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Meditation and Concentration:
Three Kinds of Clairvoyance
GA 161

2 May 1915, Dornach

Translator Unknown

Lecture III

Yesterday I drew attention to the way in which a man is able with the higher members of his being - his etheric body, astral body and ego—to leave his physical body; and I pointed out how, having left his physical body, he then makes his first steps in initiation, and learns that what we call man's spiritual activity does not come only with initiation but, in reality, is there all the time in everyday life.

We had particularly to emphasize that the activity which enters our consciousness through our thoughts actually takes its course in man's etheric body, and that this activity taking its course in man's etheric body, this activity underlying the thought-pictures, enters our consciousness by reflecting itself in the physical body. As activity it is carried on in soul and spirit, so that a man when he is in the physical world and just thinks—but really thinks, is carrying out a spiritual activity. It may be said, however, that it does not enter consciousness as a spiritual activity. Just as when we stand in front of a mirror it is not our face that enters our consciousness out of the mirror but the image of our face, so in everyday life it is not the thinking but its reflection that as thought-content is rayed back into consciousness from the mirror of the physical body. In the case of the will it is different.

Let us keep this well in mind—that what finds expression in thinking is an activity which actually does not enter our physical organism at all, but runs its course entirely outside it, being reflected back by the physical organism. Let us remember that as men we are actually in our soul-spiritual being all the time.

Now this is how it might be represented diagrammatically. If this (a) represents man's bodily being, in actual fact his thinking goes on outside it, and what we perceive as thoughts is thrown back. Thus, with our thinking we are always outside our physical body; in reality spiritual knowledge consists in our recognizing that we are outside the physical body with our thinking.

Thinking versus Willing Activity

It is different with what we call will-activity. This goes right into the physical body. What we call will-activity enters into the physical body everywhere and there brings about processes; and the effect of these processes in man is what is brought about by the will as movement.

We can thus say: While living as man in the physical world there rays out of the spiritual into our organism the essential force of the will and carries out certain activities in the organism enclosed within the skin. Between birth and death we are therefore permeated by will-forces; whereas the thoughts do not go on within our organism but outside it. From this you may conclude that everything to do with the will is intimately connected with what a man is between birth and death by reason of his bodily organization. The will is really closely bound up with us and all expressions of the will are in close connection with our organization, with our physical being as man between birth and death. This is why thinking really has a certain character of detachment from the human being, a certain independent character, never attainable by the will.

Now for a moment try to concentrate on the great difference existing in human life between thinking and what belongs to the will. It is just spiritual science that is capable from this point of view of throwing the most penetrating side-lights on certain problems in life. Do we not all find that what can be known through spiritual science really confronts us in life in the form of questions which somehow have to be answered? Now think what happens when anyone goes to a solicitor about some matter. The solicitor hears all about the case and institutes proceedings for the client in question. He will look into all possible ingenious grounds—puts into this all the ingenuity of which he is capable—to win the case for his client. To win the case he will summon up all his powers of intelligence and reasoning.

What do you think would have happened (life will certainly give you the answer) had his opponent outrun the client mentioned and come a few hours before to the same solicitor? What I am assuming hypothetically often happens in reality. The solicitor would have listened to the opponent's case and put all his ingenuity into the grounds for the defense of this client—grounds for getting the better of the other man. I don't think anyone will feel inclined to deny the possibility of my hypothesis being realized. What does it show however?

It shows how little connection a man has in reality with his intelligence and his reason with all that is his force of thought, that in a certain case he can put them at the service of one side just as well as of the other. Think how different this is when man's will-nature is in question, in a matter where man’s feelings and desires are engaged. Try to get a clear idea of whether it would be possible for a man whose will-nature was implicated to act in the same way. On the contrary, if he did so we should consider him mentally unsound. A man is intimately bound up with his will—most intimately; for the will streams into his physical organism and in this human physical organism, induces processes directly related to the personality.

We can therefore say: It is just into these facts of life which, when we think about life at all, confront us so enigmatically, that light is thrown by all we gain through spiritual science. Ever more fully can spiritual science enlighten men about what happens in everyday life, because everything that happens has supersensible causes. The most mundane events are dependent on the supersensible, and are comprehensible only when these supersensible causes are open to our view.

But now let us take the case of a man going with his soul through the gate of death. We must here ask: What happens to his force of thinking and to his will-force? After death the thinking force can no longer be reflected by an organism such as we bear with us between birth and death. For the significant fact here is that after death this organism, everything present in us lying beneath the surface of our skin, is cast off. Therefore, when we have gone through the gate of death, the thinking cannot be reflected by an organism no longer there, neither can an organism no longer there induce inner processes. What the thinking force is continues to exist—just as a man is still there when after passing a mirror he is no longer able to see his reflection. During the time he is passing it his face will be reflected to him; had he passed by earlier the reflection would have appeared to him earlier. The thinking force is reflected in the life of the organism as long as we are on earth, but it is still there even though we have left our physical organism behind.

What happens then? What constitutes the thinking force cannot, in itself be perceived; just as the eye is incapable of seeing itself so also is the thinking, for it has to be reflected-back by something—and the bodily organism is no longer there. When a man has discarded his physical organism what will then throw back the thinking force for whatever the thinking force develops in itself as process? Here something occurs that is not obvious to human physical intelligence; but it must, be considered if we really want to understand the life between death and rebirth. This can be under stood through initiates' teachings. An initiate knows that even during life in the body knowledge does not come to him through the mirror of his body but outside it, that he goes out of his body and receives knowledge without it, that therefore he dispenses with his bodily mirrors. Whoever cultivates in himself this kind of knowledge sees that what constitutes the thinking force henceforward enters his consciousness outside the body; it enters consciousness by the later thoughts being reflected by those that have gone before.

Thus, bear this well in mind—when an initiate leaves his body, and is outside it, he does not perceive by something being reflected by his body, he perceives by the thinking force he now sends out being reflected by what he has previously thought. You must therefore imagine that what has been thought previously—not only because it was thought previously—mirrors back the forces developed by the thinking, when this development takes place outside the body.

Mirror of the Initate's Thought

I can perhaps put it still more clearly. Let us suppose that someone today becomes an initiate. In this state of initiation how can he perceive anything through the force of his thinking? He does this by encountering, with the thinking forces he sends out, what, for instance, he thought the day before. What he thought the day before remains inscribed in the universal cosmic chronicle—which you know as the Akashic record—and what his thinking force develops today is reflected by what he thought yesterday.

From this you may see that the thinking must be qualified to make the thought of yesterday as strong as possible, so that it can reflect effectively. This is done by the rigorous concentration of one's thought and by various kinds of meditation, in the way described from time to time in lectures about knowledge of the higher worlds. Then the thought that otherwise is of a fleeting nature is so densified in a man, so strengthened, that he is able to bring about the reflection of his thinking force in these previously strengthened and densified thoughts.

This is how it is also with the consciousness men develop after death. What a man has lived through between birth and death is indeed inscribed spiritually into the great chronicle of time. Just as in this physical world we are unable to hear without ears, after death we are unable to perceive unless there is inscribed into the world our life, with all that we have lived through between birth and death. This is the reflecting apparatus.

I drew attention to these facts in my last Vienna cycle.1see..{"The Inner Nature of Man and Life between Death and Rebirth." Our life itself, in the way we go through it between birth and death, becomes our sense-organ for the higher worlds. You do not see your eye nor do you hear your ear, but you see with your eye, you hear with your ear. When you want to perceive anything to do with your eye you must do so in the way of ordinary science. It is the same in the case of your ear. The forces a man develops between death and rebirth have the quality of always raying back to the past earth-life, so as to be reflected by it; then they spread themselves out and are perceived by a man in the life between death and rebirth.

From this it can be seen what nonsense it is to speak of life on earth as if it were a punishment, or some other superfluous factor in man’s life as a whole. A man has to make himself part of this earthly life, for in the spiritual world in life after death it becomes his sense-organ.


The difficulty of this conception consists in this that when you imagine a sense-organ you conceive it as something in space. Space, however, ceases as soon as we go either through the gate of death or through initiation; space has significance only for the world of the senses. What we afterwards meet with is time, and, just as here we make use of ears and eyes that are spatial, there we need temporal processes. These processes are those carried out between birth and death, by which the ones developed after death are reflected back. In life between birth and death everything is perceptible to us in space; after death everything takes its course in time, whereas formerly it was in space that we perceived it.

The particular difficulty in speaking about the facts of spiritual science is that, as soon as we turn our gaze to the spiritual worlds, we have really to renounce the whole outlook we have developed for existence in space; we must entirely give up this spatial conception and realize that there space no longer exists, everything running its course in time—that there even the organs are temporal processes. If we would find our way about among the events in spiritual life, we have not only to transform our way of learning; we must entirely transform ourselves, re-model ourselves, acquire fresh life, in such a way that we adopt quite a different method of conception. Here lies the difficulty referred to yesterday, which so many people shun, however ingenious for the physical plane their philosophy may be. People indeed are wedded to their spatial conceptions and cannot find their bearings in a life that runs its course entirely in time.

I know quite well that there may be many souls who say: But I just cannot conceive that when I enter the spiritual world this spiritual world is not to be there in a spatial sense.—That may be, but if we wish to enter the spiritual world the most necessary thing of all is for us to make every effort to grow beyond forming our conceptions as we do on the physical plane. If in forming our conceptions of the higher worlds we never take for our standards and models any but those of the physical world, we shall never attain to real thoughts about the higher worlds—at best picture thoughts.

It is thus where thinking is concerned. After death thinking takes its course in such a way that it reflects itself in what we have lived through, what we were, in physical earthly life between birth and death. All the occurrences we have experienced constitute after death our eyes and our ears. Try by meditating to make real to yourselves all that is contained in the significant sentence: Your life between birth and death will become eye and ear for you, it will constitute your organs between death and rebirth.

Now how do matters stand with the will forces? The will-forces bring about in us the life-processes within the limits of our body—it is our life-processes which they bring about. The body is no longer there when a man has gone through the gate of death, but the whole spiritual environment is there. True as it is that the will with its forces works into the physical organism, it is just as true that after death the will has the desire to go out from the man in all directions; it pours itself into the whole environment, in the opposite way to physical life when the will works into man. You gain some conception of this out—pouring of the will into the surrounding world, if you consider what you have to acquire in the way of inner cultivation of the will in meditation, when you are really anxious to make progress in the sphere of spiritual knowledge.

The man who is willing to be satisfied with recognizing the world as a merely physical one sees, for example, the color blue, sees somewhere a blue surface, or perhaps a yellow surface; and this satisfies the man who is content to stop short at the physical world. We have already discussed how, even through a true conception of art, we must get beyond this mere grasping of the matter in accordance with the senses; how when we must experience blue as if we let our will, our force of heart, stream out into space, and as if from us out into space there could shine forth towards what shines forth to us as blue something we feel like a complete surrender—as if we could pour ourselves out into space. Our own being streams into the blue, flows away into it. Where there is yellow, however, the being, the being of the will, has no wish to enter—here it is repulsed; it feels that the will cannot get through, and that it is thrown back on itself.

Whoever wishes to prepare himself to develop in his soul those forces which lead him into the spiritual world, must be able in his life of soul to connect something real with what I have just been saying. For instance, he must in all reality connect the fact that he is looking at a blue surface with saying: This blue surface takes me to itself in a kindly way; it lets my soul with its forces flow out into the illimitable. But the surface here, this yellow surface, repels me, and my soul-forces return upon my soul like the pricks of a needle. It is the same with everything perceived by the senses; it all has these differences of color. Our will, in its soul-nature, pours itself out into the world and can either thus pour itself out or be thrust back. This can be cultivated by giving the forces of our soul a training in color or in some other impression of the physical world. You will discover in my book "Knowledge of the Higher Worlds" how this may be done.

When, however, this has been developed, when we know that if the forces of the soul float away, become blue (becoming blue and floating away are one and the same thing), this means to be taken up with sympathy whereas becoming yellow is to be repelled and is identical with antipathy—well, then we have forces such as these within us. Let us say that we have experienced this coloring of the soul when we are taken up sympathetically and that we do not, in this case, confront a physical being at all, but that it is possible through our developed soul-forces for a spiritual being with whom we are in sympathy to flow into us. This is the way in which we can perceive the Beings of the Higher Hierarchies and the beings of the elemental world.

I will give you an example, one that is not meant to be personal but should be taken quite objectively. We need not develop merely through the forces in our color-sense, it is possible to do so through any forces of the soul. Imagine that we arouse in our self-knowledge a feeling of how it appears to our soul when we are really stupid or foolish. In everyday life we take no notice of such things, we do not bring them into consciousness; but if we wish to develop the soul we must learn to feel within us what is experienced when something foolish is done. Then we notice that when this foolish action occurs will-forces of the soul stream forth which can be thrown back from outside. They are, however, thrown back in such a way that on noticing the repulsion we feel we are being mocked at and scorned. This is a very special experience. When we are really stupid and are alive to what is happening spiritually we feel looked down upon, provoked. A feeling can then follow of being provoked from out of the spiritual world. If we then go to someplace where there are the nature-spirits we call gnomes, we then have the power to perceive them. This power is acquired only when we perceive in ourselves the feeling I have just described. The gnomes carry-on in a way that is provoking, making all manner of gestures and grimaces, laughing, and so on. This is perceptible to us only if when we are stupid we observe ourselves. It is important that we should acquire inward forces through these exercises, that with our will forces we should delve deeply into the world surrounding us; then this surrounding world will come alive, really and truly alive.

Thus we see while our life between birth and death becomes an organ, an organ of perception, within the spiritual organism that we bear between death and rebirth, our will becomes a participator in our whole spiritual environment. We see how the will rays back in initiates (in the seeing of gnomes, for example) and in those who are dead. When gnomes are seen it is an example of this, out of the elemental world.

Now consider how there once lived a philosopher who in the second half of the nineteenth century had a great influence on many people, namely, Schopenhauer. As you know, he exercised a great influence both on Nietzsche and Richard Wagner. Schopenhauer derived the world—as others have derived it from other causes—from what he called conception, or representation, and will. He said: Representation and will are what constitutes the foundation of the world.

But—obsessed by Kant’s method of thinking—he goes on to say that representation are never more than dream-pictures and that it is impossible ever to come to reality through them. It is only through the will that we can penetrate into the reality of things—this is done by the will. Now Schopenhauer philosophises in an impressive manner about representation and will; and, if one may say so—he does this indeed rather well. He is, however, one of those who I have likened to a man standing in front of a door and refusing to go through it. When we take his words literally—the world is representation, the world is a mere dream-picture—we have to forgo all knowledge of the world through representation and can then pass on to knowledge of the representations themselves, pass on to doing something in one's own soul with the representations—in other words to meditate, to concentrate. Had Schopenhauer gone a step further he would have reached the point of saying: "I must renounce representations! If a representation is something produced within me, I must put it to an inward use.’ Had he made this step he would have been driven to cultivate his representations, to work upon them in meditation and concentration.

When he says: The world is will—when, as in his clever treatise on the "Will in Nature", he goes on to describe this will in nature, he does not take his own proposition in earnest. In describing the will we seek the help of representations and he denies those all possibility of knowledge. This reminds us of Munchausen who to pull himself out of a bog catches hold of his own pigtail. What would Schopenhauer have been obliged to be if had taken in earnest his own words—the world is will? He would have had to say: Then we ought to pour out our will into the world; we must use our will to creep inside things. We must delve right into the world, send into it cur will, no longer taking the color blue as mere representation, but trying to perceive how the will sinks down into it; no longer thinking of our stupidity as a representation, but realizing what can be experienced through that stupidity.

You can see that here too it is possible to arrive at a description which needs only to be taken in earnest. Had Schopenhauer gone further he would have had to say: If the representation is really only a picture we represent to ourselves, then we must work upon it; if the will is really in the things, then we must go with it right into the things, not just describe how things have the will within them.

You see here another example of how a renowned Philosopher of the nineteenth century takes men to the very gates of initiation, right up to spiritual science; and how this philosopher then does everything he can to close these gates to men. Where people really take hold of life they are shown on all sides that the time is ripe for picking the fruits of spiritual science—only things must be taken in earnest, deeply in earnest. Above all we must understand how to take people at their word. For it is not required of spiritual science to stand on its own defense. For the most part this is actually done by others, by its opponents, though they do not know this, have no notion of it.

Now consider a certain class of human beings to which very many in the nineteenth century belonged—the atomistic philosophers, those who conceived the idea that atoms in movement were at the basis of all the phenomena of life. They had the idea that behind this entire visible and audible world there was a world of atoms in movement, and through this movement arose processes perceived by us as what appears in our surroundings. Nothing spiritual is there, the spiritual is merely a product of atomic movement, and all—prevailing atomic activity.

