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The Occult Movement in the Nineteenth Century
GA 254

17 October 1915, Dornach

Lecture IV

I want to add certain things today in continuation of what has been said in these lectures about the development of spiritual life in the nineteenth century.

We must turn our attention, on the one hand, to the role of the materialistic view of the world, and to the attempt that was made to counter the inevitable penetration of this materialistic outlook by means of the spiritual Movement of the nineteenth century; and further, how an attempt was made from different sides among occultists to save men from succumbing altogether to materialism. On the other hand, it will be well to connect with this subject a study of matters with which we ourselves are particularly concerned just now. This will help us to understand the character of those powers and forces which take effect outwardly on the physical plane in the way that has already cost us many discussions and will—at least so I imagine—have caused you much brain-racking.1A reference to discussions that were taking place at the time in connection with certain internal affairs of the Society.

A connecting line exists from certain far-reaching factors in the spiritual development of the nineteenth century to the matters with which we ourselves are now concerned. I shall be obliged today to make a wide sweep and I ask you to treat the various communications I shall make with a certain discretion from the outset, for the simple reason that they relate to subjects which, as you will realise, can be known only to very few at the present time. Later on, they will be found to be fully confirmed.

We will take as our starting-point the fact that the nineteenth century was the epoch when materialism as a Weltanschauung arose in the natural course of progress and that the middle of that century was the time when the whole of mankind was, as it were, to be put to the test through the advent of materialism. Materialism was to stand on the horizon like a Circe, a temptress, and men's proclivities and feelings were to result in their becoming literally enamoured of it. For it may truly be said that the men of the nineteenth century were enamoured of materialism.

On the other side we have seen how greatly materialism deserves praise. As a method, materialism has made possible the great achievements of natural science which with all their technical, economic and social consequences, would not have been possible if the faculties of soul necessary for materialistic observation of the world had not been developed. There was a combination of two factors. On the one hand, the evolution of humanity had to take its course to the point where materialistic interpretations were inevitable when the study of nature was carried to a further stage. Honest thinkers could not but arrive at materialism if they adopted certain methods of investigation established by natural science; for materialism was good as a method for investigating and observing the secrets of the material world.—That was the one aspect that emerged. The other was that the hearts and souls of men were so attuned as to make them love materialism. Everything tended towards it. All the factors combined to put men to the test, as it were, through a materialistic view of the world.

Now I have already told you that those among the occultists who, so to speak, had the responsibility of seeing that humanity should not completely sink into materialism, an attempt was made with mediumship, and I showed you that mediumship led to aberrations. I have already indicated one of the most significant of these aberrations. It was remarkable that mediums everywhere professed to be able to give information, revelations, from the realm of the dead, the realm in which men live after death. The most remarkable thing of all, in addition to what I have already told you, was that these communications which came through mediums—allegedly from the realm of the dead—everywhere disclosed a strongly tendentious character.—You can examine all these proclamations made by the mediums and you will find that they invariably have a strongly tendentious character precisely where the life of the soul after death is concerned.

In important circles where mediums were used, declarations were made which to the old esotericists—that is to say, those who did not wish certain occult truths to be made public—were the cause of great consternation. I can indicate the reason for their consternation in the following way.

In order to be quite clear about the matter, please read the course of lectures I gave in Vienna in the year 1914, entitled The Inner Nature of Man and Life Between Death and a new Birth. The lectures contain very important facts which emerge when one approaches the realm of the dead in the right way by putting oneself into the condition where they are able to speak to one.

But in very many circles where mediums were used, revelations of a quite different kind were made. If you peruse the mass of literature compiled from the communications of different mediums, you will discover—especially when these mediums were guided by the souls of living persons—that everything has a strongly tendentious character. Descriptions of the life after death were given which, if you compare them with what was said in the Vienna lectures, are entirely false. You will perceive, too, the tendency in the different mediums to allow nothing concerning repeated lives on Earth to come to light. Wherever the mediums alleged that the dead had spoken to them, they described the life after death in such a way that the conclusion was: there can be no repeated Earth-lives! In the development of mediumship there was the tendency to make false assertions precisely about the most important aspects of the life between death and a new birth—especially to make assertions which preclude the fact of reincarnation. It was desired to speak to this effect through mediums. That is to say, certain people who exploited this tendency in pursuance of their special aims, desired that revelations indicating that there are no repeated Earth-lives should be proclaimed through the mediums. The desire, therefore, was to use the mediums in order to oppose the teaching of repeated Earth-lives.

That was a very striking fact, a fact which caused the right-wing occultists the greatest consternation of all, for they themselves had been a party to the use of mediumship and what it produced—and this was being made to serve tendentious interests instead of the unbiassed truth.

All these things were possible because the leaning towards materialism was so strong in men. Now what is said in the Vienna lectures about the life between death and a new birth is irreconcilable with any form of materialism as a view of the world. But a man can be a materialist in his way of thinking and give credence to what different mediums have said about the life after death, for that is really only a kind of embellished materialism that is ashamed of being materialism and therefore has recourse to mediums in order to glean something about the spiritual world. Materialism was therefore a factor to be reckoned with, and those who did reckon with it fared the best.

In addition to all this there was something else. Even among those who knew something about the spiritual worlds great confusion had arisen in the course of the nineteenth century in regard to a matter about which, if a spiritual Movement is to make any real progress, it is absolutely essential to be clear. The confusion was due to the fact that Ahriman and Lucifer were continually being intermixed. People were no longer able to distinguish between them. A principle of evil and the representative of the evil—that they understood, but they saw no need for any sharper distinction. Even Goethe was unable to distinguish Ahriman—whom he called Mephistopheles—from Lucifer. In Goethe's presentation they are indistinguishable, for Mephistopheles is a mixture, a cross between Ahriman and Lucifer. In the nineteenth century men had no faculty for making a distinction between the representatives of the two spiritual streams—between Ahriman and Lucifer. I can only make certain statements on this subject today, but later on I shall be able to elaborate them and then confirmation will be possible.

Now when it is a matter of clarity concerning the spiritual world, very much depends upon being able to distinguish between Ahriman and Lucifer. That is why a strict distinction between the figures of Ahriman and Lucifer will be made in the representations in our Building.2The first Goetheanum, later destroyed by fire. The statue now stands in a special room in the second Goetheanum. Lack of clear distinction between these two Powers leads to a particular kind of confusion in spiritual understanding. If Ahriman and Lucifer are intermixed as they are in Goethe's figure of Mephistopheles, the danger is that Ahriman will constantly appear in the form of Lucifer. There is no knowing whether one has to do with Ahriman himself or with Lucifer in the form of Ahriman. Ahriman wishes to convey untruths by way of the materialistic view of the world. But the materialistic view of the world would not lead to the consequence mentioned yesterday if people would only hold fast to the thread of thinking. Without this far-reaching thinking, materialism cannot be surmounted. But if Ahriman and Lucifer are intermixed, man is induced to accept the Ahrimanic picture of the world that is presented to him because Lucifer comes to the help of Ahriman and a certain longing arises in him to weave certain fallacies in the guise of truths into his conception of the world.

A remarkable trend has developed, namely, to harbour fallacies which indeed could flourish only in the age of materialism—one might say in the age of Ahrimanic deception—because Lucifer helps from within. Ahriman insinuates himself into the concepts formed of outer phenomena and deceives man about them. But man would see through these wiles if Lucifer did not incite him to lend force to certain materialistic facts in his view of the world.

That was the situation in which men were involved in the course of the nineteenth century and those who so desired were able to take advantage of it. A person able to see through such matters might set out to strengthen some tendency with a bias towards the left. This would not have been such a simple matter if in the nineteenth century men had not been in a position where they could easily be misled as a result of the intermixture of Ahriman and Lucifer.

And so it could happen that certain entirely materialistic natures had enough of the Luciferic element in them not to believe in materialism, but to attempt to find in materialism itself a spiritual conception of the world. Just think of it—the nineteenth century could produce a type of person whose head produced a thoroughly materialistic kind of thinking but whose heart was longing for the spiritual! When that is the case, such a man will endeavour to find the spiritual in materiality itself and will endeavour to give to the spiritual a materialistic form.

Now if behind a personality of this type there happens to stand some individuality who sees to the root of such matters, the latter has a very easy game to play. For if it is in the interests of this individuality, he can induce such a man to mislead others into envisaging the spiritual in a material form, and procedures calculated to trick these others can then take effect. These measures succeed best when they are carried out at just the right place, when truths are imparted to men and the door is opened for them to the things for which they long. In this way certain spiritual truths could be brought to mankind and a one-sided tendency steered in a certain direction; on the one hand a number of truths—with a materialistic colouring but truths for all that—were communicated, and on the other hand, at a certain place, something was introduced that would quite inevitably lead to fallacy but could not easily be detected.

This was what happened in the case of Sinnett's book Esoteric Buddhism. Sinnett wrote it—but behind him was the one he calls his “inspirer”, and whom we know as the later mask of a Mahatma-Individuality. Sinnett was a journalist and was therefore steeped in the materialistic tendencies of the nineteenth century; here, then, was a personality whose brain tended entirely to materialism, but the longing for a spiritual world was also present in him. He therefore had every aptitude for seeking the spiritual world in a materialistic form, and so it was easy for the above-mentioned individuality, in whose interests it was to make use of materialism in this way for special aims of his own, to develop in Sinnett's Esoteric Buddhism an ostensibly spiritual teaching with an eminently materialistic colouring.

Now you may say: “But Sinnett's book certainly does not contain materialistic teaching!” The fact that this is not perceived—there you have the gist of the whole matter! Everything is embellished and disguised and can be understood only when one knows the antecedents of which I have just spoken.

Of course, the teaching about the members of man's being, the doctrine of karma and reincarnation, are truths. But materialism has here been woven into all these truths. In Sinnett's Esoteric Buddhism a genuinely spiritual outlook is combined with an eminently materialistic tendency—a combination that it was not easy to detect because there was scarcely anyone who could discern that something entirely materialistic had insinuated itself into a spiritual teaching—something that was materialistic not merely in the intellectual sense but materialistic as opposed to a spiritual view of the world.—I refer to what is said in Esoteric Buddhism about the “Eighth Sphere”.3See notes at end of Lecture Five.

Here, then, are teachings which contain a great deal that is correct and into which this utterly materialistic and misleading statement about the Eighth Sphere has been woven. This culminates in the assertion made in Esoteric Buddhism that the Eighth Sphere is the Moon. Owing to its journalistic qualities and the good style in which it is written, the book was a tremendous draw and captivated many hearts. Consequently these readers imbibed, not the true teaching concerning the Eighth Sphere, but the strange assertion made by Sinnett that the Moon is the Eighth Sphere.

So there was Sinnett's Esoteric Buddhism. The book was written at the time when Blavatsky, after all the happenings of which I have told you, had already been driven into the one-sided sphere of influence of those Indian occultists who belonged to the left and had special aims of their own. Hence teachings relating to the constitution of man and to reincarnation and karma are given in Esoteric Buddhism. It is therefore written in opposition to those who wanted the knowledge of reincarnation to be allowed to disappear. This will also show you how vehemently the conflict was being waged.

Blavatsky was connected with American spiritualists who wanted to let the teaching of reincarnation disappear. Mediumship was a means to this end and so that method was adopted. As Blavatsky revolted, she was expelled and came more and more under the sway of the Indian occultists; she was driven into their hands. This led to a conflict between American and Indian views in the sphere of occultism. On the one side there was the strong tendency to let the teaching of reincarnation vanish from the scene, and on the other, the urge to bring this teaching into the world but in a form that took advantage of the materialistic leanings of the nineteenth century.

This was a possibility if the teaching about the Eighth Sphere was presented as Sinnett presented it in the book Esoteric Buddhism. There are a certain number of other facts which are perhaps of sufficient importance to be at least indicated—because I do not want to shock you by what I am saying but to explain the spiritual principle upon which our own standpoint is based.

Two difficulties had arisen as a result of the way in which the teaching about the Eighth Sphere had been presented in Sinnett's book. One of the difficulties had been created by Blavatsky herself. She knew that what Sinnett had written on this subject was false4See notes at end of Lecture Five. but on the other hand she was in the hands of those who desired that the false teaching should be inculcated into humanity. Therefore she tried—as you can read in The Secret Doctrine—she tried to correct in a certain way this conception of the Eighth Sphere and matters relevant to it. But she did this in such a way as to cause confusion. Hence there is a certain discrepancy between Sinnett's Esoteric Buddhism and Blavatsky's Secret Doctrine. Blavatsky corrected in a way that actually reinforced the bias of the left-wing Indian occultists. She tried by very peculiar means, as we shall presently see, to let more of the truth come to light in order to overshadow the error. She was therefore obliged, in turn, to create a counterweight, for from the standpoint of the Indian occultists it would have been very dangerous to allow the truth to be revealed in this way.

She set out to create this counterweight—we shall gradually understand it—by pursuing a definite course. She came nearer to the truth about the Eighth Sphere than Sinnett had done but she created the counterweight by giving vent in The Secret Doctrine to a volley of abuse on the subjects of Judaism and Christianity, interwoven with certain teaching about the nature of Jehovah. In this way, what she had put right on the one side she tried to balance out on the other, so that too much harm should not be done to the stream of Indian occultism. She knew that such truths do not remain theory or without effect as do other theories relating to the physical plane. Theories such as those of which we are speaking penetrate into the life of soul and colour the perceptions and feelings of men; indeed they were calculated to turn souls in a certain direction.—The whole affair is an inextricable jumble of fallacies.

H. P. Blavatsky did not, of course, know that the driving forces behind both tendencies were directed towards a special aim, namely, to foster this particular kind of error instead of the truth, to foster errors of a type that would be advantageous to the materialism of the nineteenth century—errors such as could be possible only at the high tide of materialism.—There you have one side of the situation.

