exactly opposite character from what they really are. It may be assumed, for instance, that vanity clothes itself in a picture in this way. It may appear as a charming shape promising the most wonderful things if its dictates are carried out. Its pronouncements seem to set goals thoroughly good and worth striving for; if followed, they plunge one into moral and other kinds of ruin. Conversely, a good soul quality can clothe itself in unprepossessing garb. At this point only the real knower can differentiate, and only a personality unsusceptible to weakening in respect to a right aim is steady in face of the seductive artifices of his own soul's imagery.—From these considerations it will be recognised how necessary is the guidance of a teacher who, with a sure sense, makes the pupil attentive to what in this realm is phantasm and what is truth. There is no need to believe that the teacher must always stand just behind the pupil. The presence of the teacher close to the occult student in space is not what matters most. Certainly there is the moment when such spatial presence is desirable, and also when it is absolutely necessary. But on the other hand, the occult teacher finds means of remaining in touch with the pupil even when spatially far removed. Besides, it must be observed that much of what takes place between teacher and pupil in this sphere when they meet can go on working often for months and perhaps for years afterward. But there is one thing that must surely destroy the necessary link between teacher and pupil. This happens if the pupil loses confidence in the teacher.—It is particularly bad if this bond of confidence is broken before the pupil has learned to distinguish the illusory reflections of his own soul from true reality.
[ 14 ] Now it could perhaps at this point be argued that if a connection with the teacher occurs in this way, the occult student loses all freedom and independence. He gives himself, so to speak, wholly into the hands of the teacher. This is in truth, however, not at all the case. The various methods of occult training certainly differ from one another with respect to this dependence upon the teacher. This dependence can be required to be a greater or a lesser one. It is relatively greatest in the method that was followed by the Oriental occultists, and even today is taught by them as their own. This dependence is already proportionately less in the so-called Christian initiation, and, properly speaking, its complete omission comes on the path of knowledge that, since the fourteenth century, has come to be advanced by the so-called Rosicrucian occult schools. On this path the teacher can by no means be disregarded; that is impossible. But all dependence on him ceases. How this is possible will be presented in the continuation of these thoughts hereafter. Therein we shall explain precisely how these three paths of knowledge differ: the oriental, the Christian, and the Rosicrucian. In the Rosicrucian approach there is nothing at all upsetting in any way to a modern man's sense of freedom. It will also be described in this continuation how one person or another as an occult student, even in present-day Europe, may travel, not the Rosicrucian, but the Oriental path, or the old Christian; although today the Rosicrucian is the most natural. This way, as will be seen in due course, is not at all unchristian. A man can go this way without endangering his Christianity, as can also he who supposes himself to stand at the pinnacle of the modern scientific world-conception.
[ 15 ] But perhaps one other explanation is needed. One might feel tempted to ask whether the occult student could not be spared going through the delusions of his own soul. But if this happened, he would never attain to that independent discernment so desirable for him. For by no other means can the singular nature of the imaginative world be so well grasped as by the observation of one's own soul. To begin with, man knows the inner life of his soul from one side. He is immersed in it, and this is just what the occult student has to learn—not only to look at things from outside, but to observe them as if he himself were within all of them. If his own thought world now meets him as something foreign, and he already knows a thing from one side, he can still learn to know it from another. He must himself become to a certain extent the first example of such knowledge. Here in the physical world he is accustomed to something quite different. Here he looks upon all other things only from outside, but he experiences himself only from the inside. As long as he remains in the physical world, he can never see behind the surface of things. He can never go outside himself, “slip out of his skin,” as it were, to observe himself from outside. This objective observation of himself is literally his first obligation in occult training, this helps him learn also to look beneath the surface of outer facts and beings.
Die Imagination
[ 1 ] Es ist ganz unmöglich, wirkliche Fortschritte in bezug auf das Vordringen in höhere Welten zu machen, ohne durch die Stufen der imaginativen Erkenntnis hindurchzugehen. Damit soll allerdings nicht gesagt sein, daß bei der Geheimschulung der Mensch eine gewisse Zeit hindurch auf dieser Stufe der Imagination unbedingt stehenbleiben müsse, so daß diese so etwas wie eine Schulklasse bilden müsse, die man abzusitzen hat. Es kann dies in gewissen Fällen notwendig sein, muß es aber durchaus nicht. Das hängt ganz davon ab, was der Geheimschüler erlebt hat, bevor er in die Geheimschulung eintritt. Es wird sich im weiteren Verlaufe dieser Auseinandersetzungen zeigen, daß in bezug darauf die geistige Umgebung des Geheimschülers von Bedeutung ist und daß sich auf das Verhältnis zur geistigen Umgebung sogar ganz verschiedene Methoden des «Erkenntnispfades» begründen.
[ 2 ] Es kann von außerordentlicher Wichtigkeit sein, das Folgende zu wissen, wenn man sich auf den Weg der Geheimschulung begibt. Nicht nur als eine interessante Theorie kommt es in Betracht, sondern als etwas, dem man die mannigfaltigsten praktischen Gesichtspunkte wird entnehmen können, wenn man auf dem «Wege zur höheren Erkenntnis» wirklich bestehen will.
