Faculty Meetings with Rudolf Steiner
GA 300b
17 June 1921, Stuttgart
Twenty-Sixth Meeting
Dr. Steiner: We need to look more closely at the ninth grade. After I more thoroughly considered yesterday’s discussion, I do not think we can take care of that class if we burden one teacher like Dr. Schubert, which is what would undoubtedly happen. I think we need to hire another teacher for the 1b class, and, in my opinion, Dr. Plinke would do well as a Waldorf teacher. She was here just today. I asked about her a few days ago, but could not obtain any real information about her stay here. I think she should take over the 1b class, and then Dr. Schubert’s work could be done differently.
Concerning the curriculum of the tenth grade, we need to take into consideration German language and literature. That would be a continuation of what was done in the ninth grade.
A teacher: I had them read Jean Paul.
Dr. Steiner: You had them read and complete Jean Paul.
A teacher: They completed the chapter about humor.
Dr. Steiner: What is now important is that you begin a comprehensive presentation of meter and poetics. Upon the basis of what they have learned from Jean Paul, the children will be able to learn a great deal here. In any event, we must avoid normal pedantic school methods. We must teach living poetry in a living way and treat it in a reasonable manner.
The class could then study The Song of the Niebelungs and Gudrun. Where possible, you should study it in Middle High German. As time allows, go through it in Middle High German, but also speak about the entire context of the poem, its artistic and folk meaning and, aside from the passages that you read, go through it so that the children learn the entire content. Of course, with The Song of the Niebelungs, you could do some Middle High German grammar and compare it with that of modern High German. That would be sufficient for the tenth grade, but begin with meter.
A teacher: Could you perhaps recommend a German book about meter?
Dr. Steiner: They are all equally good and equally bad. Take a look at Göschen’s anthology, one of the worst methods, but you will find the concepts there. There isn’t a good book on meter and poetics—Bartsch, Lachmann, and so forth. Simrock attempted to maintain that in his Germanized version of The Song of the Niebelungs.
I gave the basics in a lecture in Dornach and showed how meter is connected to the interactions of the pulse and breathing look at the caesura when you study hexameter. You can see it as a harmony of the pulse, and, breathing. Today, we can’t go into metric theory.
It would still be good if we could arrange things in the eighth, ninth, and tenth grades so that the class teachers would relieve one another.
A teacher: We did that.
Dr. Steiner: So, when one begins at 8 o’clock in the tenth grade, the others would begin in the ninth and the eighth. It would not be good to change weekly. You need a longer period for each block. Our principle is to begin a block of learning and remain with it as long as possible. See if you can do that. We will also need to see that Dr. Schwebsch joins you as a fourth teacher when he comes. For the remaining classes, the plan will remain as it was. 1. Bartsch and Lachmann were more concerned with the scientific study of The Song of the Niebelungs. Simrock’s translation was published in 1827. Now Schubert can take over the whole subject of history, since he no longer has the 1b class.
Now we have history in the tenth grade. In order to teach economically, it will be important to be well-prepared. In the eighthand ninth-grade classes, do the same as before. In the tenth grade, we should return to the earliest period of history. Beginning with the earliest period, take history through the fall of free Greece, that is, beginning with the earliest Indian Period, go through the Persian, the Egypto-Chaldeaic and Greek until the end of Greek freedom, that is, until the battle of Charonea in 338 B.C.
For tenth-grade geography, describe the Earth as a morphological and physical whole. In geology, you will need to describe the Earth so that the form of the mountains is presented as a kind of cross, that is, the two rings of mountains in the east-west and north-south directions that cross one another. In morphology, discuss the forms of the continents, the creation of mountains, everything that enters into the physical realm, and then the rivers. Take up geological questions, physical characteristics, isotherms, the Earth as a magnet, the north and south magnetic poles. You need to do this in morphology. Continue on with the ocean currents, the air currents, the trade winds, and the inside of the Earth. In short, everything encompassed by the Earth as a whole.
How far have you come in mathematics?
A teacher: In algebra, exponents and roots, geometric drawing, and the computation of areas. We also did simple equations, equations with multiple unknowns, quadratic equations, and the figuring of the circumference and area of a circle.
Dr. Steiner: You could also teach them the concept of __. When you teach that, it is not important that you teach them about the theories of decimal numbers. They can learn the number __ to just one decimal place.
A teacher: We studied the number __ by looking at the perimeters of inner and outer regular polygons.
Dr. Steiner: What lines do the children know?
A teacher: Last year we studied the ellipse, hyperbola, and parabola from a geometrical perspective.
Dr. Steiner: Then, the children will need to learn the basics of plane trigonometry. I think that would be enough for now. How far did you come in descriptive geometry?
A teacher: The children learned about interpenetrating planes and surfaces. The children could certainly solve problems involving one triangle penetrated by another. They can also find the point of intersection of a line with a plane.
Dr. Steiner: Perhaps that is not necessary. You should actually begin with orthogonal projections, that is, from a point. You should go through the presentation of a plane as a plane, and not as a triangle.
You should then go on to the theory of planes and intersection of two planes and then, perhaps, to the basics of projective geometry. It is important to teach children about the concepts of duality, but you need to teach them only the most basic things.
A teacher: In trigonometry, wouldn’t it be necessary to go into logarithms?
Dr. Steiner: What? They don’t understand logarithms yet? You must do that in mathematics, it belongs there. They would know only the basic concepts of sine, cosine, and tangent, you need to say only a few sentences about that. They should learn only a couple of the relationships, for instance, sin 2a + cos 2a = 1, but they should understand that visually.
A teacher: Should the goal be to teach logarithms in the ninth grade?
Dr. Steiner: They should know enough about logarithms to be able to perform simple logarithmic computations.
Then we have physics.
A teacher: I was supposed to teach them to understand the locomotive and telephone.
Dr. Steiner: Yes, that was the goal, so that the children would have a preliminary overview of all of physics.
The teacher then describes what was done.
Dr. Steiner: With a grain of salt, it appears you did go through most of physics. That was when we should have gone through all that. It is sufficient if the children have an idea of it.
A teacher: I covered mechanics the least.
Dr. Steiner: Now is just the right time for that. You need to begin with mechanical forms [perhaps formulas]. It is best if you treat it mathematically. You need to go only far enough for the children to have a basic understanding of simple machines.
Then we have chemistry.
A teacher: The main thing we attempted to do was to present the differences between acids and bases.
Dr. Steiner: That is, of course, good. Do the children have a clear idea about the importance of salts, bases, and acids? Such things need to be done first. It is really terrible to speak about organic chemistry. We need to get away from that and expand our concepts. We could accomplish a great deal if we simply did what belongs to this year and did it by observing in detail basic and acidic substances as well as salts. We should, therefore, look at alkalines and acids, and then subsequently at the physiological processes so that the children understand them. We could begin with opposite reactions which we can see in the contrasting behavior of bee’s blood and digestive juices, since they are acidic and alkaline. In this way, we would touch upon physiological processes. You only need to work through the concepts of bitter and sour, base and acid with them. That is, take up the blood of the bee and its stomach acid because they react in opposite ways. Stomach acid is sour and the blood is bitter. Bees have these opposites of blood and stomach acid in their digestive organs. The same is true of human beings, but it is not so easy to demonstrate. It can be easily done, however, with bees in a laboratory.
How far have you come in natural history? Remember, we now have fourteen- and fifteen-year-olds.
A teacher: I have not done much there.
Dr. Steiner: Well, we will need to assign classes differently and have a fourth teacher.
A teacher: I will have at most a third of the year available to do all of this.
Dr. Steiner: You can do it in a third of a year. You could save some time if, in the future, we had two and a half hours in the morning for these three classes and compress the material somewhat. Then we could include a fourth teacher. We need to begin these three classes a little earlier and end them a little later.
A teacher: But then we will have difficulties for the other subjects because they change classrooms at the 10 o’clock recess.
Dr. Steiner: In the future we will not need as many hours of language instruction in all the grades as we have had. We do not need as much English and French in the tenth grade, that is absolutely unnecessary. We use too much time for modern languages. If we do languages so much in the lower classes as we have, we will not need to do so much in the upper grades. We can limit foreign languages somewhat in the upper grades.
It is important to consider minerals in natural history. In the tenth grade, we should also discuss the human being. We should also do mineralogy.
A teacher: What should we do about anthropology in the tenth grade?
Dr. Steiner: You will need to make the human being understandable, in a certain sense. Of course, you have to create a context in which you can make the human being as an individual understandable, so that you can later go on to ethnology. In making the individual human being understandable, you can take a great deal from Anthroposophy without getting the reputation of teaching Anthroposophy. That is the objective truth. Teach about the physical human being and its organs and functions in relation to the soul and spirit.
We also need to create a transition from shop into what is truly artistic. You have already done that with modeling, but now you can alternate that with painting. Paint with those children who are adept. We can look at the tenth-grade children as though they were in a college preparatory school, and thus we can move them into the various arts. I think we need some sort of class on aesthetics, and that is something that Dr. Schwebsch could do since he created an aesthetic connection between sculpture, painting, and music. He has done a great deal with music. In connection with musical aesthetics, you need to form a kind of sub-faculty: shop classes that move into the artistic and then into the musical, so that the aesthetic, but not musicology, is of concern. I think we should give the children as early as possible an idea of when a chair is beautiful or when a table is beautiful. You should do that in such a way as to stop all this nonsense about a chair needing to be pleasing to the eye. You should be able to feel the beauty of a chair when you sit upon it. You need to feel it. It is just the same as I said yesterday in the handwork class that the children need to be able to feel one way or another about what they have done, for instance, in cross-stitching. I think that in general, these things will all merge: handwork and shop with a feeling for art and music. Of course, this all must be done properly.
That has all been done in the most horrible manner in the college preparatory schools. Herman Grimm always complained that when people came to him, and he showed them pictures, they couldn’t tell whether a person was standing toward the front or back in the picture. People did not have the slightest idea about how to view them. The high-school students could not tell whether someone was standing toward the front or toward the back. We will see how things move in regard to instrumental music in the tenth grade.
A teacher: We need to begin it earlier.
Dr. Steiner: For the tenth grade, in any event.
A teacher: In the tenth-grade class, all of the children are doing instrumental music and I want to put them together and form a small orchestra. Most of the children belong.
Dr. Steiner: For those who are not participating, you would need to be certain that they willingly participate.
A teacher: We would certainly need two periods for the tenth grade, otherwise we could hardly do anything in choir.
Dr. Steiner: In the tenth grade, we could teach some harmony and counterpoint, so the children would want to perform. But, don’t force the issue. Wait until they come to it themselves.
In eurythmy, we need to work toward an ensemble. There are already some young men and women who can do complete ensemble forms. In music, it is important that when we begin working on something, we bring it to a certain degree of conclusion. It is better to complete three or four things in the course of the year than to simply begin all manner of things. You will soon get past the hurdle of boredom.
We must also teach children the simplest concepts of drafting. We could do that in the periods we otherwise use for languages. We need only one period per week for drafting and for surveying, also only one hour per week. We could do drafting for a half year and then surveying. In drafting, you should begin with screws, something that is not normally done. We should do that because we should begin with the character of what is material, with the poetic in drafting, and only later go onto dynamic subjects. You will certainly have enough to do in a half year without that, so teach all about the screw in drafting. You will, of course, have to guide the children so that they can draw screw forms. Work on drills and screws and worm gears.
In surveying, it will be enough if you bring the children so far along that they can determine the horizon and then simple landscapes, vineyards, orchards, and meadows, so they have an idea of how they are drawn.
Concerning spinning, you should begin with the tools, like the spinning wheel or hand loom and so forth, and first teach primitive spinning and weaving. They won’t be able to do much more than learn the simplest things and ideas. They do not need to come much further than to understand how a thread is created and how a piece of cloth is woven. You should be happy if they acquire some skill in the years. They should have some understanding of the fibers, also. And, in addition, you should teach them the historical development. To give it some spice, they should also learn about more complicated forms, since the simpler forms are no longer used.