On the other side, Sinnett's Esoteric Buddhism and, in a certain respect, Blavatsky's Secret Doctrine too, had made a great impression, especially upon those who were really intent upon seeking the spiritual world. And that again naturally alarmed those who had cause to be alarmed at the possibility that an Occult Movement with such an oriental trend would appear.

Now a number of senseless polemics have been levelled against Blavatsky, against Sinnett, against the Theosophical Movement, and so forth. But among the different attacks made upon the Theosophical Movement in the course of time there have been some which emanated from well-informed but biassed quarters. The tendency of Anglican spiritual life was that as little as possible of oriental teaching, as little as possible of any teaching concerning repeated Earth-lives, should be allowed to come to the knowledge of the public.

There is no doubt that among those who, from the standpoint that here lay a danger to Christianity in Europe, set themselves in opposition to the oriental teachings, were people who may be called “Christian esotericists”. Christian esotericists connected with the High Church party set themselves in opposition with this in mind.5Compare C. J. Harrison in The Transcendental Universe, London, 1893. See also Notes at end of Lecture Five. And from that quarter came declarations calculated to stem the current of oriental thought proceeding from Blavatsky and Sinnett, but on the other hand to foster in the outside world esotericism of a kind calculated to conceal the teaching of repeated Earth-lives. To amalgamate a certain trend of thought with the form of Christianity customary in Europe—such was the aim of this group. It desired that the teaching of repeated Earth-lives—which it was essential to make known—should be left out of account. And a method similar to that used in the case of Sinnett was put into operation.

I must emphasise once again that those who made the corresponding preparations were probably not fully aware that they were tools of the individuality who stood behind them. Just as Sinnett knew nothing of the real tendency of those who stood behind him, neither did those who were connected with the High Church party know much of what lay behind the whole affair. But they realised that what they were doing could not fail to make a great impression upon the occultists and that determined them to lend force to the trend of those who were intent upon eliminating the teaching of repeated Earth-lives.

If after these preliminary indications we turn to consider the particular fallacy contained in Sinnett's book, we find that it is the teaching that the Eighth Sphere makes itself manifest paramountly in the Moon; that the Moon with its influences and effects upon man is, in fact, the Eighth Sphere. Expressed in this form, this is a fallacy.—Here is the essential point. If in investigating the influences of the Moon we were to start from Sinnett's assumption, we should be trapped in a grave error arising from materialistic thinking and not easily fathomed.—What, then, was necessary if the truth were to be fostered? It was necessary to point out the true state of things in regard to the Moon as opposed to the erroneous presentation in Sinnett's Esoteric Buddhism.

Read Chapter IV dealing with this subject in the book Occult Science: an Outline. It was my purpose there to describe how the Moon left the Earth. I attached particular importance to the fact that the exit of the Moon should be described with the utmost clarity. It was essential to indicate the truth here as opposed to the fallacy. Thus in order to counter the Indian influence it was necessary to describe in all clarity the function of the Moon in the evolution of the Earth. That was one of the things that had to be done in my book Occult Science: an Outline.

The other thing that was necessary will be clear to you if you think of the people of whom I have just spoken, people who were also under a certain leadership and who did not wish the teaching of repeated Earth-lives to be spread among men as a truth because they considered that it would alter the form of Christianity customary in Europe and America. They went to work in a particular way, a way which we can clearly discern if we picture how these occultists set about refuting Sinnett's Esoteric Buddhism. The occultists who were connected with the High Church party took upon themselves the task of refuting Sinnett's Esoteric Buddhism and Blavatsky's Secret Doctrine.

In point of fact a great deal of good was done in regard to Sinnett's statement about the Eighth Sphere, for the falsity of the indications about the Eighth Sphere and the Moon was emphasised very poignantly from that side. But at the same time this was combined with another teaching. It was stated from that quarter that man is not connected with the Moon in the way described by Sinnett, but in a different way. True, this different way was not specifically described, but it could be perceived that these people had realised something about the process of the Moon's departure from the Earth as I have presented it in the book Occult Science. But now they laid great stress on the following.—They said: The Earth—and above all, man—was never connected with the other planets of the solar system ... therefore man could never have lived on Mercury, Venus, Mars or Jupiter. From that side, therefore, it was sharply emphasised that there is no connection between man and the other planets of the solar system. But this is the best way to instil yet another fallacy into the world, and to spread the greatest possible obscurity over the teaching of reincarnation. The other fallacy, Sinnett's fallacy, actually furthers the teaching of reincarnation in a sense, but in a materialistic form. The fallacy which consists in the assertion that during his Earth-evolution man has never had any connection with Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and so forth—this fallacy was not actually spread abroad by those who gave it publicity, but by those who stood behind them. It was they who worked upon the souls of men in such a way that these souls could never seriously believe in reincarnation. What, therefore, was strongly emphasised from this quarter was that man had never been connected with any planet other than the Earth nor had ever had anything to do with the other planets of the solar system.

If we think about man as he is between birth and death, we can envisage that in regard to his evolution he stands under the workings of the Spirits of Form. This too is set forth in Occult Science. But if we then think of his life from death until the next birth, an essential fact must be taken into consideration, namely, that the spheres of activity of these Spirits of Form fall as it were into seven categories, only one of which is allotted to Jehovah, namely, that concerned primarily with the life between birth and death. The six other categories of the Spirits of Form guide the life between death and a new birth.

Figure 1

This can be discovered only if we investigate the life between death and a new birth. Just as Jehovah has to do with the Earth and actually made the sacrifice of going to the Moon in order from there to neutralise certain things in Earth-evolution, so have the other Spirits of Form to do with the other planets. But this fact must be cloaked, must be kept secret if it is desired that the conception of repeated Earth-lives shall be withheld from men; and moreover the concealment must be really effective, it must be brought about in such a way that men do not become alive to the secret of which I have just spoken. For if they are diverted from a true vista of the life between death and a new birth, their attention will be rivetted, without this secret, upon the life between birth and death and they will allow mediums to talk them into believing that the life after death is simply a continuation of the life on Earth.

In all the things that happen in this domain a tremendous amount of scheming goes on. For naturally, an occultist who undertakes anything of this nature knows, if he belongs to the left, into which direction he must turn the thoughts in order to bring the feelings too into line and thus divert men's attention from certain secrets in order that these shall not come to light.

That is what actually happened, and you can read about it in the relevant literature. You will often find the statement that man has nothing to do with the other planets of our solar system—but the implication behind this is: Nothing to do with the Guiding Spirits of these planets of our solar system. This was sharply accentuated in order that men should never evolve such concepts as would lead them to realise the credibility of the teaching of reincarnation. And now the other task was to present the truth as opposed to the fallacy. If you read Occult Science you will again find emphasis laid upon the fact that it is necessary for men to go away from the Earth in order that part of his life shall be spent on other planets. The book Occult Science deals in detail on the one side with man's relation to the Moon, and on the other, with his relation to the planets.

What these people set out to achieve can be indicated briefly by saying: they too availed themselves of the materialistic outlook of the time. For if you present the matter as I have done in Occult Science, you will show what has to be accomplished in the evolution of our Earth through its connection with the planets. The other planets, too, belong to the evolution of the Earth. To the materialist, the planets move around in space as mere clods of matter. And so, in describing their functions in the spiritual evolution of humanity, one had to go back to their spiritual realities of being, to the Spirits of the planets.

You see by this how the spiritual Movement was wedged as it were between two set purposes, one intent upon distorting the truth concerning the Moon, the other upon distorting the truth concerning the planets.—That was the situation at the end of the nineteenth century. H. P Blavatsky and Sinnett were to distort the truth about the Moon; the others set out to distort the truth about the connection of the planets with the evolution of the Earth. Do not imagine that it is an easy position to be wedged between two such currents; for here we have to do with occultism, and where occultism is involved a stronger force is necessary for grasping its truths than for grasping the ordinary truths of the physical plane. But consequently there is also at work a far stronger force of deception which it is essential to see through. This is not easy, because of the strong force required to counter it. On the one side, the truth about the Moon is veiled by the distortion, and on the other, the truth about the planets. One was therefore wedged between two fallacies committed in the interests of materialism. First, it was a matter of reckoning with the materialism emanating from the oriental side, which was responsible for promoting the fallacy about the Moon in order to introduce the oriental teaching of reincarnation. The teaching of the fact of reincarnation was of course correct, but we shall soon see what a strong concession had been made to materialism in Esoteric Buddhism—as the book was called. On the other side there was the desire that a certain form of Catholic Esotericism should be protected from the assault of the Indian influence, and there, more than ever, the tendency was at work to allow all spiritual reality connected with the evolution of the planetary system as a whole to be submerged in materialism. The mission of Spiritual Science was wedged between these two currents. This was the situation with which one was confronted. Everywhere there were strong forces at work, intent upon making the one or the other influence effective.

And now it is a matter of showing in what respect this distorted teaching about the Moon is a very special concession to materialism, and how the way in which it was then corrected by H. P. Blavatsky actually made matters even worse, because on the one side, with a great talent for occultism—which Sinnett did not possess—she amended his statements but on the other side made use of particular methods whereby the error could be preserved with even greater certainty.

The first essential is to discern how far Sinnett's teaching about the Eighth Sphere is a fallacy. Here you must keep firmly in mind the teaching regarding the whole process of the evolution of the Earth, namely, the teaching that the planet Earth passed through the Old Saturn, Old Sun and Old Moon periods of evolution before entering its present stage. You must remind yourselves that the composition of the Old Moon was essentially different from that of the Earth. The mineral kingdom was added for the first time during the Earth period, and what constitutes the material world of the physical plane is entirely impregnated with the mineral element. All that you perceive in the plant, animal and human kingdoms is the mineral element that has been impregnated into them. Your body is “mineralised” through and through. That which is not mineral—the Moon-nature, the Sun-nature—is only occultly present there. We see only the mineral, the earthly. This must be firmly borne in mind if starting from what man now actually is on the Earth, we are to find the answer to the question: What is it in man that is the heritage of the Old Moon?

As you see, the preparation for our present study was made already a long time ago.—Within man as he now is, the Old Moon-man is present, but in a form that must be pictured as containing nothing mineral whatever. If you envisage earthly man in such a way that you see his mineral constituents only, you must picture the Moon-man within him. (A sketch was made on the blackboard.) But there is nothing mineral in this Moon-man, hence he cannot be seen with physical eyes but only with spiritual sight. A Moon-form underlies certain members of physical man, is contained within them, but can be perceived only with the eye of clairvoyance. Needless to say, what is there within was present on the Old Moon. But just remember how it was seen on the Old Moon. It was seen through Imaginative Cognition—in surging, undulating pictures. These are still present today, but to behold them, atavistic clairvoyance, at that time at least, was necessary. The Old Moon-man could be perceived only by atavistic clairvoyance, which in that era was the normal faculty of vision. Consequently everything that is connected with this Old Moon evolution can also be seen only in Imaginations, with the ancient visionary clairvoyance. It must never be thought that the Moon-man could be formed out of the mineral Earth; he was the product of the Old Moon as it can be seen in Imaginative clairvoyance. And so in connection with the Old Moon we must picture to ourselves that the whole environment was visible to the Imaginative clairvoyance of the Moon-men just as our own environment, with plants, animals, rivers, mountains, is visible to physical eyes.

Now we know that the forces contained in the Old Moon inevitably appear again in the Earth's evolutionary process but that Earth-evolution would have been doomed to perish, as I have shown in Occult Science, if these Moon-forces had not subsequently taken their departure. They could not have maintained their existence within the Earth-forces. And why not? Remember that the whole planet Earth had to receive into itself the mineral kingdom, to be mineralised, as it were. While the Moon formed part of the Earth, the Moon-forces were still within the Earth. But these forces had to be expelled, hence the Moon itself was obliged to separate from the Earth, because it could not have existed in the mineralised Earth; hence men would not have been able to evolve as they have actually evolved. I have spoken of all this in the book Occult Science. But now recall exactly what I have said to you today—that this Moon can be perceived only through Imaginative clairvoyance. If, therefore, you picture how man developed as earthly man, with a constitution organised for perception with physical senses, you will understand that he could never have beheld the departure of the Moon. The departure of the Moon and also its position out there in the Cosmos could only have been apprehended clairvoyantly. Man was so organised that the whole process of the departure of the Moon could have been seen only with clairvoyant sight, and the influences then proceeding from the Moon could only have been those of the Old Moon—that is to say, influences which worked in such a way upon man that among other things, Imaginative clairvoyance would have been evoked in him.

Try to imagine the situation in that ancient time! The situation was that “man” could come into being, that the souls could come down from the planets, and so forth—but the Moon would have worked as Moon, and in such a way that the forces in the human being as he descended would have been the same forces as had been present in the Old Moon which preceded the Earth. Nobody except one endowed with visionary clairvoyance could have beheld this Moon.

Then, as a material phenomenon accompanying this process of the departure of the Moon-forces, something else came about.—I have already told you how Jahve is related to the Moon. What happened was that through the connection of Jahve with the Moon, the Moon too was made material, was mineralised, but with a materiality much denser than that of the Earth. Therefore what can be seen today as physical Moon and of which it can be assumed that the Moon contains a mineral element, is to be traced back to the deed of Jahve whereby certain elements were added to the Old Moon.

Thereby, however, the Old Moon forces were crippled, and now work in a quite different way. Had the Moon remained unmineralised, its forces would have worked in such a way that its rays would always have evoked the old atavistic clairvoyance in men, and the effects of the Moon upon the will would have made men somnambulists in the most marked form. This was neutralised through the mineralisation of the Moon. The old forces can now no longer develop in such a way.