Now how has the thought of these whirling atoms arisen? Has anyone seen them? Has anyone discovered them through what they have experienced or come to know empirically? Were this the case they would not be what they are supposed to be, for they are supposed to be concealed behind empirical knowledge. Had they any reality, by what means would they have to be discovered? Suppose the movement of atoms were there—the understanding cannot discover them in what is sense-perceptible. What would a man have to be in order to possess the right to speak of this world of atoms? He would have to be clairvoyant; the whole of this atom-world would have to be a product of inner vision, of clairvoyance. The only thing we can say to the people who have appeared as the materialists of the nineteenth century is: There is no need for us to prove that there are clairvoyants for either you must be silent about all your theories, or you must admit that to perceive these things you are possessed of clairvoyant vision—at least to the point of being able to perceive atoms behind the world of the senses. For if there is no such things as clairvoyance it is senseless to speak of this material world of atoms. If you find it a necessity to have moving atoms you prove to us that there are clairvoyant human beings.

Thus we take these people seriously, although they do not take themselves seriously when they say things of this kind. If Schopenhauer is taken in earnest we must come to this conclusion—“If you say the world is will and what we have in the way of representation is only pictures, you ought to penetrate into the world with your will, and penetrate into your thinking through meditation and concentration. We take you seriously but you do not take yourselves so.” Strictly speaking, it is the same with everything that comes into question.

This is what is so profoundly significant in the world—conception of spiritual science, that it takes in all earnest what is not so taken by the others—what they skim over in a superficial way. Proofs are always to be found among the opponents of spiritual science. But people never notice that in their assertions, in what they think, at bottom they are at the same time setting at naught what they think. For the materialistic atomist, and Schopenhauer too, set a naught what they themselves maintain.

Schopenhauer nullifies his own system when he asserts: Everything is will and representation. The moment he is not willing to stop there, however, he is obliged to lead men onto the development of spiritual science. It is not we who form the world-conception of spiritual science; how then does this world-conception come into being? It enters the world of itself—is there, everywhere, in the world. It enters life through unfamiliar doors and windows; and even when others do not take it in earnest, it finds its way into men’s cultural life.

But there is still something else we can recognize if, through considerations of this kind we really have our attention drawn to how superficially men approach their own spiritual processes, and how little in a deeper sense they take themselves seriously—even when they are clever and profound philosophers. They weave as it were a conceptual web, but with it they shy away from really fulfilling the inner life’s work that would lead them to experience the forces upon which the world is founded. Hence we see that the centuries referred to yesterday, during which ordinary natural science has seen its great triumphs, have also been the centuries to develop in human beings the superficial thinking. The more glorious the development of science, the more superficial has become investigation into the sources of existence.

We can point to really shining examples of what has just been touched upon here. Suppose we have the following experience—a man, who has never shown any interest in the spiritual world undergoes a sudden change, begins to concern himself about the spiritual world and longs to know something about it. Let us suppose we have this experience after having found our way into spiritual science. What will become a necessity for us when we experience how a man, who has never worried about the spiritual world, having been immersed in everyday affairs, now finds himself at one of the crossroads of life and turns to the spiritual world? As spiritual scientists we shall interest ourselves about what has been going on in this man’s soul. We shall try as often as possible to enter into the soul of such a man, and it will then be useful for us to know what has often been stressed here, namely, that the saying in constant use about nature making no sudden jumps is absolutely untrue. Nature does make sudden jumps. She makes a jump when the green leaf becomes the colourful petal, and when she so changes a man who has never troubled himself about the spiritual world that he begins to interest himself in it, this too is like a sudden jump; and for this we shall seek the cause. We shall make certain discoveries about the various spiritual sources of which we have spoken here, and see how anything of this kind takes place.

When doing this we shall ask: How old was the man? We know that every seven years something new is born in the human being: From the seventh year on, the etheric body; from the fourteenth year on, the astral body, and so on. We shall gather up all that we know about the etheric and astral bodies, taking this particularly from an inner, not an outer, point of view. Then we shall be able to gain a good deal of information about what is going on in a human soul such as this.

It is also possible to proceed in another way. We can become interested in the fact that men in ordinary life suddenly go over to a life concerned with spiritual truths, and the profundities of religion. Some men may look upon spiritual science as a foolish phantasy, and when we examine into what is going on in the depths of his soul it is possible for us to discover what makes him find it foolish. But we can then do the following. We write, let us say 192, or even more, letters to people whom we have heard about as having gone through a change of this kind. We send these letters to a whole continent, in order to learn in reply what it was that brought about this change in their life.—We then receive answers of the most diverse kind….someone writes: When I was fourteen my life led me into all manner of bad habits. That made my father very angry and he gave me a good thrashing; this it was which induced in me a feeling for the spiritual world.—Others assert that they have seen a man die, and so on. Suppose then that we get 192 answers and proceed to arrange them in piles—one pile for the letters in which the writers say that they have been changed by their fear of death or of hell; a second pile in which it is stated that the writers come across good men, or imitated them; a third pile—and so on. In piles such as these matters easily become involved and then we make an extra pile for other, egocentric motives. Then we arrive at the following. We have sorted the 192 letters into piles and have counted how many letters go into each one; then we are able to make a simple calculation of the percentage of letters in each pile. We can discover, for example, that 14 per cent of the changes come about through fear, either of death or of hell; 6 per cent come from egocentric motives; 5 per cent because altruistic feelings have arisen in the writers; 17 per cent of them are striving after some moral ideal—supposedly those belonging to an ethical society; 16 percent through pangs of conscience, 10 per cent by following teachings concerning what is good, 13 per cent through imitating other men considered to be religious, 19 per cent by reason of social pressure, the pressure of necessity and so forth.

Thus, we can proceed by trying with love to delve into the soul who confesses to a change of this kind; we can try to discover what is within the soul; and for this we have need of spiritual science. Or we can do what I have just been describing. One who has done this is a certain Starbuck who has written about these matters a book which has aroused a good deal of attention. This is the most superficial exposition and the very opposite of all we must perceive in spiritual science. Spiritual science seeks everywhere to go to the very root of things. A tendency that has arisen to the materialistic character of the times is to apply even to the religious life this famous popular science of statistics. For, as it has clearly pointed out, this means of research is incontrovertible. It has one quality particularly beloved by those people who are unwilling to enter the doors of spiritual science—it can truly be called easy, very easy.

Yesterday we dwelt on the reason for so many people being unwilling to accept spiritual science, mainly, its difficulty. But we can say of statistics that it is easy, in truth very easy. Now today people go in for an experimental science of the soul; I should have to talk about this science at great length to give you a concept of it. It is called experimental psychology; outwardly a great deal is expected from it. I am going just to describe the beginning that has been made with these experiments. We take, let us say, ten children and give these ten children a written sentence—perhaps like this: M… is g… by st… We then look at our watch and say to one of the children: “Tell me what you make of that sentence.” The child doesn’t know; it thinks hard and finally comes out with “Much is gained by striving.” Then it is at once noted down how much time it took the child to complete the sentence. Obviously there must be several sentences for effort has to be made to read them; gradually this will be done in a shorter space of time. Note is then made of the number of seconds taken by the various children to complete one of these sentences, and the percentages among the children are calculated and treated further statistically. In this way the faculty of adaption to outer circumstance and other matters, are tested. This method of experimental psychology has a grand-sounding name, it is called “intelligence tests”; whereas the other method is said to be the testing by experiment of man’s religious nature.

My dear friends, what I have given you here in a few words is no laughing matter. For where philosophy is propounded today these experimental tests are looked upon as the future science of the soul to a far greater extent than any serious feeling is shown, not for what we subscribe to here, but for what was formerly discovered by inner observation of the soul. Today people are all for experiment.

These are examples of people’s experiments today and these methods have many supporters in the world. Physical and chemical laboratories are set up for the purpose of these experiments and there is a vast literature on the subject. We can even experience what I will just touch upon in passing. A friend of ours, chairman of one of our groups, a group in the North, had been preparing his doctorate thesis. It goes without saying that he went to a great deal of trouble (when talking to children one goes to a great deal of trouble to speak on a level with their understanding) to leave out of his thesis anything learnt from spiritual science. All that was left out. Now among the examiners of the thesis there was one who was an expert in these matters, who therefore was thoroughly briefed in these methods; this man absolutely refused to accept the thesis. (The case was even discussed in the Norwegian Parliament.) Anyone who is an experimental psychologist is firmly convinced that his science of the soul is founded on modern science and will continue to hold good for the future.

There is no intention here of saying anything particular against experimental psychology. For why should it not be interesting once in a way to learn about it? Certainly one can do so and it is all very interesting. But the important thing is the place such things are given in life, and whether they are made use of to injure what is true spiritual science, what is genuine knowledge of the soul. It must repeatedly be emphasized that it is not we who wish to turn our back on what is done by people who in accordance with their capacities investigate the soul—the people who investigate what has to do with the senses, and like to make records after the fashion of those 192 replies. This indeed is in keeping, with men's capacities; but we must take into consideration what kind of world it is today in which spiritual science takes its place. We must be very clear about that.

I know very well that there are those who may say: Here is this man, now, abusing experimental psychology—absolutely tearing it to shreds! People may seek thus just as they said: At Easter you ran down Goethe's "Faust" here and roundly criticized Goethe. These people cannot understand the difference between a description of something and a criticism in the superficial sense; they always misunderstand such things. By characterizing them I am wanting to give them their place in the whole sphere of human life. Spiritual Science is not called upon to play the critic, neither can what has been said be criticism.

Men who are not scientists should behave in a Christian way towards true spiritual science.

Another thing is to have clear vision. Thus when we look at science we see how superficially it takes all human striving, how even in the case of religious conversion it does not turn to the inner aspect but looks upon human beings from the outside.

In practical life men are not particularly credulous. The statisticians of the insurance companies—I have referred to this before—calculate about when a man will die. It can be calculated, for instance, about when an 18-year-old will die, because he belongs to a group of people a certain number of whom will die at a certain age. According to this the insurance quota is reckoned and correctly assigned. This all works quite well. If people in ordinary life, however, wanted to prepare for death in the year reckoned as that of their probable death by the insurance company, they would be taken for lunatics. The system does not determine a man’s the length of life. Statistics have just as little to do with his conversion.

We must look deeply into all these things. Through them we strive for a feeling which has within it intuitive knowledge. It will be particularly difficult to bring to the world-culture of today what I would call the crown of spiritual science—knowledge of the Christ. Christ-knowledge is that to which—as the purest, highest and most holy—we are led by all that we receive through spiritual science. In many lectures I have tried to make it clear how it is just at this point of time that the Christ-impulse, which has come into the world through the Mystery of Golgotha, has to be made accessible to the souls of men through the instrument of spiritual science. In diverse ways I tried to point out clearly the way in which the Christ-impulse has worked. Remember the lectures about Joan of Arc, about Constantine, and so on. In many different ways I tried to make clear how in these past centuries the Christ-impulse has been drawn more into the unconscious, but how we are now living at a time when the Christ-impulse must enter more consciously into the life of man, and when there must come a real knowledge of the Mystery of Golgotha. We shall never learn to know about this Mystery of Golgotha if we are not ready to accept conceptions of the kind touched upon at Eastertide2(*see Festivals of the Seasons)—about Christ in connection with Lucifer and Ahriman—and if we do not permeate these conceptions with spiritual science.

We are living in a terribly hard time, a time of suffering and sorrow. You know that for reasons previously mentioned I am not able to characterize this time; neither do I want to do so but from a quite different angle I will just touch upon something connected with our present studies.

This time of suffering and sorrow has wakened many things in human souls, and anyone living through this time, anyone who concerns himself about what is going on, will notice that today, in a certain direction, a great deepening is taking place in the souls of men. These human souls involved in present events were formerly very far from anything to do with religion, their perceptions and feelings were thoroughly materialistic. Today we can repeatedly find in their letters, for one thing, how because of having been involved in all the sorrowful events of the present time they have recovered their feeling for religion. The remarkable thing is that they begin to speak of God and of a divine ordering when formerly such words never passed their lips. On this point today among those people who are in the thick of events we really experience a very great religious deepening.

But one fact has justly been brought before us which is quite as evident as what I have now been saying. Take the most characteristic thing, in the letters written from the front, in which can be seen this religious deepening. Much is said of how God has been found again but almost nothing, almost nothing at all—this has been little noticed—of Christ. We hear of God but nothing of Christ.

This is a very significant fact—that in this present time of heavy trial and great suffering many people have their religious feeling aroused in the abstract form of the idea of God. Of a similar deepening of men's perception of the Christ we can hardly speak at all. I say “hardly", for naturally it is to be met with here and there, but generally speaking things are as I have described. You can see from this, however, that today, when it behooves the souls of men to look for renewed connection with the spiritual world, it is difficult to find the way to what we call the Christ-impulse, the Mystery of Golgotha.

For this, it is necessary for the human soul to rise to a conception of mankind as one great whole. It is necessary for us not merely to foster mutual interest with those amongst whom we are living just for a time; We should extend our spiritual gaze to all times and beings, to how as souls we have gone through various lives on earth and thorough various ages. Then there gradually arises in the soul an urgent need to learn how there exists in man a deepening and then an ascending evolution. In the evolution of Time we must feel one with all mankind; we must look back to how the earth came originally into being, focus our gaze on this ascending and descending evolution, in the centre point of which the Mystery of Golgotha stands; we must feel ourselves bound up with the whole of humanity, feel ourselves bound up with the Mystery of Golgotha. Today the souls of men are nearer the cosmos spatially than they are temporally, that is, to what has been unfolded in the successive evolutionary stages. We shall be led to this, however, when with the aid of spiritual science we feel ourselves part of man's whole course of evolution. For then we cannot do other than recognize that there was a point of time when something entered the evolution of mankind which had nothing to do with human force. It entered man's evolution because into it an impulse made its way from the spiritual world through a human body—an impulse present in the beginning of the Christian era. It was a meeting of heaven with the earth.

Here we touch upon something which must be embodied into the religious life through spiritual-science. We shall touch upon how spiritual science has to sink down into human feeling so that men come into a real connection with the Mystery of Golgotha, and find the Christ-impulse in such a way that it can always be present in them not only as a vague feeling but also in clear consciousness. Spiritual science will work. We have recognized and repeatedly stressed the necessity for this work. In reality, the fact of your sitting there is proof that all of you in this Movement for spiritual science are willing to put your whole heart into working together. When in the future hard times fall again upon mankind, may spiritual science have already found the opportunity to unite the deepening of men's souls not only with an abstract consciousness of God but with the concrete, historical consciousness of Christ.

This is the time, my dear friends, when perceptions, feelings, of a serious nature can be aroused in us and they should not avoid arousing in ourselves these serious, one might say solemn, feelings. This is how those within our movement for spiritual science should be distinguished from the people who, by reason of their karma, have not yet found their way into this Movement—that the adherents of spiritual science take everything that goes on in the world—the most superficial as also the profoundest—in thorough earnest.

Just consider how important it is in everyday life to see that with our ordinary understanding bound up with our brain and with our reason we are outside what mostly interests us in ordinary physical experience, and that hence—as is the case with our hypothetical solicitor—we are strangers to our own thinking, strangers to ourselves. When we enter spiritual science, however, we develop a heart outside our body, as we said yesterday, and what we thoroughly reflect upon will once more be permeated by what is full of inner depth and soul. We can make use both of the understanding bound up with our body and of our reason, in various directions, only if we do not draw upon what unites us most deeply with the spheres in which we live with our thinking. Through spiritual science we shall draw upon this, and in what we think we shall become, with our understanding and with our reason, men of truth, men wedded to the truth; and life has need of such men. What we let shine upon us from the sun of spiritual science grows together with us because we grow together with the Beings of the Higher Hierarchies. Then our thinking is not so constituted that like that solicitor we can apply it to either party in a legal case. We shall be men of truth by becoming one with those who are spiritual truth itself. By discovering how to grasp hold of our will in the way described today, we shall find our path into the very depths of things. This will not be by speaking of the will in nature as Schopenhauer did, but by living ourselves into things, developing our forces in them.

Here we touch upon something terribly lacking at the present time, namely, going deeply and with love into the being of things. This is missing today to such a terrible degree. I might say that over and over again one has to face, the bitter-experience in life of how the inclination to sink the will into the being of things is lacking among men.

What on the ground of spiritual science has to be over-come is the falsifying of objective facts; and this falsifying of objective facts is just what is so widespread at the present time. Those who know nothing of previous happenings are so ready to make assertions which can be proved false.

When a thing of his kind is said, my dear friends, is to be taken as an illustration, not as a detail without importance. But this detail is a symptom for us to ponder in order to come to ever greater depth in the whole depth that is to be penetrated by our spiritual movement. This spiritual movement of ours will throw light into our souls quite particularly when we become familiar with what today cannot yet be found even by those whose hearts are moved by the most grievous events of the times in which they are living, and who seek after the values of the spiritual world. Spiritual science must gradually build up for us the stages leading to an understanding of the Mystery of Golgotha—an understanding never again to be lost. This Mystery of Golgotha is the very meaning of the earth. To understand what this meaning of the earth is, must constitute the noblest endeavor of anyone finding his way step by step into spiritual science.