In health class, teach simple bandaging, roughly what is needed in first aid. Let the boys do it also, tenderly and decently, and things will move along. It is not important whether they think they can do it, it is sufficient if they simply acquire an idea about it. For this, you will need one period a week for half a year.
You should see to it that the girls watch the tomboys and the boys, the more effeminate girls. The boys should not do it, they should simply become accustomed to it. They could talk a little bit among themselves about which girls do it best.
While the boys are drawing screws, the girls should talk about that in a more theoretical way. One problem with drafting is that it takes so much time to do so little. You do all kinds of things, use a great deal of time, but not much gets done. You could make the period quite exciting since the boys won’t do very much otherwise. There is certainly a lot we could do in this period of life to make things more exciting. I have noticed that they are a little bit sleepy, the boys and girls.
Tenth-grade French: Do literature and culture. I would do it by beginning with the more modern and going backward to older things, that is, in reverse. What can the children do in French?
A teacher: Simple conversation.
Dr. Steiner: They could read Le Cid. The children should begin to have some concept of classical French poetry. Do Molière later. I would prefer that you do not rush from one thing to another. If you like Le Cid, then do all of it. We can add other things during the year.
A teacher: What should I do in English? I have covered all of the background information about the text.
Dr. Steiner: Continue with that. Then see if the children can freely write a paragraph. There are some students in the language class who think they can do it better than the teacher. That is easy to see. Foreign language teachers are seldom accepted if they are not foreigners and speak with an accent. You need to pay a little attention here. This is a difficult problem, but we will need to stick with the principle that things will come with time.
When we do not teach efficiently, we burden the students. We should avoid wasting time for that reason. We should not do everything as though we had an endless amount of time. It is apparent that we too often assume we have an endless amount of time.
A teacher asks if he should do Dickens.
Dr. Steiner: Our plans are good enough. Now we have only Latin and Greek. What can the children do there?
A teacher: Ovid, without always translating.
Dr. Steiner: Continue that. They need to be able to understand at least simple things in Greek.
We should give as much Latin and Greek as we can. It is not so important that we use the encapsulated methods used at the college preparatory schools. That is nonsense. We should give somewhat more emphasis to Latin and Greek and somewhat less to modern languages. In the lower grades, we need to come so far that later we do not need to use so much time. Our job is to make it clear to as many students as possible that it is something beautiful. I cannot understand why more boys do not want to learn it. Use more time in the upper grades for Latin and Greek.
A teacher makes a remark.
Dr. Steiner: Such problems come up. If we add stenography to our curriculum, we need to start now.
A teacher: Most of them already do it.
Dr. Steiner: That doesn’t concern us. We need to ask ourselves if we should use these two periods a week to teach stenography in the tenth grade and, then, which system. Gabelsberger? The boundary for that is here. Gabelsberger predominates here and in Bavaria also. I think the Gabelsberger method would do the least damage. If only stenography had never been created! But now that it exists, people cannot live without it, just like the telephone. Well, Gabelsberger it is. Two periods of stenography.
We can no longer address the girls in the tenth grade with the informal “you.” It’s bad enough when a teacher is not old enough.
Evening lectures: One or two hours for those who have completed the eighth or ninth grades and have left the school. The children will learn the practical things they need to know outside. It would be good for the health of the children, though, if they were taught about aesthetics and art and literary history.
In the independent religious instruction, we have not yet taught the children the Psalms. The ten-year-olds could understand the Psalms. Discuss everything in the Psalms. Give a kind of inner contemplation of the Psalms so you can crown it by singing them.
A teacher: What should I do now? I am getting past fairy tales.
Dr. Steiner: Use the symbolism that comes from the material, for instance, the meaning of the festivals. There is so much information in the lectures about Christmas, Easter, and Whitsun. You could discuss most of what those lectures contain. If you present it properly, it would be quite good for children, particularly at that age. Try to stay connected with the times of the festivals. You could begin a little earlier and end a little later, though. Spend four weeks on Christmas.
A teacher: Could we use Michelangelo’s statues when we do the prophets?
Dr. Steiner: Yes, that is possible.
A teacher: Should we work from the sculptural perspective?
Dr. Steiner: It would be good to know how far you have come, and how you would continue.
Transition to consideration of the Psalms. Then take up the Laocoön group, so that the tragic and lofty are expressed. It is the moment of death.
A teacher: Can I continue teaching religion in the same way in the third and fourth grades?
Dr. Steiner: You should not believe you can leave out Christ.
A teacher: I have done Old Testament history.
Dr. Steiner: Do not limit yourself to Old Testament history.
A teacher: How should I begin with the first grade?
Dr. Steiner: In the past, we have always tried to begin with natural phenomena. That was even the theme of the lower grades. Then, we slowly went on to stories and to tales we made up. From that, we went on to the Gospels and created scenes from the Gospel of St. John. We began with a kind of natural religion. It is important that we create a religious feeling in the children in a natural way by connecting all things together.
Comments are made about a religion teacher’s teaching methods. He was unable to keep the children under control, so they just walked around in class.
Dr. Steiner: That cannot occur again. That is a tremendous setback. Things certainly cannot be the way they were in Haubinda. Some of the students were lying about on the floor and stretching their legs up into the air, others were lying on the window sill, and still others on the tables. None of them sat in their chairs properly. A short story by Keller was read aloud, but there was no hint of a religious mood. That was in 1903.
A teacher: We have done Jean Paul in the ninth grade. We were also to do Herman Grimm. What should we read in the eighth grade?
Dr. Steiner: Also Herman Grimm.
A teacher: I am beginning with Jean Paul. You suggested doing the chapter on humor.
Dr. Steiner: You have to do the whole thing, including the historical context and literary history.
A teacher: What should I read in seventh-grade French class? I chose poetry.
Dr. Steiner: Read stories, La Fontaine.
A teacher asks about anthropology in the fourth grade.
Dr. Steiner: You should do what is appropriate there. In the fourth grade, you will have to remain more with external things. That is possible in nearly every class. The skeleton is, of course, the most abstract thing. I would not consider it for itself, but include it with the entirety of the human being. I would not handle the skeleton by itself, even in the tenth grade. I would begin more with the picture of the whole human being. The way Dr. von Heydebrand did it was good. You should try to make a plausible group of ideas about the human being.
A handwork teacher: Should we try to teach the new children knitting, or could we simply integrate them into the regular classwork?
Dr. Steiner: It would be best to have them learn to knit first, and then have them do the same thing as the rest of the class.
A teacher: Is it best to study commerce and finances in connection with mathematics?
Dr. Steiner: Yes, do it with mathematics, and also in other areas. A question is asked about business writing.
Dr. Steiner: I recently asked that The Coming Day do something and received the reply yesterday. I told them I could not accept it as it was. I have to be able to understand what happened. Usually you can’t tell what happened. In the first case, the address was incorrect, and secondly, instead of what I wanted to know, namely, if something had been moved to a different location, other things were included. The third thing it included was something that did not interest me at all, namely, the charges they had incurred. I could not find out what I wanted to know, namely, whether the task was done, from what was written in the reply. A different address was given. That comes from a superficiality because people do not believe things need to be exact.
You only need to say what happened. You should try to understand the course of a business relationship, and then write from that perspective. That can best be done in a critical way. You should try to probe, to get behind all this gibberish, and see if you can’t bring some style into it.
Concerning business writing: If you need an expert opinion about something, then that opinion is a business report. Information of various sorts, sales reports and so forth, those are all business reports. It is not so terribly bad if you do something wrong. Someone who can do something will find their way better than someone who can do nothing. Those who do things are the ones who most often cannot do them.
Using simple expressions is better than normal “business style.” Some of the things I have experienced myself, I could not repeat here, they were so terrible. It is really not so bad if you simply summarize the situation and repeat it. Everyone can understand that. This is not connected with business alone. You need only read some legal opinion or legal judgment. I once read that a railway is a straight or curving means of movement on a plane or a number of planes with greater or lesser degree of elevation from a particular goal, and so forth. It was sixteen lines.
When you create your lessons, always consider how you can draw them out of the nature of the children.
Be careful when a school inspector comes that he does not leave with his questions unanswered. He may ask questions in such a way that the children cannot answer them. We should work so that the children can handle even the most surprising questions. We certainly want to hold good to what our official plan is, namely, that the children know what they might be asked at the end of the 3rd and sixth grades without preparing them for that specifically. We certainly do not want to work like those teachers do who drill the children about specific questions. The school inspector comes and asks a child if he believes in God. “I believe in God.” The inspector then asks if he believes in Jesus Christ. “No. The one who believes in Jesus Christ sits behind me.” That must not happen here.
We should also be careful that the class teachers do not enter the classroom too late. That is one of the main reasons why the children get into such an uproar, namely, that they are left to themselves because the teacher is not there.
A comment.
Dr. Steiner: (Speaking to a teacher whose class is to be divided) You should try to make the division yourself. It’s best, since you know the children, that you try to do what is best according to your feeling. Otherwise, you could simply take the children who have been here the longest, and the new teacher would take the new children.
A comment concerning the student library.
Dr. Steiner: Do Grillparzer, Hamerling, and Aspasia as late as possible. Do König von Sion as soon as you have done history. You can let them read Ahasver and Lessing at fifteen. Recently, you could have had them read the Zerbrochenen Krug (The broken pitcher). You don’t need to emphasize the Prussian dramas. You could have them read Shakespeare in English. Your goal in such things should be to have them read such things as Shakespeare in the language in which they were written. When the children are so old that they normally do not learn a new language, they should read things in translation, things that are as important as Shakespeare is for English. You should not have the children read Racine and Corneille in German except when they can’t read it in French. Include Fercher von Steinwand and also the twenty-four volume history by Johannes Müller. They should become accustomed to that style. You can also include other things for the children. Fairy tales and mysteries about good and evil are good for children, but you cannot give them the whole book.
We need to consider the faculty. We need a new teacher, and Dr. Plinke might be good. It would be good—you will excuse me—if we alternate, man, woman; man, woman, as otherwise this school will become too feminine.
A teacher is suggested.
Dr. Steiner: He is only “half grown” and will still grow. Isn’t it true that we have men and women equally?
A teacher: There are more men.
Dr. Steiner: I am certainly in favor of equality, but not in a forced way. That is also dangerous. We should have Miss Michels come as a gardener. We could telegraph her.
A comment about the opening ceremony on the coming Saturday is made.
Dr. Steiner: I could speak first, and then all the teachers. I think we should take all the class teachers beginning with the higher grades downward, one after another, and then representatives of the different subjects. We could begin with the top, that is, with the 10th grade. The subject teachers should also speak. We could present the 10th, 9th, and 8th-grade teachers, then the eurythmy, music, foreign language, handwork and shop teachers. We should invite somebody from the ministry, though I don’t think he will come. But, that is another question. Others will also be here.
Someone asks what they should say.
Dr. Steiner: You will find that your goals and intentions for your class at the beginning of the school year fill you with inspiration. Perhaps I should say more about what you should leave out. Everyone is thinking about their goals and intentions. I don’t think it would be proper for me to tell you what to say. It is too bad we cannot do something original in eurythmy, that would certainly be a nice thing to do. The ceremony should be very dignified. It is a problem that we have to hold it in the hall in the botanical gardens. It is a problem that we cannot have the ceremony here. We could not even fit all the children in here, let alone the other people. They could only stand. The faculty should do something at the beginning of school. We will divide the children into the 1st through sixth grades, and seventh through tenth. We’ll have to do that next year.
Sechsundzwanzigsie Konfekenz
RUDOLF STEINER: Meine lieben Freunde, wir haben uns zu sorgen über die 9. Klasse. Nachdem ich mir das Ergebnis dessen, was wir gestern besprochen haben, gründlicher angesehen habe, erscheint es mir doch nicht möglich, dass wir den Unterricht besorgen, wenn wir einzelne Lehrer so überlasten, wie es ohne Zweifel hier der Fall wäre.