This is a truth of tremendous importance, for now you will realise that it was necessary for the Moon to be mineralised in order that it might not work in the old way. And so when speaking of the Moon as a recapitulation of the Old Moon, we must speak of a celestial body that is not visible with physical eyes, that is a concern of the spiritual world, albeit only the subconscious spiritual world that is perceptible to visionary clairvoyance. We must therefore speak of something spiritual if we are speaking of the recapitulation of the Old Moon; what is mineral in the present Moon has been added to the spiritual and does not belong to the Moon when the Moon is referred to in the old sense.

How was the materialism of the nineteenth century to be grappled with? Its adherents would certainly not believe that behind the material Moon there lies the very important remainder of the old, non-mineralised Moon; they would never believe such a thing. So a concession was made to materialism by speaking only of the physical, materialised Moon. Hence when Sinnett spoke of the Moon, he left out the spirit. In Esoteric Buddhism he merely says that the materiality of the Moon is far denser than that of the Earth. That is so, indeed must be so, but that the occult reality which I have indicated lies behind—that fact he omits altogether. He therefore made the concession in that he speaks only of the materiality of the Moon. But the spirituality behind the Moon does not there come into consideration; it does not belong essentially to the Earth but is connected much more closely with the Old Moon than with the Earth. This fact was completely veiled, and the consequence was of tremendous import; for Sinnett had thereby brought a true fact—namely, that the Moon has something to do with the Eighth Sphere—into an utterly false light and distorted it with great subtlety. He omits all mention of the spiritual aspect of the Eighth Sphere, namely that the Eighth Sphere, the representative of which is alleged to be the Moon, is that which lies behind the Moon, and he calls what was actually placed there to neutralise, to counter the effects of the Eighth Sphere, the Eighth Sphere itself. As we have heard, the materiality of the Moon is there in order to neutralise the Eighth Sphere, to render it ineffectual.

People do not realise what the effect of the Eighth Sphere would be if materiality were taken away from the Moon. The whole nature of the human soul would have become quite different on the Earth and that this has not happened is due to the fact that materiality of a greater density was incorporated into the Moon. That which actually makes the Eighth Sphere ineffectual, namely, its materiality, Sinnett calls the Eighth Sphere, and what is actually the Eighth Sphere, namely the Old Moon forces, he obscures. A trick frequently used in occultism is to say something that is true fundamentally but to put it in such a way that it is absolutely false—forgive the paradox! It is false to say that the material Moon is the Eighth Sphere, because actually it is the neutraliser of the Eighth Sphere. But it is quite correct that the “Moon” is the Eighth Sphere, because the Eighth Sphere is centred in the Moon, is actually present up there.

And now we have reached the point where we can say more specifically than has hitherto been possible, what the Eighth Sphere is in reality.—This is a matter most intimately connected with the spiritual aspect of evolution in the nineteenth century.

Vierter Vortrag

Ich möchte heute noch einiges in Fortsetzung von dem sagen, was ich über die Entwickelung des geistigen Lebens im 19. Jahrhundert bemerkt habe. Es wird uns namentlich noch zu beschäftigen haben, welche Rolle auf der einen Seite die materialistische Weltanschauung spielt, und wie versucht worden ist, gegen das, wie ich schon sagte, notwendige Hereinströmen der materialistischen Weltanschauung die geistige Bewegung des 19. Jahrhunderts zu setzen, wie versucht worden ist von den verschiedenen Seiten der Okkultisten, den Menschen Rettung zu bringen vor dem Verfallen in den Materialismus. Auf der anderen Seite können wir damit gut verbinden eine Betrachtung über dasjenige, was uns selber in diesen Tagen vor Augen tritt: eine besondere Betrachtung, um etwas hinter das Eigentümliche jener Mächte und Kräfte zu kommen, die sich äußerlich auf dem physischen Plane in der Weise abspielen, daß sie uns ja so viele Sitzungen bereits gekostet haben, die Ihnen, wie ich wenigstens voraussetze, viel Kopfzerbrechen machten.

Es wird sich eine Linie finden von gewissen größeren Gesichtspunkten in der Geistesentwickelung des 19. Jahrhunderts zu diesen Dingen, die uns jetzt selber treffen. Ich werde allerdings gerade heute gezwungen sein, weit auszuholen, und ich bitte Sie, die verschiedenen Mitteilungen, die ich zu machen habe, für sich selbst gleich von Anfang an mit einer gewissen Vorsicht zu behandeln, aus dem einfachen Grunde, weil die Dinge immerhin Mitteilungen betreffen, welche naturgemäß, wie Sie sehen werden, nur ganz wenigen Menschen in der Gegenwart bekanntwerden können. Später wird es sich schon ergeben, daß Sie die völligen Belege finden können.

Vor allen Dingen gehen wir noch einmal von dem einen Punkte aus, daß im 19. Jahrhundert die Zeit war, wo der Materialismus als Weltanschauung im naturgemäßen Gange des Menschheitsfortschrittes heraufkam; daß um die Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts die Zeit war, wo die ganze Menschheit gewissermaßen geprüft werden sollte durch das Heraufkommen des Materialismus. Der Materialismus sollte wie eine Circe verführerisch an dem Horizont der Weltanschauung dastehen, und es sollten die menschlichen Neigungen, die menschlichen Gefühle und Empfindungen eine solche Gestalt annehmen, daß die Menschen gleichsam in den Materialismus verliebt wurden. Man kann wirklich sagen, die Menschen des 19. Jahrhunderts wurden in den Materialismus verliebt.

Auf der anderen Seite haben wir gesehen, welche große Lobrede auf den Materialismus zu halten ist. Wir haben zeigen müssen, daß der Materialismus als Methode gerade die großen Errungenschaften der Naturwissenschaft gebracht hat. Diese großen Errungenschaften der Naturwissenschaft mit all ihren technischen, ökonomischen und sozialen Erfolgen hätten nicht eintreten können, wenn nicht die menschlichen Seelenfähigkeiten geschaffen worden wären für die materialistische Art der Weltbetrachtung. Es kamen zwei Dinge zusammen. Auf der einen Seite mußte der Gang der Menschheitsentwickelung ablaufen und bis zu dem Punkte hingehen, wo sich in der Naturbetrachtung eine materialistische Interpretation ergeben mußte, wenn man weiter ging. Gerade die ehrlichen Leute mußten auf den Materialismus kommen, wenn sie gewisse Forschungswege, die die Naturwissenschaft eingeschlagen hatte, fortsetzten. Denn der Materialismus war gut, gut als Forschungsmerhode für die Beobachtung der Geheimnisse der sinnlichen Welt. Das war das eine, das sich ergab. Das andere war, daß sozusagen das Herz, die Seele der Menschen so gestimmt wurde, daß man den Materialismus gern hatte, so daß nach ihm alles hindrängte. Alles kam also zusammen, um die Menschen gewissermaßen durch eine materialistische Weltanschauung zu prüfen.

Nun habe ich Ihnen schon gesagt, daß diejenigen unter den Okkultisten, die gewissermaßen die Verantwortung haben dafür, daß die Menschheit nicht vollständig in den Materialismus versinkt, den Versuch machten mit dem Mediumismus, und ich habe Ihnen auch gezeigt, daß der Mediumismus auf Abwege geführt hat. Einen der wichtigsten Abwege habe ich schon angedeutet. Ich habe gesagt, es war so merkwürdig, daß die Medien überall vorgaben, Kunde, Offenbarungen geben zu können aus dem Reiche der Toten heraus, aus dem Reiche, in dem die Menschen leben nach dem Tode. Nun, das Merkwürdigste war ferner, neben alledem, was ich schon ausgesprochen habe, daß diese Bekundungen, welche durch Medien kamen und angeblich aus dem Reiche der Toten stammten, überall eine starke tendenziöse Färbung zeigten. Sie können all die Bekundungen durchgehen und Sie werden finden, daß überall eine stark tendenziöse Färbung in diesen Kundgebungen der Medien vorhanden ist, gerade was das Leben der Seele nach dem Tode betrifft.

An wichtigen Orten, wo man sich der Medien bediente, kamen solche Kundgebungen, über welche die alten Esoteriker, also diejenigen, die gewisse okkulte Wahrheiten nicht an die Öffentlichkeit geben wollten, im höchsten Grade betroffen waren. Den Grund, warum sie betroffen sein konnten, kann ich Ihnen mit folgenden Worten auseinandersetzen.

Lesen Sie nach, um sich die Sache ganz klarzumachen, den Vortragszyklus, den ich vor einiger Zeit in Wien gehalten habe: «Inneres Wesen des Menschen und Leben zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt.» Darinnen stehen sehr wichtige Dinge, die dann herauskommen, wenn man sich in regelmäßiger Weise dem Reiche der Toten nähert, wenn man sich gewissermaßen in die Lage versetzt, daß die Toten zu einem sprechen können.

Aber an sehr vielen Orten, an denen man sich der Medien bediente, kamen ganz andere Offenbarungen. Und vor allen Dingen werden Sie, wenn Sie die Literatur verfolgen, die aufgehäuft worden ist aus den Kundgebungen der verschiedenen Medien, darauf kommen, daß durch die mannigfaltigsten Medien, namentlich dort, wo diese Medien von den Seelen der Lebendigen geleitet worden sind, die Sachen ganz tendenziös gefärbt worden sind. Es kamen da Beschreibungen über das Leben nach dem Tode, die, wenn Sie sie vergleichen mit dem, was in dem Vortragszyklus über das Leben zwischen dem Tod und einer neuen Geburt steht, ganz falsch sind. Sie werden dann auch sehen, daß die Tendenz in den verschiedenen Medien war, nichts aufkommen zu lassen darüber, daß es wiederholte Erdenleben gibt. Die Medien schilderten überall, wo sie vorgaben, daß die Toten zu ihnen sprächen, das Leben nach dem Tode so, daß daraus hervorging: es könne nicht wiederholte Erdenleben geben. Die Tendenz liegt einmal in der Entwickelung des Mediumismus, gerade in seinen wichtigsten Punkten, falsche Angaben zu machen über das Leben zwischen dem Tod und einer neuen Geburt, und zwar solche Angaben zu machen, welche geradezu die sogenannte Reinkarnation ausschließen. Man wollte also durch Medien so sprechen. Das heißt, gewisse Leute, welche eben diese Tendenz verfolgen vermöge ihrer Sonderrichtung, wollten durch die Medien solche Offenbarungen in die Öffentlichkeit kommen lassen, welche darauf hindeuten, daß es keine wiederholten Erdenleben gibt. Man wollte also die Lehre von den wiederholten Erdenleben durch die Medien bekämpfen. Das war eine sehr auffällige Tatsache, eine Tatsache, vor der die am weitesten nach rechts stehenden Okkultisten am allermeisten erschrecken konnten, da sie mit heraufbeschworen hatten den ganzen Mediumismus und dasjenige, was der Mediumismus anrichtete, der im Dienste einer Tendenz war und nicht im Dienste der unbefangenen Wahrheit.

Alle diese Dinge konnten gemacht werden, weil die genugsam charakterisierte starke Tendenz nach dem Materialismus vorhanden war. Es war eben die starke Tendenz der Menschen nach dem Materialismus da. Nun ist mit keiner Art des Materialismus als Weltanschauung vereinbar dasjenige, was als geistige Forschungsmethode in dem Zyklus steht von dem Leben zwischen dem Tode und einer neuen Geburt. Aber man kann in seiner Denkweise Materialist sein und das glauben, was die verschiedenen Medien über das Leben nach dem Tode gesagt haben. Denn das ist im Grunde genommen nur eine Art verbrämter Materialismus, der sich schämt, Materialismus zu sein und deshalb Medien gebraucht, um etwas von der geistigen Welt zu erfahren. Mit dem Materialismus also mußte gerechnet werden, und am besten kamen dabei diejenigen fort, die wirklich mit dem Materialismus rechneten.

Nun kommt zu alledem etwas anderes hinzu. Im Laufe des 19. Jahrhunderts war eine große Verwirrung entstanden, selbst bei denen, die über die geistigen Welten etwas wußten, über eine gewisse Sache, über welche, wenn überhaupt eine spirituelle Bewegung weitergehen soll, es im höchsten Grade notwendig ist, daß Klarheit geschaffen werde. Die Verwirrung war die, daß man fortwährend zusammenwarf Ahriman und Luzifer. Unterscheiden konnte man sie nicht mehr. Man hatte ein böses Prinzip und den Repräsentanten des Bösen, aber in scharfer Weise unterscheiden wollte und konnte man nicht. Erinnern Sie sich nur an das, was ich zu Ostern auseinandergesetzt habe: wie Goethe selbst nicht mehr imstande war, eine Trennung zu machen zwischen Ahriman, den er Mephistopheles nannte, und Luzifer. Sie sind nicht zu unterscheiden, da Mephistopheles in der Goetheschen Darstellung ein Gemisch, ein Mittelding ist zwischen Ahriman und Luzifer. Die Menschen hatten im Laufe des 19. Jahrhunderts nicht die Anlage, zu unterscheiden zwischen den Repräsentanten der geistigen Strömungen, zwischen Ahriman und Luzifer. Ich werde heute nur mitteilungsweise einiges zu sagen haben, später werde ich es weiter ausführen können, und dann werden sich auch die Belege ergeben.