[ 3 ] Man hört ja von solchen, welche eine höhere Entwickelung anstreben, oft sagen: Ich möchte mich geistig vervollkommnen, ich möchte «den höheren Menschen» in mir ausbilden, aber nach den Erscheinungen der «astralen Welt» trage ich kein Verlangen. Dies ist begreiflieh, wenn man in Betracht zieht, welche Schilderung von dieser «astralen Welt» sich in Büchern findet, die von diesen Dingen handeln. Da wird ja von Erscheinungen und Wesenheiten gesprochen, welche dem Menschen alle möglichen Gefahren bringen. Da wird gesagt, daß unter dem Einflüsse solcher Wesenheiten der Mensch nur gar zu leicht an seiner moralischen Gesinnung und intellektuellen Gesundheit Schaden nehmen könne. Es wird dem Leser nahegebracht, daß auf diesem Gebiete die Scheidewand zwischen «dem guten und dem bösen Pfade» einem «Spinnewebchen» an Dicke gleichkomme und der Fall in unermeßliche Abgründe, der Absturz in völlige Verworfenheit nur allzu naheliege. — Es ist ganz gewiß unmöglich, solchen Behauptungen einfach zu widersprechen. Und doch ist der Standpunkt, den man in vielen Fällen dem Betreten des Geheimpfades gegenüber einnimmt, keineswegs ein richtiger. Der einzig mögliche Gesichtspunkt ist vielmehr lediglich derjenige, welcher sagt: wegen der Gefahren darf niemand abgehalten werden, den Weg zur höheren Erkenntnis zu gehen, aber es muß in jedem Falle streng dafür gesorgt werden, daß diese Gefahren bestanden werden können. Das wird in manchen Fällen allerdings dazu führen, daß einem Menschen, der von einem Geheimlehrer Anweisungen zur Schulung erbittet, zunächst der Rat gegeben wird, mit dieser eigentlichen Schulung noch zu warten und erst gewisse Erfahrungen des gewöhnlichen Lebens durchzumachen oder Dinge zu lernen, welche in der physischen Welt gelernt werden können. Es wird dann die Aufgabe des Geheimlehrers sein, dem suchenden Menschen die rechte Anleitung zu geben, um solche Erfahrungen zu sammeln und solche Dinge zu lernen. In weitaus den meisten Fällen wird man es erleben, daß der Geheimlehrer zunächst so verfährt. Wenn dann der Schüler nur genügend aufmerksam ist auf das, was ihm nun zustößt, nachdem er mit dem Geheimlehrer in Verbindung getreten ist, dann wird er das Mannigfaltigste bemerken können. Er wird finden, daß er nunmehr wie durch «Zufall» Erlebnisse hat und Dinge beobachten kann, denen er ganz gewiß ohne die Verbindung mit dem Geheimlehrer nicht ausgesetzt gewesen wäre. Wenn die Schüler das oft nicht bemerken und ungeduldig werden, dann liegt das nur darin, daß sie eben nicht die nötige Aufmerksamkeit ihren Erlebnissen zuwenden. Man muß auch durchaus nicht glauben, daß sich die Wirkung des Geheimlehrers auf den Schüler in deutlich wahrnehmbaren «Zauberkunststückchen» abspielt. Diese Wirkung ist vielmehr eine ganz intime Sache, und wer nach ihrer Natur und Wesenheit forschen will, ohne selbst schon eine gewisse Stufe der Geheimschulung erreicht zu haben, der wird ganz gewiß in die Irre gehen. Der Schüler fügt sich selbst in jedem Falle ein Unrecht zu, wenn er ungeduldig darüber wird, daß er auf «Wartezeit» gesetzt ist. Er wird dadurch in bezug auf die Schnelligkeit seines Weges durchaus nicht aufgehalten. Im Gegenteil, sein Vorwärtskommen würde gerade dadurch verlangsamt, wenn er zu früh mit der oft von ihm ungeduldig erwarteten Schulung beginnen würde.
[ 4 ] Läßt der Schüler die «Wartezeit» oder die sonstigen Ratschläge und Winke des Geheimlehrers in der richtigen Art auf sich wirken, so bereitet er sich tatsächlich dazu vor, gewissen Prüfungen und Gefahren standzuhalten, die an ihn herankommen, wenn er der für ihn unvermeindlichen Stufe der Imagination entgegentritt. Unvermeidlich ist diese Stufe aus dem Grunde, weil jeder, der eine Verbindung mit der höheren Welt ohne ihr Durchschreiten sucht, dies nur unbewußt tun kann und dazu verurteilt ist, im Dunkeln zu tappen. Man kann sich ein dunkles Gefühl von dieser höheren Welt ohne die Imagination erwerben, man kann ohne sie gewiß zur Empfindung kommen, daß man mit «seinem Gotte» oder mit «seinem höheren Selbst» vereinigt sei, aber zu einer wirklichen Erkenntnis mit vollem Bewußtsein in heller, lichter Klarheit kann man so nicht kommen. Deshalb ist auch alles Reden davon, daß man die Auseinandersetzungen mit den «niederen Welten» (der astralen und der devachanischen) nicht brauche, daß es sich nur darum handeln könne, daß der Mensch «den Gott in sich erwecke», nichts weiter als eine Illusion. Wer damit zufrieden ist, dem soll in sein Streben nicht hineingeredet werden, und der Okkultist wird einem solchen auch nicht hineinreden. Aber der wahre Okkultismus hat mit solchem Streben gar nichts zu tun. Dieser fordert ja niemanden zur Schülerschaft unmittelbar auf. Wer aber seine Schulung sucht, dem will er nicht bloß eine dunkle Empfindung von seiner «Gottähnlichkeit» erwecken, sondern er sucht ihm die geistigen Augen zu öffnen für das, was in höheren Welten wirklich vorhanden ist.
[ 5 ] Gewiß ist ja in jedem Menschen das «göttliche Selbst» enthalten. Aber das ist ja doch in jedem Wesen der Fall. Im Stein, in der Pflanze, im Tier ist auch das «göttliche Selbst» enthalten und wirksam. Aber nicht darauf kann es ankommen, dies so ganz im allgemeinen zu fühlen und zu wissen, sondern darauf, wirklich in Verbindung zu treten mit den Offenbarungen dieses «göttlichen Selbstes». So wie derjenige nichts von der physischen Welt weiß, der sich nur immer wieder sagen kann: diese Welt enthält in sich verhüllt das «göttliche Selbst», so weiß auch derjenige nichts von höheren Welten, welcher das «göttliche Geisterreich» nur in verschwommener, unbestimmter Allgemeinheit sucht. Man soll seine Augen öffnen und die Offenbarung der Gottheit in den Dingen der physischen Welt, im Stein, in der Pflanze anschauen, nicht davon träumen, daß dies jedoch alles nur «Erscheinungen» seien und daß Gottes wahre Gestalt dahinter «verborgen» sei. Nein, Gott offenbart sich in seinen Schöpfungen, und wer Gott erkennen will, muß das Wesen dieser Schöpfungen erkennen lernen. Deshalb muß man auch das wirklich anschauen lernen, was in höheren Welten vorgeht und lebt, wenn man das «Göttliche» erkennen will. Das Bewußtsein, daß der «Gottmensch» in einem lebt, kann höchstens den Anfang bilden. Aber dieser Anfang wird, wenn er in rechter Weise erlebt wird, zum Antrieb, wirklich aufzusteigen in die höheren Welten. Das kann man aber nur, wenn man die geistigen «Sinne» dazu in sich ausbildet. Alles andere stellt sich ja doch nur auf den Standpunkt: Ich will bleiben, wie ich bin, und nur erreichen, was mir so zu erreichen möglich ist. Der Standpunkt des Okkultismus ist aber, ein anderer Mensch zu werden, damit man anderes als das Gewöhnliche schauen und erleben kann.