Vor allen Dingen ist es nicht möglich, die Überlastung von Dr. Schubert in einer solchen Weise zu haben, wie es bis jetzt projektiert ist, trotzdem wir den Dr. Schwebsch zu erwarten haben, aber, wie ich glaube, für ihn reichlich Arbeit haben werden, auch wenn er nicht die 1. Klasse übernimmt.
[Es] scheint mir doch notwendig, noch eine Lehrkraft anzustellen für die 1. Klasse b, und da ist jetzt gerade - da erscheint es mir ganz gut, Frau Dr. Plincke als Waldorflehrerin anzustellen. Sie war heute da; ich hatte mich schon vor einigen Tagen um sie erkundigt, konnte aber nicht einmal etwas Richtiges erfahren [über ihren Aufenthalt]. Ich würde dann meinen, dass sie die 1. Klasse b zu übernehmen hätte, und dann würde sich die Arbeit von Dr. Schubert in einer anderen Weise gestalten. [...] [Weiteres zur Klasseneinteilung.]
Nun haben wir für [den Lehrplan] der 10. Klasse das Folgende zu bedenken. Wir werden da zunächst so etwas wie deutsche Sprache und Literatur zu berücksichtigen haben. Nun, nicht wahr, es würde wohl die Fortsetzung dessen sein, was Sie in der 9. Klasse hatten.
WALTER JOHANNES Stein: Ich habe Jean Paul gehabt.
RUDOLF STEINER: Sie haben Jean Paul durchgenommen und sind damit fertig.
WALTER JOHANNES Stein: Das Kapitel über Humor, das als Aufgabe gestellt war, hat seinen Abschluss gefunden.
RUDOLF STEINER: Nun würde es sich darum handeln, dass Sie jetzt beginnen und weiter fortsetzen eine etwas zusammenhängende Darstellung dessen, was man als Metrik und Poetik bezeichnet. Die Kinder werden auf Grundlage dessen, was sie in Anlehnung an Jean Paul gelernt haben, auf manches eingehen können. Es muss vermieden werden die gewöhnliche pedantische Schulmethode, die da [sonst] eingehalten wird. Es muss also in lebendiger Weise, in Anlehnung an lebendige Dichtung Metrik und Poetik, was man gewöhnlich so nennt, ins Vernünftige umgesetzt behandelt werden.
Dann würde in dieser Klasse durchzunehmen sein das Nibelungenlied und Gudrun. Womöglich dahin arbeiten, dass man es in der mittelhochdeutschen Sprache durchnimmt. Man würde es so machen, dass, soviel die Zeit gestattet, man mittelhochdeutsch durchnimmt, aber [auch] das ganze Milieu bespricht, aus dem die Dichtung gewachsen ist, die künstlerische volkstümliche Bedeutung durchspricht und, abgesehen von dem, was man gewissermaßen als Proben liest, [auch den ganzen Inhalt] der großen Gedichte den Kindern vermittelt. [Dann auch], natürlich in Anlehnung an das Nibelungenlied, etwas [mittelhochdeutsche] Grammatik in Vergleichung mit der neuhochdeutschen Grammatik. Das jedenfalls würde das Lehrpensum sein, das Sie in der 10. Klasse durchzunehmen hätten. Anfangen mit der Metrik.
WALTER JOHANNES STEIN: Würden Sie mir selbst ein Buch zum Studium anempfehlen [für die Metrik im Deutschunterricht]?
RUDOLF STEINER: Es ist jedes gleich gut und gleich schlecht. Sehen Sie nach bei [der Sammlung] Göschen in einer der schlechtesten Methoden, damit Sie die Aufeinanderfolge der Begriffe haben. Es gibt keine gute deutsche Metrik und Poetik; Bartsch, Lachmann. - Nibelungenlied, [von] Simrock verdeutscht; er hat versucht, sich daran zu halten.
Die Elemente habe ich gegeben in einem Vortrag in Dornach. [Ich habe da die Metrik aus dem Zusammenstimmen] zwischen Pulsschlag und Atmung physiologisch begründet. Man kann den Hexameter studieren, wenn man die Zäsur dazunimmt, [als Zusammenklang] von Pulsschlag und Atmung. Es ist heute nicht möglich, dass wir die metrische Theorie entwickeln.
Nun wäre zu wünschen, dass es so gemacht würde in der 8., 9., 10. Klasse, dass von denjenigen Lehrern, welche beschäftigt sind als Hauptlehrer, abgewechselt würde —
Einwurf: Das ist gemacht worden!
RUDOLF STEINER: — so, dass also, wenn Stein um acht Uhr anfängt in der 10. Klasse, so muss ein anderer in der 9. und 8. anfangen. Wochenweise wechseln wird nicht gut sein. Man muss doch längere Zeit verwenden für ein solches Kapitel. Ich würde eben - wir haben das Prinzip, ein Kapitel durchzunehmen - so lange dabei bleiben, als es geht. Versuchen [Sie], dass sich das dann verteilen lässt! Dazu wird es notwendig sein, dass man noch gerade für diese drei Klassen Dr. Schwebsch [als vierten] verwenden wird, wenn er kommt. Jetzt kommen in Betracht: Stein, Schubert, Stockmeyer für diese drei Klassen, die werden sich verteilen müssen. Für die übrigen Dinge bleibt der Lehrplan so, wie er war, durch alle Klassen hindurch.
Nun käme Geschichte in der 10. Klasse. Es wird also jetzt möglich sein, dass Schubert die Gesamtgeschichte unterrichtet, weil die 1b [für ihn] wegfällt. Es handelt sich darum, für den ökonomischen Unterricht [das] recht gut vorzubereiten. Es wäre gut, wenn Sie die ganzen Geschichtsstunden machen. [In der] 8. und 9. Klasse dasselbe Pensum [wie bisher]. [In der] 10. Klasse, [da] würde man bis in die älteste historische Zeit zurückgehen, [würde beginnen] mit der ältesten Zeit und würde die Geschichte so eingeteilt führen bis zum Untergang der Freiheit Griechenlands; also älteste ägyptische Zeit, [griechische Zeit] bis zum Untergang der griechischen Freiheit, bis zur Schlacht bei Chäronea 338.
10. Klasse geografischer Unterricht.
Jemand fragt: In welcher Weise?
RUDOLF STEINER: Beschreibung der Erde als [eines] morphologischen [und physikalischen] Ganzen. In der Geologie müsste man die Erde [so] beschreiben, dass die ganze Gestaltung [der Gebirge] eine Art Kreuz ist, die beiden aufeinander sich kreuzenden Ringe, die Ost-West-Richtung und die Nord-Süd-Richtung. - [Morphologisches]: die Formen der Kontinente; die Entstehung der Gebirge: dasjenige, was ins Physische übergeht; [dann] die Flüsse. [Geologisches, Physikalisches]; Isothermen; die Erde als ein Magnet, nördlicher, südlicher Magnetpol. In dieser Weise morphologisch. Im Anschluss daran Meeresströmungen, Luftströmungen, [Passatströmungen, das Erdinnere]; kurz, alles was die Erde als Ganzes umfasst.
10. Klasse Mathematik: Wie weit sind Sie [bisher] gekommen?
KARL STOCKMEYER: Algebraische Potenzen und Wurzelrechnungen. Geometrisches Zeichnen, darstellende Geometrie. Flächenberechnungen habe ich gemacht. Einfache Gleichungen, Gleichungen mit mehreren Unbekannten, quadratische Gleichungen. Umfang und Flächenberechnung des Kreises.
RUDOLF STEINER: Man kann den Begriff des ℼ beibringen. - Wenn man den Begriff beibringt, dann kann es sich nicht darum handeln, dass sie Theorien über Dezimalien bekommen. Sie können die Zahl ℼ bis zu einer Dezimalstelle kennenlernen.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Wir haben die Ableitung der Zahl ℼ aus dem Umfang der eingeschriebenen und umgeschriebenen Vielecke des Kreises gemacht.
RUDOLF STEINER: Was für Linien kennen die Kinder?
KARL STOCKMEYER: Wir haben im vorigen Jahr gezeichnet, als geometrischen Ort verstanden, Ellipse, Hyperbel und Parabel.
RUDOLF STEINER: Es würde sich [jetzt] darum handeln, dass die Kinder die ersten Elemente der ebenen Trigonometrie kennenlernen. Ich glaube, das können wir zunächst als Pensum betrachten. Dann kommt die Deskriptive. Wie weit sind Sie gekommen?
KARL STOcKMEYER: Punkt, Gerade, sich durchschneidende Gerade, sich durchdringende Flächen dargestellt. Nachher wurde die Schwierigkeit überwunden, die Kinder hatten sehr viel Freude damit.
RUDOLF STEINER: Wie weit sind Sie gekommen?
KARL STOCKMEYER: Dass sie die Darstellung von sich durchdringenden Ebenen und Flächen verstanden haben. Zwei Dreiecksflächen, die sich durchdringen, das würden die Kinder als Aufgabe schon lösen können, [auch], dass sie aufsuchen könnten den Durchdringungspunkt einer Geraden mit einer Ebene. Den finden sie schon.
RUDOLF STEINER: Das ist vielleicht nicht notwendig. - Man müsste eigentlich die Methode so machen, dass man also ausgeht von der Projektion, Orthogonalprojektion, dass man von der Projektion ausgeht, Punkt - Gerade, dass man die Darstellung der Ebene nimmt, der Ebene als Ebene, nicht der Ebene als Dreieck.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Das hätte ich mir vorgenommen, dazu bin ich nicht gekommen.
RUDOLF STEINER: Es müsste dann angeschlossen werden die Lehre von den Ebenen und [Lücke in der Mitschrift] und Schnitten zweier Ebenen. Und dann, nicht wahr, die daran anschließenden ersten Elemente der Lagengeometrie. Vor allen Dingen bringen Sie den Kindern Begriffe bei von der Dualität.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Darauf bin ich schon eingegangen.
RUDOLF STEINER: Sie brauchen nur die allerersten Dinge beizubringen.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Im Zusammenhang mit der Trigonometrie wird es freilich schon notwendig sein, auf Logarithmen einzugehen.
RUDOLF Steiner: Den Begriff des Logarithmus haben sie noch gar nicht? Das muss natürlich eigentlich mitgenommen werden in der Mathematik. Das gehört noch hinein. Sie werden nur die Grundbegriffe kennen: Sinus, Cosinus, Tangens. Ein paar Sätze, das kann für sich genommen werden. Ein paar von diesen Beziehungen, dass sie anfangen zu begreifen \(sin^2a + cos^2a = 1\), möglichst anschaulich zu begreifen.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Sollte es angestrebt werden, die Logarithmenlehre schon in der 9. Klasse anzubringen?
RUDOLF STEINER: Es genügt, wenn sie mit Logarithmen so weit kommen, dass sie einfache logarithmische Rechnungen ausführen können.
Dann haben wir Physik.
KARL STOCKKMEYER: Ich sollte bis zur Lokomotive kommen.
RUDOLF STEINER: Das sollte das Ziel sein. [Und das] Telefon?
KARL STOCKMEYER: Das habe ich auch gemacht.
RUDOLF STEINER: Sodass die Kinder einmal das Gesamtgebiet der Physik durchgenommen haben.
KARL STOCKMEYER sagt, was er durchgenommen hat.
RUDOLF STEINER: Das scheint mir cum grano salis zu sein, dass wir die ganze Physik durchgenommen haben. Es wäre die Zeit, wo man [alles] durchgenommen haben müsste. Es genügt, wenn die Kinder Vorstellungen [davon] haben.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Am wenigsten behandelt ist die Mechanik.
RUDOLF STEINER: Dazu ist jetzt gerade die richtige Zeit. Man müsste mit mechanischen Formen (Formeln?) beginnen. Das würde man am besten nach der Behandlung des Mathematischen nehmen. Man braucht nur so weit zu kommen, dass die Kinder die einfachen Maschinen gründlich verstehen.
[Dann die] Chemie.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Da haben wir vor allen Dingen versucht, den Unterschied zwischen Säure und Base durchzunehmen.