Nun hängt vieles davon ab, wenn es sich darum handelt, Klarheit zu gewinnen über die geistige Welt, daß man richtig unterscheiden kann zwischen Ahriman und Luzifer. Deshalb muß diese strenge Unterscheidung gemacht werden, die selbst unserer figürlichen Darstellung zugrunde liegt, wo Sie die beiden Mächte dargestellt finden: sowohl Ahriman wie Luzifer. Davon hängt also sehr viel ab, daß man diese beiden Mächte, Ahriman und Luzifer, gut zu unterscheiden weiß. Weiß man sie nicht gut zu unterscheiden, so führt das eine eigentümliche Art der Verwirrung in der Geisteswissenschaft herbei. Diese ist so zu charakterisieren: fortwährend ist, wenn man sie so durcheinanderwirft, wie das Goethe in dem Kuddelmuddel mit Ahriman und Luzifer im Mephistopheles getan hat, die Gefahr vorhanden, daß einem Ahriman immerfort in der Form des Luzifer kommt. Man weiß da nicht recht, mit wem man es zu tun hat. Man weiß nicht, ob man es mit Ahriman zu tun hat oder mit Luzifer in der Form des Ahriman. Ahriman will uns anlügen, anlügen durch die materialistische Weltanschauung. Aber die materialistische Weltanschauung würde nicht so zu der gestern angeführten Konsequenz führen, wenn man nur weit genug ginge und sich am Faden des Denkens hielte. Ohne dieses weitgehende Denken kann man mit dem Materialismus nicht zu Rande kommen. Wenn man sie aber durcheinandermischt, Ahriman und Luzifer, zu einem Kuddelmuddel, dann geschieht es, daß man das, was einen als ahrimanisches Bild, als ahrimanische Welt anlügt, annimmt, weil Luzifer dem Ahriman zu Hilfe kommt, und man dann eine gewisse Sehnsucht bekommt, gewisse Irrtümer als Wahrheiten hinzunehmen.

Diese merkwürdige Tatsache hat sich im höchsten Grade herausgebildet: Irrtümer, die eigentlich nur im Zeitalter des Materialismus blühen konnten — man könnte sagen, im Zeitalter der Verführung durch Ahriman -, dadurch hinzunehmen, daß Luzifer von innen heraus hilft. Ahriman mischt sich in die Auffassung der äußerlichen Erscheinungen und lügt einen darüber an. Aber man würde hinter seine Schliche kommen, wenn nicht im eigenen Inneren Luzifer gewisse Sehnsuchten erweckte, gerade solche materialistische Vorstellungen in der Weltanschauung aufzupeitschen.

Nun, das war eine Situation, die einmal da war im Laufe des 19. Jahrhunderts. Die Menschen waren in dieser Lage, und derjenige, der es wollte, konnte diese Situation zu seinem Nutzen ausbeuten. Es konnte also irgend jemand, der die Sache durchschaute, kommen und irgendeine einseitige Tendenz entwickeln, also irgendeinen linken Pfad entwickeln. Er hätte es nicht so gut gekonnt, wenn nicht im 19. Jahrhundert die Menschheit in der Situation gewesen wäre, leicht durch den Kuddelmuddel von Ahriman und Luzifer verführt und versucht zu werden.

So konnte es kommen, daß eigentlich ganz materialistisch angelegte Naturen in ihrer Weltanschauung gewissermaßen genug Luziferisches in sich hatten, um nun doch an den Materialismus nicht zu glauben, sondern innerhalb des Materialismus nach einer spirituellen Weltanschauung zu suchen. Denken Sie sich, es konnte der Typus eines Menschen im 19. Jahrhundert entstehen von der Art, daß der Kopf ganz materialistisch veranlagt ist, daß der Mensch gänzlich materialistisch denkt, daß aber das Herz sich sehnt nach dem Spirituellen. Wo das der Fall ist, da wird der Betreffende im Materiellen das Spirituelle suchen, und er wird dem Spirituellen selber eine materialistische Gestalt zu geben bemüht sein.

Steht nun vielleicht hinter einer solchen Persönlichkeit irgendeine Individualität, die das Ganze durchschaut, so hat diese Individualität mit einer solchen Persönlichkeit ein ganz besonders leichtes Spiel. Denn diese Individualität kann dann, wenn sie ein Interesse daran hat, diesen Menschen so präparieren, daß er die anderen Menschen dazu verführt, das Spirituelle auf materielle Art zu sehen, und es gelingen dann solche Dinge, die darauf berechnet sind, die Menschen hinter das Licht zu führen. Das gelingt am besten, wenn es an der richtigen Stelle gemacht wird, wenn man Dinge, die richtig sind, den Menschen überliefert, ihnen die Pforte öffnet zu Dingen, nach denen sie sich sehnen. Man konnte so an die Menschheit heranbringen gewisse spirituelle Wahrheiten und man konnte eine einseitige Tendenz in einer gewissen Richtung erreichen, indem man auf der einen Seite eine gewisse Anzahl von Wahrheiten gab mit materialistischer Färbung, aber doch Wahrheiten gab und nun auf der anderen Seite an einer Stelle etwas hineinmischte, was ganz besonders in den Irrtum führen mußte, aber nicht so leicht bemerkt werden konnte, also ganz besonders in den Irrtum führen mußte.

Sehen Sie, eine solche Sache ist geschehen bei der Abfassung des Sinnettschen «Geheimbuddhismus». Dieses Buch hat zum Verfasser $innett. Hinter ihm ist aber derjenige, den er seinen Inspirator nennt, und den wir kennen als die spätere Maske einer Mahatma-Individualiität. Sinnett war Journalist, war also in den materialistischen Tendenzen des 19. Jahrhunderts ganz darinnen, man hat es also mit einer Persönlichkeit zu tun, deren Kopf ganz materialistisch veranlagt war, aber die Sehnsucht nach einer geistigen Welt war auch in ihm. Er hatte also die beste Anlage, die geistige Welt in der Form des Materialismus zu suchen, und so konnte es kommen, daß diejenige Individualität, die ein Interesse hatte, gerade den Materialismus auf spirituelle Art zu benutzen, um Sonderzwecke zu erreichen, leichtes Spiel hatte, in dem Sinnettschen «Geheimbuddhismus» eine scheinbar spirituelle Lehre mit einer ganz eminent materialistischen Tendenz zu entfalten,

Nun können Sie sagen: Aber der Sinnettsche «Geheimbuddhismus» ist doch nicht eine materialistische Lehre! - Daß man das nicht bemerkt, das ist es ja gerade, worauf es ankommt! Daß die Sache so verbrämt und so verborgen ist, das ist es eben, worauf es ankommt und was man nur verstehen kann, wenn man die Voraussetzungen macht, die ich soeben gemacht habe. Natürlich, die Gliederung des Menschen, die Lehre von Karma und Reinkarnation, das sind Dinge, die Wahrheiten sind. Aber nun ist eine innige Verbindung der materialistischen Sache mit all diesen Wahrheiten vorhanden. Eine Verbindung der wirklichen spirituellen Anschauung mit einer im eminentesten Sinne materialistischen Sache ist in dem Sinnettschen Buche «Der Geheimbuddhismus» vorhanden, die aber nicht leicht bemerkt werden konnte, weil kaum ein Mensch da war, der in der richtigen Weise sehen konnte, daß da mitten hinein in eine spirituelle Lehre etwas absolut Materialistisches geflossen war. Etwas, was materialistisch war, nicht bloß vor dem äußeren menschlichen Verstande, sondern was auch materialistisch ist gegenüber der spirituellen Weltanschauung, gegenüber dem, was von der spirituellen Anschauung als Spirituelles durchschaut werden kann: das ist die Lehre, die im «Geheimbuddhismus» über die achte Sphäre gegeben ist.

Es sind also Lehren, die einen hohen Grad von Richtigkeit haben und in die hineinverwoben ist als ein eminent materialistischer Trug diese Lehre von der achten Sphäre. Und zwar gipfelt diese Lehre in der Behauptung, daß die achte Sphäre der Mond sei. Diese Behauptung findet sich im Sinnettschen «Geheimbuddhismus». Sie wissen, gerade durch die journalistischen Qualitäten, durch die gute Art, wie der Sinnettsche «Geheimbuddhismus» geschrieben ist, hat er ungeheuer weite Kreise gezogen und viele Herzen erobert. Die haben nun aufgenommen nicht die eigentliche Lehre von der achten Sphäre, sondern die sonderbare Behauptung, die Sinnett macht: daß der Mond die achte Sphäre sei.

Nun lag dieser Sinnettsche «Geheimbuddhismus» vor. Wir wissen, daß er verfaßt worden ist in der Zeit, in der schon Blavatsky nach all den Vorgängen, die ich Ihnen beschrieben habe, in die einseitige Richtung der indischen Okkultisten getrieben war, jener linksstehenden Okkultisten, die ihre Sonderzwecke hatten. Daher tritt in dem «Geheimbuddhismus» die Gliederung des Menschen, die Lehre von Karma und Reinkarnation auf. Also er ist so verfaßt, im Gegensatz zu denjenigen, die die Lehre von der Reinkarnation wollten verschwinden lassen. Sie sehen daraus auch die Stärke des Kampfes.

Sie, Blavatsky, stand in Verbindung mit amerikanischen Spiritualisten, welche die Lehre der Wiederverkörperung verschwinden lassen wollten. Der Mediumismus war das Mittel, und man nahm daher diese mediumistischen Formen an. Da sie rebellierte, wurde sie hinausgetrieben und kam immer mehr und mehr in die Hände der Inder. Sie wurde den Indern in die Hände getrieben. Von da versuchte man eine entgegengesetzte Strömung, und, man könnte sagen, es kam zu einem Kampf zwischen dem Amerikanismus und dem Indeanismus in bezug auf den Okkultismus. Auf der einen Seite hatte man die absolute Tendenz, die Lehre von den wiederholten Erdenleben verschwinden zu lassen und auf der anderen Seite hatte man die Tendenz, diese Lehre in die Welt zu bringen, aber so, daß man den materialistischen Neigungen des 19. Jahrhunderts Rechnung trug.

Das konnte getan werden, wenn man die Lehre von der achten Sphäre so präparierte, wie sie in dem Sinnettschen «Geheimbuddhismus» präpariert ist. Andererseits gibt es eine gewisse Anzahl von Tatsachen, die vielleicht doch so wichtig sind, um sie wenigstens anzudeuten, weil ich Sie mit diesen Bemerkungen nicht erschrecken, sondern aufklären will über den geistigen Gesichtspunkt, auf dem wir stehen.

Dadurch, daß der Sinnettsche «Geheimbuddhismus» so verfaßt war, daß die präparierte Lehre von der achten Sphäre in ihm enthalten war, waren zwei Schwierigkeiten entstanden. Die eine Schwierigkeit war die, welche H.P.Blavatsky selber geschaffen hat. Sie wußte, daß das falsch war, was Sinnett da geschrieben hatte. Auf der anderen Seite aber war sie in den Händen derjenigen, welche wollten, daß die falsche Lehre in die Menschheit kommen sollte. Daher hat sie versucht — Sie können das nachlesen in ihrer «Geheimlehre» -, gerade diese Anschauung über die achte Sphäre und was damit zusammenhängt, in einer gewissen Weise zu korrigieren. Aber sie hat es in einer Weise gemacht, daß sich die Menschen erst recht nicht auskannten, und so ist eine gewisse Diskrepanz zwischen dem Siinnettschen «Geheimbuddhismus» und der Blavatskyschen «Geheimlehre» entstanden. Blavatsky hat in einer Weise korrigiert, die erst recht darauf ausging, die einseitige Tendenz der linksstehenden indischen Okkultisten zu unterstützen. Sie hat nämlich in einer ganz eigenartigen Weise versucht — wir werden das noch bemerken —, etwas mehr von der Wahrheit gegenüber dem Irrtum durchleuchten zu lassen. Sie mußte daher wieder ein Gegengewicht schaffen. Denn vom Standpunkte der indischen Okkultisten wäre es sehr gefährlich gewesen, die Wahrheit so an den Tag kommen zu lassen.

Um dieses Gegengewicht zu schaffen - wir werden es nach und nach verstehen -, hat sie einen besonderen Weg eingeschlagen. Dadurch hat sie das Gegengewicht geschaffen, daß sie sich auf der einen Seite der Wahrheit der achten Sphäre mehr genähert hat als Sinnett. Aber auf der anderen Seite hat sie in der «Geheimlehre» ein wüstes Geschimpfe erhoben über alles, was Judentum und Christentum ist, und diese in eine gewisse Lehre über die Natur des Jahve getaucht. Dadurch versuchte sie das, was sie auf der einen Seite gutgemacht hat, auf der anderen Seite wieder auszugleichen, so daß der indischen Strömung des Okkultismus nicht zu viel Leid geschehen konnte. Sie wußte, daß solche Wahrheiten nicht theoretisch, nicht ohne Wirkung bleiben wie andere Theorien, die sich auf den physischen Plan beziehen. Diese Theorien gehen in das allgemeine Leben der Seele hinein und färben die Empfindungen und Gefühle. Darauf waren sie ja berechnet, die Seelen in eine gewisse Richtung zu bringen. Das ist so, wie wenn man eine unentwirrbare Irrtumsinsel da drinnen hätte.

Selbstverständlich wußte H.P.Blavatsky nicht, daß die treibenden Kräfte, die hinter den beiden standen, ein Interesse daran hatten, einen Sonderzweck, diese besondere Art des Irrtums zu pflegen statt der Wahrheit; eine solche Art des Irrtums zu pflegen, die günstig war der materialistischen Strömung des 19. Jahrhunderts, einen Irrtum, der nur in der Hochflut des Materialismus heraufkommen konnte. Das ist auf der einen Seite.

Auf der anderen Seite hat selbst diese Sache einen großen Eindruck gemacht. Der Sinnettsche «Geheimbuddhismus» und in gewisser Weise auch die «Geheimlehre» von Blavatsky haben einen großen Eindruck gemacht namentlich auf diejenigen, die wirklich nach der geistigen Welt suchen wollten. Und das erschreckte wiederum ganz selbstverständlich diejenigen, die Grund hatten, darüber zu erschrecken, daß jemals eine solche orientalisch gefärbte okkulte Strömung Glück haben sollte.