[ 6 ] Und dazu ist eben der Durchgang durch die imaginative Erkenntnis notwendig. Es ist gesagt worden, daß diese Stufe der Imagination nicht aufgefaßt zu werden braucht wie eine Schulklasse, die man durchaus «absitzen» müsse. Das ist so zu verstehen, daß es namentlich in unsrem gegenwärtigen Leben Personen gibt, welche solche Vorbedingungen mitbringen, daß der Geheimlehrer bei ihnen gleichzeitig oder wenigstens fast gleichzeitig mit der imaginativen Erkenntnis die inspirierte und die intuitive hervorrufen kann. Aber es darf durchaus nicht so verstanden werden, als ob es irgend jemand geben könnte, dem der Durchgang durch die Imagination zu ersparen wäre.
[ 7 ] Auf den Grund der Gefahr innerhalb der imaginativen Erkenntnis ist ja in meiner Schrift «Wie erlangt man Erkenntnisse der höheren Welten?» bereits hingedeutet worden. Dieser Grund liegt darin, daß der Mensch beim Eintritte in diese Welt gewissermaßen den Boden unter den Füßen verliert. Wodurch er in der physischen Welt Festigkeit hat, das geht ihm zunächst scheinbar ganz verloren. Nimmt man in dieser physischen Welt etwas wahr, so fragt man sich: Woher kommt diese Wahrnehmung? Man tut das ja zumeist unbewußt. Aber man ist sich eben «unbewußt» darüber klar, daß die Ursachen der Wahrnehmungen die Gegenstände «draußen im Räume» sind. Die Farben, die Töne, die Gerüche gehen von diesen Gegenständen aus. Man sieht nicht freischwebende Farben, man hört nicht Töne, ohne daß man sich bewußt werden könnte, an welchen Gegenständen diese Farben als Eigenschaften «haften», von welchen Gegenständen die Töne herrühren. Dieses Bewußtsein, daß die Gegenstände und Wesenheiten sie verursachen, gibt den physischen Wahrnehmungen und damit dem Menschen selbst Festigkeit und einen sicheren Halt. Hat jemand Wahrnehmungen ohne äußere Ursache, so spricht man von abnormen, krankhaften Zuständen. Man nennt solche ursachlose Wahrnehmungen Illusionen, Halluzinationen, Visionen.
[ 8 ] Nun zunächst ganz äußerlich betrachtet besteht die ganze imaginative Welt aus solchen Halluzinationen, Visionen und Illusionen. Es ist gezeigt worden in «Wie erlangt man Erkenntnisse der höheren Welten?», wie durch die Geheimschulung künstlich solche Visionen usw. erzeugt werden. Durch das Hinlenken des Bewußtseins auf ein Samenkorn oder auf eine absterbende Pflanze werden gewisse Gestalten vor die Seele gezaubert, die nichts weiter zunächst sind als Halluzinationen. Die «Flammenbildung», von der dort gesagt wurde, daß sie in der Seele auftreten kann durch die Betrachtung einer Pflanze oder dergleichen und die sich nach einer Zeit ganz loslöst von der Pflanze, ist, äußerlich betrachtet, einer Halluzination gleich zu achten. Und so geht es noch weiter in der Geheimschulung, wenn man in die imaginative Welt eintritt. Das, wovon man gewöhnt war, daß es von den Dingen «draußen im Raum» ausgeht oder ihnen als Eigenschaft «anhaftet», die Farben, Töne, Gerüche usw., erfüllen nun freischwebend den Raum. Die Wahrnehmungen lösen sich los von allen äußeren Dingen und schweben frei im Räume oder fliegen darin herum. Und man weiß dabei doch ganz genau, daß die Dinge, die man da vor sich hat, diese Wahrnehmungen nicht hervorgebracht haben, daß man sie vielmehr «selbst» verursacht hat. So kommt es, daß man meinen muß, man habe «den Boden unter den Füßen verloren». Im gewöhnlichen Leben in der physischen Welt muß man sich ja gerade davor hüten, Vorstellungen zu haben, die nicht von den Dingen herrühren, die sozusagen ohne «Grund und Boden» sind. Zur Hervorrufung der imaginativen Erkenntnis aber kommt es gerade darauf an, zunächst Farben, Töne, Gerüche usw. zu haben, die ganz losgelöst von allen Dingen «frei im Räume schweben».