RUDOLF STEINE Das ist alles natürlich gut. Haben die Kinder eine deutliche Vorstellung von der ganzen Bedeutung eines Salzes, einer Säure, einer Base? Diese Sachen müssen zunächst gemacht werden. Es ist gräulich, von der organischen Chemie zu reden. Man müsste etwas darüber wegkommen und die Begriffe erweitern. Sehr viel könnte man tun, wenn man einfach jetzt in diesem Jahr, was hereingehört in dieses Jahr, erschöpfend ordentlich beobachten würde: Basisches, Säurchaftes, Salzhaftes; dann also vom alkalischen und sauren Reagieren [reden] und nachher anschließen, [so]dass sie ein Verständnis dafür bekommen. Man kann ausgehen von der entgegengesetzten Reaktion, etwa Futtersaft und Bienenblut, weil man da Alkalisches und Saures hat, in dem [es] gipfeln lassen, in dem entgegengesetzten Verhalten von Bienenblut und Bienensaft. Auf diese Weise hat man den Eingang in die physiologischen Prozesse Sie brauchen ihnen nur die Begriffe herauszuarbeiten: Alkalisches, Saures; Basen, [Säuren]; Salze. Dann also, weil das charakteristisch ist, Bienenblut und Futtersaft der Biene, weil die entgegengesetzt reagieren; Futtersaft reagiert sauer, Bienenblut reagiert alkalisch. Diesen polarischen Gegensatz von Blut und Futtersaft, was die Biene in den Verdauungsorganen darinnen hat. Es ist beim Menschen auch so; man kann es [nur] nicht so charakteristisch konstatieren. Bei den Bienen kann man es sehr leicht am Laboratoriumstisch machen.
Wie weit sind wir in der Naturgeschichte gekommen? Wir haben Vierzehn- bis Fünfzehnjährige.
KARL STOCKMEYER [vermutlich]: Da habe ich sehr wenig durchgenommen. Etwas haben sie gehört bei der Besprechung von Herders Ideen [Herders «Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte»].
RUDOLF STEINER: Es ist furchtbar wenig. Es wird doch notwendig sein, dass wir einfach die Stundenverteilung so machen; deshalb möchte ich, dass man Schwebsch [als einen vierten Lehrer] zu Hilfe ruft.
KARL STOCKMEYER [vermutlich]: Der kann nicht Naturgeschichte unterrichten.
Wenn ich das alles durchnehme, so habe ich für das Pensum höchstens ein Drittel des Jahres zur Verfügung.
RUDOLF STEINER: In diesem Drittel können Sie das durchnehmen. Sie können noch Zeit ersparen, wenn wir in der Zukunft für diese drei Klassen zweieinhalb Stunden am Morgen nehmen und dafür [den Stoff] zusammendrücken. Dann aber könnte ein Vierter als Unterrichtender eingefügt werden. Man müsste die drei Klassen etwas früher anfangen [und] später aufhören lassen.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Dann gibt es Schwierigkeiten für andere Fachlehrer, weil der Wechsel in der Zehn-Uhr-Pause sein muss.
RUDOLF STEINER: Wir werden nicht nötig haben, durch alle Klassen so viel Sprachstunden zu haben, wie wir bisher hatten. Wir brauchen in der 10. nicht mehr so viel Englisch und Französisch. Das ist gar nicht nötig. Sprachunterricht haben wir in Bezug auf die modernen Sprachen zu viel. Wenn wir es [in den unteren Klassen] so reichlich treiben, wie wir es gemacht haben, dann haben wir es nicht nötig, in den höheren Klassen so viel zu treiben. Der Sprachunterricht kann zeitlich eingeschränkt werden.
In der Naturgeschichte haben sie gar nichts gelernt. Vor allen Dingen hätten wir jetzt eine gewisse Betrachtung des Mineralischen nötig. Wir würden in der 10. Klasse jetzt kommen zu einer Betrachtung des Menschen. [Und] Mineralogie muss gemacht werden. Wir müssen jetzt Mineralogie durchnehmen.
KARL STOCKMEYER [vermutlich]: Es ist jetzt ganz gut möglich. Jetzt habe ich die Möglichkeit bekommen, die Sammlung zu ordnen, und die kann benutzt werden.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Was sollte in der Anthropologie behandelt werden in der 10. Klasse?
RUDOLF STEINER: Man müsste gewissermaßen den Menschen verständlich machen. Sie müssten sich natürlich die Möglichkeit verschaffen, den Menschen als einzelnes Wesen verständlich zu machen, damit man später auf die Ethnografie übergehen kann. - [Den Menschen als einzelnes Wesen verständlich machen], da gibt es so viel, was aus der Anthroposophie herausgeholt werden kann. Über nichts ist so viel zu finden, ohne dass man in den Ruf kommen muss, dass man Anthroposophie treibt. Das ist das Objektiv-Wahrhaftige. Der physische Mensch in seinen Organen und Organfunktionen [im Zusammenhang mit Seelischem und Geistigem].
Nun muss der Handfertigkeitsunterricht hinübergezogen werden nach dem wirklich Künstlerischen. Das haben Sie [zu Max Wolffhügel] schon getan mit dem Modellieren. Das kann man abwechseln lassen mit Malen; dass Sie mit denjenigen, die geschickt dazu sind, malen. Bei denjenigen, die jetzt in die 10. Klasse kommen, kann man Rücksicht nehmen, dass wir sie haben werden wie am Gymnasium; durch das können wir ins Künstlerische und Kunstgewerbliche hinüberkommen. Ich meine, dass wir da noch etwas wie eine Art Ästhetisches brauchen, und da könnte der Dr. Schwebsch [eintreten], dass er die ästhetische Verbindung herstellt zwischen dem Plastisch-Malerischen und dem Musikalischen. Mit dem Musikalischen hat er sich viel beschäftigt. In der Musik ist er mehr theoretisch. In der Musikästhetik — was in den Elementen auftreten müsste —, da müssten Sie zusammen eine Art Subkollegium bilden: Handfertigkeitsunterricht, der ins Kunstgewerbliche hinübergeht und dann ins Musikalische, dass das Ästhetische, nicht das Musiktheoretische gepflegt wird. Ich würde doch meinen, dass man möglichst früh den Kindern den Begriff beibringt, wann ein Sessel schön ist, wann ein Tisch schön ist. Dass Sie es so machen, dass der Unfug aufhört, dass ein Stuhl schön sein soll für das Auge. Der Stuhl, man will ihn fühlen, seine Schönheit, [wenn man sich darauf setzt]. Geradeso, wie ich es gestern im Handarbeitsunterricht gesagt habe, dass die Kinder fühlen sollen, dass, wenn etwas aufgemacht wird nach der einen Seite, dass [das] auch in der Stickerei empfunden wird. Ich glaube überhaupt, es werden jetzt die Dinge etwas zusammenwachsen. Sie werden etwas zusammenwachsen: Handarbeitsunterricht, Handfertigkeitsunterricht, das künstlerische Empfinden [und Musik]. Das muss natürlich ordentlich gemacht werden, dass man diese Dinge überwindet.
In den Gymnasien ist das in schrecklicher Weise gewesen oder ist es noch. Herman Grimm klagte immer, wenn die Leute zu ihm kamen und er ihnen Bilder zeigte, sie konnten auf den Bildern nicht herauskriegen, ob eine Person vorne oder hinten stand, sie hatten nicht die Spur von einer Anschauung. Ob einer vorn oder hinten stand, das wussten die Gymnasiasten nicht.
Im Musikalischen selbst wird sich ergeben, dass man mit der 10. Klasse etwas Instrumentalmusik fortsetzt.
PAUL BAUMANN: Wir müssten es früher anfangen.
RUDOLF STEINER: Für die 10. Klasse unter allen Umständen.
PAUL BAUMANN: In der 10. Klasse machen alle für sich Instrumentalmusik, die will ich zusammenfassen, ein kleines Orchester organisieren. Die meisten gehören dazu.
RUDOLF STEINER: Diejenigen, die nicht mitmachen können, bei denen müsste man sich versichern, dass sie verstehend mitmachen.
PAUL BAUMANN: Es wäre wohl nötig, dass wir für diese Klasse zwei Stunden haben, sonst können wir im Chorgesang kaum etwas zustande bringen. Wir haben einen gemischten Chor, die [Jüngeren] werden hineinwachsen. Wenn wir einen großen Raum haben, dann kann ich die 8., 9., 10. Klasse zusammennehmen. Die Musiktheorie müssten wir mit einzelnen Klassen treiben können.
RUDOLF STEINER: Wir können mit der 10. Klasse etwas Harmonielehre treiben, Harmonielehre mit dem Hinweis auf den Kontrapunkt, dass sie die Sehnsucht haben, ins Darstellerische hineinzukommen. Nichts forcieren; wenn sie darauf kommen, nichts forcieren!
Im Eurythmieunterricht müsste man doch aufs [sinnvolle] Ensemble hinarbeiten. Es sind schon Jünglinge und Jungfrauen, die können fertige Ensembleformen machen. Beim Musikalischen kommt es darauf an, dass man etwas, was zur Probe beginnt, bis zu einem gewissen Grade zum Abschluss bringt. Besser drei oder vier Sachen das ganze Jahr bis zu einer gewissen Vollkommenheit, als wenn man alles Mögliche anfängt. Über die Klippe kommt man hinweg, dass sie sich langweilen.
Jetzt wäre notwendig, dass die einfachsten Begriffe der technischen Mechanik [beigebracht werden]. Das können wir durchaus in solche Stunden verlegen, wie es die Sprachen sind. Wir brauchen zur technischen Mechanik nur eine Stunde die Woche, zu Feldmessen und Situationszeichnen [auch] nur eine Stunde die Woche. Ein halbes Jahr Mechanik, ein halbes Jahr Feldmessen und Situationszeichnen. In der Mechanik würden Sie - man tut es nicht so - mit der Lehre von der Schraube beginnen. Man tut es nicht so. Aus dem Grunde soll es sein, weil die technische Mechanik von dem Charakter des [Materiellen], des Dichten ausgehen soll. Man soll erst später zum Dynamischen kommen. Und da haben Sie ohnedies, wenn Sie da weit genug gehen, für ein halbes Jahr reichliche Arbeit. In Bezug auf die technische Mechanik alles, was sich auf die Schraube bezieht. Sie müssen natürlich die Kinder anleiten dazu, dass sie die Sache zeichnen können. Zugleich zeichnen: Bohrer, Schraube, Schneckengang.
Beim Feldmessen genügt es, wenn Sie es so weit bringen, dass Sie erst die Feststellung der Horizontalen [nehmen] und zunächst so ganz kleine Situationsdinge: Weinberge, Obstgärten, Hutweiden, dass [die Kinder] einen Begriff haben, wie man das darstellt.
Spinnerei: Da müsste man ausgehen davon, dass man die Werkzeuge, [wie] Spinnrad, [Webstuhl und so weiter durchnimmt] und zunächst das primitive Spinnen und Weben. Sie können nicht mehr herauskriegen, als die einfachsten Dinge dem Begriffe nach kennenzulernen. Sie brauchen nicht mehr, als dass sie dahin kommen, wie man den Faden kriegt; worauf es beruht, dass man das Gewebe kriegt. Seien Sie froh, wenn Sie eine Fertigkeit in drei Jahren bekommen. Kenntnis des Materials, das muss dabei sein. Und zweitens, in Form von Geschichten, die kulturhistorische Entwicklung. Damit kann man es würzen, Sie müssen natürlich die komplizierten Formen, da die elementaren nicht mehr verwendet werden, kennenlernen.
In der Gesundheitslehre die einfachen Verbände, ungefähr das, was man erste Hilfeleistung in Unglücksfällen nennt. Die Buben dabei sein lassen. Sehr zart und dezent, das wird sich schon ergeben. Es kommt nicht darauf an, dass sie sich einbilden, sie könnten das machen; [es genügt], dass sie einen Begriff davon bekommen. Eine Stunde in der Woche ein halbes Jahr.