Dreizehnter Vortrag

Ich habe gestern aufmerksam gemacht auf die Art und Weise, wie der Mensch auf der einen Seite mit den höheren Gliedern seiner Wesenheit, mit dem ätherischen Leibe, mit dem astralischen Leibe und dem Ich seinen physischen Leib verlassen kann, und wie er dann, wenn er seinen physischen Leib verläßt, die ersten Schritte in der Initiation macht und darauf kommt, daß dasjenige, was wir geistige Tätigkeit des Menschen nennen, nicht etwa erst da ist, wenn der Mensch in die Initiation eintritt, sondern im Grunde genommen im alltäglichen Leben schon immer vorhanden ist.

Wir haben besonders betonen müssen, daß die Tätigkeit, die uns durch die Gedanken zum Bewußtsein kommt, eigentlich verläuft im ätherischen Leibe des Menschen, und daß diese im ätherischen Leib verlaufende Tätigkeit, also die Tätigkeit, die dem Gedankenbilde zugrunde liegt, uns zum Bewußtsein kommt durch ihre Abspiegelung im physischen Leibe. Aber verrichtet wird sie im Seelisch-Geistigen, so daß der Mensch, wenn er in der physischen Welt darinnen steht und nur denkt - aber wirklich denkt -, eine geistige Tätigkeit verrichtet. Man kann sagen, daß sie ihm nur nicht zum Bewußtsein kommt als geistige Tätigkeit. So wie uns, wenn wir vor einem Spiegel stehen, nicht unser Gesicht, sondern dessen Abbild aus dem Spiegel heraus zum Bewußtsein kommt, so kommt uns im alltäglichen Leben nicht das Denken, sondern dessen Spiegelbild, als Gedankeninhalt, von dem physischen Leibesspiegel zurückgestrahlt, zum Bewußtsein. Anders ist es beim Willen.

Also bedenken wir wohl: Dasjenige, was sich im Denken ausspricht, ist eine Tätigkeit, die eigentlich gar nicht in unseren physischen Organismus hineingeht, die ganz außerhalb unseres physischen Organismus verläuft, die nur zurückgespiegelt wird von unserem physischen Organismus. Bedenken wir, daß wir als Menschen eigentlich immer in unserem geistig-seelischen Wesen sind. Wenn man es schematisch darstellen wollte, so könnte man es so darstellen:

Wenn das (a) das leibliche Wesen des Menschen darstellt, so verläuft das Denken in Wahrheit außerhalb des leiblichen Wesens des Menschen, und das, was wir als Gedanken wahrnehmen, wird zurückgeworfen. Also mit unserem Denken sind wir stets außerhalb unseres physischen Leibes, und da besteht im Grunde genommen die Geisteserkenntnis nur darinnen, daß wir das einsehen: wir sind mit unserem Denken außerhalb unseres physischen Leibes.

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Anders ist es mit dem, was wir als die Willenstätigkeit bezeichnen. Die geht wirklich in den physischen Leib (a) hinein. Das, was wir als Willenstätigkeit bezeichnen, geht überall in unseren physischen Leib hinein und bewirkt darinnen Prozesse, Vorgänge. Und die Wirkung dieser Vorgänge ist dasjenige, was als Bewegung durch den Willen beim Menschen zustande gebracht wird.

Wir können also sagen: indem wir als Mensch in der physischen Welt darinnenstehen, strahlt die Grundkraft des Willens aus der Geistigkeit in unseren Organismus hinein und verrichtet gewisse Tätigkeiten in dem Organismus, der innerhalb der Haut beschlossen ist. Wir sind also in der Zeit zwischen der Geburt und dem Tode von den Willenskräften durchdrungen, während der Gedankeninhalt nicht innerhalb unseres Organismus vor sich geht, sondern außerhalb des Organismus. Daraus können Sie den Schluß ziehen, daß alles, was den Willen betrifft, innig zusammenhängt mit dem, was der Mensch in seiner physischen Existenz zwischen der Geburt und dem Tode durch seine Leibesorganisation ist. Der Wille hängt wirklich innig mit uns zusammen, und alle Äußerungen des Willens sind eng mit unserer Organisation, mit unserem physischen Menschenwesen, solange wir zwischen der Geburt und dem Tode stehen, verbunden. Davon rührt es her, daß das Denken wirklich einen gewissen Charakter des Losgelöstseins vom Menschen hat, einen gewissen selbständigen Charakter gegenüber dem Menschen, den der Wille niemals haben kann.

Versuchen Sie einmal gründlich nachzudenken über den großen Unterschied, der besteht im menschlichen Leben zwischen dem Denken und dem, was zum Willen gehört. Gerade die Geisteswissenschaft ist geeignet, von einem solchen Gesichtspunkte aus die allerintensivsten Streiflichter auf gewisse Rätselfragen des Lebens zu werfen. Sehen wir nicht alle, daß das, was wir so durch die Geisteswissenschaft erkennen können, im Grunde genommen im Leben vor uns steht wie Frageformen, die wir uns doch beantworten müssen?

Denken Sie einmal: es kommt doch vor, daß irgend jemand zu einem Rechtsanwalt geht mit irgendeiner Sache. Der Rechtsanwalt läßt sich die Sache erzählen, und er macht den Prozeß für den betreffenden Klienten. Der Rechtsanwalt wird alle möglichen scharfsinnigen Gründe hervorsuchen, wird so scharfsinnig sein, als er nur sein kann, um den Prozeß für den betreffenden Klienten zu gewinnen; er wird alles dasjenige, was er an Verstand und Vernunft hat, zusammennehmen, um den Prozeß zu gewinnen.

Was würde geschehen sein - glauben Sie, das Leben wird Ihnen gewiß darüber Aufschluß geben -, wenn es dem Gegner gelungen wäre, ich möchte sagen, dem anderen den Rang abzulaufen, wenn der Gegner ein paar Stunden früher zu demselben Rechtsanwalt gekommen wäre? Es geschieht das, was ich hypothetisch da annehme, sehr oft. Der Rechtsanwalt würde sich den Fall des Gegners haben erzählen lassen und würde mit dem Scharfsinne, der ihm zur Verfügung steht, alle Gründe zur Verteidigung eben dieses anderen Klienten vorbringen, Gründe, die geeignet sind, den ersteren hineinzulegen, wie man sagen kann. Ich glaube nicht, daß jemand geneigt ist, in Abrede zu stellen, daß eine solche Hypothese Wirklichkeit sein könnte. Aber was beweist uns diese Annahme?

Sie beweist uns, wie wenig im Grunde genommen der Mensch zusammenhängt mit dem, was sein Verstand und seine Vernunft ist, mit dem, was seine Denkkraft ist, da er sie in dem gleichen Falle sowohl in den Dienst des einen, als auch in den Dienst des anderen stellen kann. Vergleichen Sie, wie das anders ist bei alledem, wo die Willensnatur des Menschen in Betracht kommt, wo der Mensch mit seinen Gefühlen und Begierden engagiert ist bei einer Sache. Versuchen Sie sich klarzumachen, ob einem Menschen, der aus der Willensnatur heraus für eine Sache eintritt, das gleiche möglich wäre, wenn er in derselben Weise verführe. Wir würden im Gegenteil ihn geistig für nicht ganz gesund halten, wenn es so wäre. Mit dem Willen ist der Mensch intim verbunden, ganz intim verbunden, weil das Wollen hereinstrahlt in den physischen Organismus und unmittelbar zur Persönlichkeit gehörende Prozesse auslöst im menschlichen physischen Organismus.

Also wir können sagen: gerade in diese Tatsachen des Lebens, die so rätselvoll vor unserer Seele stehen müssen, wenn wir über das Leben überhaupt nur nachdenken, leuchtet hinein, was wir durch die Geisteswissenschaft gewinnen können. Immer tiefer und tiefer wird die Geisteswissenschaft die Menschheit aufklären können über dasjenige, was im alltäglichen Leben geschieht, weil alles, was geschieht, abhängig ist von übersinnlichen Ursachen. Das Alleralltäglichste, was geschieht, ist so abhängig vom Übersinnlichen und kann nur erkannt werden, wenn wir zu den übersinnlichen Ursachen aufblicken können.

Nun aber setzen wir einmal den Fall, der Mensch tritt mit seiner Seele durch die Pforte des Todes. Da müssen wir uns fragen: Wie ist es nun mit der Denkkraft, wie mit der Willenskraft? - Nachdem der Tod eingetreten ist, kann die Denkkraft nicht von einem solchen Organismus zurückgespiegelt werden, wie wir ihn sonst an uns tragen zwischen der Geburt und dem Tode. Denn das ist das Bedeutsame dabei, daß dieser Organismus, alles dasjenige, was in uns vorhanden ist als innerhalb der Hautoberfläche liegend, nach dem Tode von uns abgeworfen wird. Also die Denkkraft kann nicht zurückgespiegelt werden von einem Organismus, aber auch innerliche Prozesse können nicht ausgelöst werden von einem Organismus, der, wenn man durch die Pforte des Todes getreten ist, nicht mehr da ist. Das aber, was die Denkkraft ist, bleibt vorhanden; geradeso wie der Mensch vorhanden bleibt, wenn er vor dem Spiegel vorübergeht, in der Zeit, wo er sich nicht mehr im Spiegel sehen kann. In der Zeit, wo er vor dem Spiegel vorübergeht, wird ihm sein Antlitz zurückgeworfen; wäre er früher vorübergegangen, so würde ihm sein Spiegelbild früher zurückgeworfen worden sein. Die Denkkraft spiegelt sich so lange, als wir im Leben, im Leben des Organismus stehen; sie ist aber auch dann da, wenn der Mensch den physischen Organismus verlassen hat.

Was tritt nun ein? Dasjenige, was Denkkraft ist, kann nicht in sich selbst wahrgenommen werden. So wenig als das Auge sich selber sehen . kann, kann die Denkkraft sich selber wahrnehmen; sie muß von irgend etwas zurückgespiegelt werden. Der Leibesorganismus ist aber nicht mehr da. Wovon wird nun die Denkkraft, respektive dasjenige, was die Denkkraft in sich als Prozeß entwickelt, zurückgeworfen, wenn der Mensch seinen physischen Organismus abgelegt hat? Hier tritt etwas ein, was dem menschlichen physischen Verständnisse nicht ganz nahe liegt, was aber eingesehen werden muß, wenn wir wirklich das Leben zwischen dem Tode und einer neuen Geburt begreifen wollen. Begreifen kann man das durch die Lehren der Initiation. In der initiierten Erkenntnis ist es während des Leibeslebens schon so, daß der Mensch nicht in der Spiegelung seines Leibes erkennt, sondern außerhalb seines Leibes, daß er aus dem Leibe herausgeht und ohne den Leib erkennt, daß er also seinen Leibesspiegel ausschaltet. Da sieht derjenige, der solche Erkenntnisse in sich ausbildet, wie das, was Denkkraft ist, nunmehr außerhalb des Leibes zum Bewußtsein kommt. Es kommt dadurch zum Bewußtsein, daß die Spiegelung des Späteren bewirkt wird durch das Frühere.

Also merken Sie wohl: wenn derjenige, der initiiert ist, seinen Leib verläßt und außerhalb seines Leibes ist, dann nimmt er nicht dadurch wahr, daß ihm sein Leib etwas spiegelt, sondern er nimmt wahr dadurch, ‘ daß sich seine Denkkraft, die er jetzt aussendet, spiegelt an demjenigen, was er früher gedacht hat. Sie müssen sich also vorstellen: dasjenige, was früher gedacht worden ist, das spiegelt wieder zurück die durch das Denken entfalteten Kräfte, wenn diese Entfaltung außerhalb des Leibes geschieht.

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Also, ich kann es vielleicht noch genauer sagen: Nehmen wir an, irgend jemand tritt heute in den Zustand der Initiation. Wodurch kann er in diesem Zustande der Initiation durch seine Denkkraft etwas wahrnehmen? Dadurch, daß er mit seinen Denkkräften, die er aussendet, auftrifft auf das, was er zum Beispiel gestern gedacht hat. Das, was er gestern gedacht hat, bleibt in der allgemeinen Weltenchronik, die Sie kennen als die Akasha-Chronik, eingeschrieben, und das, was heute seine Denkkraft entwickelt, spiegelt sich in dem gestern Gedachten.

Daraus können Sie ersehen, daß das Bestreben eine Berechtigung haben muß, so stark wie möglich das gestern Gedachte zu machen, damit es wirklich richtig spiegeln kann. Und dieses wird bewirkt durch die strenge Konzentration der Gedanken und durch Meditationen verschiedener Art, wie wir sie gelegentlich solcher Vorträge, die über die Erkenntnis höherer Welten gehalten worden sind, beschrieben haben. Da wird gleichsam der Gedanke, der sonst flüchtig bleibt, in dem Menschen so verdichtet, so verstärkt, daß der Mensch dann dazu kommen kann, daß sich die Denkkraft spiegelt an den vorher verstärkt gemachten, verdichteten Gedanken.

Und so ist es auch beschaffen mit dem Bewußtsein, das die Menschen entwickeln nach dem Tode. Dasjenige, was der Mensch durchlebt hat zwischen der Geburt und dem Tode, das ist wohl eingeschrieben in die große Chronik der Zeit in geistiger Weise. Und so wie wir nicht hören können ohne Ohren hier in der physischen Welt, so können wir nicht wahrnehmen nach dem Tode, ohne daß da ist, in der Welt eingeschrieben, unser Leben mit alledem, was wir durchlebt haben zwischen der Geburt und dem Tode. Das ist der Spiegelungsapparat.

Ich habe schon einmal, in meinem letzten Wiener Zyklus, auf diese Tatsache aufmerksam gemacht. Unser Leben selber, das wir hier so führen zwischen der Geburt und dem Tode, wird zum Sinnesorgan für die höheren Welten. Sie sehen Ihr Auge nicht, Sie hören Ihr Ohr nicht, Sie sehen aber durch Ihr Auge und Sie hören durch Ihr Ohr. Wenn Sie von dem Auge etwas wahrnehmen wollen, so müssen Sie dies auf dem Wege der äußeren Wissenschaft tun. So ist es auch mit dem Ohr. Diejenigen Kräfte, die der Mensch entwickelt zwischen dem Tode und einer neuen Geburt, sind dazu veranlagt, immerdar zurückzustrahlen zu dem Erdenleben, das wir verlebt haben, durch dieses gespiegelt zu werden, um dann sich auszubreiten und. wieder wahrgenommen zu werden von dem Menschen, der in dem Leben zwischen dem Tode und einer neuen Geburt ist.

Daraus ersehen Sie, wie unsinnig es ist, von dem irdischen Leben nur so zu sprechen, als ob dieses irdische Leben eine Strafe oder irgend sonst etwas Überflüssiges in bezug auf das gesamte Leben des Menschen ist. Es ist durchaus notwendig, um wahrzunehmen, sozusagen Auge und Ohr zu haben zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt. In dieses irdische Leben muß sich der Mensch einfügen, weil es ihm zum Sinnesorgan wird in der geistigen Welt im Leben nach dem Tode.

Die Schwierigkeit des Vorstellens besteht nun darin, daß wenn Sie sich ein Sinnesorgan denken, Sie sich etwas Räumliches vorstellen. Der Raum hört aber auf, sobald man durch die Pforte des Todes oder durch die Initiation geht. Der Raum hat nur Bedeutung für die sinnliche Welt. Dasjenige, was wir betreten, ist die Zeit, und so wie wir hier Raumesohren und Raumesaugen gebrauchen, so gebrauchen wir dort zeitliche Vorgänge. Das sind eben die Vorgänge, die sich zwischen der Geburt und dem Tode vollziehen, durch die zurückgestrahlt werden diejenigen, die wir nach dem Tode entwickeln. In dem Leben zwischen Geburt und Tod liegt alles vor uns wahrnehmbar im Raume. Nach dem: Tode verläuft alles in der Zeit, während sonst alles für uns wahrnehmbar im Raume lebt.

Die besondere Schwierigkeit über die Dinge der Geisteswissenschaft zu sprechen, liegt darin, daß wir uns, sobald wir den Blick hinaufwenden in die geistigen Welten, wirklich die ganze Anschauung abgewöhnen müssen, die wir hier entwickeln für das Raumesdasein; daß wir uns ganz abgewöhnen müssen die Raumesanschauung und wissen müssen, daß es Raum da nicht gibt, daß alles in der Zeit verläuft, und daß sogar die Organe da zeitliche Vorgänge sind. Man muß nicht nur umlernen, wenn man sich hineinfinden will in die Ereignisse des geistigen Lebens, sondern man muß auch in der Weise sich ganz umwandeln, ummodellieren, umlebendigen, daß man sich eine ganz andere Vorstellungsart aneignet. Und darinnen besteht das Schwierige, auf das gestern hingewiesen worden ist und das viele so sehr scheuen, selbst wenn sie eine noch so scharfsinnige Philosophie für den physischen Plan betreiben. Die Leute hängen eben an der Raumesvorstellung und können sich nicht hineinfinden, in bezug auf die Vorstellungen, in ein Leben, das lediglich in der Zeit verläuft.