Nun gibt es eine ganze Anzahl höchst unverständiger Polemiken gegen H.P.Blavatsky, gegen Sinnett, gegen die theosophische Bewegung und so weiter. Aber unter den verschiedenen Polemiken, die aufgetreten sind im Laufe der Zeit gegen die theosophische Bewegung, sind auch solche, die von Kennern der Sache herrühren, aber von einseitigen Kennern der Sache. Das anglikanische Geistesleben hatte die Tendenz, möglichst wenig aufkommen zu lassen von dem Orientalisierenden, und möglichst wenig die Lehre von den wiederholten Erdenleben unter die Leute kommen zu lassen.

Nun gehören zweifellos zu denjenigen, die sich unter dem Gesichtspunkte, daß da eine Gefahr für die christliche Kultur in Europa vorliege, den orientalischen Lehren entgegenstellten: christliche Esoteriker. Von diesem Gesichtspunkte aus haben sich europäische Okkultisten, esoterische Christen, die der hochkirchlichen Partei nahestanden, dagegen gewendet. Und von dieser Seite fanden dann Kundgebungen statt, die geeignet waren, zurückzustoßen, was als orientalische Strömung von H.P.Blavatsky und Sinnett ausging, aber auf der anderen Seite einen solchen Esoterismus in der Außenwelt zu pflegen, der geeignet war, insbesondere die Lehre von den wiederholten Erdenleben zu verhüllen. An die Form des Christentums, die man in Europa gewohnt war, eine gewisse Strömung anzugliedern, das war das Interesse dieser Gruppe, die nicht rechnen wollte mit der Lehre von den wiederholten Erdenleben, welche aber gegeben werden mußte. Da schlug man einen Weg ein, der ähnlich dem Sinnettschen Wege war.

Nun muß ich wieder ausdrücklich bemerken, daß diejenigen, welche die entsprechenden Präparationen machten, wahrscheinlich nicht voll wußten, daß sie Werkzeuge waren der Individualität, die hinter ihnen stand. Geradeso wie Sinnett nichts wußte von der eigentlichen Tendenz derjenigen, die hinter ihm standen, so wußten auch jene, die der Hochkirche nahestanden, nicht viel von dem, was dahinter war. Aber sie wußten, daß das, was sie taten, auf die Okkultisten einen großen Eindruck machen mußte, und das bestimmte sie, die andere Richtung hochzubringen, die auslöschen will die Lehre von den wiederholten Erdenleben.

Wenn wir nach diesen vorläufigen Mitteilungen hinschauen auf dasjenige, was den besonderen, bei Sinnett befindlichen Irrtum zum Ausdruck bringen soll, so sehen wir: es ist die Lehre, daß sich im Monde vorzugsweise die achte Sphäre kundgibt, daß der Mond mit seinen Einflüssen und seinen Wirkungen auf den Menschen die achte Sphäre bedeutet. In dieser Form ausgesprochen, ist das ein Irrtum. Darauf kommt esan. Wenn man die Einflüsse des Mondes untersuchen soll und ausgeht von der Sinnettschen Voraussetzung, so steht man in einem schweren Irrtum, der aus der materialistischen Anschauung heraus kommt und den man nicht ohne weiteres durchschauen kann. Was war notwendig, wenn man die Wahrheit pflegen wollte? Es war notwendig, auf den wahren Tatbestand bezüglich des Mondes hinzuweisen gegenüber der irrtümlichen Darstellung, die man in dem Sinnettschen «Geheimbuddhismus» finder.

Nun lesen Sie einmal meine «Geheimwissenschaft im Umriß» durch. Ich hatte die Aufgabe, zu schildern, wie der Mond herausgetrieben wird aus der Erde. Ich habe einen besonderen Wert darauf gelegt, dieses Herausgehen des Mondes ganz besonders deutlich zu schildern. Es mußte hier gegenüber dem Irrtume einmal auf die Wahrheit hingedeutet werden. Es war also gegenüber der indischen Strömung notwendig, die Funktion des Mondes in der Erdenentwickelung klar zu beschreiben. Das war das eine, was geschehen mußte in meiner «Geheimwissenschaft».

Das andere, was geschehen mußte, wird sich Ihnen ergeben, wenn Sie ins Auge fassen, wie nun die zuletzt angedeuteten Menschen auftraten, die auch unter einer gewissen Führung standen, und die nicht wollten, daß die Lehre von den wiederholten Erdenleben, von der sie meinten, daß sie die Form des Christentums, wie sie sie gewohnt sind in Europa und Amerika, verändere, als eine Wahrheit unter die Menschen käme. Die haben einen besonderen Weg eingeschlagen. Diesen Weg können wir deutlich studieren, wenn wir uns vorstellen, wie diese Okkultisten ans Werk gegangen sind, ihrerseits den Sinnettschen «Geheimbuddhismus» zu widerlegen. Solche der Hochkirche nahestehenden Okkultisten haben sich vorgenommen, den Sinnettschen «Geheimbuddhismus» und die «Geheimlehre» von Blavatsky zu widerlegen.

Gegenüber dem, was in dem Sinnettschen Buche über die achte Sphäre steht, ist eigentlich sehr viel Gutes geschehen, denn es ist scharf darauf hingewiesen worden von dieser Seite, daß die Andeutungen über die achte Sphäre und über den Mond bei Sinnett falsch sind. Gleichzeitig ist aber das verbunden worden mit einer anderen Lehre: Es ist nämlich von dieser Seite her gesagt worden, daß der Mensch nicht so verbunden sei mit dem Monde, wie Sinnett es sagte, sondern in einer anderen Weise. Diese andere Weise ist dort zwar nicht ausgesprochen worden, aber man sah, daß diese Leute etwas durchschaut hatten von der Art des Herausgehens des Mondes, wie ich es in meiner «Geheimwissenschaft» dargestellt habe. Aber nun betonten diese Leute besonders stark das Folgende. Sie sagten: Die Erde war niemals in Verbindung — namentlich der Mensch nicht — mit den anderen Planeten des Sonnensystems, so daß der Mensch niemals auf dem Merkur, der Venus, dem Mars oder Jupiter hätte leben können. — Von dieser Seite wurde also scharf betont, daß ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem Menschen und den anderen Planeten des Sonnensystems nicht besteht. Dies aber ist der beste Weg, wieder einen anderen Irrtum in die Welt zu setzen und die größte Finsternis auszubreiten über die Reinkarnationslehre. Der andere Irrtum, der Irrtum des Mr. Sinnett, fordert sogar in einer gewissen Weise die Reinkarnationslehre, aber in materialistischer Auffassung. Dieser Irrtum aber, der darin besteht, daß man sagt, der Mensch hätte nie etwas zu tun gehabt während seiner Erdenentwickelung mit Merkur, Venus, Mars, Jupiter und so weiter, dieser Irrtum war nicht von denen, die ihn publiziert haben, verbreitet worden, sondern von denen, die dahinterstanden. Die wirkten auf die Menschenseelen so ein, daß diese Menschenseelen niemals eigentlich an die Reinkarnation im Ernste glauben können. Daher wurde von dieser Seite scharf betont, der Mensch habe niemals mit etwas anderem als mit der Erde zu tun gehabt, und niemals etwas zu tun gehabt mit den Planeten unseres Sonnensystems.

Wenn wir den Menschen nun nehmen, wie er ist zwischen der Geburt und dem Tode, so können Sie sich denken, daß der Mensch in bezug auf die Evolution unter der Wirkung der Geister der Form steht. Das ist auch in der «Geheimwissenschaft» dargestellt. Wenn Sie aber dann dazunehmen das Leben vom Tode bis zur nächsten Geburt, dann muß etwas Wesentliches in Betracht gezogen werden. Nämlich, daß die Wirkungssphäre dieser Geister der Form gewissermaßen in sieben Abteilungen zerfällt, und von diesen sieben Abteilungen ist eigentlich Jahve nur eine Abteilung zugeteilt, und die betrifft vorzugsweise das Leben zwischen der Geburt und dem Tode. Die sechs anderen lenken das Leben zwischen dem Tode und einer neuen Geburt.

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Das kann man nur finden, wenn man das Leben zwischen dem Tode und einer neuen Geburt verfolgt. Ebenso wie Jahve es zu tun hat mit der Erde und sogar das Opfer gebracht hat, nach dem Monde zu gehen, um von da aus gewisse Dinge in der Erdenentwickelung zu paralysieren, ebenso haben die anderen Formgeister mit den anderen Planeten zu tun. Das aber muß verhüllt, verheimlicht werden, wenn man den Menschen die Anschauung von den wiederholten Erdenleben nicht beibringen will; und man muß dieses Verheimlichen in concreto tun, man muß es so tun, daß die Menschen nicht aufmerksam werden auf dieses Geheimnis, das ich eben angeführt habe. Denn, werden sie abgelenkt von einer wahren Betrachtung des Lebens zwischen dem Tode und einer neuen Geburt, dann werden sie dahin gelangen, daß sie ohne dieses Geheimnis das Leben zwischen der Geburt und dem Tode nehmen und sich von Medien erzählen lassen, als ob da ein Wesen wäre, das nur dieses Erdenleben so fortsetzte.

In all den Dingen, die auf diesem Feld geschehen, ist ungeheuer viel Berechnung. Denn selbstverständlich weiß der Okkultist, der so etwas unternimmt, wenn er dem linken Pfade angehört, in welche Richtung er die Gedanken bringen muß, um auch die Gefühle in diese Richtung zu bringen und die Menschen abzulenken von gewissen Geheimnissen, damit sie nicht herauskommen.

Das geschah von dieser Seite aus, und Sie können das in der Literatur verfolgen. Sie werden da oft die Behauptung finden, daß der Mensch nichts zu tun habe mit den anderen Planeten unseres Sonnensystems, wohinter aber das steckt: nichts mit den leitenden Geistern dieser Planeten unseres Sonnensystems. Das war von dieser Seite scharf betont worden, damit man niemals solche Begriffe ausbilde, die einen auf das Plausible der Reinkarnationslehre führen. Und das, sehen Sie, war jetzt die andere Aufgabe: nach dieser Seite hin die Wahrheit gegenüber dem Irrtum darzustellen. Lesen Sie die «Geheimwissenschaft im Umriß» nach, so werden Sie finden, daß diese Sache auch wieder scharf herausgeholt ist: wie der Mensch von der Erde weggehen muß, um einen Teil seines Lebens auf anderen Planeten zuzubringen. In der «Geheimwissenschaft» ist das scharf herausgearbeitet: einerseits die Beziehung zum Monde und auf der anderen Seite die Beziehung zu den anderen Planeten.

Man kann das, was diese Leute erreichen wollten, kurz so bezeichnen: Es wird wiederum die materialistische Zeitanschauung benützt, auch von diesen Leuten. Denn, denken Sie, wenn Sie die Sache so darstellen, wie ich es in meiner «Geheimwissenschaft» dargestellt habe, dann erteilen Sie in unserem Entwickelungsgange der Erde, dem Zusammenhang der anderen Planeten mit unserer Erde seine Aufgabe! Die anderen Planeten gehören auch zu der Entwickelung der Erde, sie gehören dazu. Für den Materialisten schwimmen die Planeten als bloße materielle Klötze im Raume herum. Auf ihre spirituelle Wesenheit mußte man zurückgehen, zurückgehen auf die Geister der Planeten, indem man die Funktionen, die sie für die spirituelle Menschheitsentwickelung haben, darstellt.

So sehen Sie, wie man als spirituelle Bewegung gewissermaßen eingekeilt war zwischen zwei Richtungen, von denen die eine darauf ausging, die Wahrheit über den Mond zu entstellen, die andere darauf ausging, die Wahrheit über die Planeten zu entstellen. Das war die Situation. Diese Tatsachen lagen am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts durchaus vor. H. P. Blavatsky mit Sinnett wollte die Wahrheit vom Monde entstellen, die anderen, die auch auf Entstellung ausgingen, wollten den Zusammenhang der Planeten mit der Erdenentwickelung entstellen. Glauben Sie nicht, daß es leicht ist, zwischen zwei solchen Strömungen eingekeilt zu sein; denn man hat es ja mit Okkultismus zu tun, und Okkultismus bedeutet, daß zum Erfassen seiner Wahrheiten eine größere Kraft notwendig ist als zum Erfassen der gewöhnlichen Wahrheiten des physischen Plans. Daher ist aber auch eine größere Kraft der Täuschung vorhanden, die zu durchschauen ist. Auf der einen Seite wird durch die Entstellung die Wahrheit über den Mond verdunkelt und auf der anderen Seite die Wahrheit über die Planeten. Das ist nicht leicht zu durchschauen, weil eine größere Gegenkraft notwendig ist, die man anwenden muß, um die Täuschung zu durchschauen. Man war also eingeklemmt zwischen zwei Irrtümern, die zugunsten des Materialismus gemacht worden sind. Einmal hatte man mit dem Materialismus, der von der orientalischen Seite ausging, zu rechnen, mit der Seite, die die Sache mit dem Mond gemacht hat, um die orientalische Lehre von der Wiederverkörperung hineinzubringen. Das mit der Wiederverkörperung war ja richtig; aber inwiefern man eine ganz starke Konzession an den Materialismus mit dem sogenannten «Geheimbuddhismus» gemacht hat, das werden wir noch sehen. Auf der anderen Seite wollte man eine besondere Form des katholischen Esoterizismus retten gegen den Ansturm der indischen Richtung, um dadurch erst recht im Materialismus all das Spirituelle verschwinden zu lassen, das sich auf die Entwickelung des ganzen Planetensystems bezieht. Dazwischen war eingekeilt dasjenige, was die Geisteswissenschaft zu tun hat. Dieser Situation stand man gegenüber. Überall waren starke Mächte im Spiel, die die eine oder die andere Strömung, wie ich sie charakterisiert habe, in Szene setzen wollten.