[ 9 ] Nun muß die nächste Stufe der imaginativen Erkenntnis darin bestehen, einen neuen «Grund und Boden» für die herrenlos gewordenen Vorstellungen zu finden. Das muß eben in der anderen Welt geschehen, die sich jetzt offenbaren soll. Es bemächtigen sich neue Dinge und Wesenheiten dieser Vorstellungen. In der physischen Welt «haftet» z.B. die blaue Farbe an einer Kornblume. In der imaginativen Welt darf sie nun auch nicht «freischwebend» bleiben. Sie strömt gleichsam zu einer Wesenheit hin, und während sie noch vorher herrenlos war, wird sie jetzt der Ausdruck einer Wesenheit. Es spricht etwas durch sie zu dem Beobachter, was dieser eben nur innerhalb der imaginativen Welt wahrnehmen kann. Und so sammeln sich die «freischwebenden» Vorstellungen um bestimmte Mittelpunkte. Und man wird gewahr, daß Wesen durch sie zu uns sprechen. Und wie es in der physischen Welt körperliche Dinge und Wesenheiten sind, an denen Farben, Gerüche und Töne usw. «haften» oder von denen sie herstammen, so sprechen sich jetzt «geistige Wesenheiten» durch sie aus. Diese «geistigen Wesenheiten» sind ja tatsächlich immer da; sie umschwirren den Menschen beständig. Aber sie können sich diesem nicht offenbaren, wenn er nicht die Gelegenheit dazu gibt. Und diese Gelegenheit gibt er nur dadurch, daß er in sich die Fähigkeit hervorruft, Töne, Farben usw. auch dann vor seiner Seele entstehen zu lassen, wenn diese durch keinen physischen Gegenstand veranlaßt werden.
[ 10 ] Ganz anders sind die «geistigen Tatsachen und Wesenheiten» als die Dinge und Wesen der physischen Welt. Es ist nicht ganz leicht, in der gewöhnlichen Sprache einen Ausdruck zu finden, welcher die Verschiedenheit auch nur annähernd charakterisiert. Vielleicht kommt man der Sache am nächsten, wenn man sagt: in der imaginativen Welt spricht alles so zum Menschen, wie wenn es unmittelbar intelligent wäre, während in der physischen Welt auch die Intelligenz nur auf dem Umwege durch die physische Körperlichkeit sich offenbaren kann. Das macht eben die Beweglichkeit und Freiheit der imaginativen Welt aus, daß das Zwischenglied der äußeren Dinge fehlt, daß das Geistige ganz unmittelbar in den freischwebenden Tönen, Farben usw. sich auslebt.
[ 11 ] Nun liegt der Grund zu einer Gefahr, welche dem Menschen von dieser Welt droht, darin, daß er die Äußerungen der «geistigen Wesen» wahrnimmt, aber nicht diese Wesen selbst. Es ist das nämlich so lange der Fall, als er nur in der imaginativen Welt bleibt und zu keiner höheren aufsteigt. Erst die Inspiration und die Intuition führen ihn allmählich zu diesen Wesen selbst hin. Wollte aber der Geheimlehrer diese letzteren vorschnell erwecken, ohne den Schüler gründlich in das imaginative Gebiet einzuführen, dann würde die höhere Welt nur ein schatten- und schemenhaftes Dasein erhalten. Die ganze herrliche Fülle der Bilder ginge verloren, in denen sie sich offenbaren muß, wenn man wirklich in sie eintreten soll. — In dieser Tatsache liegt der Grund, warum der Geheimschüler einen «Führer» oder einen «Guru» braucht, wie man in der Geheimwissenschaft eben diesen Führer nennt.
[ 12 ] Für den Schüler ist nämlich die imaginative Welt anfangs wirklich eine bloße «Bilderwelt», von der er vielfach nicht weiß, was sie ausdrückt. Der Geheimlehrer aber weiß, auf welche Dinge und Wesenheiten sich diese Bilder in einer noch höheren Welt beziehen. Hat der Schüler zu ihm Vertrauen, so kann er wissen, daß sich ihm später Zusammenhänge offenbaren werden, welche er vorläufig noch nicht durchschaut. In der physischen Welt waren die Gegenstände im Räume selbst die Führer. Er war imstande, die Richtigkeit seiner Vorstellungen zu prüfen. Die körperliche Wirklichkeit ist der «Fels», an dem alle Halluzinationen und Illusionen zerschellen müssen. Dieser Fels verschwindet in einen Abgrund, wenn man in die imaginative Welt eintritt. Und deshalb muß als ein anderer solcher «Fels» der «Führer» eintreten. An dem, was er dem Schüler zu bieten vermag, muß dieser die Wirklichkeit der neuen Welt empfinden. Man kann daraus ermessen, wie groß das Vertrauen in den Führer sein muß in jeder Geheimschulung, welche dieses Namens wirklich wert ist. Sobald man an den Führer nicht mehr glauben kann, ist es ja in dieser höheren Welt so, wie wenn einem in der physischen plötzlich alles genommen würde, worauf man den Glauben an die Wirklichkeit seiner Wahrnehmungen gebaut hat.