Ich weiß wohl, daß manche Seele da sein kann, die sich sagt: Aber ich kann mir gar nicht vorstellen, wenn ich mich in die geistige Welt hineinversetze, daß diese geistige Welt nicht räumlich ausgedehnt sein soll. - Gewiß, aber viel mehr als irgend etwas anderes ist notwendig, daß wir uns bemühen, gerade über die Vorstellungsarten des physischen Planes hinauszukommen, wenn wir in die geistige Welt hinein wollen. Wenn wir immer wieder und wieder alle höheren Welten nur nach dem Maßstabe, Musterbilde der physisch-räumlichen Welt vorstellen wollen, dann können wir wirkliche Gedanken über die höheren Welten doch nicht gewinnen, sondern höchstens bildhafte Gedanken.

So ist es mit Bezug auf das Denken. Das Denken also verläuft nach dem Tode so, daß es sich spiegelt an demjenigen, was wir durchlebt haben, an dem, was wir waren im physischen Erdenleben zwischen der Geburt und dem Tode. Diese Vorgänge, die wir da durchlebt haben, sind gewissermaßen unsere Augen und unsere Ohren nach dem Tode. Versuchen Sie durch Meditationen sich nahezubringen, was der bedeutungsvolle Satz eigentlich enthält: Dein Leben zwischen der Geburt und dem Tode wird dir als Auge und Ohr eingesetzt sein, es wird dir diejenigen Organe geben, die du tragen wirst zwischen dem Tode und einer neuen Geburt.

Wie ist es nun aber mit dem, was Willenskräfte sind? Die Willenskräfte, sie bewirken ja Lebensvorgänge in uns, die innerhalb der Grenzen unseres Leibes liegen. Lebensvorgänge bewirken sie in uns. Der Leib ist nicht da, wenn der Mensch durch die Pforte des Todes geschritten ist, aber die ganze geistige Umwelt ist da. So wahr der Wille mit seinen Kräften in den physischen Organismus hineinwirkt, so wahr will dieser Wille nach dem Tode überall aus dem Menschen heraus; er ergießt sich in die ganze Umwelt, umgekehrt als im physischen Leben, wo der Wille ja in den Menschen hinein wirkt. Sie bekommen eine Vorstellung von diesem Ergießen des Willens in die ganze Umwelt, wenn Sie darüber nachdenken, was Sie schon durch Meditation sich aneignen müssen an innerer Willenskultur, wenn Sie wirklich vorwärtskommen wollen auf dem Gebiete der geistigen Erkenntnis.

Derjenige Mensch, der sich begnügen will, die Welt bloß sinnlich zu erkennen, der sieht zum Beispiel eine blaue Farbe, sieht irgendwo eine blaue Fläche, oder er sieht irgendwo eine gelbe Fläche. Damit begnügt sich derjenige Mensch, der in der physischen Welt stehenbleiben will. Wir haben auch darüber schon gesprochen, wie wir, selbst bei einer wirklichen Kunstanschauung, über diese bloß sinnliche Auffassung der Sache hinauskommen müssen: wie wir zum Beispiel üben müssen, Blau so zu erleben, als ob unser Wille, unsere Gemütskraft, hineingelassen würde in den Raum, und als ob von uns entgegenstrahlen könnte in den Raum dem, was uns als Blau entgegenstrahlt, etwas wie wenn wir ein Hingebungsvolles empfinden, als ob wir uns in den Raum hineinergießen könnten. Da strömt das eigene Wesen hinein, wo Blau ist, da fließt es fort. Da aber, wo Gelb ist, da will das eigene Wesen nicht hinein, das Willenswesen; da wird es zurückgestoßen. Da fühlt es, daß der Wille nicht durch kann und in sich selber zurückgestoßen wird.

Derjenige, der wirklich sich dazu vorbereiten will, die Kräfte seiner - Seele zu entwickeln, die ihn in die geistige Welt hineinführen, der muß mit dem, was ich eben gesagt habe, etwas Reales in seinem Seelenleben verbinden können. Er muß zum Beispiel real verbinden die Tatsache, daß er hier eine blaue Fläche sieht, damit, daß er sagt: Die nimmt mich. freundlich auf, die läßt meine Seele mit ihren Kräften in unbestimmte Fernen ziehen. Aber die Fläche hier, die gelbe, stößt mich zurück; da kommen die Kräfte meiner Seele gleichsam als Nadelstiche in meine eigene Seele zurück. - Aber so ist es mit alledem, was man sinnlich wahrnimmt. Alles hat solche Nuancen. Unser seelisches Willenswesen ergießt sich in die Welt, wird entweder zurückgestoßen oder kann sich ergießen über die Welt. Entwickelt kann das werden, indem man an Farben oder sonstigen Eindrücken der physischen Welt seine seelischen Kräfte schult. Wie man das kann, finden Sie geschildert in dem Buche «Wie erlangt man Erkenntnisse der höheren Welten?».

Aber wenn man das entwickelt hat, wenn man weiß, wie es ist, wenn die Kräfte der Seele fortschwingen, blau werden - blau werden und fortschreiten ist ein und dasselbe, ist: sympathisch aufgenommen werden; gelb werden ist dasselbe wie zurückgestoßen werden, identisch mit Antipathie -, dann hat man diese Kräfte in sich. Sagen wir, man habe erfahren wie eine solche Seelennuance ist: sympathisch aufgenommen zu werden, und man stellt sich jetzt gar nicht einem physischen Wesen gegenüber, sondern es kann so sein, daß man ein geistiges Wesen, dem wir sympathisch sind, in sich einfließen läßt durch so entwickelte . Seelenkräfte. Wir nehmen so die Wesen der oberen Hierarchien und der elementarischen Welt wahr.

Ich will Ihnen ein Beispiel geben, ein Beispiel, das wirklich nicht anzüglich sein soll, sondern als ganz objektiv gefaßt gelten soll. Man braucht nicht bloß an dem Farbensinn Kräfte entwickeln; man kann an allem Seelenkräfte entwickeln. Denken Sie sich, man bemüht sich, in Selbsterkenntnis zu fühlen, wie sich das in der eigenen Seele ausnimmt, wenn man so recht dumm oder töricht ist. Im alltäglichen Leben geht man über solche Empfindungen hinweg, man bringt sie sich nicht zum Bewußtsein. Aber wenn man die Seele entwickeln will, muß man ein Gefühl haben davon, wie es sich innerlich erlebt, wenn man erwas recht Törichtes tut. Und da merkt man, daß, wenn man etwas Törichtes tut, solche Seelen-Willenskräfte ausstrahlen, und die können von etwas draußen zurückgeworfen werden. Aber sie werden so zurückgeworfen, daß, indem wir das Zurückwerfen verspüren, wir uns selbst verspottet, verhöhnt fühlen. Das ist ein eigentümliches Erlebnis. Gibt man acht, wenn man recht dumm ist, was da geistig um einen vorgeht, so fühlt man sich verhöhnt, geneckt; und nun kann man das Gefühl entwickeln, wie wenn man aus der geistigen Welt heraus geneckt würde. Geht man dann in eine Gegend, wo es Naturgeister gibt, die man als Gnomen bezeichnet, dann hat man die Kraft, sie wahrzunehmen. Man erwirbt sich die Kraft, sie wahrzunehmen nur, wenn man das Gefühl in sich entwickelt, das ich eben beschrieben habe. Die Gnomen benehmen sich so, daß sie necken, allerlei Gesten und Grimassen machen, einen auslachen und so weiter. Das kann man aber nur wahrnehmen, wenn man sich beim Dummsein beobachtet. Es handelt sich darum, daß wir durch diese Übungen intime Kräfte uns aneignen, daß wir selber mit dem Willen untertauchen in die Umwelt. Dann wird die ganze Umwelt belebt, wirklich belebt.

So kann man sagen: Während unser Leben zwischen der Geburt und dem Tode Organ, Wahrnehmungsorgan wird in unserem geistigen Organismus, den wir tragen zwischen dem Tode und einer neuen Geburt, wird unser Wille Teilnehmer an der ganzen geistigen Umgebung, in der wir sind. $o sehen wir, wie der Wille zurückstrahlt beim Inittierten, beim Gnomen-Sehen zum Beispiel, und beim Toten. Und wenn man Gnomen sieht, so ist das ein Beispiel dafür aus der elementarischen Welt.

Denken Sie sich, daß es einen Philosophen gegeben hat, der in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts einen großen Eindruck auf viele Menschen gemacht hat: Schopenhauer. Der hat auch, wie Sie wissen, einen großen Einfluß auf Nietzsche und Richard Wagner gehabt. Schopenhauer hat - wie andere die Welt zurückführen auf andere Ursachen die Welt zurückgeführt auf das, was er Vorstellung und Wille nennt. Er sagte: Vorstellung und Wille sind dasjenige, was der Welt zugrunde liegt.

Nun findet er aber, angefressen von Kantscher Denkweise, daß die Vorstellungen immer ein Traumgebilde bleiben, daß man durch die Vorstellungen niemals in die Wirklichkeit hineindringen kann. Nur durch den Willen kann man in die Wirklichkeit hineindringen, der Wille führt uns in die Realität der Dinge hinein. Nun philosophiert Schopenhauer in eindrucksvoller Weise über Vorstellung und Wille. Er ist, wenn man so sagen darf, gar nicht einmal auf unebenem Wege. Aber nun ist er auch einer von denen, die ich verglichen habe mit den Leuten, die bis zum Tore gehen, aber am Tore stehenbleiben und nicht hinein wollen. Wenn man ihn nämlich beim Wort nimmt, die Welt sei Vorstellung und die Welt sei bloß Traumbild, dann kann man darauf verzichten, durch die Vorstellung die Welt zu erkennen, und man kann dann dazu übergehen, die Vorstellungen in sich zu erkennen, mit der Vorstellung etwas zu machen in der eigenen Seele, das heißt: Meditieren, Konzentrieren. Hätte Schopenhauer einen Schritt weiter gemacht, so wäre er darauf gekommen sich zu sagen: Ich muß verzichten auf die Vorstellung! Wenn die Vorstellung nur ein Produkt meines Inneren ist, so muß ich sie innerlich verwenden. — Hätte Schopenhauer diesen Schritt gemacht, dann würde er fortgetrieben worden sein dazu, die Vorstellung zu kultivieren, sie zu Konzentration und Meditation zu verarbeiten.

Und wenn er sagt: Die Welt ist Wille -, ja, wenn er zu beschreiben anfängt, wie er das in der geistvollen Abhandlung über den «Willen in der Natur» tut, wenn er zu beschreiben anfängt den Willen in der Natur, so nimmt er seinen eigenen Satz nicht ernst. Wenn man den Willen beschreibt, dann nimmt man die Vorstellungen zur Hilfe, und denen hat er ja alle Erkenntniskraft abgesprochen. Daraus wird dann wirklich eine Münchhauseniade, die derjenigen gleicht, sich selber am Schopf zu fassen, um sich aus dem Sumpfe herauszuziehen. Was hätte er tun müssen, wenn er seinen eigenen Satz: Die Welt ist Wille - ernst genommen hätte? Er hätte sich dann sagen müssen: Also müßte man den Willen in die Welt hinausergießen. Man muß den Willen gebrauchen, um in die Dinge hineinzukriechen. Man muß untertauchen in die Welt, und den Willen hineinsenden in die Welt, so daß man die blaue Farbe nicht als Vorstellung nimmt, sondern versucht zu empfinden, wie der Wille untertaucht in sie; daß man seine Dummheit nicht nimmt als Vorstellung, sondern das nimmt, was man im Vorgange der eigenen Dummheit erleben kann.

Sie sehen wiederum: man kann so auf ein geistreiches Aperçu kommen, auf ein Aperçu, das nur ernst genommen zu werden braucht. Wenn Schopenhauer weitergegangen wäre, dann hätte er sich sagen müssen: Wenn die Vorstellung wirklich nur das von uns vorgestellte Bild ist, dann muß man sie in sich verarbeiten; wenn der Wille wirklich in den Dingen ist, dann muß man mit dem Willen in die Dinge untertauchen, nicht bloß beschreiben, wie der Wille in den Dingen ist.

Sie sehen wieder ein Beispiel dafür, wie ein bedeutsamer Philosoph des 19. Jahrhunderts die Menschen vor die Pforte der Einweihung, vor die Geisteswissenschaft bringt, und wie dieser Philosoph dann alles tut, um den Menschen dann diese Pforte zu verschließen. Wo man das Leben anfaßt, überall zeigt es sich, daß unsere Zeit reif ist, die Früchte der Geisteswissenschaft zu pflücken. Man muß nur wirklich die Dinge ernst, tief ernst nehmen. Vor allen Dingen muß man verstehen, die Leute beim Wort zu nehmen; denn die Geisteswissenschaft ist gar nicht darauf angewiesen, daß sie selber ihr Recht verteidigt. Das tun eigentlich die anderen, ihre Gegner, am allermeisten. Aber sie wissen es nicht, sie haben keine Ahnung davon.

Nehmen Sie eine gewisse Sorte Menschen, die es im 19. Jahrhundert so vielfach gegeben hat: die atomistischen Materialisten, diejenigen Menschen, die sich vorgestellt haben, allen Erscheinungen des Lebens liegen Bewegungen der Atome zugrunde, so daß sie sich vorgestellt haben, hinter all dieser sichtbaren und hörbaren Welt ist eine Welt der Atome in Bewegung, und durch diese Bewegung entstehen die Prozesse, die wir als den Schein, der da ist, wahrnehmen. Nichts Geistiges ist vorhanden, das Geistige ist bloß ein Produkt der Atombewegung. Atomwirkungen also allüberall.

Ja, wie entstehen denn die Gedanken von den Atomwirbeln? Hat sie jemand gesehen? Hat sie jemand durch seine Erlebnisse, durch seine Erfahrungen gefunden? Wäre das der Fall, dann wären sie nicht dasjenige, was sie sein sollen: sie sollen ja hinter der Erfahrung stehen. Wenn sie eine Realität hätten, durch was müßten sie gefunden werden? Nehmen wir an, die Atombewegungen wären da. Der Verstand kann sie aus den Sinneswahrnehmungen nicht herausschälen. Was müßte der Mensch haben, damit er von dieser Atomwelt reden könnte? Hellsehen müßte er haben. Die ganze Atomwelt müßte ein Produkt des inneren Schauens, der Hellseherkraft sein. Und man kann nur den Leuten, die als Materialisten des 19. Jahrhunderts aufgetreten sind, sagen: Wir brauchen nicht zu beweisen, daß es Hellseher gibt, denn entweder müßt ihr von all euren Theorien schweigen oder ihr müßt zugeben, daß ihr Hellseher seid, um diese Dinge wahrzunehmen, wenigstens in dem Grade, daß ihr hinter der Sinnenwelt die Atome wahrnehmen könnt. Denn es hat keinen Sinn, von der materialistischen Atomwelt zu sprechen, wenn es nicht Hellseherkräfte gibt. Wenn ihr eine Notwendigkeit findet, es müsse eine Atombewegung geben, dann beweist ihr uns, daß es Hellseher gibt.

So nimmt man die Leute ernst, obgleich sie sich selber nicht ernst nehmen, wenn sie so etwas sagen. Wenn man Schopenhauer ernst nimmt, so folgert man: Wenn du sagst, die Welt ist Wille, und das, was wir als Vorstellung haben, sind nur Bilder, so müßtest du in die Welt mit dem Willen hinunterdringen, und durch Meditation und Konzentration in das Denken hinunterdringen. Wir nehmen dich ernst; du nimmst dich aber nicht ernst. — So ist es im Grunde mit all den Dingen, die in dieser Richtung in Betracht kommen.

Darinnen liegt das tief Bedeutsame der geisteswissenschaftlichen Weltanschauung, daß sie dasjenige, was die anderen nicht ernst nehmen, über das sie oberflächlich hinweggehen, ernst nimmt. Die Beweise sind immer bei dem Gegner der Geisteswissenschaft zu finden. Aber die Menschen merken gar nicht, daß sie mit ihren Behauptungen, mit dem, was sie denken, im Grunde genommen das, was sie denken, zugleich vernichten. Denn der materialistische Atomist und auch Schopenhauer vernichten dasjenige, was sie behaupten, durch ihre eigene Behauptung.

Schopenhauer vernichtet sein eigenes System mit der Behauptung: Alles ist Wille und Vorstellung. - In dem Augenblicke aber, wo er nicht stehenbleiben will, muß er die Menschen zu der geisteswissenschaftlichen Entwickelung führen. Nicht wir machen die geisteswissenschaftliche Weltanschauung. Wie macht sich in der Welt die geisteswissenschaftliche Weltanschauung? Sie tritt herein, ist überall in der Welt da. Sie tritt durch unbekannte Pforten und Fenster in das Leben herein, und sie wird, auch wenn die anderen sie nicht ernstlich wahrnehmen, den Weg in das Kulturleben der Menschheit hinein finden.