Nun handelt es sich darum, zu zeigen, wie diese entstellende Lehre über den Mond eine ganz besondere Konzession ist an den Materialismus, und wie dann die Korrektur, welche H. P. Blavatsky anbrachte, die Sache förmlich noch schlimmer machte, weil sie auf der einen Seite mit einem großen okkultistischen Talent — was Sinnett nicht hatte — die Mitteilungen von Sinnett korrigierte, auf der anderen Seite sich aber besonderer Mittel bediente, die den Irrtum erst recht konservieren konnten.

Zunächst handelt es sich darum, einzusehen, inwiefern die Sinnettsche Lehre von der achten Sphäre ein Irrtum ist. Da müssen Sie sich halten an die richtiggestellte Lehre von der Evolution der Erde in ihrer Ganzheit, also an die Lehre vom Durchgange durch die Saturn-, Sonnen- und Mondenentwickelung und dann durch die Erdenentwickelung. Da müssen Sie sich erinnern, daß der alte Mond in wesentlich anderer Weise zusammengesetzt war als die Erde. Das eigentliche mineralische Reich ist erst während der Erdenzeit hinzugekommen, und das, was die sinnliche Welt des physischen Planes ausmacht, ist ganz imprägniert von dem Mineralischen. Sie sehen nichts anderes in dem Pflanzen-, Tier- und Menschenreich als das, was in sie eingeprägt ist als Mineralisches. Ihr ganzer Körper ist vom Mineralischen durchsetzt. Das, was nicht mineralisch ist, das Mondhafte, das Sonnenhafte, das ist nur okkult darinnen. Man sieht nur das Mineralische, das Erdenhafte. Das ist festzuhalten, wenn man von dem, was der Mensch jetzt auf der Erde ist, ausgeht und die Frage beantworten wollte: Was ist im Menschen das Erbteil vom alten Monde?

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Sie sehen, wir haben die ganze Betrachtung schon lange vorbereitet. Da müssen wir nun sagen: In diesem Menschen steckt schon der alte Mondenmensch, aber so, daß wir uns in ihm nichts Mineralisches vorstellen dürfen. Also, wenn Sie den Erdenmenschen ins Auge fassen, so daß Sie nur seinen mineralischen Einschlag sehen, so müssen Sie sich darinnen den Mondenmenschen vorstellen. Aber dieser Mondenmensch hat nichts Mineralisches, man kann ihn daher nicht mit physischen Augen sehen. Hinter ihn kann man nur kommen, wenn man ihn mit dem geistigen Auge sieht. Ich könnte es vielleicht besser so zeichnen, daß ich den Mondenmenschen noch hineinschraffierte. Gewissen Gliedern liegt eine Mondgestalt zugrunde. Die ist da drinnen, aber das wird nur einem hellseherischen Blicke klar. Selbstverständlich war dasjenige, was da drinnen ist, auf dem alten Monde da. Aber erinnern Sie sich doch nur, wie das gesehen wurde auf dem alten Monde: es wurde durch imaginative Erkenntnis gesehen. Es waren wogende, wallende Bilder. Die finden Sie auch heute noch; aber sie mußten — wenigstens dazumal — mit atavistischem Hellsehen angeschaut werden. Der alte Mondmensch konnte nur mit atavistischem Hellsehen erfaßt werden. Dazumal war dies das normale Schauen. Schließlich kann auch alles dasjenige, was mit dieser alten Mondenentwickelung zusammenhängt, nur in Imaginationen, im alten visionären Hellsehen angeschaut werden. Aus der mineralischen Erde kann der Mondmensch nimmermehr herausgebildet werden, er kann nur aus dem im imaginativen Hellsehen erfaßbaren Monde herausgebildet werden. So müssen wir uns auch für die alte Mondenzeit vorstellen, daß die ganze Umgebung — so wie unsere Umgebung, also Pflanzen, Tiere, Flüsse, Berge, für das physische Auge sichtbar ist — für das imaginative Hellsehen der Mondenmenschen sichtbar war.

Nun wissen wir ja, daß die Kräfte, die in diesem alten Monde liegen, wieder auftreten, sich in der Erdenentwickelung wiederholen und wieder auftreten müssen. Die Erdenentwickelung hätte aber ersterben müssen, wie ich es gezeigt habe in der «Geheimwissenschaft», wenn nicht diese Mondenkräfte später herausentwickelt worden wären. Innerhalb der Erdenkräfte konnten sie sich nicht halten. Und warum nicht? Bedenken Sie doch, daß der ganze Erdenplanet das mineralische Reich aufnehmen mußte; der Erdenplanet mußte sich sozusagen mineralisieren. In der Zeit, in welcher der Mond auf der Erde war, da war die Mondkraft noch darinnen. Diese mußte aber heraus, und so mußte der Mond für sich sich absondern von der Erde. Das habe ich alles in der «Geheimwissenschaft» dargestellt. Er mußte heraus, weil er innerhalb der mineralisierten Erde nicht hätte bestehen können, das heißt, die Menschen hätten sich nicht so entwickeln können, wie sie sich entwickelt haben. Aber denken Sie genau: ich habe Ihnen gesagt, dieser Mond ist nur durch imaginatives Hellsehen erreichbar. Wenn Sie also sich den Menschen denken, wie er sich als Erdenmensch heranentwikkelte und dazu veranlagt wurde, mit physischen Sinnen wahrzunehmen, so werden Sie verstehen, daß er niemals das Hinausgehen des Mondes hätte sehen können. Das Herausgehen des Mondes und auch das Draußenstehen desselben würde nur hellseherisch erfaßbar gewesen sein. Es war die Veranlagung des Menschen so, daß man den ganzen Mond, so wie er sich herausbewegte, nur hellseherisch hätte sehen können, und daß die Wirkungen, die dann von ihm ausgegangen wären, nur solche hätten sein können, welche alte Mondenwirkungen waren, welche auf den Menschen so wirkten, daß sie unter anderem das imaginative Hellsehen in ihm hervorgerufen hätten.

Denken Sie sich einmal, vor welcher Situation der Mensch damals stand! Er stand vor der Situation, daß der «Mensch» entstehen konnte, daß die Seele von den Planeten herunterkommen konnte und so weiter. Aber der Mond würde als Mond gewirkt haben, und er würde so gewirkt haben, daß die Kräfte, mit denen der Mensch hinunterstieg, dieselben Kräfte gewesen wären wie beim alten Monde, der der Erde vorangegangen ist. Niemals würde ein anderer Mensch diesen Mond gesehen haben als derjenige, der visionäres Hellsehen entwickelt hätte.

Da ist dann als materielle Begleiterscheinung dieses Vorganges, dieses Herausgehens der Mondenkräfte, etwas anderes gekommen. Ich habe Ihnen die Beziehung, die Jahve zum Mond hat, schon auseinandergesetzt. Das ist geschehen, daß mit dieser Verbindung des Jahve mit dem Monde, der Mond auch materiell, mineralisch gemacht worden ist, aber mit einer viel derberen Materialität als die Erdenmaterialität ist. Es ist also das, was heute als physischer Mond gesehen werden kann und was voraussetzt, daß der Mond einen mineralischen Einschlag hat, auf die Tat des Jahve zurückzuführen; darauf zurückzuführen, daß zu dem alten Monde Stücke hinzugekommen sind, die von Jahve hineingetan wurden. Das ist das Jahve-Produkt.

Dadurch aber sind auch die alten Mondkräfte paralysiert worden und wirken nun in einer ganz anderen Weise. Wäre der Mond unmineralisiert geblieben, dann hätten seine Kräfte so gewirkt, daß, wenn der Mond strahlte, er immer in den Menschen altes atavistisches Hellsehen hervorgerufen haben würde, oder daß er auf den Willen so gewirkt haben würde, daß die Menschen Schlafwandler in der ausgiebigsten Form geworden wären. Das ist paralysiert worden dadurch, daß der Mond auch mineralisiert worden ist. Jetzt können sich die alten Kräfte nicht mehr so entwickeln.

Das ist eine sehr wichtige Wahrheit, eine ungeheuer wichtige Wahrheit, denn jetzt erkennen Sie, daß der Mond gerade mineralisiert werden mußte, damit er nicht mondhaft im alten Sinne wirkt. Wenn man also von dem Monde als Wiederholung des alten Mondes spricht, so muß man von einer Weltkugel sprechen, die nicht mit physischen Augen sichtbar ist, die die spirituelle Welt angeht, wenn auch nur die unterbewußte spirituelle Welt, die für das visionäre Hellsehen sichtbar ist. Man muß also von etwas Geistigem sprechen, wenn man von der Wiederholung des alten Mondes spricht. Und das, was im Monde mineralisch ist, das ist dem Geistigen hinzugefügt worden. Das gehört nicht dazu, wenn man vom Monde im alten Sinne spricht.

Wie rechnete man nun mit dem Materialismus des 19. Jahrhunderts? Der glaubte einem ja nicht, daß hinter dem materiellen Monde gerade das wichtige Überbleibsel des alten, nicht mineralisierten Mondes noch steht. Das glaubte man einem ja nicht. Also machte man dem Materialismus eine Konzession. Man nahm nur den materialisierten physischen Mond. So hat Sinnett den Geist ausgelassen gerade beim Monde. Er hat nur gesagt — lesen Sie es nach im «Geheimbuddhismus»: Der Mond hat eine viel derbere Materialität als die Erde. - Die hat er auch, muß sie auch haben. Aber daß dahinter das Okkulte steht, das ich Ihnen andeutungsweise gesagt habe, hat er vollständig ausgelassen. Er hat also die Konzession gemacht, daß er nur von der Materialität des Mondes spricht. Da kommt aber nicht in Betracht das Geistige, das hinter dem Monde steht. Und das gehört nicht der Erde an, das steht dem alten Monde viel näher als der Erde.

Dieser Tatbestand wurde vollständig verschleiert, und das ist von einer ganz enormen Konsequenz. Denn dadurch hat Sinnett eine richtige Sache — nämlich die, daß der Mond etwas zu tun hat mit der achten Sphäre - in ein ganz schiefes Licht gebracht und sie in einer ungeheuer schlauen Weise entstellt. Denn er hat ausgelassen den geistigen Teil des Mondes, das nämlich, daß die achte Sphäre, als deren Repräsentant der Mond hingestellt wird, dasjenige ist, was hinter dem Monde ist, und er hat das, was zur Korrektur gegeben worden ist, zur Paralysierung der achten Sphäre, als die achte Sphäre selbst angesprochen. Das Materielle ist da im Monde, um die achte Sphäre zu paralysieren, um sie unwirksam zu machen.

Die Menschen übersehen, wie die achte Sphäre wirken würde, wenn man das Materielle herausnehmen würde aus dem Monde. Die ganze Natur der Menschenseele würde anders werden auf der Erde, und daß sie nicht anders ist, ist dem Umstande zu verdanken, daß eine gewisse derbere Materialität dem Monde einverleibt worden ist. Das, was die achte Sphäre unwirksam macht, die Materialität, nennt Sinnett die achte Sphäre, und das, was die achte Sphäre ist, die alten Mondenkräfte, das verdeckt er. Das ist ein im Okkultismus oft verwendeter Kniff: daß man etwas sagt, was im Grunde wahr ist, aber so sagt, daß es doch total falsch ist - verzeihen Sie den Widerspruch! Es ist falsch, zu sagen, das Materielle von dem Monde wäre die achte Sphäre, weil es gerade der Heiler ist der achten Sphäre. Aber es ist ganz richtig, daß der Mond die achte Sphäre ist, weil sie wirklich da oben im Monde ist, weil die achte Sphäre im Monde zentriert ist, weil sie darinnen lebt. Und jetzt sind wir so weit, daß wir in genauerer Weise als bisher sagen können, was die achte Sphäre wirklich ist, und was so innig zusammenhängt mit der geistigen Sphäre der Entwickelung des 19. Jahrhunderts.

An diesem Punkte werde ich morgen fortfahren.

Fourth Lecture

Today, I would like to continue what I said about the development of spiritual life in the 19th century. We will have to deal in particular with the role played by the materialistic worldview on the one hand, and how attempts were made to counteract the necessary influx of the materialistic worldview, as I have already said, with the spiritual movement of the 19th century, how attempts were made by various occultists to save people from falling into materialism. On the other hand, we can easily combine this with a consideration of what we ourselves are witnessing these days: a special consideration in order to get behind the peculiarity of those powers and forces that are playing out externally on the physical plane in such a way that they have already cost us so many meetings, which, I assume at least, have caused you a lot of headaches.

A line can be drawn from certain broader perspectives in the spiritual development of the 19th century to these things that are now affecting us ourselves. However, today I will be forced to go into great detail, and I ask you to treat the various communications I have to make with a certain degree of caution from the outset, for the simple reason that these things concern communications which, as you will see, can naturally only be known to very few people at present. Later on, you will find that you can find complete evidence for them.

First of all, let us start once again from the point that the 19th century was the time when materialism emerged as a worldview in the natural course of human progress; that the middle of the 19th century was the time when the whole of humanity was to be tested, as it were, by the emergence of materialism. Materialism was to stand seductively on the horizon of worldview like Circe, and human inclinations, human feelings and sensations were to take on such a form that people became, as it were, enamored with materialism. It can truly be said that the people of the 19th century fell in love with materialism.