Man muss sehen, dass die Mädchen dem Bubenhaften, die Buben dem Mädchenhaften zuschauen. Die Buben sollten es nicht machen, e sollen sich - das ist gerade ganz gut - an die Teilnahme gewöhnen. Ein bisschen sich unterhalten darüber, welches Mädchen es besser kann.
Gewöhnen Sie die Mädchen daran, während die Buben Schrauben zeichnen, dass sie sich theoretisch darüber ergehen. In dieser technischen Mechanik ist das Eigentümliche, dass man furchtbar wenig in furchtbar viel Zeit tun kann. Da kann alles Mögliche dazu getrieben werden. Es braucht viel Zeit, es ist noch nichts getan. Und da kann im Übrigen die Stunde recht anregend gemacht werden, sonst bekommen Sie die Buben nicht dazu. In dieser Beziehung wäre es gut, es könnten noch mehr Anregungen da sein in diesem Lebensalter. Sie sind ein bisschen, es fiel mir auf, ein bisschen schläfrig, die Buben und Mädchen.
10. Klasse Französisch: Literatur, Kultur. Ich würde es so machen, dass ich mit der neueren Zeit anfangen und auf Älteres zurückgehen würde. Ich würde es umgekehrt machen. - Was können die Kinder [im Französischen]?
RUDOLF TREICHLER: Leichtere Gespräche.
RUDOLF STEINER: Man könnte den «Cid» lesen. Man müsste sie dahin bringen, dass sie französische klassische Poesie anfangen würden zu verstehen. Moliere später machen. Ich würde vorziehen, nicht von einem zum anderen zu eilen. Wenn Ihnen das sympathisch ist, den «Cid» ganz durchnehmen. Wir können im Verlauf des Jahres [Weiteres] anschließen.
HERMANN VON BARAVAL: [Was soll im Englischen gemacht werden?] Ich habe die ganze Vorgeschichte [des im Text Erzählten] durchgenommen.
RUDOLF STEINER: Das wird man fortsetzen. Dann versuchen, ob die Kinder irgendwie eine Satzreihe daraus frei darstellen können als selbstständige schriftstellerische Arbeit. Ich möchte Ihnen verraten, dass es unter Schülern solche gibt bei diesem Sprachunterricht, die glauben, sie können es besser als die Lehrer. Es ist eine Erscheinung, die nicht schwer zu konstatieren ist. Es wird selten ein Lehrer einer fremden Sprache akzeptiert, wenn er nicht Ausländer ist und das Sprechen mit Akzent hat. Man muss ein bisschen achtgeben. Es [ist eine] schwierige Frage, und wir werden uns prinzipiell auf den Standpunkt stellen, es kommt mit der Zeit
Man überlastet die Schüler, wenn man nicht sehr ökonomisch arbeitet. Deshalb muss man vermeiden, Zeit zu verlieren. Es darf nicht manches so genommen werden, als wenn man endlos Zeit hätte. Das ist doch schon zutage getreten, dass man zu viel darauf rechnet, dass man endlos Zeit hat.
RUDOLF TREICHLER fragt, ob er Dickens lesen soll.
RUDOLF STEINER: Die Lehrpläne, die wir bisher ausgearbeitet haben, sind schon gut. 1a, 1b.
Jetzt bleibt uns noch Lateinisch und Griechisch. Was können die Kinder im Lateinischen und Griechischen?
RUDOLF TREICHLER [vermutlich]: Ovid, nicht immer übersetzen.
RUDOLF STEINER: Das muss fortgesetzt werden. Sie müssen jetzt so weit kommen, dass sie einfache Sachen verstehen im Griechischen. Lektüre?
RUDOLF TREICHLER hat geschlossen mit Biografien.
RUDOLF STEINER: Lateinisch und Griechisch [sollten wir] so viel geben, als wir können. Es kommt nicht so darauf an, dass man dies abgezirkelte Verfahren hat, wie man es am Gymnasium hat. Das ist Unsinn. Man muss auf Lateinisch und Griechisch etwas mehr, auf neuere Sprachen etwas weniger Gewicht legen. In den unteren Klassen so weit kommen, dass man nicht nötig hat, [später] zu viel Zeit zu verwenden. Wir haben doch die Aufgabe, möglichst vielen Schülern es plausibel zu machen, dass es etwas Schönes ist. Ich kann nicht begreifen, dass nicht mehr Jungens sind, die es [lernen] wollen. In den oberen Klassen etwas mehr Stunden für Lateinisch-Griechisch.
Jemand sagt wohl etwas zur Stenografie.
RUDOLF STEINER: Es entstehen solche Fragen: Nehmen wir prinzipiell Stenografie hinein in unseren Unterrichtsplan, dann müssen wir es jetzt anfangen.
Einer bemerkt: Es betreiben es die meisten privat. Es ist nicht zu verhindern.
RUDOLF STEINER: P. G. und S. R. in etwas anderem unterrichten.
Ein anderer: Herr Eimer unterrichtet auch privat einige Kinder in Stenografie.
RUDOLF STEINER: Das kann uns nicht interessieren. Wir müssen uns fragen, ob wir noch diese zwei Stunden [in der Woche] in der 10. Klasse verwenden wollen, um Stenografie zu treiben, und was für ein System, Gabelsberger: Hier ist gerade die Grenze; Gabeleberger überwiegt hier, in Bayern ja wohl auch; Gabelsbeiger; scheint mir, würde noch das am wenigsten Geisttötende sein. Es wäre ein solches Glück, wenn die Stenografie niemals erfunden worden wäre. Da sie da ist, kann man sie nicht entbehren, geradeso wenig wie das Telefon. — Gabelsberger! Zwei Stunden Stenografie.
Es wäre doch gut, wenn Sie morgen probieren, wie die Stunden verteilt werden können. Versuchen Sie, Herr Stockmeyer, das zusammenzustellen.
Die Generalversammlungen sind etwas Schreckliches.
Den großen Mädchen in der 10. Klasse kann man nicht mehr Du sagen, sintemalen, wenn ein einzelner Lehrer nicht alt genug ist. [Abendvorträge], ein bis zwei Stunden [für die], welche die 9. oder 8. Klasse absolviert [und die Schule verlassen] haben. Was sie praktisch zu lernen haben, das lernen die Kinder [draußen]. Um das Heil der Kinder würde man [sich aber] Verdienste erwerben, [wenn man sie in] Ästhetik, Kunstgeschichte und - Hahn -Literaturgeschichte unterrichten würde.
Den [Freien] Religionsunterricht haben wir noch nicht bis dahin gebracht, dass wir mit den Kindern die Psalmen gemacht haben. Das müsste bei den Zöhnjährien sein, dass sie.den Psalm verstehen. Den ganzen Stoff besprechen, der im Psalm enthalten ist; eine Art innerer Betrachtung, was im Psalm enthalten ist, sodass man es krönen kann mit dem Absingen des Psalmes.
ERNST UEHLI: [Was soll ich jetzt nehmen?] Aus den Märchen komme ich heraus.
RUDOLF STEINER: Symbolik, am Stoff, der sich ergibt. Bedeutung der Feste des Jahres. So viel Material ist in diesen Vorträgen über Weihnachtsfest, Osterfest, Pfingstfest. Sie können das meiste von dem besprechen, was in diesen Vorträgen enthalten ist. Wenn man es nur richtig einkleidet, so wird es gerade für dieses Lebensalter sehr gut sein. Möglichst da daran [an die Festeszeiten anschließen]. Man kann früher anfangen und später aufhören. Vier Wochen lang sich mit dem Weihnachtsfest beschäftigen.
ERNST UEHLI: [Bei den] Propheten, kann man da Gestalten des Michelangelo nehmen?
RUDOLF STEINER: Ja, das geht.
HERBERT HAHN: Soll aus dem Künstlerisch-Plastischen etwas herausgeholt werden?
RUDOLF STEINER: Es wäre gut, zu wissen, wie weit Sie es geführt haben, und wie Sie selbst es weitergeführt hätten.
Übergang zur Psalmenbetrachtung. Dann, damit das Tragische und Erhabene herauskommen kann, die Laokoongruppe. Es ist der Moment des Sterbens.
MAX WOLFFHÜGEL: Man wird recht gut fertig.
Im Gartenbau ist es so: Ich bin genötigt, die Kinder in Gruppen einzuteilen. In der Werkstatt sind so viele Kinder. Der Raum ist so [begrenzt].
Weiteres Gespräch zu Personalfragen.
WILHELM RUHTENBERG: Darf ich so fortsetzen [im Religionsunterricht der 3. und 4. Klasse]?
RUDOLF STEINER: Man darf nicht glauben, dass man den Christus weglassen kann, das darf nicht sein.
LEONIE VON MIRBACH: [Ich hatte] Geschichte des Alten Testaments.
RUDOLF STEINER: Nicht ausschließlich Geschichte des Alten Testaments.
LEONIE VON MIRBACH: Womit soll ich [in der 1. Klasse] beginnen?
RUDOLF STEINER: Wir haben eigentlich, nicht wahr, im Wesentlichen immer versucht, erst anzuknüpfen an Naturerscheinungen; betrachtend. Das war sogar ein Thema auf der untersten Stufe. Und dann [sind wir] so allmählich zu Geschichten übergegangen, zu Erzählungen, die erfunden worden sind. Dann [sind wir] an das Evangelium heran[gegangen und haben] herausgearbeitet Szenenbilder des Johannes-Evangeliums und [haben] diese Bilder dann genommen. Wir sind ausgegangen von einer Art Naturreligion. Es handelt sich darum, dass man die Kinder auf eine natürliche Art [herJüberführt zum religiösen Empfinden, indem man an alles Mögliche anknüpft.
Über den Unterricht eines Religionslehrers, Adolf Arenson, der die Schüler nicht ansprechen konnte, sodass sie in der Klasse herumspazierten.
RUDOLF STEINER: Woran lag es denn? So etwas darf nicht zweimal vorkommen. Es ist eine riesige Niederlage. Er sagte mir, dass die Kinder nicht gekommen sind. In dem Augenblick, wo er die Kinder unter ganz gespannter Aufmerksamkeit hielt, ging es. Es müssen gerade dabei Gemütseigenschaften wirken. Wenn er aufgehört hat, gingen die Kinder in der Klasse spazieren oder setzen sich ans Klavier und spielten. Es muss eine furchtbare Tour gewesen sein.
Es darf nicht sein, wie es in Haubinda war. Ein Teil der Schüler lag auf dem Erdboden und reckte die Beine in die Luft, andere la gen am Fensterbrett, einige auf den Tischen herum. Gesessen hat keiner ordentlich. Eine Novelle von Keller [wurde vorgelesen]. Es war nichts von religiöser Stimmung. [Das war] 1903.
Wir müssen sehr viel darauf sehen, dass die Klassenlehrer nicht zu spät in die Klassen hineinkommen. Das ist die hauptsächliche Veranlassung, dass die Kinder ins Toben hineinkommen, wenn sie sich selbst überlassen sind und der Lehrer nicht kommt.
WALTER JOHANNES STEIN: [In der] 9. Klasse [war] Jean Paul durchzunehmen. Es war vorgeschrieben Herman Grimm. Was soll man mit der 8. Klasse lesen?
RUDOLF STEINER: [Auch] Herman Grimm.
WALTER JOHANNES STEIN: Ich fange an, Jean Paul zu lesen. Angegeben war das Kapitel über Humor.
RUDOLF STEINER: Sie werden die ganze Geschichte behandeln, Zeitgeschichte, Literaturgeschichte.
HERMANN von BARAVALLE: Was soll ich lesen [im Französischen in der 7. Klasse]? Ich hatte Gedichte genommen.
RUDOLF STEINER: Fabeln lesen. La Fontaine.
JOHANNES GEYER fragt nach der Menschenkunde in der 4. Klasse.