Aber etwas anderes kann noch erkannt werden, wenn man wirklich durch solche Betrachtungen hingewiesen wird darauf, wie wenig tief die Menschen in ihre eigenen geistigen Prozesse hinuntersteigen, wie wenig die Menschen im tieferen Sinne sich selber ernst nehmen, selbst wenn sie geistvolle, tiefe Philosophen sind. Die Menschen weben gleichsam ein Vorstellungsgewebe; aber sie scheuen davor zurück, mit diesem Vorstellungsgewebe wirklich eine innere Lebensarbeit zu vollbringen, die sie weiterführt im Erleben desjenigen, was die Grundkräfte der Welt sind. So sehen wir, daß die Jahrhunderte, auf die gestern wieder hingedeutet worden ist, in denen die äußere Naturwissenschaft ihre großen Triumphe gefeiert hat, zugleich diejenigen sind, die den Menschen in ein oberflächliches Denken hineingebracht haben. Je glorreicher die Entwickelung der Naturwissenschaft ist, desto oberflächlicher ist das in die Quellen des Daseins eindringende Forschen geworden.

Man kann sich an geradezu glänzend beweisenden Beispielen über diese Sache, die eben berührt worden ist, unterrichten. Nehmen wir einmal an, wir erleben es an einem Menschen, daß er, nachdem er eine Zeitlang sich nicht gekümmert hat um die geistige Welt, einen Umschwung erfährt, derart, daß er anfängt sich zu bekümmern um die geistige Welt, daß er die Sehnsucht bekommt, von der geistigen Welt etwas zu wissen. Nehmen wir an, wir erleben das, wenn wir hineingedrungen sind in die Geisteswissenschaft. Was wird uns dann Bedürfnis sein, wenn wir erleben, wie ein Mensch, der sich nicht bekümmert hat um die geistige Welt, der im Alltäglichen dahingelebt hat und sich jetzt wie an einem Kreuzwege des Lebens befindet, sich nun der geistigen Welt zuwendet? Es wird uns interessieren, was in der Seele eines solchen Menschen vor sich gegangen ist. Wir werden so oft als möglich in die Seele eines solchen Menschen hineinzukommen versuchen, und uns wird es dann nützlich sein zu wissen, was hier oftmals betont worden ist, daß der Spruch, der so häufig angewendet wird «Die Natur macht keine Sprünge» total falsch ist. Die Natur macht überall Sprünge. Wenn das grüne Blatt sich verwandelt in das helle Blütenblatt, macht die Natur einen Sprung; und wenn sie den Menschen, der sich nicht um das Geistige gekümmert hat, so verändert, daß er sich bekümmert um die Geisteswissenschaft, so ist das etwas Ähnliches wie ein Sprung, und wir werden danach suchen, was dieses bewirkt hat. Wir-werden über die verschiedenen geistigen Quellen, über die wir auch schon an diesem Orte gesprochen haben, einige Aufschlüsse gewinnen und sehen, wie ein solches vor sich gehen kann. .

Wir werden uns dabei fragen: Wie alt war der Mensch? - Wir wissen, daß von sieben zu sieben Jahren immer Neues im Menschenwesen geboren wird. Vom siebenten Jahre ab der Ätherleib, vom vierzehnten Jahre ab der Astralleib und so weiter. Wir werden alles das, was wir über den ätherischen Leib und über den astralischen Leib wissen, zusammennehmen, und namentlich werden wir es innerlich und nicht äußerlich nehmen; dann werden wir manchen Aufschluß gewinnen können über das, was in einer solchen Menschenseele vorgeht.

Man kann auch anders vorgehen. Man kann Interesse gewinnen für die Tatsache, daß Menschen aus einem äußeren Leben plötzlich übergehen zu einem Leben, das sich interessiert für die geistigen Wahrheiten, für religiöse Vertiefungen. Ein Mann kann die Geisteswissenschaft für törichte Phantasterei halten, und wenn man nachforscht in ihm, was im Inneren der Seele vorgeht, kann man finden, was ihn dazu veranlaßt, sie für Narretei zu halten. Aber man kann dann folgendes tun: man schreibe, sagen wir, hundertzweiundneunzig oder noch mehr Briefe an Leute, von denen einem gesagt worden ist, daß sie eine solche UmwandJung durchgemacht haben. Man schreibe nach einem ganzen Kontinente solche Briefe und lasse sich als Antwort aufschreiben, was bei ihnen vorgelegen hat, das die Umwandlung im Leben bewirkte. Da bekommt man die verschiedensten Antworten. Der eine schreibt: Als ich vierzehn Jahre alt war, hat mich mein Leben zu Exzessen geführt, mein Vater hat sich geärgert darüber und hat mich gründlich verhauen; und der hat mir eine Empfindung eingehauen für dasjenige, was die geistige Welt ist. Die anderen behaupten: Ich habe einen Menschen sterben gesehen. Nehmen Sie also an, man hätte hundertzweiundneunzig Briefe bekommen und legte sie stoßweise übereinander. Man macht einen Stoß von den Briefen, in denen die Schreiber gesagt haben, daß sie aus Furcht vor dem Tode oder aus Furcht vor der Hölle solche Dinge aufgenommen haben; man macht einen zweiten Stoß, worin behauptet wird, daß sie gute Menschen gesehen oder sie nachgeahmt haben, einen dritten Stoß und so weiter. Bei solchen Stößen muß man oft leichtgeschürzt Dinge zusammenfassen. Dann macht man noch einen Stoß: für andere, egozentrische Motive. Und jetzt bekommt man das Folgende: Diese hundertzweiundneunzig Briefe hat man sortiert. Man hat abgezählt, wieviel Briefe auf jedem Stoße sind, und dann kann man, nach einer einfachen Rechnung, herausbringen, wieviel Prozent auf jeden der einzelnen Stöße entfallen. Da kann man herausbekommen zum Beispiel, daß vierzehn Prozent solche Umänderungen durchgemacht haben, die herrühren aus der Furcht vor dem Tode oder aus der Furcht vor der Hölle; sechs Prozent, die herrühren aus anderen egozentrischen Motiven; fünf Prozent, weil in ihnen durch irgend etwas altruistische Gefühle Platz gegriffen haben; siebzehn Prozent streben nach einem sittlichen Ideale vermutlich solche, die mit der Gesellschaft für ethische Kultur zusammengehangen haben -, sechzehn Prozent durch Gewissensbisse, zehn Prozent durch Befolgung der Lehren bezüglich des Guten, dreizehn Prozent durch Nachahmung von anderen Menschen, die man als religiös befunden hat, neunzehn Prozent durch gesellschaftlichen Druck, Nötigung und so weiter.

Also man kann so vorgehen, daß man versucht, sich liebevoll zu versenken in eine Seele, die sich so bekannt hat, man kann versuchen, ihr Inneres zu erforschen; dazu braucht man die Geisteswissenschaft. Oder man macht es so, wie ich es eben beschrieben habe. Derjenige, der es so. gemacht hat, ist ein gewisser Starbuck, und er hat daraufhin ein aufsehenerregendes Buch geschrieben über solche Dinge. Das ist die allerweitgehendste Veräußerlichung einer Sache, das ist das Gegenteil von dem, wovon man in der Geisteswissenschaft eine Empfindung haben muß. Die Geisteswissenschaft versucht überall, in das Innere der Dinge zu dringen. Die Tendenz, die gekommen ist durch den materialistischen Zeitcharakter, nimmt selbst das religiöse Leben schon so an, daß es die beliebte, berühmte Statistik darauf anwendet. Denn das ist unanfechtbare Forschung, wie man uns klar und deutlich zeigt. Sie hat eine Eigenschaft, die diejenigen gerade lieben, die nicht in die Pforte der Geisteswissenschaft hineingehen wollen. Von ihr kann man wahrhaftig sagen: sie ist leicht, sehr leicht.

Wir haben es gestern schon betont, warum so viele an die Geisteswissenschaft nicht herangehen wollen: sie ist ihnen zu schwer. Von dieser Statistik kann man sagen: sie ist leicht, wahrhaftig recht leicht. Nun, man treibt ja heute auch experimentelle Seelenwissenschaft. Ich müßte Ihnen vieles erzählen von dieser experimentellen Seelenwissenschaft, wenn ich Ihnen einen Begriff davon geben sollte. Experimentalpsychologie nennt man sie. Man verspricht sich äußerlich viel davon. Ich will nur den Anfang, den man gemacht hat mit Experimenten, einmal charakterisieren. Nehmen wir an, wir setzen zehn Kinder vor uns hin, und nun schreibt man vor diesen zehn Kindern, sagen wir, einen Satz auf: Durch An...er...man...vieles... Jetzt nimmt man die Uhr und sagt: Du, sage mir, wie du das liest. Das Kind weiß noch nichts, es denkt nach und endlich kommt es darauf: «Durch Anstrengung erreicht man vieles.» Und jetzt notiert man rasch, wieviel Zeit das Kind dazu gebraucht hat, um den Satz zu lesen. Man muß viele Sätze selbstverständlich haben, denn man hat Mühe, das zu lesen. Nach und nach wird das dann auch in kürzerer Zeit gemacht. Dann notiert man, wieviele Sekunden der eine, und wieviele Sekunden der zweite und so weiter brauchte, um so einen Satz zu ergänzen. Dann rechnet man bei den Kindern die Prozente aus und behandelt diese dann weiter statistisch. Man prüft so die Anpassungsfähigkeit an das Äußere und auch an manches andere. Diese Methode der Experimentalpsychologie trägt einen vornehmen Namen, sie heißt «Intelligenzprüfung», während die andere Methode heißt: «Prüfung der religiösen Natur des Menschen auf experimentellem Wege.»

Sehen Sie, meine lieben Freunde, dasjenige, was ich Ihnen hier mit einigen Strichen vorführe, ist nichts, worüber man lachen kann, denn es gibt viel mehr Lehrkanzeln der Philosophie heute, wo man dieses als Zukunft der Seelenwissenschaft betrachtet, als es solche Lehrkanzeln der Philosophie gibt, die irgendwie auch nur im leisesten Maße ernst nehmen dasjenige, was, ich will nicht sagen, wir betreiben, sondern, was man früher, durch innere Beobachtung der Seele, gefunden hat. Experimentieren muß man heute.

Das sind Beispiele, wie man heute experimentiert, und das hat großen Anhang in der Welt. Dazu werden physikalische oder auch chemische Laboratorien eingerichtet; eine unendliche Literatur darüber gibt es. Ja man kann sogar das erleben, was ich nur als eine Episode erwähnen will; man kann erleben, daß ein Freund von uns, ein Vorsitzender eines unserer Zweige, eines unserer nördlichen Zweige, sich anschickte, für eine Universität eine Doktorabhandlung zu machen. Er bemühte sich selbstverständlich - man bemüht sich ja auch, wenn man zu Kindern spricht, ihrem Verständnisse entsprechend zu sprechen -, er bemühte sich, alles dasjenige, was er aus der Geisteswissenschaft gewonnen hatte, aus der Abhandlung draußen zu lassen. Das wurde alles herausgelassen. Aber nun hatte die Prüfung dieser Abhandlung ein Mann unter sich, der in diesen Dingen Fachmann war, der also alle diese Methoden sozusagen im kleinen Finger hatte. Der nahm die Abhandlung gar nicht an. Es ist das ein Fall, mit dem sich sogar der Storting beschäftigt hat. Der Mann, der Experimentalpsychologe ist, ist fest überzeugt davon, daß er auf dem wissenschaftlichen Boden der Gegenwart mit seiner Seelenwissenschaft steht, und daß diese die Zukunft haben wird.

Es soll gar nicht einmal irgend etwas Besonderes gesagt werden gegen diese Experimentalpsychologie. Denn warum sollte es nicht interessant sein, das auch einmal zu erfahren. Gewiß, das alles ist recht interessant, man kann das alles machen. Aber es kommt darauf an, wie man diese Dinge in das Leben hineinstellt, und ob man sie dazu benützt, um tot zu treten, was wirkliche Geisteswissenschaft ist, was wirkliche Erkenntnis der Seele ist. Immer wieder muß betont werden: nicht wir wollen es sein, die ablehnen, was von den Leuten getrieben wird, die ihrer Fähigkeit nach die Seele untersuchen, wie sie das Sinnliche untersuchen und die Registrierung vornehmen nach der Methode bei den hundertzweiundneunzig Antworten. Es entspricht dieses zwar den Fähigkeiten der Menschen, aber in Erwägung müssen wir ziehen, in welche Welt sich heute die Geisteswissenschaft hineinstellt. Klar müssen wir uns darüber sein.

Ich weiß sehr gut, daß Leute nun kommen können und sagen: Der hat wiederum furchtbar geschimpft auf die Experimentalpsychologie; er läßt kein gutes Haar an ihr! - Das mögen die Leute ebenso tun, wie sie es tun mögen, wenn sie sagen: Ihr habt hier um die Osterzeit den Goetheschen «Faust» verschimpfiert und Goethe in Grund und Boden hinein kritisiert! — Menschen, die nicht begreifen können, daß Charakterisieren etwas anderes ist, als das im äußerlichen Sinne geübte Kritisieren, die werden immer solche Dinge mißverstehen. Indem ich sie charakterisiere, will ich sie hineinstellen in das Gesamtgebiet des menschlichen Lebens. Die Geisteswissenschaft ist nicht dazu angetan, Kritik zu üben, und das, was gesagt worden ist, kann auch keine Kritik sein.

Christlich soll aber sein dasjenige, was solche Menschen, die keine Wissenschaftler sind, tun gegenüber dem, was wahre Geisteswissenschaft ist.

Ein anderes ist es, einen klaren Blick zu haben. Und so kommt man, wenn man auf die Wissenschaft hinsieht, zu der Einsicht, wie sie, ich möchte sagen, das ganze menschliche Streben veräußerlicht, wie sie selbst in bezug auf religiöse Bekehrung nicht auf das Innere sieht, sondern von außen ansieht den Menschen.

Im praktischen Leben ist der Mensch nicht so sehr gläubig. Die Statistiken der Versicherungsgesellschaften - ich habe das schon angeführt — rechnen aus, wann man ungefähr sterben wird. Ich will sagen, man kann ausrechnen für einen achtzehnjährigen Menschen, wann er ungefähr sterben wird, weil er einer Gruppe von Menschen angehört, unter denen so und so viele in gewissen Jahren sterben. Danach macht man die Versicherungsquoten, und die verteilt man dann ganz richtig. Da stimmt dann das ganz gut. Aber wenn die Menschen im gewöhnlichen Leben sich vorbereiten wollten zum Tode in dem Jahre, für das die Versicherungsgesellschaft ihren wahrscheinlichen Tod ausgerechnet hat, so würde man sie für Narren halten. Das System entscheidet nichts für das Leben. Ebensowenig hat die Statistik etwas mit der Bekehrung zu tun.

In all diese Dinge muß man hineinsehen. Dadurch ringt man sich zu einem Gefühle durch, in dem die Intuitionserkenntnis darinnen ist. Von besonderer Schwierigkeit aber wird es sein, wirklich in die heutige Weltkultur hineinzubringen dasjenige, was, ich möchte sagen, der Gipfelpunkt unserer Geisteswissenschaft ist: die Christus-Erkenntnis. Christus-Erkenntnis ist dasjenige, wozu uns, als Reinstes, Heiligstes und Höchstes, hinführt dasjenige, was wir in der Geisteswissenschaft haben. In vielen Vorträgen versuchte ich klarzumachen, wie gerade in unserer Zeit der durch das Mysterium von Golgatha in die Welt gekommene Christus-Impuls durch das Instrument der Geisteswissenschaft den menschlichen Seelen zugänglich gemacht werden muß. Auf den verschiedensten Wegen versuchte ich klarzumachen die Art und Weise, wie der Christus-Impuls gewirkt hat. Denken Sie nur an die Vorträge über die Jungfrau von Orleans, Konstantin und so weiter. Auf den verschiedensten Wegen versuchte ich klarzumachen, wie der Christus-Impuls in den verflossenen Jahrhunderten mehr ins Unbewußte hineingezogen worden ist, wie wir aber jetzt in einer Zeit leben, wo er viel bewußter in das menschliche Leben hineintreten muß, wo eine wirkliche Erkenntnis von dem Mysterium von Golgatha kommen muß. Nicht wird man dieses Mysterium von Golgatha erkennen lernen können, wenn man nicht solche Vorstellungen, wie sie berührt wurden bei der Osterfeier - von dem Christus im Zusammenhange mit dem Luzifer und Ahriman -, übernimmt und sie geisteswissenschaftlich durchdringt.

Wir leben in einer ungeheuer schweren Zeit, in einer Zeit der Schmerzen und Leiden. Sie wissen ja, ich kann nicht über etwas diese Zeit Charakterisierendes sprechen, aus dem Grunde, den ich schon angeführt habe. Ich will das auch nicht; ich will von einer ganz anderen Seite her etwas berühren, was im Zusammenhange mit der heutigen Betrachtung steht.

Diese Zeit der Schmerzen und Leiden hat manches in den Menschenseelen wachgerufen, und derjenige, der mitlebt diese Zeit, der sich: bekümmert um das, was vorgeht, wird bemerken, daß in unserer Zeit nach einer Seite hin eine große Vertiefung der Menschenseelen eintritt, von Menschenseelen, die darinnenstehen in den gegenwärtigen Ereignissen und die früher ganz fern gestanden haben allem religiösen Leben, deren Empfinden und Fühlen recht matersalistisch war. Man kann heute immer wieder und wieder in ihren brieflichen und sonstigen Kundgebungen finden, wie sie durch das schmerzliche Darinnenstehen in den heutigen Zeitereignissen ihre religiösen Empfindungen wiedergefunden haben.