[ 13 ] Außer dieser einen Tatsache gibt es nun noch eine andere, durch welche der Mensch in Verwirrung gesetzt werden könnte, wenn er sich ohne Führung in die imaginative Welt begeben wollte. Es lernt nämlich der Geheimschüler von allen geistigen Wesenheiten in erster Linie sich selbst kennen. In dem physischen Leben hat der Mensch Gefühle, Begierden, Wünsche, Leidenschaften, Vorstellungen usw. Zwar werden diese alle von den Dingen und Wesenheiten der äußeren Welt veranlaßt, aber der Mensch weiß ganz genau, daß sie seine innere Welt bilden, und er unterscheidet sie als das, was in seiner Seele vorgeht, von den Gegenständen der Außenwelt. Sobald aber der imaginative Sinn erweckt ist, hört diese Leichtigkeit des Unterscheidens ganz auf. Seine eigenen Gefühle, Vorstellungen, Leidenschaften usw. treten buchstäblich aus ihm heraus, nehmen Gestalt, Farbe und Ton an. Er steht ihnen jetzt so gegenüber wie in der physischen Welt ganz fremden Gegenständen und Wesenheiten. Und daß die Verwirrung eine vollständige werden kann, wird man begreifen, wenn man sich an das erinnert, was in dem Kapitel «Über einige Wirkungen der Einweihung» in «Wie erlangt man Erkenntnisse der höheren Welten?» gesagt worden ist. Dort ist ja nichts anderes geschildert als die Art, wie die imaginative Welt für den Beobachter auftritt. Es erscheint nämlich in ihr alles umgekehrt, wie im Spiegelbilde. Was vom Menschen ausströmt, erscheint so, als wenn es von außen an ihn herankommen wollte. Ein Wunsch, den er hegt, verwandelt sich in eine Gestalt, beispielsweise in die Form eines phantastisch aussehenden Tieres, oder auch wohl eines menschenähnlichen Wesens. Dieses scheint ihn zu bestürmen, einen Angriff auf ihn auszuführen oder ihn auch zu veranlassen, dieses oder jenes zu tun. So kann es kommen, daß der Mensch sich vorkommt als umgeben und umflattert von einer ganz phantastischen, oft reizvollen und verführerischen, oft auch grausigen Welt. In Wahrheit stellt diese nichts anderes vor als seine eigenen Gedanken, Wünsche und Leidenschaften, welche in Bilder verwandelt sind. — Man würde sich einem großen Irrtum hingeben, wenn man glauben wollte, daß die Unterscheidung dieses in Bilder verwandelten Selbstes von der wirklichen geistigen Welt leicht sei. Zunächst ist es für den Schüler geradezu unmöglich, diese Unterscheidung wirklich zu vollziehen. Denn es kann genau dasselbe Bild ebensogut von einem geistigen Wesen herrühren, welches zu dem Menschen spricht, wie von irgend etwas im Innern der Seele. Und übereilt der Mensch gerade dabei etwas, so setzt er sich der Gefahr aus, daß er die beiden Dinge nie ordentlich voneinander zu trennen lernt. Die größte Vorsicht ist dabei geboten. — Nur noch größer wird die Verwirrung dadurch, daß die eigenen Wünsche und Begierden der Seele sich in Bilder kleiden, die genau den entgegengesetzten Charakter von dem tragen, was sie wirklich sind. Man nehme z.B. an, die Eitelkeit kleide sich auf diese Art in ein Bild. Sie kann auftreten als eine liebreizende Gestalt, welche die wunderbarsten Dinge verspricht, wenn man ausfuhrt, was sie angibt. Diese ihre Angaben scheinen etwas durchaus Gutes, Erstrebenswertes in Aussicht zu stellen; folgt man ihnen, so stürzt man sich in sein moralisches oder sonstiges Verderben. Umgekehrt kann sich eine gute Eigenschaft der Seele in ein unsympathisches Kleid hüllen. Nur dem wirklichen Kenner ist es möglich, da zu unterscheiden, und nur eine Persönlichkeit, die gar nicht wankend gemacht werden kann in bezug auf ein richtiges Ziel, ist sicher gegenüber den Verführungskünsten der eigenen Seelenbilder. — Man wird in Anbetracht von alledem zugeben, wie notwendig die Führung eines Lehrers ist, der mit sicherem Sinn den Schüler aufmerksam macht, was auf diesem Gebiet Trugbild und was Wahrheit ist. Nicht zu glauben aber braucht man, daß dieser Lehrer immer hinter dem Schüler stehen muß. Das räumliche Beisammensein mit dem Lehrer ist es durchaus nicht, worauf es beim Geheimschüler immer ankommt. Gewiß gibt es Augenblicke, wo ein solches räumliches Beisammensein wünschenswert, und auch solche, wo es durchaus notwendig ist. Aber anderseits findet der Geheimlehrer auch die Mittel, um mit dem Schüler in Verbindung zu bleiben, auch bei räumlicher Entfernung. Und zudem kommt in Betracht, daß manches, was zwischen Lehrer und Schüler auf diesem Gebiete bei einem Beisammensein vorgeht, oftmals monate, vielleicht jahrelang nachwirken kann. Eines aber gibt es, was sicher den notwendigen Zusammenhang zwischen Lehrer und Schüler zerreißen muß. Das tritt dann ein, wenn der letztere das Vertrauen zu dem ersteren verliert. — Und besonders schlimm ist es, wenn dieses Vertrauensband sich löst, ehe der Schüler unterscheiden gelernt hat die Vorspiegelungen der eigenen Seele von der wahren Wirklichkeit.
[ 14 ] Nun könnte man vielleicht sagen: ja, wenn auf diese Art ein solches Gebundensein an den Lehrer eintritt, so verliert ja der Geheimschüler alle Freiheit und Selbständigkeit. Er gibt sich sozusagen dem Lehrer ganz in die Hand. Doch gerade dies ist in Wahrheit gar nicht der Fall. Allerdings gibt es Unterschiede in bezug auf die Abhängigkeit vom Lehrer in den verschiedenen Methoden der okkulten Schulung. Diese Abhängigkeit kann eine größere oder geringere sein müssen. Sie ist die verhältnismäßig größte bei derjenigen Methode, welche von den Okkultisten des Orients befolgt wurde und von diesen auch heute noch als die ihrige gelehrt wird. In viel geringerem Maße ist diese Abhängigkeit von einem Menschen schon bei der sogenannten christlichen Einweihung vorhanden. Und eigentlich völlig in Wegfall kommt sie bei demjenigen Erkenntnispfade, der seit dem vierzehnten Jahrhundert von den sogenannten Geheimschulen der Rosenkreuzer angegeben wird. Bei diesem kann zwar nicht der Lehrer wegfallen, denn das ist unmöglich. Aber es hört wahrhaft jede Abhängigkeit von ihm auf. Wie das möglich ist, wird aus der Fortsetzung dieser Darstellung zu ersehen sein. Darinnen wird nämlich genau geschildert werden, wodurch sich diese drei «Erkenntnispfade» unterscheiden: der orientalische, der christliche und der rosenkreuzerische. Bei dem letzteren kommt nämlich gar nichts in Betracht, was einen modernen Menschen irgendwie in seinem Freiheitsgefühl stören könnte. Auch wird in dieser Fortsetzung geschildert werden, wie die eine oder die andere Person als Geheimschüler dazu kommen kann, auch gegenwärtig, im modernen Europa, nicht den rosenkreuzerischen Weg zu gehen, sondern den orientalischen oder den älteren christlichen, obgleich der rosenkreuzerische gegenwärtig der natürlichste ist. Dieser ist, wie man im weiteren Verlauf sehen wird, nicht etwa unchristlich. Es kann ihn ein Mensch gehen, ohne sein Christentum zu gefährden, und es kann ihn auch ein Mensch gehen, der auf der vollen Höhe moderner wissenschaftlicher Weltanschauung zu stehen vermeint.