RUDOLF STEINER: [Man muss es] der [Alters]stufe entsprechend machen. In der 4. Klasse wird man bei dem mehr Äußerlichen bleiben. Es ist fast in jeder Klasse möglich. Das Skelett, das ist natürlich am abstraktesten. Ich würde es nicht für sich betrachten, sondern mit dem ganzen Menschen zusammen, nicht einmal bei Zehntklässlern, nicht als Skelett. Ich würde mehr vom ganzen Menschen ausgehen. [So] wie es Fräulein Dr. v. Heydebrand gemacht hat, war es ganz gut. Man versucht, eine Gruppe von Vorstellungen, [die sich auf den Menschen beziehen], plausibel zu machen.
HEDWIG HAUCK: Ist es wünschenswert, dass die neu [eingetretenen] Schüler stricken lernen, oder können wir sie einfügen in die Arbeit der Klassen?
RUDOLF STEINER: Es wäre gut, wenn die [möglichst erst stricken lernen, dann aber] dasselbe treiben würden wie die Klasse.
Jemand fragt: Erwerbs- und Betriebsverhältnisse: Ist es tunlich, das im Rechenunterricht zusammenzunehmen?
RUDOLF STEINER: Dies ebenso gut mit der Rechnung wie mit anderen Dingen.
Es wird gefragt, wie man den Geschäftsaufsatz behandeln soll.
RUDOLF STEINER: Ich habe gebeten, dass ein kleinerer Auftrag ausgeführt wurde vom «Kommenden Tag», und ich habe gestern die Mitteilung bekommen. Ich habe erklärt, dass ich eine solche Sache nicht annehme. Man muss daraus entnehmen können, was geschehen ist. Man kann gewöhnlich nicht entnehmen, was geschehen ist. Erstens war die Adresse falsch, zweitens, statt desjenigen, was ich erfahren wollte, ob die Sache von einem Ort auf den anderen überwiesen war, stand Verschiedenes da; das Dritte, was mich nicht interessierte, stand da, dass ein Konto belastet ist. Was ich entnehmen wollte, ob der Auftrag ausgeführt ist, das konnte man nicht entnehmen. Es war nicht zu entnehmen aus der Rückantwort. Es war eine andere Adresse angegeben. Das rührt von der Oberflächlichkeit her, weil man nicht bedenkt, dass die Dinge exakt sein müssen.
Man braucht nur das zum Ausdruck zu bringen, was geschehen soll. Man muss versuchen, den Fall, das Laufen eines Geschäftsverhältnisses zu erfassen, und dann daraus heraus die Dinge schreiben. [Das ist] auf kritische Weise am besten zu machen. Versuchen Sie solche Proben. Versuchen Sie dahinterzukommen, was das Kauderwelsch sagen will, und versuchen Sie, es auf eine ordentliche Stlisierung zu bringen.
Geschäftsaufsatz: Wenn Sie in einem Geschäft irgendein fachmännisches Urteil brauchen über etwas und Sie verlangen ein Gutachten -ein Gutachten ist ein Geschäftsaufsatz. Informationen, Agentenberichte, das ist ein Geschäftsaufsatz. So furchtbar schlimm ist es nicht, wenn man etwas unrichtig macht. Wer überhaupt etwas kann, der findet sich eher hinein, als wer gar nichts kann. Diejenigen, die es machen, können es meist auch nicht.
[Zu Emil Molt]: Irgendeine naive Ausdrucksweise ist besser als Kaufmannsstil. Ich kann die Beispiele, die ich erfahren habe, Ihnen nicht wiederholen; sie sind etwas Schreckliches. Man verdirbt sich die Zunge dabei. Es ist gar nicht so schreckhaft, man braucht nur den Fall aufzufassen und wiederzugeben. Es kann jeder ihn verstehen. Es ist nicht im Kaufmännischen allein. Lesen Sie ein juristisches Gutachten, ein Urteil. Ich habe gelesen: Eine Eisenbahn ist eine gradlinige oder krummlinige Fortbewegung in einer Ebene oder [in einer] von der Ebene weniger oder mehr abweichenden Niveauhöhe mit dem gewissen Ziel und so weiter. - Es waren sechzehn Zeilen.
ALEXANDER STRAKOSCH [dazu]: Mord ist die perfektierte Destruktion animalischer Existenzen.
RUDOLF STEINER: Immer beachten, wenn wir so die Lehrpläne gestalten, wie sie herausgeholt sind aus der Natur des Kindes.
Darauf Rücksicht nehmen, wenn so ein [Schulrat] Eisele-Beisele kommt, dass er nicht findet, dass keine einzige Frage beantwortet wird. Es kann stattfinden, dass seine Fragen so sind, dass die Kinder keine Frage beantworten. Wir müssen so zu Werke gehen, dass die Kinder [auch] törichte Sachen behandeln können. Wir wollen den Lehrplan strikte einhalten. Die Kinder veranlassen, dass sie mit dem Ende des 3., 6. Jahres das wissen, was gefragt werden könnte, ohne dass wir sie vorbereiten. [Nicht dass es geht] wie [bei jenem] Lehrer, [der jedes Kind nur auf eine bestimmte Frage eingedrillt hatte. Der Schulrat fragte]: Glaubst du an Gott? - Ich glaube an Gott. — [Glaubst du auch an Jesus Christus?] - Nein; der, [der] an Jesus Christus glaubt, der [hockt) dahinten. - Das darf uns nicht passieren. [...] [Zwischenbemerkung.]
Zum Thema Schülerbibliothek.
RUDOLF STEINER: Grillparzer, Hamerling, Aspasia möglichst spät. König von Sion, sobald sie das Geschichtliche durchgenommen haben. Ahasver kann man sie lesen lassen. Lessing mit fünfzehn Jahren. Neulich wäre Veranlassung gewesen, wenn man den «Zerbrochenen Krug» gegeben hätte. Man braucht die Preußendramen nicht zu kultivieren. Shakespeare englisch lesen. Bei solchen Dingen soll es so sein, dass angestrebt wird, dass so etwas wie Shakespeare in der Sprache gelesen wird, in der es geschrieben wurde. Wenn die Menschen so alt geworden sind, dass sie normalerweise nicht mehr die Sprache kennenlernen, dann sollen sie in der Übersetzung etwas lesen, was so tonangebend ist wie Shakespeare für das Englische. Man sollte die Kinder nicht veranlassen, Racine und Corneille deutsch zu lesen. Nur dann, wenn keine Aussicht vorhanden ist, dass sie es französisch lesen. Fercher von Steinwand. Vierundzwanzig Bücher allgemeiner Geschichte von Johannes Müller; sie sollten sich an diesen Stil gewöhnen. Sie sollten sich in diese Diktion gewöhnen. Es wären die anderen [Dinge] für Kinder zuzurichten.
Märchen aus dem [Mysterien]drama, vom Guten und Bö: ist gut für Kinder durchzunehmen. Man kann aber nicht die ganzen Bücher geben. [...] [Johannes Geyer sagt etwas dazu, dann kommt man nochmals zur Personalfrage.]
Zunächst kommt noch in Betracht das unmittelbare Kollegium. Wir brauchen eine neue Lehrkraft, die man wird in Frau Dr. Plincke finden. Nur wäre es gut, wenn man - verzeihen Sie - immer abwechselt: Mann - Frau - Mann - Frau, sonst wird die Schule zu weiblich. Es kann passieren, dass Frau Plincke kommt, es würde Michels kommen, sie ist eine Gärtnerin, dann würde Dr. Röschl kommen. Es wird schwer sein, von diesem Gesichtspunkt aus. Dass alles auf Strauss fällt, das ist dies, dass man keinen weiß, der als Mann - wir sprechen seit meiner letzten Anwesenheit, dass ein Handfertigkeitslehrer da sein sollte für den Gartenbau. Ich habe eigentlich, nicht wahr, bei Strauss doch das Bedenken, dass er nicht gern sich in ein Ensemble hineinfindet, dass er ein bisschen Eigenbrötler ist. Er ist menschenfreundlicher geworden. Es ist nicht so lange her, dass ich ihn gesehen habe. Zuletzt habe ich ihn in Dornach gesehen, er war viel umgänglicher, er war viel menschenfreundlicher, als er zur Zeit in München war.
Jemand bemerkt: Er war sehr ausgesprochen. Wir haben uns gemieden, wir haben uns gar nicht verstanden.
RUDOLF STEINER: Es fragt sich nur, ob Sie wünschen, dass Fräulein Michels auch herkommt. Man könnte Michels auch telegrafieren. Gewisse leise Zweifel habe ich auch. Die Materialien zur Entscheidung hätten wir gestern auch nicht beisammengehabt. Wie weit sich Fräulein Michels eignen wird, wird erst für die Unterredung bestimmt sein. Sie hat sich darum beworben. Ist es dieselbe, welche gespielt hat?
Es wird ein Lehrer Hubel vorgeschlagen.
RUDOLF STEINER: [Der] ist erst «a halbeter» Mann, der wächst ja noch. Ist es so, nicht wahr, dass wir Männer und Frauen in gleicher Zahl bilden?
Jemand antwortet: Die Männer sind in der Überzahl.
RUDOLF STEINER: Ich bin sehr für den Gleichheitsstandpunkt, aber nicht wahr, entgegengesetzter Imperialismus, der ist auch gefährlich.
Über die Schuleröffnungsfeier am kommenden Samstag.
RUDOLF STEINER: Ich kann zuerst sprechen, [dann] alle Lehrer. Ich denke mir, wir [machen] es mit den Klassenlehrern jeder Klasse [und mit] Vertretern der Fachgruppen, der Reihe nach, von oben nach unten, ohne Fräulein Mirbach zu verschieben. Es kann von oben herunter gemacht werden, dass es bei der 10. anfängt.
Wir haben Veranlassung gehabt, den [Minister] Hieber einzuladen. Ich glaube nicht, dass er kommt. Das ist eine Sache für sich. Es werden andere auch kommen.
Auch die Fachlehrer sollen reden. 10., 9., 8., [Fachlehrer] für Eurythmie, Musik, Sprachen, Handarbeitsunterricht, Handfertigkeitsunterricht.
Jemand bittet um eine Anregung, in welcher Weise gesprochen wer den soll.
RUDOLF STEINER: Sie werden sich doch am Beginn des Schuljahrs voller Inspiration von Zielen und Absichten [mit] der Klasse befinden. Ich glaube, dass man da [eher] eine Anregung gibt, was Sie weglassen könnten. Jeder hat seine Absichten und seine Ziele im Sinn. Es wäre verletzend, zuzumuten, dass er sich anhören sollte, was er sagen soll.
PAUL BAUMANN: Hubel wird spielen. Singen.
RUDOLF STEINER: Es tut einem leid, dass nicht Originaleurythmie gemacht werden kann. Bei der nächsten Aufnahme. Es wäre schön, wenn es gemacht werden könnte. [Die Feier] muss sehr würdig sein. Es ist eine Misere, dass wir das im Stadtgartensaal haben müssen. Das ist sehr bitter, dass wir nicht die Möglichkeit haben, die Feier hier abzuhalten. Wir kriegten nicht einmal die Kinder hinein, auch wenn wir verzichten auf andere Menschen. Die könnten nur stehen. Es sollte etwas beim Schulanfang von der Lehrerschaft gemacht werden. Wir werden die Kinder teilen, 1.-6., 7.-10., das wird man im nächsten Jahr schon machen müssen.
[...][Bemerkungen zu Eurythmieaufführungen und zur Hilfsklasse.]
[Zu Leonie von Mirbach, deren Klasse geteilt werden sollte:] Sie müssten versuchen, die Trennung so vorzunehmen. Am besten ist es, wenn man die Kinder kennt, wenn man es versucht, nach seinem subjektiven Befinden das, was man für das Beste halten muss, zu machen.
Fräulein von Mirbach den Stand von alten Kindern, Fräulein von Grunelius nimmt die Neueingetretenen.
Ich denke, es ist Zeit.
Twenty-sixth lecture
RUDOLF STEINER: My dear friends, we have cause for concern about the ninth grade. After taking a closer look at the outcome of what we discussed yesterday, it seems to me that it will not be possible to provide instruction if we overload individual teachers, as would undoubtedly be the case here.