On the other hand, we have seen what great praise can be given to materialism. We have had to show that materialism as a method has brought about the great achievements of natural science. These great achievements of natural science, with all their technical, economic, and social successes, could not have come about if the human soul capacities had not been created for the materialistic way of looking at the world. Two things came together. On the one hand, the course of human development had to run its course and go to the point where a materialistic interpretation of nature had to emerge if one went further. Honest people in particular had to come to materialism if they continued certain lines of research that natural science had taken. For materialism was good, good as a research method for observing the mysteries of the sensory world. That was one thing that resulted. The other was that, so to speak, the heart, the soul of people was attuned in such a way that they liked materialism, so that everything pushed toward it. So everything came together to test people, as it were, through a materialistic worldview.

Now I have already told you that those among the occultists who are, so to speak, responsible for ensuring that humanity does not sink completely into materialism, made an attempt with mediumship, and I have also shown you that mediumship has led astray. I have already indicated one of the most important deviations. I said it was so strange that mediums everywhere claimed to be able to give messages and revelations from the realm of the dead, from the realm where people live after death. Well, the strangest thing, apart from everything I have already said, was that these messages, which came through mediums and supposedly originated in the realm of the dead, showed a strong tendency to be biased everywhere. You can go through all the statements and you will find that there is a strong bias in these statements from the mediums, especially when it comes to the life of the soul after death.

In important places where mediums were used, such manifestations occurred which greatly affected the old esotericists, that is, those who did not want certain occult truths to be made public. I can explain the reason why they were affected in the following words.

To clarify the matter, please read the lecture cycle I gave some time ago in Vienna: “The Inner Being of Man and Life Between Death and Rebirth.” It contains very important things that come out when one regularly approaches the realm of the dead, when one puts oneself in a position, so to speak, where the dead can speak to one.

But in many places where the media were used, completely different revelations came forth. And above all, if you follow the literature that has been accumulated from the manifestations of the various mediums, you will come to realize that through the most diverse mediums, especially where these mediums have been guided by the souls of the living, things have been colored in a very tendentious way. There were descriptions of life after death which, if you compare them with what is written in the lecture cycle on life between death and a new birth, are completely wrong. You will also see that the tendency in the various media was not to allow anything to come up about the existence of repeated earthly lives. Wherever the mediums claimed that the dead were speaking to them, they described life after death in such a way that it appeared that there could be no repeated earthly lives. The tendency lies in the development of mediumship, precisely in its most important points, to give false information about life between death and a new birth, and indeed to give information that completely excludes so-called reincarnation. So they wanted to speak through mediums. That is, certain people who pursue this tendency because of their special orientation wanted to use the media to make public revelations that indicate that there are no repeated earthly lives. So they wanted to use the media to combat the doctrine of repeated earthly lives. This was a very striking fact, a fact that most frightened the occultists on the far right, since they had conjured up the whole of mediumship and what mediumship did, which was in the service of a tendency and not in the service of unbiased truth.

All these things could be done because there was a strong tendency toward materialism, which has been sufficiently characterized. There was simply a strong tendency among people toward materialism. Now, what is described in the cycle as a spiritual method of research into life between death and a new birth is incompatible with any kind of materialism as a worldview. But one can be a materialist in one's thinking and still believe what the various mediums have said about life after death. For this is basically just a kind of embellished materialism that is ashamed of being materialism and therefore uses mediums to learn something about the spiritual world. Materialism had to be reckoned with, and those who really reckoned with materialism fared best.

Now something else is added to all this. In the course of the 19th century, great confusion had arisen, even among those who knew something about the spiritual worlds, about a certain matter on which, if any spiritual movement is to continue, it is of the utmost necessity that clarity be established. The confusion was that Ahriman and Lucifer were constantly being lumped together. It was no longer possible to distinguish between them. There was an evil principle and the representative of evil, but it was not possible to distinguish between them sharply. Just remember what I explained at Easter: how Goethe himself was no longer able to distinguish between Ahriman, whom he called Mephistopheles, and Lucifer. They cannot be distinguished, since Mephistopheles in Goethe's portrayal is a mixture, a middle ground between Ahriman and Lucifer. During the 19th century, people did not have the capacity to distinguish between the representatives of the spiritual currents, between Ahriman and Lucifer. Today I will only have a few things to say by way of information, but later I will be able to elaborate further, and then the evidence will also become apparent.

Now, when it comes to gaining clarity about the spiritual world, much depends on being able to distinguish correctly between Ahriman and Lucifer. That is why this strict distinction must be made, which is itself the basis of our figurative representation, where you find the two powers depicted: both Ahriman and Lucifer. So a great deal depends on being able to distinguish well between these two powers, Ahriman and Lucifer. If one does not know how to distinguish between them, it leads to a peculiar kind of confusion in spiritual science. This can be characterized as follows: if one confuses them, as Goethe did in his muddle with Ahriman and Lucifer in Mephistopheles, there is a constant danger that Ahriman will always appear in the form of Lucifer. One does not really know who one is dealing with. One does not know whether one is dealing with Ahriman or with Lucifer in the form of Ahriman. Ahriman wants to deceive us, to deceive us through the materialistic worldview. But the materialistic worldview would not lead to the conclusion mentioned yesterday if one only went far enough and followed the thread of thought. Without this far-reaching thinking, one cannot come to terms with materialism. But if one mixes Ahriman and Lucifer together into a muddle, then what happens is that one accepts what lies to one as an Ahrimanic image, as an Ahrimanic world, because Lucifer comes to Ahriman's aid, and one then develops a certain longing to accept certain errors as truths.

This strange fact has become apparent to the highest degree: errors that could only flourish in the age of materialism — one could say, in the age of seduction by Ahriman — are accepted because Lucifer helps from within. Ahriman interferes with the perception of external phenomena and lies about them. But one would see through his tricks if Lucifer did not awaken certain longings within oneself, whipping up precisely such materialistic ideas in one's worldview.

Now, that was a situation that existed at one time during the 19th century. People were in this situation, and anyone who wanted to could exploit it to their advantage. So anyone who saw through the matter could come along and develop some kind of one-sided tendency, some kind of left-wing path. He would not have been able to do so well if humanity had not been in a situation in the 19th century where it was easily seduced and tempted by the muddle of Ahriman and Lucifer.

Thus it came about that people of a thoroughly materialistic disposition had enough of Luciferic in their worldview to no longer believe in materialism, but to search for a spiritual worldview within materialism. Imagine that a type of person could emerge in the 19th century whose mind was entirely materialistic, who thought entirely materialistically, but whose heart longed for the spiritual. Where this is the case, the person in question will seek the spiritual in the material and will endeavor to give the spiritual itself a materialistic form.

If there is perhaps some individuality behind such a personality that sees through the whole thing, then this individuality has a very easy time with such a personality. For this individuality can then, if it has an interest in doing so, prepare this person in such a way that he or she seduces other people into seeing the spiritual in a material way, and then things that are calculated to lead people astray succeed. This works best when it is done in the right place, when things that are right are handed down to people, opening the door to things they long for. In this way, certain spiritual truths could be brought to humanity, and a one-sided tendency in a certain direction could be achieved by giving a certain number of truths with a materialistic coloring on the one hand, but still truths, and then on the other hand mixing in something that was bound to lead to error, but could not be easily noticed, so that it was bound to lead to error.

You see, something like this happened in the writing of Sinnett's “Secret Buddhism.” This book has Sinnett as its author. Behind him, however, is the one he calls his inspirer, whom we know as the later mask of a Mahatma individuality. Sinnett was a journalist, so he was completely immersed in the materialistic tendencies of the 19th century. We are therefore dealing with a personality whose mind was completely materialistic, but who also had a longing for a spiritual world. He therefore had the best disposition for seeking the spiritual world in the form of materialism, and so it came about that the individuality that had an interest in using materialism in a spiritual way to achieve special purposes had an easy time developing a seemingly spiritual teaching with a very eminent materialistic tendency in Sinnett's “secret Buddhism.”

Now you may say: But Sinnett's “secret Buddhism” is not a materialistic teaching! - The fact that one does not notice this is precisely what matters! The fact that the matter is so embellished and so hidden is precisely what matters, and it can only be understood if one makes the assumptions I have just made. Of course, the structure of the human being, the doctrine of karma and reincarnation, these are things that are true. But now there is an intimate connection between the materialistic matter and all these truths. A connection between the real spiritual view and a materialistic matter in the most eminent sense is present in Sinnett's book “Secret Buddhism,” but it was not easy to notice because there was hardly anyone who could see in the right way that something absolutely materialistic had flowed into the middle of a spiritual teaching. Something that was materialistic, not only in relation to the outer human mind, but also in relation to the spiritual worldview, in relation to what can be seen as spiritual from the spiritual point of view: that is the teaching given in “Secret Buddhism” about the eighth sphere.

These are therefore teachings that have a high degree of accuracy, into which this teaching about the eighth sphere is woven as an eminently materialistic deception. This teaching culminates in the assertion that the eighth sphere is the moon. This assertion can be found in Sinnett's “Secret Buddhism.” You know, precisely because of its journalistic qualities, because of the good way in which Sinnett's “Secret Buddhism” is written, it has had an enormous impact and won many hearts. They have now taken up not the actual teaching about the eighth sphere, but the strange assertion made by Sinnett: that the moon is the eighth sphere.

Now this Sinnett's “Secret Buddhism” was available. We know that it was written at a time when Blavatsky, after all the events I have described to you, had already been driven in the one-sided direction of the Indian occultists, those left-wing occultists who had their own special purposes. That is why the “Secret Buddhism” deals with the structure of the human being, the doctrine of karma and reincarnation. So it is written in contrast to those who wanted to make the doctrine of reincarnation disappear. You can also see the intensity of the struggle from this.

Blavatsky was in contact with American spiritualists who wanted to eliminate the doctrine of reincarnation. Mediumism was the means, and so these mediumistic forms were adopted. Because she rebelled, she was driven out and fell more and more into the hands of the Indians. She was driven into the hands of the Indians. From then on, an opposite current was attempted, and one could say that a struggle arose between Americanism and Indianism in relation to occultism. On the one hand, there was an absolute tendency to make the doctrine of repeated earthly lives disappear, and on the other hand, there was a tendency to bring this doctrine into the world, but in such a way that the materialistic tendencies of the 19th century were taken into account.

This could be done by preparing the doctrine of the eighth sphere as it is prepared in Sinnett's “Secret Buddhism.” On the other hand, there are a certain number of facts that are perhaps important enough to at least mention, because I do not want to frighten you with these remarks, but rather to enlighten you about the spiritual point of view from which we stand.

The fact that Sinnett's “Secret Buddhism” was written in such a way that it contained the prepared teaching of the eighth sphere gave rise to two difficulties. One difficulty was created by H.P. Blavatsky herself. She knew that what Sinnett had written was wrong. On the other hand, however, she was in the hands of those who wanted the false teaching to reach humanity. Therefore, she attempted—you can read about this in her “Secret Doctrine”—to correct this view of the eighth sphere and everything connected with it in a certain way. But she did it in such a way that people were even more confused, and so a certain discrepancy arose between Sinnett's “Secret Buddhism” and Blavatsky's “Secret Doctrine.” Blavatsky corrected in a way that actually served to support the one-sided tendency of the left-wing Indian occultists. She tried in a very peculiar way — we will notice this later — to shed a little more light on the truth as opposed to error. She therefore had to create a counterbalance. For from the point of view of the Indian occultists, it would have been very dangerous to reveal the truth in this way.

In order to create this counterbalance — we will understand this gradually — she took a special path. In doing so, she created the counterbalance by approaching the truth of the eighth sphere more closely than Sinnett. But on the other hand, in The Secret Doctrine, she launched a fierce tirade against everything that is Judaism and Christianity, immersing them in a certain doctrine about the nature of Yahweh. In this way, she attempted to compensate for what she had done well on the one hand with what she had done on the other, so that the Indian current of occultism would not suffer too much. She knew that such truths do not remain theoretical, without effect, like other theories that relate to the physical plane. These theories enter into the general life of the soul and color the sensations and feelings. They were designed to lead souls in a certain direction. It is as if one had an inextricable island of error inside.

Of course, H.P. Blavatsky did not know that the driving forces behind the two had an interest in cultivating a special purpose, this particular kind of error instead of the truth; to cultivate a type of error that was favorable to the materialistic trend of the 19th century, an error that could only arise in the flood of materialism. That is on the one hand.

On the other hand, even this matter made a great impression. Sinnett's “Secret Buddhism” and, in a certain sense, Blavatsky's “Secret Doctrine” made a great impression, especially on those who really wanted to search for the spiritual world. And that, in turn, naturally frightened those who had reason to be frightened that such an Oriental-colored occult current should ever have success.

Now there are a number of highly incomprehensible polemics against H.P. Blavatsky, against Sinnett, against the Theosophical Movement, and so on. But among the various polemics that have arisen over time against the Theosophical Movement, there are also those that originate from experts on the subject, but from one-sided experts. Anglican intellectual life had a tendency to allow as little as possible of the Orientalizing to come to the fore, and to allow as little as possible of the doctrine of repeated earthly lives to reach the people.

Now, undoubtedly among those who opposed the Oriental teachings on the grounds that they posed a threat to Christian culture in Europe were Christian esotericists. From this point of view, European occultists, esoteric Christians who were close to the High Church party, turned against them. And from this side, demonstrations took place that were intended to repel what emanated from H.P. Blavatsky and Sinnett as an Oriental current, but on the other hand to cultivate such esotericism in the outside world that was suitable for concealing the teaching of repeated earthly lives in particular. The interest of this group was to attach a certain current to the form of Christianity that was customary in Europe, without taking into account the doctrine of repeated earthly lives, which, however, had to be given. So they took a path similar to Sinnett's.