[ 15 ] Ein anderes könnte aber vielleicht noch der Erklärung bedürfen. Man könnte sich versucht fühlen zu fragen, ob denn nicht dem Geheimschüler erspart bleiben könnte, durch die Vorspiegelungen seiner eigenen Seele hindurchzugehen. Geschähe das, so würde er eben nie zu der für ihn so wünschenswerten selbständigen Unterscheidung kommen. Denn durch nichts kann die ganz eigenartige Natur der imaginativen Welt anschaulicher werden als durch die Betrachtung der eigenen Seele. Der Mensch kennt ja das Innenleben seiner Seele zunächst von der einen Seite. Er steckt eben darinnen. Und das muß ja der Geheimschüler gerade lernen: die Dinge nicht nur von außen anzuschauen, sondern sie so zu beobachten, als ob er in ihnen allen darinnensteckte. Tritt ihm nun seine eigene Gedankenwelt so wie etwas Fremdes entgegen, dann lernt er eben dadurch ein Ding, das er schon von einer Seite her kennt, auch noch von der anderen Seite kennen. Er muß gewissermaßen sich selbst das erste Beispiel einer solchen Erkenntnis werden. Von der physischen Welt her ist er ja an etwas ganz anderes gewöhnt. Da erblickt er alle anderen Dinge immer nur von außen, sich selbst aber erlebt er nur vom Innern. Er kann, solange er in der physischen Welt verbleibt, nie hinter die Oberfläche der Dinge hineinsehen. Und er kann niemals aus sich herausgehen, gleichsam «aus seiner eigenen Haut fahren», um sich von außen zu beobachten. Das letztere obliegt ihm buchstäblich bei der Geheimschulung zuerst, und mit Hilfe dessen lernt er dann, auch äußeren Tatsachen und Wesenheiten hinter die Oberfläche zu schauen.
The imagination
[ 1 ] It is quite impossible to make real progress with regard to the advance into higher worlds without passing through the stages of imaginative cognition. This is not to say, however, that in secret training a person must necessarily remain at this level of imagination for a certain time, so that it must form something like a school class that one has to sit through. This may be necessary in certain cases, but it does not have to be. It depends entirely on what the secret pupil has experienced before he enters the secret training. It will become clear in the further course of these discussions that the spiritual environment of the secret disciple is of importance in this respect and that the relationship to the spiritual environment even forms the basis for completely different methods of the "path of knowledge".
[ 2 ] It can be of extraordinary importance to know the following when embarking on the path of secret training. It can be considered not only as an interesting theory, but as something from which one will be able to extract the most diverse practical points of view if one really wants to survive on the "path to higher knowledge".
[ 3 ] One often hears those who strive for a higher development say: I would like to perfect myself spiritually, I would like to develop "the higher man" in myself, but I have no desire for the phenomena of the "astral world". This is understandable if you consider the descriptions of this "astral world" found in books that deal with these things. There is talk of apparitions and entities that bring all kinds of dangers to man. There it is said that under the influence of such beings man can only too easily suffer damage to his moral disposition and intellectual health. The reader is told that in this area the dividing wall between "the good and the evil path" is like a "spider's web" in thickness and that the fall into immeasurable abysses, the fall into complete depravity, is all too obvious. - It is certainly impossible to simply contradict such assertions. And yet the point of view that is often taken towards entering the secret path is by no means a correct one. Rather, the only possible point of view is simply the one that says: because of the dangers, no one should be prevented from taking the path to higher knowledge, but in every case it must be strictly ensured that these dangers can be overcome. In some cases, however, this will lead to a person who requests instructions for training from a secret teacher first being advised to wait with this actual training and first go through certain experiences of ordinary life or learn things that can be learned in the physical world. It will then be the task of the secret teacher to give the seeker the right guidance to gain such experiences and learn such things. In the vast majority of cases it will be the case that the secret teacher initially proceeds in this way. If the pupil is only sufficiently attentive to what happens to him now that he has come into contact with the secret teacher, then he will be able to notice the most varied things. He will find that he now has experiences and can observe things, as if by "chance", to which he would certainly not have been exposed without the connection with the secret teacher. If the pupils often do not notice this and become impatient, it is only because they are not paying the necessary attention to their experiences. It is also not at all necessary to believe that the effect of the secret teacher on the pupil takes place in clearly perceptible "magic tricks". Rather, this effect is a very intimate matter, and anyone who wants to investigate its nature and essence without having reached a certain level of secret training himself will certainly go astray. In any case, the student does himself an injustice if he becomes impatient about the fact that he is put on "waiting time". He will not be held back in terms of the speed of his progress. On the contrary, his progress would be slowed down precisely because he would start too early with the training he often impatiently expects.
[ 4 ] If the student allows the "waiting time" or the other advice and hints of the secret teacher to work on him in the right way, he is actually preparing himself to withstand certain tests and dangers that come his way when he approaches the stage of imagination, which for him is impossible. This stage is unavoidable for the reason that anyone who seeks a connection with the higher world without passing through it can only do so unconsciously and is condemned to grope in the dark. One can acquire a dark feeling of this higher world without the imagination, one can certainly come to the feeling without it that one is united with "one's God" or with "one's higher self", but one cannot come to a real realization with full consciousness in bright, light clarity in this way. That is why all talk of not needing to deal with the "lower worlds" (the astral and the devachanic), that it can only be a matter of man "awakening the God in himself", is nothing more than an illusion. Whoever is satisfied with this should not be talked into his aspirations, and the occultist will not talk him into it either. But true occultism has nothing to do with such aspirations. It does not directly invite anyone to become a disciple. But he who seeks his training does not merely want to awaken a dark perception of his "godlikeness", but seeks to open his spiritual eyes to what really exists in higher worlds.