Das ist das Charakteristische, daß von Gott und von einer göttlichen Ordnung Leute zu reden anfangen, denen diese Worte früher nicht über die Lippen gekommen sind. Wirklich, in dieser Hinsicht erlebt man heute bei den Leuten, die in den Ereignissen darinnenstehen, eine unendliche religiöse Vertiefung.

Aber eine Tatsache hat man mit Recht hervorgehoben; sie ist ebenso klar wie dasjenige, was ich jetzt gesagt habe. Nehmen Sie das Charakteristische aus den Briefen, die von den Schlachtfeldern geschrieben worden sind und in denen man die eben charakterisierte Vertiefung des Gefühls finden kann: da sagen sie vieles über die Art, wie sie ihren Gott wiedergefunden haben, aber fast gar nichts - es haben dies nur wenige bemerkt -, fast gar nichts von Christus. Von Gott reden hört man, aber nichts von Christus.

Das ist eine sehr bedeutsame Tatsache. In der abstrakten Form der Gottes-Idee tritt in unserer Zeit des schweren Leides und der schweren Schmerzen an manchen ein religiöses Gefühl heran. Von einer ebensolchen Vertiefung des Christus-Empfindens kann man fast nicht reden. Ich sage «fast». Natürlich kommt es an einzelnen Stellen vor; aber im großen und ganzen ist die Sache so, wie ich sie charakterisiert habe. Daraus aber können Sie sehen, wie unsere Zeit selbst da, wo es den Menschenseelen naheliegt, mit der geistigen Welt wieder Beziehung zu suchen, wie unsere Zeit es schwer hat, zu demjenigen hingeführt zu werden, was wir den Christus-Impuls, das Mysterium von Golgatha nennen.

Dazu ist es notwendig, daß die menschliche Seele sich aufschwingt zu einer Vorstellung von der Gesamtheit der Menschheit. Dazu ist es notwendig, daß wir nicht bloß Gemeinschaft pflegen mit dem, was mit uns eine Zeitlang lebt, sondern daß wir unseren geistigen Blick hinwenden zu allen Zeiten und Wesen, wie wir als Seelen durch verschiedene Erdenleben gegangen sind, durch verschiedene Zeiten gegangen sind. Dann steigt uns allmählich die gewaltige Notwendigkeit in der Seele auf, zu erkennen, wie eine absteigende und eine aufsteigende Entwickelung in der Menschheit vorhanden ist. Man muß sich mit der Menschheit in der Zeitenentwickelung eins fühlen, man muß zurückblicken zur ErdenUrentstehung, die absteigende und die aufsteigende Entwickelung ins Auge fassen, in deren Mitte das Mysterium von Golgatha steht, mit der gesamten Menschheit sich verbunden fühlen, sich verbunden fühlen mit dem Mysterium von Golgatha.

Dem räumlichen Kosmos steht die Menschenseele heute näher als dem zeitlichen Kosmos, demjenigen, was sich in der Aufeinanderfolge der Entwickelungsstadien entfaltet hat. Dazu aber werden wir geführt, wenn wir uns durch die Geisteswissenschaft einverleibt fühlen dem gesamten Entwickelungsgange der Menschheit. Denn dann können wir nicht anders als einsehen, daß ein solcher Punkt in der Menschheitsentwickelung vorhanden war, wo etwas herangetreten war an diese Menschheitsentwickelung, das nicht bloß durch menschliche Kraft hineinkommen konnte. Es mußte hereinkommen in die Menschheitsentwickelung dadurch, daß von der geistigen Welt selber, durch einen menschlichen Leib, ein Impuls in die Erdenentwickelung hineingedrungen ist, der vorhanden war im Beginne der christlichen Zeitrechnung. Es war eine Berührung des Himmels mit der Erde.

Hier rühren wir an etwas, was durch die Geisteswissenschaft dem religiösen Leben wird einverleibt werden müssen. Berührt wird hier, wie die Geisteswissenschaft sich in die Gefühle der Menschen wird hineinsenken müssen, damit diese Menschen in Zusammenhang kommen mit dem Mysterium von Golgatha und den Christus-Impuls in solcher Weise finden, daß sie ihn nicht nur für ihr unbestimmtes Fühlen, sondern auch für ihr klares Bewußtsein nicht mehr verlieren können. Die Geisteswissenschaft wird arbeiten. Wir haben die Notwendigkeit dieses Arbeitens erkannt und oftmals betont, und im Grunde genommen sitzen Sie alle da, um zu dokumentieren, daß Sie alle in dieser geisteswissenschaftlichen Bewegung mit ganzem Herzen mitarbeiten wollen. Und wenn in der Zukunft wieder schwere Zeiten über die Menschheit hereinbrechen werden, dann möge die Geisteswissenschaft schon die Gelegenheit gefunden haben, daß eine Vertiefung der Menschenseelen verbunden sein kann nicht bloß mit dem abstrakten GottesBewußtsein, sondern mit dem konkreten, historischen ChristusBewußtsein.

Es ist einmal die Zeit, in der ernste Empfindungen in uns angeregt werden können. Aber wir sollen es auch nicht vermeiden, solche ernsten, ich möchte sagen, heiligen Empfindungen in uns anzuregen. Dadurch sollten sich diejenigen, die in unserer geisteswissenschaftlichen Bewegung stehen, unterscheiden von den Menschen, die noch nicht durch ihr Karma dieser geisteswissenschaftlichen Bewegung nähergetreten sind, daß die Bekenner der Geisteswissenschaft alles, was in der Welt vorgeht, das Äußerlichste und das Tiefste, in gründlich ernster Weise ergreifen.

Bedenken Sie, wie wichtig es ist, im gewöhnlichen Leben einzusehen, daß wir mit unserem gewöhnlichen, an das Nervensystem gebundenen Verstand und unserer Vernunft eigentlich außerhalb desjenigen sind, was uns zumeist interessiert im gewöhnlichen physischen Erleben, und daß wir daher, so wie es da ist, wie es der oben hypothetisch angenommene Rechtsanwalt zustande bringt, uns eigentlich mit unserem Denken fremd sind, uns selbst fremd sind. Indem wir aber an die Geisteswissenschaft herantreten, gewinnen wir ein «außerleibliches» Herz, wie wir es gestern ausgeführt haben; es wird wieder mit Innigkeit und Seelenhaftigkeit durchdrungen dasjenige, was wir durchdenken. Wir können nur dadurch nach den verschiedenen Richtungen unseren an den Leib gebundenen Verstand und unsere Vernunft gebrauchen, daß wir nicht dasjenige hinaustragen, wodurch wir im Tiefsten verbunden sind mit den Sphären, in denen wir drinnenstehen mit unserem Denken. Durch die Geisteswissenschaft werden wir das hinaustragen, und wir werden mit dem, was wir denken, mit unserem Verstande und unserer Vernunft, Menschen der Wahrheit werden, wirklich Menschen der Wahrheit werden. Und das Leben braucht Menschen der Wahrheit. Dasjenige, was man sich bescheinen läßt von der Sonne der Geisteswissenschaft, das wächst mit uns zusammen, weil wir zusammenwachsen mit Wesen der höheren Hierarchien. Menschen der Wahrheit müssen wir werden durch die Geisteswissenschaft! Dann ist unser Denken nicht so beschaffen, daß wir es anwenden wie der Rechtsanwalt, von dem beide Parteien verteidigt sein könnten. Menschen der Wahrheit werden wir, indem wir mit den geistigen Wahrheiten eins werden. Und indem wir die Möglichkeit finden, unseren Willen so aufzufassen, wie es heute charakterisiert worden ist, werden wir den Weg finden in das Innere der Dinge. Dadurch nicht, daß wir im Schopenhauerschen Sinne von dem Willen in der Natur reden, sondern dadurch, daß wir uns mit unserem Willen in die Dinge hineinleben und in den Dingen kraften.

Damit berühren wir aber etwas, was unserer Gegenwart so ungeheuer fehlt: das liebevolle Sich-Vertiefen in das Wesen der Dinge. Dieses fehlt unserer gegenwärtigen Zeit so ungeheuer. Ich möchte sagen: man muß es im Leben immer wieder eigentlich bitter erfahren, wie diese Neigung, den Willen hineinzuversenken in das Wesen der Dinge, den Menschen fehlt.

Wenn ich eine scheinbar unbedeutende Tatsache vor Ihnen hier vorbringe, eine Tatsache, die scheinbar wie eine persönliche Bemerkung aussieht, so betrachten Sie dies wahrhaft nicht in dem richtigen Sinne, wenn Sie glauben, daß ich eine persönliche Bemerkung machen will. Sie soll keine persönliche Bemerkung sein, sondern könnte unter Umständen bedeutungsvoll sein für manches, was so in der Auffassung herumspukt, auch innerhalb unserer Kreise. Gewiß, es ist mir im höchsten Grade wenig sympathisch, solche Bemerkungen zu machen; und würden sie nur gemacht, gleichsam um auszudrücken, daß ich selber etwas überflüssig finde, so würden sie nicht gemacht werden. Aber allmählich muß sich, immer mehr und mehr, eine gewisse Anschauung, eine Empfindung verbreiten für das Ernste, das als ein tiefer Impuls unserer Bewegung jeden einzelnen unserer Bekenner durchdringen und beherrschen soll. Es braucht sich deshalb niemand getroffen zu fühlen, wenn ich eine solche Bemerkung mache; sie wird nicht gemacht aus persönlichen Gründen, sondern um wieder einmal hinzuweisen auf etwas, das, wenn man es durchdenkt, aufmerksam macht auf den Ernst, den man so gern mit unserer Bewegung verbunden wissen möchte. Denn gerade an diesem Orte, wo es möglich war, mit unserem Bau ein äußeres Zeichen aufzustellen, möchte man so sehr, daß die richtige Empfindung herrsche von dem, was unmittelbar gar nicht sagbar ist, was aber empfunden werden sollte von jedem einzelnen, der zu den Bekennern unserer Bewegung gehört.

Sehen Sie, es ist dazu gekommen - ich berühre diese Sache nicht gerne hier an diesem Orte -, nachdem ich versucht habe, in den ersten Monaten unserer schweren Zeit, dies oder jenes den Seelen nahe zu bringen, daß sich Dinge ereignet haben - ich will nur so sagen -, die es unbedingt notwendig machen, ein objektives, unserer Bewegung angemessenes Wort über unsere Zeitereignisse gar nicht mehr zu sprechen. Daß dieses im Grunde schmerzlich ist, und daß es schmerzlich ist, eine solche Summe von Mißverständnissen pulsieren zu fühlen durch unsere Bewegung, das darf aufrichtig und ehrlich gestanden werden.

Ich berühre diese Dinge, weil sie zusammenhängen gerade mit derjenigen Frage, die heute gestreift werden mußte. Gestreift wurde die Frage, wie fremd wir uns im innersten Wesen bleiben mit unserem Denken, und warum das so ist. Es genügt nicht, wenn wir bloß in dieses Denken aufnehmen dasjenige, was herausquellen kann aus der geisteswissenschaftlichen Anschauung. Wir müssen dasjenige, was aus der geisteswissenschaftlichen Anschauung herausquillt, aufnehmen in dem Sinne, daß es in unseren Willen hineingeht. Aber dieser Wille - ich habe gesagt, wie er intim zusammenhängt mit dem, was in unserem Leibe pulsiert -, dieser Wille ist widerspenstiger als der Gedanke. Ein Teil der Geisteswissenschaft, der in Gedanken aufgenommen werden kann, wird bisweilen recht wenig aufgenommen. Der Teil aber, der auch in den Willen hineingehen sollte, wird bis zu einem schlimmen Grade mißverstanden. Gerade ich mußte es schmerzlich erfahren: Während draußen in der Welt vom Autoritätsglauben geredet wird, der bei uns herrschen soll, ist hier vieles mißverstanden und mißausgelegt worden, da, wo es ein wenig darauf angekommen wäre, einzusehen, auf welch sorgfältig erworbenen Erkenntnissen dasjenige beruht, was vorgebracht wurde.

Nun, ich weiß nicht, aus welchem Grunde mir gestern zugegangen ist eine Broschüre, die geschrieben ist von einem gewissen Church. Sollte sie aber aus dem Kreise unserer anthroposophischen Freunde mir von Arlesheim zugeschickt sein, und vielleicht gar in der Absicht, damit ich sie lesen soll zu dem Zwecke, um zu sehen, was irgend jemand meinen kann über unsere heutigen Zeitereignisse, dann müßte ich - obgleich es bei diesem Beispiel nicht zuzutreffen braucht, bei anderen aber wohl sagen: Ich würde, wenn diese Broschüre mir zugeschickt worden wäre zu dem Zwecke, daß ich Kenntnis nehmen sollte von dem, was einer denkt, in der Form, wie es in der Broschüre steht, hervorheben müssen, daß ich diese Übersendung deplaciert und unanständig finde. Ohne Kritik sage ich das. Ist sie geschickt worden, um ein Beispiel zu geben, wie einer die Geschichte fälscht, ist mir die Broschüre in dieser Absicht geschickt worden, so ist das allerdings etwas anderes. Aber nicht alles geschieht in dieser Absicht. So möchte ich anknüpfen an diese Broschüre, worin jemand über heutige Zeitereignisse Urteile fällt, die auf nichts anderem aufgebaut sind als auf frivolster Geschichtsfälschung.

Dasjenige, worüber wir hinauskommen müssen auf unserem Boden, das ist: Fälschung objektiver Tatsachen. Das ist aber gerade dasjenige, was in der Gegenwart in so ausgedehntem Maße gemacht wird. Derjenige, der nichts weiß von den Dingen, die vorangegangen sind, der Dinge behauptet, von denen man so leicht nachweisen kann geschichtlich, wie falsch sie sind, wie jener Mister Church, der sollte nicht zu Worte kommen dürfen da, wo ernste Dinge von ernsten Menschen auch nur gedacht werden.

Wenn ein solches Wort, meine lieben Freunde, gesprochen wird, so ist es, ich möchte sagen, als Exempel aufzufassen, wirklich nicht wegen dieser Einzelheit, die an sich höchst unbedeutend ist. Aber diese Einzelheit ist ein Symptom, und wir sollen über solche Symptome nachdenken, damit wir hineinkommen, immer tiefer und tiefer, in das ganze Tiefe, das unsere geistige Bewegung durchdringen muß. Und diese unsere geistige Bewegung wird uns ganz besonders in die Seele hineinleuchten, wenn wir uns bekanntmachen mit dem, was selbst diejenigen heute noch nicht finden können, die aus bewegtem Herzen mitten darinnenstehen in den schwersten Zeitereignissen und nach den Werten der geistigen Welt suchen. Die Geisteswissenschaft muß uns nach und nach die Etappen aufbauen, die hinaufführen zu einem unverlierbaren Verständnisse des Mysteriums von Golgatha. Dieses Mysterium von Golgatha ist der Sinn der Erde. Und den Sinn der Erde zu verstehen, muß das höchste Streben sein dessen, der sich nach und nach in die Geisteswissenschaft hineinfindet.

Thirteenth Lecture

Yesterday I drew attention to the way in which human beings can, on the one hand, leave their physical body with the higher members of their being, with the etheric body, the astral body, and the I, and how they then, when they leave their physical body, they take the first steps in initiation and come to realize that what we call human spiritual activity is not something that only comes into being when a person enters initiation, but is in fact always present in everyday life.

We have had to emphasize particularly that the activity which comes to our consciousness through our thoughts actually takes place in the etheric body of the human being, and that this activity taking place in the etheric body, that is, the activity underlying the thought image, comes to our consciousness through its reflection in the physical body. But it is carried out in the soul-spiritual realm, so that when a person stands in the physical world and merely thinks—but thinks truly—he is carrying out a spiritual activity. One can say that it simply does not come to our consciousness as spiritual activity. Just as when we stand in front of a mirror, it is not our face that comes to our consciousness, but its image reflected in the mirror, so in everyday life it is not our thinking that comes to our consciousness, but its reflection, as the content of our thoughts, reflected back to us from the mirror of the physical body. It is different with the will.

So let us consider: that which is expressed in thinking is an activity that does not actually enter our physical organism, that takes place entirely outside our physical organism, that is only reflected back by our physical organism. Let us consider that as human beings we are actually always in our spiritual-soul being. If one wanted to represent this schematically, one could do so as follows:

If (a) represents the physical being of the human being, then thinking actually takes place outside the physical being of the human being, and what we perceive as thoughts are reflected back. So with our thinking we are always outside our physical body, and basically the only spiritual knowledge we have is that we realize this: we are outside our physical body with our thinking.

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It is different with what we call the activity of the will. That really enters into the physical body (a). What we call the activity of the will enters everywhere into our physical body and causes processes and events within it. And the effect of these events is what is brought about by the will as movement in human beings.