Now I must again expressly note that those who made the corresponding preparations were probably not fully aware that they were instruments of the individuality behind them. Just as Sinnett knew nothing of the actual tendencies of those behind him, so those who were close to the High Church did not know much about what was behind it. But they knew that what they were doing must make a great impression on the occultists, and that determined them to promote the other direction, which seeks to eradicate the doctrine of repeated earthly lives.

If, after these preliminary remarks, we look at what is supposed to express the particular error found in Sinnett, we see that it is the teaching that the eighth sphere manifests itself primarily in the moon, that the moon, with its influences and effects on human beings, represents the eighth sphere. Expressed in this form, this is an error. That is the point. If one is to investigate the influences of the moon and starts from Sinnett's premise, one is in a serious error that arises from a materialistic view and cannot be easily seen through. What was necessary if one wanted to cultivate the truth? It was necessary to point out the true facts concerning the moon as opposed to the erroneous representation found in Sinnett's “Secret Buddhism.”

Now read through my “Outline of Secret Science.” I had the task of describing how the moon is driven out of the earth. I placed particular emphasis on describing this departure of the moon very clearly. Here, the truth had to be pointed out in contrast to the error. It was therefore necessary, in contrast to the Indian current, to clearly describe the function of the moon in the development of the earth. That was one thing that had to be done in my “Occult Science.”

The other thing that had to be done will become clear to you when you consider how the people mentioned last appeared, who were also under a certain leadership and who did not want the teaching of repeated earthly lives, which they believed would change the form of Christianity as they were accustomed to it in Europe and America, to come among people as a truth. They have taken a special path. We can clearly study this path if we imagine how these occultists set to work to refute Sinnett's “Secret Buddhism.” Such occultists, who were close to the High Church, set out to refute Sinnett's “Secret Buddhism” and Blavatsky's “Secret Doctrine.”

In contrast to what is written in Sinnett's book about the eighth sphere, a great deal of good has actually been done, for it has been sharply pointed out from this quarter that Sinnett's hints about the eighth sphere and the moon are false. At the same time, however, this has been linked to another teaching: namely, it has been said from this side that human beings are not connected to the moon in the way Sinnett described, but in a different way. This other way has not been explicitly stated there, but it was clear that these people had understood something of the nature of the moon's emergence, as I have described in my “Secret Science.” But now these people emphasized the following particularly strongly. They said: The earth was never connected — especially not human beings — with the other planets of the solar system, so that human beings could never have lived on Mercury, Venus, Mars, or Jupiter. — So this side sharply emphasized that there is no connection between human beings and the other planets of the solar system. But this is the best way to spread another error and cast the greatest darkness over the doctrine of reincarnation. The other error, the error of Mr. Sinnett, even demands the doctrine of reincarnation in a certain way, but from a materialistic point of view. This error, however, which consists in saying that human beings never had anything to do with Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and so on during their earthly development, was not spread by those who published it, but by those who stood behind it. They influenced human souls in such a way that these human souls could never really believe in reincarnation seriously. Therefore, this side strongly emphasized that human beings had never had anything to do with anything other than the Earth, and had never had anything to do with the planets of our solar system.

If we now take human beings as they are between birth and death, you can imagine that, in terms of evolution, they are under the influence of the spirits of form. This is also described in “The Secret Science.” But if you then add the life from death to the next birth, something essential must be taken into account. Namely, that the sphere of influence of these spirits of form is divided into seven divisions, and of these seven divisions, Yahweh is actually assigned only one division, which primarily concerns life between birth and death. The other six guide life between death and a new birth.

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This can only be found by following life between death and a new birth. Just as Yahweh has to do with the earth and even made the sacrifice of going to the moon in order to paralyze certain things in the earth's development from there, so the other form spirits have to do with the other planets. But this must be veiled, kept secret, if one does not want to teach people the view of repeated earth lives; and one must do this concealing in concreto , it must be done in such a way that people do not become aware of this secret that I have just mentioned. For if they are distracted from a true view of life between death and a new birth, they will come to take life between birth and death without this secret and let mediums tell them that there is a being that only continued this earthly life.

There is an enormous amount of calculation in all the things that happen in this field. For, of course, the occultist who undertakes such things, if he belongs to the left-hand path, knows in which direction he must steer people's thoughts in order to steer their feelings in that direction and distract them from certain secrets so that they do not come out.

This was done from this side, and you can follow it in the literature. You will often find the assertion there that human beings have nothing to do with the other planets of our solar system, but what lies behind this is: nothing to do with the guiding spirits of these planets of our solar system. This was strongly emphasized from this side so that people would never develop ideas that would lead them to the plausibility of the doctrine of reincarnation. And that, you see, was now the other task: to present the truth as opposed to error on this side. If you read “An Outline of Esoteric Science,” you will find that this matter is also sharply brought out again: how human beings must leave the earth in order to spend part of their lives on other planets. In “An Outline of Esoteric Science,” this is sharply elaborated: on the one hand, the relationship to the moon and, on the other hand, the relationship to the other planets.

What these people wanted to achieve can be summarized as follows: they, too, are using the materialistic view of time. For, consider this: if you present the matter as I have done in my “Occult Science,” then you are assigning a role to the other planets in the development of our Earth! The other planets also belong to the development of the Earth; they are part of it. For the materialist, the planets float around in space as mere material blocks. One had to go back to their spiritual essence, back to the spirits of the planets, by presenting the functions they have for the spiritual development of humanity.

So you see how the spiritual movement was, in a sense, wedged between two directions, one of which sought to distort the truth about the moon, the other to distort the truth about the planets. That was the situation. These facts were quite evident at the end of the 19th century. H. P. Blavatsky and Sinnett wanted to distort the truth about the moon, while others, who also sought to distort the truth, wanted to distort the connection between the planets and the development of the earth. Do not think that it is easy to be caught between two such currents, for we are dealing with occultism, and occultism means that a greater power is necessary to grasp its truths than to grasp the ordinary truths of the physical plane. Therefore, however, there is also a greater power of deception that must be seen through. On the one hand, the truth about the moon is obscured by distortion, and on the other hand, the truth about the planets. This is not easy to see through, because a greater counterforce is necessary to see through the deception. So one was caught between two errors that had been made in favor of materialism. On the one hand, one had to reckon with the materialism that originated in the East, the side that made the moon issue in order to introduce the Eastern doctrine of reincarnation. The reincarnation aspect was correct, but we will see later to what extent a very strong concession was made to materialism with so-called “secret Buddhism.” On the other hand, there was a desire to preserve a special form of Catholic esotericism against the onslaught of the Indian trend, in order to make all that is spiritual, relating to the development of the entire planetary system, disappear into materialism. Wedged in between was what spiritual science has to do. This was the situation we were faced with. Everywhere, powerful forces were at work that wanted to bring one or the other current, as I have characterized them, to the fore.

Now it is a matter of showing how this distorted teaching about the moon is a very special concession to materialism, and how the correction that H. P. Blavatsky made the matter even worse, because on the one hand she corrected Sinnett's communications with great occult talent — which Sinnett did not have — but on the other hand she used special means that could preserve the error even more.

First of all, it is necessary to understand to what extent Sinnett's teaching about the eighth sphere is an error. Here you must adhere to the corrected teaching about the evolution of the Earth as a whole, that is, the teaching about the passage through the Saturn, Sun, and Moon evolutions and then through the Earth evolution. You must remember that the ancient moon was composed in a very different way from the earth. The actual mineral kingdom was only added during the earth period, and what constitutes the sensory world of the physical plane is completely impregnated with the mineral. You see nothing else in the plant, animal, and human kingdoms than what is imprinted in them as mineral. Your entire body is permeated by the mineral. That which is not mineral, that which is lunar, that which is solar, is only occult within it. One sees only the mineral, the earthly. This must be kept in mind when one starts from what man is now on earth and wants to answer the question: What in man is the inheritance from the old moon?

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You see, we have been preparing this whole consideration for a long time. Now we must say: the old moon human is already present in this human being, but in such a way that we must not imagine anything mineral in him. So, when you look at the earthly human being in such a way that you see only his mineral aspect, you must imagine the lunar human being within him. But this lunar human being has nothing mineral about him, so he cannot be seen with the physical eye. He can only be reached when he is seen with the spiritual eye. I could perhaps illustrate this better by hatching the lunar human being inside. Certain limbs are based on a lunar form. It is there inside, but this is only clear to a clairvoyant gaze. Of course, what is inside was there on the old moon. But just remember how it was seen on the old moon: it was seen through imaginative knowledge. They were undulating, flowing images. You can still find them today, but they had to be viewed — at least in those days — with atavistic clairvoyance. The old moon man could only be grasped with atavistic clairvoyance. At that time, this was the normal way of seeing. Ultimately, everything connected with this ancient lunar development can only be viewed in imaginations, in ancient visionary clairvoyance. The Moon Man can never be formed from the mineral earth; he can only be formed from the Moon, which can be grasped in imaginative clairvoyance. So we must also imagine for the ancient Moon era that the entire environment — just as our environment, i.e., plants, animals, rivers, mountains, is visible to the physical eye — was visible to the imaginative clairvoyance of the Moon people.

Now we know that the forces that lie in this ancient moon will reappear, repeat themselves in the development of the earth, and must reappear. But the development of the earth would have had to die, as I have shown in “Occult Science,” if these lunar forces had not been developed later. They could not remain within the Earth's forces. And why not? Consider that the entire Earth planet had to absorb the mineral kingdom; the Earth planet had to mineralize, so to speak. At the time when the Moon was on the Earth, the Moon's power was still within it. But this had to come out, and so the Moon had to separate itself from the Earth. I have described all this in Occult Science. It had to come out because it could not have existed within the mineralized Earth; that is, human beings would not have been able to develop as they did. But think carefully: I have told you that this moon can only be reached through imaginative clairvoyance. So if you think of human beings as they developed as earth beings and were predisposed to perceive with physical senses, you will understand that they could never have seen the moon leaving. The moon's departure and its remaining outside could only have been perceived clairvoyantly. Human beings were predisposed in such a way that the entire moon, as it moved out, could only have been seen clairvoyantly, and that the effects that would then have emanated from it could only have been those of the old lunar effects, which had such an impact on human beings that, among other things, they would have evoked imaginative clairvoyance in them.

Just imagine the situation humans faced at that time! They faced the situation that “human beings” could come into being, that the soul could descend from the planets, and so on. But the moon would have acted as a moon, and it would have acted in such a way that the forces with which humans descended would have been the same forces as those of the old moon that preceded the earth. No other human being would ever have seen this moon except those who had developed visionary clairvoyance.

Then, as a material side effect of this process, this emergence of the lunar forces, something else came about. I have already explained to you the relationship that Yahweh has to the moon. What happened was that, through this connection between Yahweh and the moon, the moon was also made material, mineral, but with a much coarser materiality than the materiality of the earth. So what can be seen today as the physical moon, which presupposes that the moon has a mineral impact, can be traced back to the action of Yahweh; it can be attributed to the fact that pieces were added to the old moon, which were put there by Yahweh. That is the product of Yahweh.

However, this also paralyzed the old lunar forces, which now work in a completely different way. If the moon had remained unmineralized, its forces would have worked in such a way that when the moon shone, it would always have evoked ancient atavistic clairvoyance in humans, or it would have affected the will in such a way that humans would have become sleepwalkers in the most extensive form. This has been paralyzed by the fact that the moon has also been mineralized. Now the old forces can no longer develop in this way.

This is a very important truth, an enormously important truth, because now you realize that the moon had to be mineralized so that it would not have a lunar effect in the old sense. So when we speak of the moon as a repetition of the old moon, we must speak of a globe that is not visible to the physical eye, that concerns the spiritual world, even if only the subconscious spiritual world that is visible to visionary clairvoyance. So we must speak of something spiritual when we speak of the repetition of the old moon. And that which is mineral in the moon has been added to the spiritual. That does not belong to it when one speaks of the moon in the old sense.

How did one reckon with the materialism of the 19th century? They did not believe that behind the material moon there still stands the important remnant of the old, non-mineralized moon. They did not believe that. So a concession was made to materialism. Only the materialized physical moon was taken into account. Thus Sinnett omitted the spirit precisely in relation to the moon. He only said—you can read it in “Secret Buddhism”—that the moon has a much coarser materiality than the earth. It does, and it must. But he completely omitted the occult aspect behind it, which I have hinted at. So he made the concession of speaking only of the materiality of the moon. But this does not take into account the spiritual aspect behind the moon. And that does not belong to the earth; it is much closer to the old moon than to the earth.

This fact has been completely obscured, and that has enormous consequences. For in doing so, Sinnett has cast a true thing — namely, that the moon has something to do with the eighth sphere — in a completely distorted light and misrepresented it in an enormously clever way. For he omitted the spiritual part of the moon, namely that the eighth sphere, of which the moon is said to be the representative, is that which is behind the moon, and he addressed that which was given for correction, for the paralysis of the eighth sphere, as the eighth sphere itself. The material is there in the moon to paralyze the eighth sphere, to render it ineffective.

People overlook how the eighth sphere would work if the material were removed from the moon. The whole nature of the human soul would be different on earth, and the fact that it is not different is due to the circumstance that a certain coarser materiality has been incorporated into the moon. Sinnett calls that which renders the eighth sphere ineffective, namely materiality, the eighth sphere, and he conceals that which the eighth sphere is, namely the ancient lunar forces. This is a trick often used in occultism: to say something that is basically true, but to say it in such a way that it is totally false — forgive the contradiction! It is wrong to say that the material aspect of the moon is the eighth sphere, because it is precisely the healer of the eighth sphere. But it is quite correct that the moon is the eighth sphere, because it really is up there in the moon, because the eighth sphere is centered in the moon, because it lives within it. And now we are ready to say in more precise terms than before what the eighth sphere really is, and what is so intimately connected with the spiritual sphere of 19th-century development.

I will continue tomorrow at this point.