[ 5 ] To be sure, the "divine self" is contained in every human being. But that is the case in every being. The "divine self" is also contained and active in the stone, in the plant, in the animal. But it is not important to feel and know this in general, but to really get in touch with the revelations of this "divine self". Just as he knows nothing of the physical world who can only say to himself again and again: this world contains the "divine self" veiled within itself, so too he knows nothing of higher worlds who seeks the "divine spirit realm" only in vague, undefined generality. We should open our eyes and look at the revelation of the Godhead in the things of the physical world, in the stone, in the plant, and not dream that these are all only "appearances" and that God's true form is "hidden" behind them. No, God reveals himself in his creations, and whoever wants to recognize God must learn to recognize the essence of these creations. Therefore, one must also learn to really look at what goes on and lives in higher worlds if one wants to recognize the "divine". The awareness that the "God-man" lives in you can at most form the beginning. But this beginning, if it is experienced in the right way, becomes the impetus to really ascend into the higher worlds. But you can only do this if you develop the spiritual "senses" to do so. Everything else only takes the standpoint: I want to remain as I am and only achieve what is possible for me to achieve in this way. The point of view of occultism, however, is to become a different person so that one can see and experience something other than the ordinary.
[ 6 ] And for this it is necessary to pass through imaginative cognition. It has been said that this stage of imagination need not be understood like a school class that one must "sit through". This is to be understood in such a way that there are persons, especially in our present life, who bring with them such preconditions that the secret teacher can evoke the inspired and the intuitive simultaneously or at least almost simultaneously with the imaginative cognition. But it must by no means be understood as if there could be anyone who could be spared the passage through the imagination.
[ 7 ] The reason for the danger within imaginative cognition has already been pointed out in my writing "How does one attain knowledge of the higher worlds?". This reason lies in the fact that man loses the ground under his feet, so to speak, when he enters this world. Whatever stability he has in the physical world seems to be completely lost at first. If you perceive something in this physical world, you ask yourself: Where does this perception come from? We usually do this unconsciously. But we are "unconsciously" aware that the causes of our perceptions are the objects "outside in space". The colors, the sounds, the smells emanate from these objects. One does not see free-floating colors, one does not hear sounds, without being aware of the objects to which these colors "adhere" as qualities, from which objects the sounds originate. This awareness that the objects and entities cause them gives the physical perceptions and thus the person himself stability and a secure hold. If someone has perceptions without an external cause, we speak of abnormal, pathological conditions. Such causeless perceptions are called illusions, hallucinations, visions.
[ 8 ] Now, to begin with, the whole imaginative world consists of such hallucinations, visions and illusions. It has been shown in "How does one attain knowledge of the higher worlds?" how such visions etc. are artificially produced through secret training. By directing the consciousness towards a seed or a dying plant, certain figures are conjured up before the soul, which are nothing more than hallucinations. The "flame formation", of which it was said there that it can occur in the soul through the contemplation of a plant or the like and which after a time completely detaches itself from the plant, is, outwardly seen, to be regarded as a hallucination. And so it goes still further in the secret training when one enters the imaginative world. That which one was accustomed to emanating from things "outside in space" or "clinging" to them as a quality, the colors, sounds, smells, etc., now fill the space freely. The perceptions detach themselves from all external things and float freely in the room or fly around in it. And yet you know quite well that the things you have in front of you did not produce these perceptions, that you rather caused them "yourself". This is why you must think that you have "lost the ground under your feet". In ordinary life in the physical world, one must be careful not to have ideas that do not originate from things that are, so to speak, without "ground". To evoke imaginative cognition, however, it is precisely important to first have colors, sounds, smells, etc. that "float freely in space" completely detached from all things.
[ 9 ] Now the next stage of imaginative cognition must consist of finding a new "ground" for the ideas that have become masterless. This must happen in the other world that is now to reveal itself. New things and entities take possession of these ideas. In the physical world, for example, the blue color "clings" to a cornflower. In the imaginative world, it cannot remain "free-floating". It flows towards an entity, as it were, and while it was still ownerless before, it now becomes the expression of an entity. Something speaks through it to the observer that he can only perceive within the imaginative world. And so the "free-floating" imaginations gather around certain centers. And one becomes aware that beings speak to us through them. And just as in the physical world it is physical things and entities to which colors, smells and sounds etc. "or from which they originate, so now "spiritual beings" speak through them. These "spiritual entities" are actually always there; they are constantly buzzing around the human being. But they cannot reveal themselves to him unless he gives them the opportunity to do so. And he only gives this opportunity by evoking in himself the ability to allow sounds, colors, etc. to arise before his soul even when they are not caused by any physical object.
[ 10 ] The "spiritual facts and beings" are quite different from the things and beings of the physical world. It is not easy to find an expression in ordinary language that even approximately characterizes this difference. Perhaps one comes closest to the matter if one says: in the imaginative world everything speaks to man as if it were directly intelligent, whereas in the physical world intelligence can only reveal itself in a roundabout way through physical corporeality. This is precisely what constitutes the mobility and freedom of the imaginative world, that the intermediate link of external things is missing, that the spiritual lives itself out quite directly in the free-floating sounds, colors, etc.
[ 11 ] Now the reason for the danger which threatens man from this world lies in the fact that he perceives the expressions of the "spiritual beings", but not these beings themselves. This is the case as long as he remains only in the imaginative world and does not ascend to a higher one. Only inspiration and intuition gradually lead him to these beings themselves. But if the secret teacher were to awaken the latter prematurely without thoroughly introducing the pupil to the imaginative realm, then the higher world would only take on a shadowy and shadowy existence. The whole glorious fullness of the images would be lost in which it must reveal itself if one is really to enter it. - In this fact lies the reason why the secret disciple needs a "guide" or a "guru", as this guide is called in secret science.