We can therefore say that, as human beings standing in the physical world, the fundamental force of the will radiates from the spiritual realm into our organism and performs certain activities in the organism that is enclosed within the skin. We are therefore permeated by the forces of the will between birth and death, while the content of our thoughts does not take place within our organism, but outside it. From this you can conclude that everything that concerns the will is intimately connected with what the human being is in his physical existence between birth and death through his bodily organization. The will is truly intimately connected with us, and all expressions of the will are closely linked to our organization, to our physical human nature, as long as we stand between birth and death. This is why thinking really has a certain character of detachment from the human being, a certain independent character in relation to the human being, which the will can never have.

Try to think thoroughly about the great difference that exists in human life between thinking and what belongs to the will. Spiritual science is particularly suited to shed the most intense light on certain enigmatic questions of life from this point of view. Do we not all see that what we can recognize through spiritual science stands before us in life as questions that we must answer? Consider this: it happens that someone goes to a lawyer with a case. The lawyer listens to the case and takes it on for the client. The lawyer will search for all possible astute reasons, will be as astute as he can be, in order to win the case for his client; he will gather all his intellect and reason to win the case.

What would have happened—I believe life will certainly provide you with the answer—if the opponent had succeeded, I would say, in outdoing the other, if the opponent had come to the same lawyer a few hours earlier? What I am hypothetically assuming happens very often. The lawyer would have listened to the opponent's case and, with all the acumen at his disposal, would have presented all the arguments in defense of his other client, arguments that would be likely to incriminate the former, so to speak. I do not think anyone would be inclined to deny that such a hypothesis could be reality. But what does this assumption prove to us? It proves to us how little, in essence, human beings are connected to their intellect and reason, to their power of thought, since they can use them in the same case to serve one person as well as another. Compare how different this is in all cases where the will of man comes into play, where man is committed to a cause with his feelings and desires. Try to imagine whether a person who, out of the nature of his will, stands up for a cause would be capable of the same if he were to act in the same way. On the contrary, we would consider him mentally unhealthy if this were the case. Man is intimately connected with the will, very intimately connected, because the will radiates into the physical organism and triggers processes in the human physical organism that are directly related to the personality.

So we can say that it is precisely in these facts of life, which must stand so enigmatically before our soul when we think about life at all, that what we can gain through spiritual science shines forth. Spiritual science will be able to enlighten humanity more and more deeply about what happens in everyday life, because everything that happens is dependent on supersensible causes. The most everyday things that happen are so dependent on the supersensible and can only be recognized if we can look up to the supersensible causes.

But now let us suppose that a human being passes through the gate of death with his soul. We must then ask ourselves: What happens to the power of thought, to the power of will? After death has occurred, the power of thought cannot be reflected back by an organism such as we otherwise carry within us between birth and death. For what is significant here is that this organism, everything that is present within us as lying within the surface of the skin, is cast off after death. So the power of thought cannot be reflected back from an organism, but neither can inner processes be triggered by an organism that is no longer there once one has passed through the gate of death. But what the power of thought is remains present, just as a person remains present when they pass in front of a mirror at the moment when they can no longer see themselves in the mirror. During the time when he passes in front of the mirror, his face is reflected back to him; if he had passed by earlier, his reflection would have been reflected back to him earlier. The power of thought is reflected as long as we are alive, in the life of the organism; but it is also there when the human being has left the physical organism.

What happens now? That which is the power of thought cannot be perceived in itself. Just as the eye cannot see itself, the power of thought cannot perceive itself; it must be reflected back from something. But the physical organism is no longer there. Where is the thinking force, or rather that which the thinking force develops within itself as a process, reflected back when the human being has shed his physical organism? Here something occurs which is not entirely accessible to human physical understanding, but which must be understood if we really want to comprehend life between death and a new birth. This can be understood through the teachings of initiation. In initiated knowledge, it is already the case during physical life that the human being does not recognize in the reflection of his body, but outside his body, that he goes out of the body and recognizes without the body, that he thus switches off his body mirror. Those who develop such knowledge within themselves see how what is thought power now comes to consciousness outside the body. It comes to consciousness because the reflection of what comes later is brought about by what came earlier.

So remember well: when the initiated person leaves his body and is outside his body, he does not perceive through his body reflecting something back to him, but he perceives through the fact that the thinking power he now sends out is reflected back to him through what he has thought previously. So you must imagine that what was thought earlier is reflected back by the forces unfolded through thinking when this unfolding takes place outside the body.

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So, I can perhaps put it more precisely: Let us assume that someone enters the state of initiation today. How can he perceive something in this state of initiation through his thinking power? Through the fact that the thought forces he sends out encounter what he thought yesterday, for example. What he thought yesterday remains inscribed in the general world chronicle, which you know as the Akashic Chronicle, and what his thought force develops today is reflected in what he thought yesterday.

From this you can see that the endeavor to make yesterday's thoughts as strong as possible so that they can truly reflect reality must be justified. And this is achieved through strict concentration of the thoughts and through various kinds of meditation, as we have occasionally described in lectures on the knowledge of higher worlds. The thought, which otherwise remains fleeting, is, as it were, condensed and strengthened in the human being so that the human being can then come to the point where the power of thought is reflected in the previously strengthened, condensed thoughts.

And so it is with the consciousness that human beings develop after death. What a person has experienced between birth and death is inscribed in a spiritual way in the great chronicle of time. And just as we cannot hear without ears here in the physical world, so we cannot perceive after death without our life being inscribed in the world with everything we have experienced between birth and death. This is the mirroring apparatus.

I have already drawn attention to this fact in my last Vienna cycle. Our life itself, which we lead here between birth and death, becomes a sense organ for the higher worlds. You do not see your eye, you do not hear your ear, but you see through your eye and you hear through your ear. If you want to perceive something with your eye, you must do so by means of external science. It is the same with the ear. The forces that human beings develop between death and a new birth are predisposed to always radiate back to the earthly life we have lived, to be reflected through it, and then to spread out and be perceived again by the human being who is in the life between death and a new birth.

From this you can see how absurd it is to speak of earthly life as if it were a punishment or something superfluous in relation to the whole of human life. It is absolutely necessary to perceive, to have eyes and ears, so to speak, between death and rebirth. Human beings must fit into this earthly life because it becomes their sense organ in the spiritual world in the life after death.

The difficulty of imagining this lies in the fact that when you think of a sense organ, you imagine something spatial. But space ceases to exist as soon as you pass through the gate of death or through initiation. Space only has meaning for the sensory world. What we enter is time, and just as we use spatial ears and spatial eyes here, we use temporal processes there. These are precisely the processes that take place between birth and death, through which those things that we develop after death are reflected back. In the life between birth and death, everything lies before us, perceptible in space. After death, everything proceeds in time, whereas otherwise everything lives for us, perceptible in space.

The particular difficulty in speaking about spiritual science lies in the fact that, as soon as we turn our gaze upward into the spiritual worlds, we must truly unlearn the entire view that we have developed here for spatial existence; we must completely unlearn the view of space and know that space does not exist there, that everything proceeds in time, and that even the organs are temporal processes. Not only must one relearn if one wants to find one's way into the events of spiritual life, but one must also completely transform oneself, remodel oneself, enliven oneself in such a way that one acquires a completely different way of thinking. And therein lies the difficulty that was pointed out yesterday and that many shy away from, even if they pursue a very astute philosophy of the physical plane. People are attached to their concept of space and cannot find their way into a life that exists solely in time.

I know well that there may be some souls who say to themselves: But I cannot imagine, when I place myself in the spiritual world, that this spiritual world should not be spatially extended. - Certainly, but it is necessary, much more than anything else, that we strive to go beyond the modes of conception of the physical plane if we want to enter the spiritual world. If we repeatedly try to imagine all higher worlds only according to the standards and patterns of the physical, spatial world, then we cannot gain real thoughts about the higher worlds, but at most pictorial thoughts.

This is how it is with thinking. After death, thinking proceeds in such a way that it is reflected in what we have experienced, in what we were in our physical life on earth between birth and death. These experiences we have gone through are, in a sense, our eyes and ears after death. Try to meditate on the meaning of the following meaningful sentence: Your life between birth and death will be used as your eyes and ears; it will give you the organs that you will carry between death and a new birth.

But what about the will? The will causes life processes within us that are limited to the boundaries of our body. It causes life processes within us. The body is not there when a person has passed through the gates of death, but the entire spiritual environment is there. Just as the will with its powers works into the physical organism, so after death this will wants to flow out of the human being everywhere; it pours into the entire environment, in reverse to physical life, where the will works into the human being. You can get an idea of this pouring of the will into the entire environment if you think about what you already have to acquire through meditation in terms of inner willpower if you really want to make progress in the field of spiritual knowledge.

The person who is content to perceive the world merely through the senses sees, for example, a blue color, a blue surface somewhere, or a yellow surface somewhere. The person who wants to remain in the physical world is content with this. We have already spoken about how, even when viewing art, we must go beyond this purely sensory perception of things: how we must practice, for example, experiencing blue as if our will, our mental power, were allowed to enter into space, and as if something could radiate from us into space toward what radiates toward us as blue, something like when we feel devotion, as if we could pour ourselves into space. There, our own being flows into where blue is, and there it flows away. But where yellow is, our own being, the will, does not want to go in; there it is repelled. There it feels that the will cannot pass through and is repelled back into itself.

Those who really want to prepare themselves to develop the powers of their soul that will lead them into the spiritual world must be able to connect what I have just said with something real in their soul life. For example, they must realistically connect the fact that they see a blue surface here with the statement: “It welcomes me kindly; it allows my soul to draw with its forces into indefinite distances. But the surface here, the yellow one, pushes me back; there the forces of my soul return to my own soul as if with needle pricks. But this is true of everything that is perceived by the senses. Everything has such nuances. Our soul's will pours itself into the world, is either repelled or can pour itself out over the world. This can be developed by training one's soul forces on colors or other impressions of the physical world. You can find out how to do this in the book “How to Know Higher Worlds.”

But once you have developed this, once you know what it is like when the forces of the soul continue to vibrate, turn blue—turning blue and progressing are one and the same thing, it is being accepted sympathetically; turning yellow is the same as being rejected, identical with antipathy—then you have these forces within you. Let us say that one has experienced what such a soul nuance is like: being received sympathetically, and now one does not face a physical being at all, but it may be that one allows a spiritual being, to whom we are sympathetic, to flow into oneself through such developed soul forces. In this way we perceive the beings of the higher hierarchies and the elemental world.

I will give you an example, an example that is really not meant to be suggestive, but should be taken as completely objective. One does not need to develop powers solely through the sense of color; one can develop soul powers through everything. Imagine that one strives to feel, through self-knowledge, what it is like in one's own soul when one is really stupid or foolish. In everyday life, one ignores such feelings; one does not bring them to consciousness. But if one wants to develop one's soul, one must have a feeling of how it feels inside when one does something really foolish. And then one notices that when one does something foolish, such soul-will forces radiate out, and they can be thrown back by something outside. But they are thrown back in such a way that, when we feel the rejection, we feel mocked and ridiculed. This is a peculiar experience. If you pay attention to what is going on spiritually around you when you are really stupid, you feel mocked and teased; and now you can develop the feeling of being teased from the spiritual world. If you then go to a place where there are nature spirits, which are called gnomes, you have the power to perceive them. You acquire the power to perceive them only if you develop the feeling within yourself that I have just described. Gnomes behave in such a way that they tease, make all kinds of gestures and grimaces, laugh at you, and so on. But you can only perceive this if you observe yourself being stupid. The point is that through these exercises we acquire intimate powers, that we ourselves submerge ourselves into the environment with our will. Then the whole environment becomes animated, truly animated.

So we can say: While our life between birth and death becomes an organ, a perceptive organ in our spiritual organism, which we carry between death and a new birth, our will participates in the entire spiritual environment in which we are. This is how we see the will shining back in the initiated, for example in gnome-seeing, and in the dead. And when you see gnomes, this is an example of this from the elemental world.

Consider that there was a philosopher who made a great impression on many people in the second half of the 19th century: Schopenhauer. As you know, he also had a great influence on Nietzsche and Richard Wagner. Schopenhauer, like others who trace the world back to other causes, traced the world back to what he called imagination and will. He said: Imagination and will are what underlie the world.

However, influenced by Kant's way of thinking, he found that ideas always remain dream images and that one can never penetrate reality through ideas. Only through the will can one penetrate reality; the will leads us into the reality of things. Schopenhauer now philosophizes impressively about imagination and will. He is, if one may say so, not even on uneven ground. But now he is also one of those whom I have compared to people who go to the gate but stop at the gate and do not want to enter. For if one takes him at his word that the world is imagination and the world is merely a dream image, then one can dispense with recognizing the world through imagination and can then proceed to recognize the ideas within oneself, to do something with the ideas in one's own soul, that is, to meditate, to concentrate. Had Schopenhauer taken one step further, he would have come to say to himself: I must renounce imagination! If imagination is only a product of my inner self, then I must use it internally. If Schopenhauer had taken this step, he would have been driven to cultivate imagination, to process it into concentration and meditation.

And when he says: The world is will — yes, when he begins to describe how he does this in his ingenious treatise on “The Will in Nature,” when he begins to describe the will in nature, he does not take his own statement seriously. When one describes the will, one uses ideas as an aid, and he has denied them all power of cognition. This then really becomes a Münchhausen story, similar to pulling oneself out of the swamp by one's own hair. What should he have done if he had taken his own statement, “The world is will,” seriously? He would have had to say to himself: So one would have to pour the will out into the world. One must use the will to crawl into things. One must submerge oneself in the world and send the will into the world, so that one does not take the blue color as an idea, but tries to feel how the will submerges into it; that one does not take one's stupidity as an idea, but takes what one can experience in the process of one's own stupidity.

You see again: one can arrive at a witty aperçu, an aperçu that only needs to be taken seriously. If Schopenhauer had gone further, he would have had to say to himself: if the idea is really only the image we imagine, then we must process it within ourselves; if the will is really in things, then we must immerse ourselves in things with the will, not merely describe how the will is in things.

Here you see another example of how a significant philosopher of the 19th century brings people to the gates of initiation, to spiritual science, and how this philosopher then does everything to close these gates to them. Wherever you touch life, it shows that our time is ripe to reap the fruits of spiritual science. One must only take things seriously, deeply seriously. Above all, one must understand people when they speak; for spiritual science does not depend on defending its own rights. That is actually done most of all by its opponents. But they do not know it; they have no idea.

Take a certain type of person who was so common in the 19th century: the atomistic materialists, those people who imagined that all phenomena of life are based on the movement of atoms, so that they imagined that behind all this visible and audible world there is a world of atoms in motion, and through this motion the processes arise that we perceive as the appearance that is there. Nothing spiritual exists; the spiritual is merely a product of atomic movement. Atomic effects are therefore everywhere.

Yes, but how do thoughts arise from atomic whirls? Has anyone seen them? Has anyone discovered them through their experiences? If that were the case, then they would not be what they are supposed to be: they are supposed to lie behind experience. If they had a reality, through what would they have to be found? Let us assume that atomic movements exist. The mind cannot extract them from sensory perceptions. What would a person need to be able to talk about this atomic world? They would need to have clairvoyance. The entire atomic world would have to be a product of inner vision, of clairvoyant power. And one can only say to people who have acted as 19th-century materialists: We do not need to prove that clairvoyants exist, because either you must remain silent about all your theories, or you must admit that you are clairvoyants in order to perceive these things, at least to the extent that you can perceive atoms behind the sensory world. For it makes no sense to speak of a materialistic atomic world if there are no clairvoyant powers. If you find it necessary that there must be atomic movement, then you prove to us that there are clairvoyants.

This is how one takes people seriously, even though they do not take themselves seriously when they say such things. If one takes Schopenhauer seriously, one concludes: If you say that the world is will and that what we have as ideas are only images, then you must descend into the world with your will and descend into thinking through meditation and concentration. We take you seriously, but you do not take yourself seriously. — This is basically the case with all things that come into consideration in this direction.

Therein lies the profound significance of the spiritual scientific worldview, that it takes seriously what others do not take seriously, what they superficially gloss over. The evidence can always be found in the opponents of spiritual science. But people do not realize that with their assertions, with what they think, they are in fact destroying what they think. For the materialistic atomist and also Schopenhauer destroy what they assert through their own assertions.

Schopenhauer destroys his own system with the assertion: Everything is will and representation. But the moment he refuses to stop there, he must lead people to spiritual scientific development. We do not create the spiritual scientific worldview. How does the spiritual scientific worldview come into being in the world? It enters, it is everywhere in the world. It enters life through unknown doors and windows, and even if others do not take it seriously, it will find its way into the cultural life of humanity.

But something else can be recognized when one is truly made aware through such considerations of how little depth people descend into their own spiritual processes, how little people take themselves seriously in a deeper sense, even if they are spiritual, profound philosophers. People weave a web of ideas, as it were, but they shy away from really using this web of ideas to accomplish an inner life work that will carry them forward in experiencing what the fundamental forces of the world are. Thus we see that the centuries referred to yesterday, in which external natural science celebrated its great triumphs, are at the same time those that have led people into superficial thinking. The more glorious the development of natural science, the more superficial has become the research that penetrates into the sources of existence.