Above all, it is not possible to have Dr. Schubert overburdened in the way that has been planned so far, even though we can expect Dr. Schwebsch to join us, but I believe he will have plenty of work even if he does not take over the 1st grade.
It seems necessary to me to hire another teacher for the first grade b, and right now it seems quite good to me to hire Dr. Plincke as a Waldorf teacher. She was there today; I had already inquired about her a few days ago, but was unable to find out anything definite [about her stay]. I would then think that she should take over first grade b, and then Dr. Schubert's work would take on a different form. [...] [More on class division.]
Now we have the following to consider for [the curriculum] of the 10th grade. First of all, we will have to take into account something like German language and literature. Well, wouldn't that be a continuation of what you had in the 9th grade?
WALTER JOHANNES Stein: I had Jean Paul.
RUDOLF STEINER: You have studied Jean Paul and are finished with it.
WALTER JOHANNES Stein: The chapter on humor, which was set as an assignment, has been completed.
RUDOLF STEINER: Now it would be a matter of you beginning and continuing with a somewhat coherent presentation of what is known as metrics and poetics. The children will be able to respond to some things on the basis of what they have learned from Jean Paul. The usual pedantic school method that is [otherwise] used must be avoided. Metrics and poetics, as they are commonly called, must therefore be treated in a lively manner, based on living poetry, and translated into something reasonable.
Then this class would cover the Nibelungenlied and Gudrun. If possible, work towards covering it in Middle High German. The idea would be to cover as much as time allows we would study Middle High German, but [also] discuss the whole milieu from which the poetry grew, explain its artistic and popular significance, and, apart from what we read as samples, [also convey the whole content] of the great poems to the children. [Then also], based on the Nibelungenlied, of course, some [Middle High German] grammar in comparison with New High German grammar. At any rate, that would be the teaching load you would have to cover in 10th grade. Starting with metrics.
WALTER JOHANNES STEIN: Would you recommend a book for me to study [for metrics in German lessons]?
RUDOLF STEINER: They are all equally good and equally bad. Look at the Göschen [collection], one of the worst methods, so that you have the sequence of terms. There is no good German metrics and poetics; Bartsch, Lachmann. - Nibelungenlied, translated into German [by] Simrock; he tried to stick to it.
I gave the elements in a lecture in Dornach. [I physiologically justified the metrics from the harmony] between pulse and breathing. One can study the hexameter if one adds the caesura, [as a harmony] of pulse and breathing. It is not possible today for us to develop the metric theory.
Now it would be desirable for this to be done in the 8th, 9th, and 10th grades, with the teachers who are employed as main teachers taking turns —
Interjection: That has been done!
RUDOLF STEINER: — so that when Stein starts at eight o'clock in the 10th grade, someone else has to start in the 9th and 8th grades. Changing on a weekly basis will not be good. You have to spend a longer period of time on such a chapter. I would just — we have the principle of going through a chapter — stick with it as long as possible. Try to see if that can be distributed! To do this, it will be necessary to use Dr. Schwebsch [as a fourth teacher] for these three classes when he arrives. Now we have to consider: Stein, Schubert, Stockmeyer for these three classes, they will have to be distributed. For the rest, the curriculum remains as it was, throughout all classes.
Now history would come in the 10th grade. So it will now be possible for Schubert to teach the entire history course because 1b [for him] will be eliminated. The point is to prepare [this] quite well for the economics lessons. It would be good if you did all the history lessons. [In] 8th and 9th grade, the same workload [as before]. [In] 10th grade, [we would] go back to the earliest historical times, [would begin] with the earliest times and would divide history up to the fall of Greek freedom; that is, the earliest Egyptian times, [Greek times] up to the fall of Greek freedom, up to the Battle of Chaeronea in 338.
10th grade geography lesson.
Someone asks: In what way?
RUDOLF STEINER: Description of the Earth as [a] morphological [and physical] whole. In geology, one would have to describe the Earth [in such a way] that the entire configuration [of the mountains] is a kind of cross, the two intersecting rings, the east-west direction and the north-south direction. - [Morphological]: the shapes of the continents; the formation of the mountains: that which transitions into the physical; [then] the rivers. [Geological, physical]; isotherms; the Earth as a magnet, northern and southern magnetic poles. Morphological in this way. Followed by ocean currents, air currents, [trade winds, the Earth's interior]; in short, everything that encompasses the Earth as a whole.
10th grade mathematics: How far have you [so far]?
KARL STOCKMEYER: Algebraic powers and root calculations. Geometric drawing, descriptive geometry. I did area calculations. Simple equations, equations with several unknowns, quadratic equations. Circumference and area calculation of the circle.
RUDOLF STEINER: You can teach the concept of ℼ. - When you teach the concept, it cannot be a matter of giving them theories about decimals. They can learn the number ℼ up to one decimal place.
KARL STOCKMEYER: We derived the number ℼ from the circumference of the inscribed and circumscribed polygons of the circle.
RUDOLF STEINER: What kinds of lines do the children know?
KARL STOCKMEYER: Last year we drew and understood as geometric locations the ellipse, hyperbola, and parabola.
RUDOLF STEINER: [Now] it would be a matter of the children learning the first elements of plane trigonometry. I think we can consider that as the initial workload. Then comes descriptive geometry. How far have you gotten?
KARL STOCKMEYER: Points, lines, intersecting lines, intersecting planes. Afterwards, the difficulty was overcome, and the children had a lot of fun with it.
RUDOLF STEINER: How far have you gotten?
KARL STOCKMEYER: They understood the representation of intersecting planes and surfaces. The children would already be able to solve the task of two triangular surfaces intersecting, [also] that they could find the point of intersection of a straight line with a plane. They can already find that.
RUDOLF STEINER: That may not be necessary. - One would actually have to use a method that starts from the projection, orthogonal projection, that starts from the projection, point - straight line, that takes the representation of the plane, the plane as a plane, not the plane as a triangle.
KARL STOCKMEYER: I had planned to do that, but I didn't get around to it.
RUDOLF STEINER: This would then need to be followed by the teaching of planes and [gap in the transcript] and intersections of two planes. And then, of course, the subsequent first elements of positional geometry. Above all, teach the children concepts of duality.
KARL STOCKMEYER: I have already addressed that.
RUDOLF STEINER: You only need to teach the very basics.
KARL STOCKMEYER: In connection with trigonometry, it will of course be necessary to go into logarithms.
RUDOLF Steiner: They don't have the concept of logarithms yet? Of course, that has to be included in mathematics. It still belongs there. They will only know the basic concepts: sine, cosine, tangent. A few sentences, that can be taken on its own. A few of these relationships, so that they begin to understand \(sin^2a + cos^2a = 1\), as clearly as possible.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Should the aim be to introduce logarithms as early as the 9th grade?
RUDOLF STEINER: It is sufficient if they get to the point with logarithms where they can perform simple logarithmic calculations.
Then we have physics.
KARL STOCKMEYER: I should get to the locomotive.
RUDOLF STEINER: That should be the goal. [And the] telephone?
KARL STOCKMEYER: I did that too.
RUDOLF STEINER: So that the children have covered the entire field of physics.
KARL STOCKMEYER says what he has covered.
RUDOLF STEINER: It seems to me cum grano salis that we have covered the whole of physics. It would be the time when one would have to have covered [everything]. It is sufficient if the children have an idea [of it].
KARL STOCKMEYER: Mechanics is the least covered.
RUDOLF STEINER: Now is the right time for that. One should start with mechanical forms (formulas?). This would be best done after covering mathematics. One only needs to get to the point where the children thoroughly understand simple machines.
[Then] chemistry.
KARL STOCKMEYER: There we have tried above all to cover the difference between acids and bases.RUDOLF STEINE That's all well and good, of course. Do the children have a clear idea of the overall significance of a salt, an acid, a base? These things need to be done first. It's dreary to talk about organic chemistry. We need to move beyond that and expand the concepts. A lot could be done if we simply observed everything that belongs to this year exhaustively and properly: alkaline, acidic, salty; then [talk] about alkaline and acidic reactions and follow up afterwards so that they gain an understanding of it. One can start with the opposite reaction, for example, bee pollen and bee blood, because there you have alkaline and acidic substances, and let it culminate in the opposite behavior of bee blood and bee pollen. In this way, one has an introduction to physiological processes. You only need to work out the concepts for them: alkaline, acidic; bases, [acids]; salts. Then, because this is characteristic, bee blood and bee food juice, because they react oppositely; food juice reacts acidically, bee blood reacts alkaline. This polar opposition of blood and food juice, which the bee has in its digestive organs. It is the same in humans; one can [only] not state it as characteristically. With bees, it can be done very easily at the laboratory table.
How far have we come in natural history? We have fourteen to fifteen-year-olds.
KARL STOCKMEYER [presumably]: I have covered very little. They heard something during the discussion of Herder's ideas [Herder's “Ideas on the Philosophy of History”].
RUDOLF STEINER: That is terribly little. It will be necessary for us to simply distribute the hours in this way; that is why I would like Schwebsch [as a fourth teacher] to be called in to help.
KARL STOCKMEYER [presumably]: He cannot teach natural history.
If I go through all of this, I will have at most a third of the year available for the workload.
RUDOLF STEINER: You can go through it in that third. You can save even more time if, in the future, we take two and a half hours in the morning for these three classes and [the material] together. But then a fourth teacher could be added. The three classes would have to start a little earlier [and] finish later.
KARL STOCKMEYER: Then there will be difficulties for other subject teachers, because the change must take place during the ten o'clock break.
RUDOLF STEINER: We will not need to have as many language lessons in all classes as we have had up to now. We no longer need so much English and French in the 10th grade. It is not necessary at all. We have too much language teaching in terms of modern languages. If we do it [in the lower grades] as extensively as we have done, then we don't need to do it so much in the higher grades. Language teaching can be limited in terms of time.
They haven't learned anything in natural history. Above all, we would now need to take a closer look at minerals. In the 10th grade, we would now come to a study of the human being. [And] mineralogy must be done. We must now go through mineralogy.
KARL STOCKMEYER [presumably]: It is quite possible now. I have now been given the opportunity to organize the collection, and it can be used.
KARL STOCKMEYER: What should be covered in anthropology in the 10th grade?
RUDOLF STEINER: One would have to make the human being understandable, so to speak. Of course, you would have to give yourself the opportunity to make the human being understandable as an individual being, so that you can later move on to ethnography. - [Making the human being understandable as an individual being] – there is so much that can be drawn from anthroposophy. There is so much to be found about this without being accused of practicing anthroposophy. This is the objective truth. The physical human being in his organs and organ functions [in connection with the soul and spirit].
Now the manual skills lessons must be transferred to the truly artistic. You have already done this [to Max Wolffhügel] with modeling. This can be alternated with painting; you can paint with those who are skilled at it. For those who are now entering 10th grade, we can take into consideration that we will have them as in high school; through this we can move on to the artistic and the arts and crafts. I think we still need something like a kind of aesthetics, and that's where Dr. Schwebsch could come in, establishing the aesthetic connection between the plastic-pictorial and the musical. He has dealt extensively with the musical. In music, he is more theoretical. In music aesthetics — which should appear in the elements — you would have to form a kind of sub-college together: handicraft lessons that transition into arts and crafts and then into music, so that aesthetics, not music theory, is cultivated. I would think that children should be taught as early as possible when an armchair is beautiful, when a table is beautiful. That you do it in such a way that the nonsense stops, that a chair should be beautiful to the eye. You want to feel the chair, its beauty, [when you sit on it]. Just as I said yesterday in handicrafts class, children should feel that when something is opened on one side, [that] is also felt in the embroidery. I believe that things will now grow together somewhat. They will grow together somewhat: handicrafts lessons, manual skills lessons, artistic sensibility [and music]. Of course, this must be done properly so that these things can be overcome.
In high schools, this has been or still is a terrible situation. Herman Grimm always complained that when people came to him and he showed them pictures, they couldn't tell from the pictures whether a person was standing in front or behind; they had no clue. The high school students didn't know whether someone was standing in front or behind.