[ 12 ] For the student, the imaginative world is at first really a mere "world of images", of which he often does not know what it expresses. The secret teacher, however, knows which things and entities these images refer to in an even higher world. If the pupil has confidence in him, he can know that later connections will be revealed to him which he does not yet understand. In the physical world, the objects in the room themselves were the guides. He was able to test the correctness of his ideas. Physical reality is the "rock" against which all hallucinations and illusions must shatter. This rock disappears into an abyss when one enters the imaginative world. And therefore the "guide" must enter as another such "rock". By what he is able to offer the pupil, the latter must feel the reality of the new world. One can judge from this how great the trust in the guide must be in every secret training which is really worthy of the name. As soon as one can no longer believe in the guide, it is in this higher world as if everything in the physical world on which one has built one's faith in the reality of one's perceptions were suddenly taken away.
[ 13 ] In addition to this one fact, there is another that could confuse a person if he were to enter the imaginative world without guidance. Of all spiritual beings, the secret disciple first and foremost gets to know himself. In physical life, man has feelings, desires, wishes, passions, imaginations, and so on. Although these are all caused by the things and entities of the outer world, man knows quite well that they form his inner world, and he distinguishes them from the objects of the outer world as that which takes place in his soul. But as soon as the imaginative sense is awakened, this ease of discrimination ceases altogether. His own feelings, ideas, passions etc. literally emerge from him and take on form, color and tone. He is now confronted with them in the same way as in the physical world with completely alien objects and entities. And that the confusion can become a complete one will be understood if one remembers what has been said in the chapter "On Some Effects of Initiation" in "How to Attain Knowledge of the Higher Worlds". Nothing else is described there than the way in which the imaginative world appears to the observer. In it, everything appears in reverse, as in a mirror image. What emanates from man appears as if it wanted to approach him from outside. A wish that he harbors is transformed into a shape, for example into the form of a fantastic-looking animal, or even a human-like being. This seems to assail him, attack him or cause him to do this or that. Thus it can happen that the human being appears to be surrounded and fluttered around by a completely fantastic, often attractive and seductive, often also gruesome world. In truth, this world represents nothing other than his own thoughts, desires and passions, which are transformed into images. - It would be a great mistake to believe that it is easy to distinguish this self transformed into images from the real spiritual world. First of all, it is virtually impossible for the disciple to really make this distinction. For the very same image can just as easily originate from a spiritual being that speaks to the human being as from something within the soul. And if a person is in a hurry, he exposes himself to the danger that he will never learn to separate the two things properly. The greatest caution is required. - The confusion is only increased by the fact that the soul's own wishes and desires are clothed in images that are exactly the opposite of what they really are. Let us assume, for example, that vanity is clothed in an image in this way. It can appear as a charming figure that promises the most wonderful things if you carry out what it says. These statements seem to hold out the prospect of something quite good and desirable; if you follow them, you plunge into moral or other ruin. Conversely, a good quality of the soul can cloak itself in an unappealing garment. Only the true connoisseur is able to distinguish between the two, and only a personality that cannot be made to waver with regard to a correct goal is safe from the seductive arts of its own soul images. - In view of all this, one will admit how necessary it is to have the guidance of a teacher who, with a sure sense, makes the pupil aware of what is illusion and what is truth in this field. But there is no need to believe that this teacher must always stand behind the pupil. It is by no means the physical presence of the teacher that is always important for the secret disciple. Certainly there are moments when such a physical presence is desirable, and also moments when it is absolutely necessary. But on the other hand, the secret teacher also finds the means to stay in contact with the pupil, even when they are far away. And it should also be borne in mind that some of the things that happen between teacher and pupil in this area during a meeting can often continue to have an effect for months, perhaps years. There is one thing, however, which must surely break the necessary connection between teacher and pupil. This occurs when the latter loses confidence in the former. - And it is particularly bad when this bond of trust is severed before the student has learned to distinguish the illusions of his own soul from the true reality.
[ 14 ] Now one could perhaps say: yes, if such a bond with the teacher occurs in this way, the secret disciple loses all freedom and independence. He gives himself completely into the teacher's hands, so to speak. But in reality this is not the case at all. However, there are differences in terms of dependence on the teacher in the various methods of occult training. This dependence may be greater or lesser. It is relatively greatest in the method which was followed by the occultists of the Orient and is still taught by them today as their own. This dependence on a human being is present to a much lesser extent in the so-called Christian initiation. And it actually disappears completely in the path of knowledge that has been indicated by the so-called secret schools of the Rosicrucians since the fourteenth century. It is true that the teacher cannot cease to exist in this case, for that is impossible. But all dependence on him truly ceases. How this is possible can be seen from the continuation of this account. It will describe exactly how these three "paths of knowledge" differ: the Oriental, the Christian and the Rosicrucian. In the case of the latter, nothing comes into consideration that could somehow disturb a modern person's sense of freedom. It will also be described in this sequel how one or the other person, as a secret disciple, can come to follow not the Rosicrucian path in modern Europe, but the Oriental or the older Christian path, even though the Rosicrucian path is currently the most natural. As we will see later on, this is not unchristian. A person can follow it without jeopardizing his Christianity, and a person can also follow it if he believes he is at the full height of modern scientific worldview.
[ 15 ] However, there is another point that might need to be explained. One might feel tempted to ask whether the secret disciple could not be spared having to go through the illusions of his own soul. If this were to happen, he would never arrive at the independent discernment that is so desirable for him. For nothing can make the quite peculiar nature of the imaginative world clearer than the contemplation of one's own soul. Man knows the inner life of his soul first of all from one side. He is just inside it. And this is precisely what the secret disciple must learn: not only to look at things from the outside, but to observe them as if he were inside them all. If his own world of thought confronts him like something alien, then he learns to know the other side of a thing that he already knows from one side. He must, as it were, become the first example of such knowledge to himself. From the physical world he is accustomed to something quite different. There he always sees all other things only from the outside, but he experiences himself only from the inside. As long as he remains in the physical world, he can never see beyond the surface of things. And he can never go out of himself, "get out of his own skin" as it were, in order to observe himself from the outside. The latter is literally incumbent upon him first in the secret training, and with its help he then learns to look behind the surface of external facts and entities.