One can learn about this matter, which has just been touched upon, from examples that prove it brilliantly. Let us suppose that we experience this in a person who, after not caring about the spiritual world for a while, undergoes a change such that he begins to care about the spiritual world and feels a longing to know something about it. Let us assume that we experience this when we have penetrated into spiritual science. What will we feel the need to do when we experience how a person who has not been concerned with the spiritual world, who has lived his everyday life and now finds himself at a crossroads in life, turns to the spiritual world? We will be interested in what has been going on in the soul of such a person. We will try as often as possible to enter into the soul of such a person, and it will then be useful for us to know what has often been emphasized here, that the saying so often used, “Nature does not make leaps,” is totally wrong. Nature makes leaps everywhere. When the green leaf turns into the bright petal, nature makes a leap; and when it changes a person who has not concerned himself with the spiritual to such an extent that he becomes interested in spiritual science, this is something similar to a leap, and we will search for what has caused this. We will gain some insight into the various spiritual sources we have already discussed here and see how such a thing can happen.

We will ask ourselves: How old was the person? We know that from seven to seven years, something new is always born in the human being. From the seventh year, the etheric body, from the fourteenth year, the astral body, and so on. We will gather together everything we know about the etheric body and the astral body, and we will take it inwardly and not outwardly; then we will be able to gain some insight into what is going on in such a human soul.

One can also proceed in another way. One can become interested in the fact that people suddenly pass from an outer life to a life that is interested in spiritual truths and religious profundities. A man may consider spiritual science to be foolish fantasy, and if one investigates what is going on inside his soul, one may find what causes him to consider it foolishness. But then you can do the following: write, say, one hundred and ninety-two or even more letters to people who have been told that they have undergone such a transformation. Write such letters across an entire continent and ask them to write back and tell you what it was that brought about the transformation in their lives. You will receive a wide variety of answers. One person will write: When I was fourteen years old, my life led me to excesses, my father was angry about this and beat me thoroughly; and he instilled in me a feeling for what the spiritual world is. Others will claim: I saw a person die. Suppose you received one hundred and ninety-two letters and placed them in piles. You make a pile of the letters in which the writers said that they recorded such things out of fear of death or fear of hell; you make a second pile containing those in which they claim to have seen good people or to have imitated them, a third pile, and so on. With piles like these, you often have to summarize things lightly. Then you make another pile: for other, egocentric motives. And now you get the following: These one hundred and ninety-two letters have been sorted. You count how many letters are in each pile, and then, by a simple calculation, you can work out what percentage each pile represents. You can find out, for example, that fourteen percent have undergone changes that stem from fear of death or fear of hell; six percent stem from other egocentric motives; five percent because altruistic feelings have taken hold in them through something; seventeen percent strive for a moral ideal, presumably those which are connected with the Society for Ethical Culture—sixteen percent due to remorse, ten percent due to following teachings about what is good, thirteen percent due to imitation of other people who are considered religious, nineteen percent due to social pressure, coercion, and so on.

So one can proceed by trying to immerse oneself lovingly in a soul that has revealed itself in this way; one can try to explore its inner life; for this one needs spiritual science. Or one can do it as I have just described. The person who did it this way is a certain Starbuck, and he subsequently wrote a sensational book about such things. This is the most extreme externalization of a thing; it is the opposite of what one must feel in spiritual science. Spiritual science tries everywhere to penetrate into the innermost being of things. The tendency that has come about through the materialistic character of our times has even taken hold of religious life to such an extent that it applies the popular, famous statistics to it. For this is indisputable research, as we are clearly shown. It has a quality that is particularly loved by those who do not want to enter the gates of the humanities. One can truly say of it: it is easy, very easy.

We emphasized yesterday why so many people do not want to approach the humanities: they find them too difficult. You can say about these statistics: they are easy, really quite easy. Now, experimental soul science is also being pursued today. I would have to tell you a lot about this experimental soul science if I were to give you an idea of it. It is called experimental psychology. Outwardly, much is expected of it. I will just characterize the beginning that has been made with experiments. Let's assume we sit ten children down in front of us and write a sentence in front of them, let's say: Through...er...man...much... Now we take a clock and say: Tell me how you read that. The child doesn't know anything yet, thinks about it and finally comes up with: “Through effort, one achieves much.” Now quickly note down how long it took the child to read the sentence. Of course, you need to have lots of sentences, because it's difficult to read. Gradually, this will be done in less time. Then note down how many seconds the first child took, how many seconds the second child took, and so on, to complete a sentence like this. Then you calculate the percentages for the children and treat them statistically. In this way, you test their adaptability to the external environment and to many other things. This method of experimental psychology has a distinguished name: it is called “intelligence testing,” while the other method is called “testing the religious nature of human beings by experimental means.”

You see, my dear friends, what I am showing you here in a few strokes is nothing to laugh at, for there are many more chairs of philosophy today where this is regarded as the future of soul science than there are chairs of philosophy that take even the slightest bit seriously what, I will not say we are doing, but what was found in the past through inner observation of the soul. Today, experimentation is necessary.

These are examples of how experiments are conducted today, and they have a large following around the world. Physical and chemical laboratories are being set up for this purpose, and there is an endless amount of literature on the subject. Yes, you can even experience what I will mention only as an anecdote: one of our friends, the chairman of one of our northern branches, was preparing to write a doctoral thesis for a university. He tried, of course—one always tries to speak to children in a way they can understand—he tried to leave out of his thesis everything he had learned from the spiritual sciences. Everything was left out. But then the thesis was examined by a man who was an expert in these matters, who knew all these methods inside out, so to speak. He did not accept the treatise at all. It is a case that even the Storting has dealt with. The man, who is an experimental psychologist, is firmly convinced that he stands on the scientific ground of the present with his science of the soul, and that this will have a future.

There is no need to say anything particularly negative about this experimental psychology. After all, why shouldn't it be interesting to learn about it? Certainly, it is all quite interesting, and it can all be done. But what matters is how these things are applied in life, and whether they are used to trample on what is real spiritual science, what is real knowledge of the soul. It must be emphasized again and again: it is not we who want to reject what is being done by people who, according to their abilities, investigate the soul as they investigate the senses and record their findings according to the method of the one hundred and ninety-two answers. This corresponds to human abilities, but we must consider the world in which spiritual science finds itself today. We must be clear about this.

I know very well that people may now come and say: He has once again railed against experimental psychology; he does not leave a good hair on it! People may do that just as they may say, 'Around Easter-time you reviled Goethe's Faust and criticized Goethe to the ground! ' People who cannot understand that characterization is something different from criticism in the external sense will always misunderstand such things. By characterizing them, I want to place them within the overall realm of human life. Spiritual science is not designed to criticize, and what has been said cannot be criticism.

But what people who are not scientists do toward true spiritual science should be Christian.

It is another thing to have a clear view. And so, when one looks at science, one comes to the realization that it, I would say, alienates the whole of human striving, that even in relation to religious conversion it does not look at the inner life, but looks at human beings from the outside.

In practical life, people are not so faithful. The statistics of insurance companies — I have already mentioned this — calculate when you will die approximately. I mean, you can calculate when an eighteen-year-old will die approximately because he belongs to a group of people among whom so many die in certain years. Then insurance rates are calculated and distributed quite correctly. That works quite well. But if people in ordinary life wanted to prepare themselves for death in the year that the insurance company has calculated as their probable death, they would be considered fools. The system does not decide anything for life. Nor do statistics have anything to do with conversion.

One must look into all these things. In this way, one struggles to arrive at a feeling in which intuitive knowledge is contained. But it will be particularly difficult to really bring into today's world culture what I would call the summit of our spiritual science: the knowledge of Christ. The knowledge of Christ is that which leads us, as the purest, most sacred, and highest, to what we have in spiritual science. In many lectures I have tried to make clear how, especially in our time, the Christ impulse that came into the world through the mystery of Golgotha must be made accessible to human souls through the instrument of spiritual science. In various ways I have tried to make clear the manner in which the Christ impulse has worked. Think only of the lectures on the Virgin of Orleans, Constantine, and so on. In many different ways, I have tried to explain how the Christ impulse has been drawn more and more into the unconscious in past centuries, but how we now live in a time when it must enter human life much more consciously, when a real understanding of the mystery of Golgotha must come. It will not be possible to come to know this mystery of Golgotha unless we take up such ideas as were touched upon during the Easter celebration—about Christ in connection with Lucifer and Ahriman—and penetrate them spiritually.

We are living in an extremely difficult time, a time of pain and suffering. You know that I cannot speak about anything that characterizes this time, for the reason I have already given. Nor do I want to; I want to touch upon something from a completely different angle that is connected with today's consideration.

This time of pain and suffering has awakened many things in human souls, and those who are living through this time, who are concerned about what is happening, will notice that in our time, on the one hand, there is a great deepening of the human soul, of souls that are involved in the present events, and on the other hand, there is a great concerned about what is happening, will notice that in our time, on one side, there is a great deepening of the souls of people who are caught up in the present events and who were previously quite distant from all religious life, whose feelings and emotions were quite materialistic. Today, one can find again and again in their letters and other statements how they have rediscovered their religious feelings through their painful involvement in the events of the present time.

It is characteristic that people who never used to speak of God and a divine order are now beginning to do so. Indeed, in this respect, one experiences today an infinite religious deepening among people who are caught up in events.

But one fact has been rightly emphasized; it is just as clear as what I have just said. Take the characteristic feature of the letters written from the battlefields, in which one finds the deepening of feeling I have just described: they say a great deal about the way in which they have rediscovered their God, but almost nothing—only a few have noticed this—almost nothing about Christ. One hears people talking about God, but nothing about Christ.

This is a very significant fact. In the abstract form of the idea of God, a religious feeling arises in some people in our time of great suffering and pain. One can hardly speak of an equal deepening of the feeling for Christ. I say “hardly.” Of course, it occurs in individual cases, but on the whole, the situation is as I have characterized it. But from this you can see how difficult it is for our time, even where it is close to the human soul to seek a connection with the spiritual world, to be led to what we call the Christ impulse, the mystery of Golgotha.

For this it is necessary that the human soul rise to a conception of the totality of humanity. For this, it is necessary that we do not merely cultivate community with what lives with us for a time, but that we turn our spiritual gaze to all times and beings, as we have passed through various Earth lives, through various times as souls. Then the tremendous necessity gradually arises in our souls to recognize how a descending and an ascending development exists in humanity. We must feel ourselves to be one with humanity in its development through time; we must look back to the origin of the earth, contemplate the descending and ascending development, in the midst of which stands the mystery of Golgotha, and feel ourselves connected with the whole of humanity and with the mystery of Golgotha.

The human soul today is closer to the spatial cosmos than to the temporal cosmos, that which has unfolded in the succession of stages of development. But we are led to this when we feel ourselves incorporated through spiritual science into the entire course of human development. For then we cannot help but see that there was a point in human evolution when something came into human evolution that could not enter through human power alone. It had to enter into human evolution through the spiritual world itself, through a human body, an impulse penetrated into the earth's evolution that was present at the beginning of the Christian era. It was a contact between heaven and earth.

Here we touch upon something that spiritual science will have to incorporate into religious life. What is touched here is how spiritual science will have to sink into the feelings of human beings so that these human beings can come into contact with the mystery of Golgotha and find the Christ impulse in such a way that they can no longer lose it, not only for their vague feelings, but also for their clear consciousness. Spiritual science will work. We have recognized the necessity of this work and emphasized it many times, and basically you are all sitting here to document that you all want to work wholeheartedly in this spiritual scientific movement. And when difficult times come upon humanity again in the future, spiritual science will already have found the opportunity to show that a deepening of the human soul can be connected not only with abstract consciousness of God, but with concrete, historical consciousness of Christ.

There is a time when serious feelings can be stirred within us. But we should not avoid stirring such serious, I would say sacred, feelings within ourselves. This should distinguish those who stand in our spiritual scientific movement from people who have not yet come closer to this spiritual scientific movement through their karma, in that the adherents of spiritual science grasp everything that happens in the world, the most external and the most profound, in a thoroughly serious manner.

Consider how important it is in ordinary life to realize that with our ordinary mind, bound to the nervous system, and our reason, we are actually outside of what interests us most in ordinary physical experience, and that therefore, as things stand, as the hypothetically assumed lawyer brings about, we are actually strangers to our own thinking, we are alien to ourselves. But by approaching spiritual science, we gain an “extra-corporeal” heart, as we explained yesterday; what we think through becomes once again imbued with intimacy and soulfulness. We can only use our mind and reason, which are bound to the body, in different directions by not carrying out what connects us most deeply with the spheres in which we stand with our thinking. Through spiritual science, we will carry this out, and with what we think, with our mind and reason, we will become people of truth, truly people of truth. And life needs people of truth. What we allow to shine upon us from the sun of spiritual science grows together with us because we grow together with beings of the higher hierarchies. We must become people of truth through spiritual science! Then our thinking will not be such that we use it like a lawyer who could defend both parties. We become people of truth by becoming one with spiritual truths. And by finding the possibility of understanding our will as it has been characterized today, we will find the way into the inner nature of things. Not by talking about the will in nature in the Schopenhauerian sense, but by living ourselves into things with our will and exerting our energy in things.

But in doing so, we touch upon something that is so sorely lacking in our present age: the loving immersion in the essence of things. This is so sorely lacking in our present age. I would say that one must experience again and again in life, in a bitter way, how this inclination to immerse the will in the essence of things is lacking in human beings.

When I present a seemingly insignificant fact to you here, a fact that appears to be a personal remark, you are truly not looking at it in the right sense if you believe that I am trying to make a personal remark. It is not meant to be a personal remark, but could, under certain circumstances, be significant for many things that are floating around in people's minds, even within our circles. Certainly, I find it extremely unpleasant to make such remarks; and if they were made only to express that I myself find something superfluous, they would not be made. But gradually, more and more, a certain view, a certain feeling must spread about the seriousness that, as a deep impulse of our movement, should permeate and dominate each and every one of our professed followers. No one should therefore feel offended when I make such a remark; it is not made for personal reasons, but to point out once again something which, when thought through, draws attention to the seriousness that one would so much like to see associated with our movement. For it is precisely in this place, where it was possible to erect an outward sign with our building, that one would so much like the right feeling to prevail about what cannot be expressed directly, but which should be felt by every single person who belongs to the followers of our movement.

You see, it has come to this—I do not like to mention this here—after I tried in the first months of our difficult time to bring this or that close to people's hearts, things have happened—I will only say that much—which make it absolutely necessary to no longer speak objectively about the events of our time in a manner appropriate to our movement. That this is fundamentally painful, and that it is painful to feel such a sum of misunderstandings pulsating through our movement, can be stated sincerely and honestly.

I am touching on these things because they are connected precisely with the question that had to be touched upon today. The question touched upon was how alien we remain to our innermost being with our thinking, and why this is so. It is not enough for us merely to take into this thinking what can spring forth from the spiritual-scientific view. We must take in what springs forth from the spiritual-scientific view in the sense that it enters into our will. But this will—I have said how it is intimately connected with what pulsates in our bodies—this will is more stubborn than thought. A part of spiritual science that can be taken in through thought is sometimes taken in very little. But the part that should also enter into the will is misunderstood to a serious degree. I, of all people, have had to learn this the hard way: while people out there in the world talk about the belief in authority that is supposed to prevail among us, here much has been misunderstood and misinterpreted, where it would have been important to realize how carefully the knowledge that has been presented has been acquired.

Now, I do not know for what reason I received a brochure yesterday written by a certain Mr. Church. But if it was sent to me from Arlesheim by one of our anthroposophical friends, and perhaps even with the intention that I should read it in order to see what someone might think about current events, then I would have to say—although this may not apply in this case, it certainly would in others: If this brochure had been sent to me for the purpose of informing me of what someone thinks in the form in which it is written in the brochure, I would have to emphasize that I find this sending inappropriate and indecent. I say this without criticism. If it was sent to give an example of how someone falsifies history, if the brochure was sent to me with this intention, then that is something else entirely. But not everything is done with this intention. I would like to follow up on this brochure, in which someone passes judgment on current events based on nothing more than the most frivolous falsification of history.

What we must overcome in our country is the falsification of objective facts. But this is precisely what is being done on such a large scale at present. Those who know nothing about what has gone before, who make claims that can so easily be proven historically to be false, like that Mr. Church, should not be allowed to speak where serious people are even thinking about serious matters.

When such words are spoken, my dear friends, they should be taken as an example, not because of this detail, which in itself is highly insignificant. But this detail is a symptom, and we should reflect on such symptoms so that we can penetrate deeper and deeper into the whole depth that our spiritual movement must penetrate. And this spiritual movement of ours will shine into our souls in a very special way when we become acquainted with what even those cannot find today who stand with a moving heart in the midst of the most difficult events of the times and are searching for the values of the spiritual world. Spiritual science must gradually build up the stages that lead to an unshakable understanding of the mystery of Golgotha. This mystery of Golgotha is the meaning of the earth. And to understand the meaning of the earth must be the highest aspiration of those who gradually find their way into spiritual science.