In music itself, it will turn out that some instrumental music will be continued in the 10th grade.
PAUL BAUMANN: We would have to start earlier.
RUDOLF STEINER: For the 10th grade under all circumstances.
PAUL BAUMANN: In the 10th grade, everyone plays an instrument on their own, and I want to bring them together and organize a small orchestra. Most of them are involved.
RUDOLF STEINER: For those who cannot participate, we would have to make sure that they participate with understanding.
PAUL BAUMANN: We would probably need two hours for this class, otherwise we would hardly be able to achieve anything in choral singing. We have a mixed choir, and the [younger ones] will grow into it. If we have a large room, then I can take the 8th, 9th, and 10th grades together. We would have to be able to teach music theory to individual classes.
RUDOLF STEINER: We can do some harmony with the 10th grade, harmony with reference to counterpoint, that they have a longing to get into performing. Don't force anything; when they come to it, don't force anything!
In eurythmy lessons, one would have to work towards [meaningful] ensemble. They are already young men and women who can perform complete ensemble pieces. In music, it is important to bring something that begins in rehearsal to a certain degree of completion. It is better to bring three or four things to a certain degree of perfection throughout the year than to start everything possible. This helps overcome the problem of them getting bored.
Now it would be necessary to [teach] the simplest concepts of technical mechanics. We can certainly move this to lessons such as those for languages. We only need one hour a week for technical mechanics, and [also] only one hour a week for field surveying and situation drawing. Half a year of mechanics, half a year of field surveying and situation drawing. In mechanics, you would start with the study of screws, but that's not how it's done. That's not how it's done. The reason for this is that technical mechanics should start from the character of the [material], the dense. You should only come to the dynamic later. And there you have plenty of work for half a year anyway, if you go far enough. In terms of technical mechanics, everything that relates to the screw. Of course, you have to teach the children so that they can draw the thing. Draw at the same time: drill, screw, worm gear.
When measuring fields, it is sufficient if you get to the point where you first determine the horizontal [and] initially very small situational things: vineyards, orchards, pastures, so that [the children] have an idea of how to represent this.
Spinning: You would have to start with the tools, [such as] spinning wheels, [looms, and so on], and first teach primitive spinning and weaving. You can't get any further than teaching them the simplest concepts. All you need to do is teach them how to get the thread, which is the basis for getting the fabric. Be happy if you acquire a skill in three years. Knowledge of the material is a must. And secondly, in the form of stories, the cultural-historical development. You can spice it up with that, but of course you have to learn the complicated forms, since the elementary ones are no longer used.
In health education, simple bandages, roughly what is called first aid in accidents. Let the boys be there. Very gently and discreetly, it will work out. It doesn't matter if they imagine they can do it; [it is enough] that they get an idea of it. One hour a week for half a year.
It is important to ensure that the girls observe the boys and the boys observe the girls. The boys should not do it themselves; they should just get used to participating, which is a good thing. Talk a little about which girl is better at it.
Get the girls used to discussing it theoretically while the boys are drawing screws. The peculiar thing about this technical mechanics is that you can do very little in a very long time. All sorts of things can be done with it. It takes a lot of time, and nothing has been done yet. And, by the way, the lesson can be made quite stimulating, otherwise you won't get the boys to do it. In this regard, it would be good if there were more stimulation at this age. I noticed that the boys and girls are a little sleepy.
10th grade French: literature, culture. I would start with the more recent period and then go back to the older one. I would do it the other way around. - What can the children do [in French]?
RUDOLF TREICHLER: Easier conversations.
RUDOLF STEINER: One could read “Le Cid.” One would have to get them to the point where they would begin to understand classical French poetry. Do Molière later. I would prefer not to rush from one to the other. If you like, go through “Le Cid” in its entirety. We can follow up with [more] in the course of the year.
HERMANN VON BARAVAL: [What should be done in English?] I have gone through the entire background story [of what is told in the text].
RUDOLF STEINER: We will continue with that. Then we will see if the children can somehow freely express a series of sentences from it as an independent piece of writing. I would like to tell you that there are some students in this language class who believe they can do it better than the teachers. It is a phenomenon that is not difficult to observe. A foreign language teacher is rarely accepted if he is not a foreigner and speaks with an accent. One has to be a little careful. It is a difficult question, and we will take the position that it will come with time.
You overload the students if you don't work very economically. That's why you have to avoid wasting time. You can't take some things as if you had endless time. It has already become apparent that people count too much on having endless time.
RUDOLF TREICHLER asks if he should read Dickens.
RUDOLF STEINER: The curricula we have developed so far are already good. 1a, 1b.
Now we still have Latin and Greek. What can the children do in Latin and Greek?
RUDOLF TREICHLER [presumably]: Ovid, don't always translate.
RUDOLF STEINER: That must be continued. They must now reach the point where they understand simple things in Greek. Reading?
RUDOLF TREICHLER has finished with biographies.
RUDOLF STEINER: Latin and Greek [we should] teach as much as we can. It is not so important to have this rigid approach that you have in high school. That is nonsense. You have to place a little more emphasis on Latin and Greek and a little less on modern languages. In the lower grades, you have to get to the point where you don't need to spend too much time [later]. It is our job to make it clear to as many students as possible that it is something beautiful. I cannot understand why there are not more boys who want to [learn] it. In the upper grades, a little more time should be devoted to Latin and Greek.
Someone will probably say something about shorthand.
RUDOLF STEINER: Questions arise such as: If we include shorthand in our curriculum as a matter of principle, then we must begin now.
Someone remarks: Most people practice it privately. It cannot be prevented.
RUDOLF STEINER: P. G. and S. R. teach something else.
Another: Mr. Eimer also teaches some children shorthand privately.
RUDOLF STEINER: That is of no interest to us. We have to ask ourselves whether we still want to use these two hours [a week] in 10th grade to practice shorthand, and what kind of system, Gabelsberger: This is where the line is drawn; Gabelsberger prevails here, and probably in Bavaria as well; Gabelsbeiger; seems to me that would be the least mind-numbing. It would be such a blessing if shorthand had never been invented. But since it exists, we cannot do without it, any more than we can do without the telephone. — Gabelsberger! Two hours of shorthand.
It would be good if you could try out tomorrow how the hours can be distributed. Try to put that together, Mr. Stockmeyer.
General meetings are terrible.
You can no longer address the older girls in the 10th grade informally, since a single teacher is not old enough. [Evening lectures], one to two hours [for those] who have completed the 9th or 8th grade [and leave school]. What they need to learn in practical terms, the children learn [outside]. However, one would earn merit for the welfare of the children [if one taught them] aesthetics, art history, and – Hahn – literary history.
We have not yet brought [free] religious instruction to the point where we have done the psalms with the children. They should understand the psalms by the time they reach their teens. Discuss all the material contained in the psalm; a kind of inner contemplation of what is contained in the psalm, so that it can be crowned with the singing of the psalm.
ERNST UEHLI: [What should I take now?] I'm coming out of the fairy tales.
RUDOLF STEINER: Symbolism, based on the material that arises. The significance of the festivals of the year. There is so much material in these lectures on Christmas, Easter, and Pentecost. You can discuss most of what is contained in these lectures. If you present it in the right way, it will be very good for this age group. If possible, tie in with the festive seasons. You can start earlier and finish later. Spend four weeks on Christmas.
ERNST UEHLI: [For the] prophets, can we use Michelangelo's figures?
RUDOLF STEINER: Yes, that is possible.
HERBERT HAHN: Should something be taken from the artistic-plastic arts?
RUDOLF STEINER: It would be good to know how far you have taken it and how you yourself would have continued it.
Transition to the psalm contemplation. Then, so that the tragic and sublime can emerge, the Laocoön group. It is the moment of dying.
MAX WOLFFHÜGEL: One copes quite well.
In horticulture, it is like this: I am forced to divide the children into groups. There are so many children in the workshop. The space is so [limited].
Further discussion on personnel issues.
WILHELM RUHTENBERG: May I continue like this [in religious education in the 3rd and 4th grades]?
RUDOLF STEINER: One must not believe that one can leave out Christ; that must not be.
LEONIE VON MIRBACH: [I had] Old Testament history.
RUDOLF STEINER: Not exclusively Old Testament history.
LEONIE VON MIRBACH: Where should I begin [in 1st grade]?
RUDOLF STEINER: We have actually, haven't we, always tried to start with natural phenomena, observing them. That was even a topic at the lowest level. And then [we] gradually moved on to stories, to narratives that had been invented. Then [we] approached the Gospel and worked out scenes from the Gospel of John and [took] these images. We started from a kind of nature religion. The point is to lead children to a religious sensibility in a natural way, by connecting with all kinds of things.
About the teaching of a religion teacher, Adolf Arenson, who was unable to engage the students, so that they wandered around the classroom.
RUDOLF STEINER: What was the reason for that? Something like that must not happen twice. It is a huge defeat. He told me that the children did not come. The moment he held the children's attention, it worked. It must be a matter of temperament. When he stopped, the children walked around the classroom or sat down at the piano and played. It must have been terrible.
It must not be like it was in Haubinda. Some of the students lay on the floor and stretched their legs in the air, others lay on the windowsill, some on the tables. No one sat properly. A novella by Keller [was read aloud]. There was no religious atmosphere. [That was] in 1903.
We must take great care to ensure that the class teachers do not arrive late for class. That is the main reason why the children start to run riot when they are left to their own devices and the teacher does not come.
WALTER JOHANNES STEIN: [In] 9th grade [we had to] study Jean Paul. Herman Grimm was required reading. What should we read in 8th grade?
RUDOLF STEINER: [Also] Herman Grimm.
WALTER JOHANNES STEIN: I'm starting to read Jean Paul. The chapter on humor was assigned.
RUDOLF STEINER: You will cover the whole story, contemporary history, literary history.
HERMANN von BARAVALLE: What should I read [in French in 7th grade]? I had chosen poetry.
RUDOLF STEINER: Read fables. La Fontaine.
JOHANNES GEYER asks about human studies in 4th grade.
RUDOLF STEINER: [You have to do it] according to the [age] level. In 4th grade, you will stick to the more external aspects. It is possible in almost every grade. The skeleton is, of course, the most abstract. I would not consider it on its own, but together with the whole human being, not even in 10th grade, not as a skeleton. I would start more from the whole human being. [The way] Dr. v. Heydebrand did it was quite good. One tries to make a group of ideas [relating to the human being] plausible.
HEDWIG HAUCK: Is it desirable for the new [enrolled] students to learn to knit, or can we integrate them into the work of the classes?
RUDOLF STEINER: It would be good if they [learned to knit first, if possible, but then] did the same as the class.
Someone asks: Employment and working conditions: Is it feasible to combine these in arithmetic lessons?
RUDOLF STEINER: This is just as good with arithmetic as with other things.
The question is asked how to deal with the business essay.
RUDOLF STEINER: I asked for a small order to be carried out by the “Kommender Tag” newspaper, and I received the message yesterday. I explained that I do not accept such a thing. It must be possible to deduce what has happened. Usually, it is not possible to deduce what has happened. Firstly, the address was wrong; secondly, instead of what I wanted to know, namely whether the matter had been transferred from one place to another, there were various other things; thirdly, there was something I was not interested in, namely that an account had been debited. What I wanted to know, namely whether the order had been carried out, could not be deduced. It was not possible to tell from the reply. A different address was given. This stems from superficiality, because people do not consider that things have to be accurate.
You only need to express what is to happen. You have to try to understand the case, the functioning of a business relationship, and then write things down based on that. [This is] best done in a critical manner. Try such exercises. Try to figure out what the gibberish means and try to put it into proper stylization.
Business essay: If you need some kind of expert opinion on something in a business and you request an expert opinion—an expert opinion is a business essay. Information, agent reports, that's a business essay. It's not so terrible if you do something wrong. Those who can do something at all are more likely to find their way into it than those who can't do anything. Those who do it usually can't do it either.
[To Emil Molt]: Any naive expression is better than business style. I cannot repeat the examples I have experienced to you; they are terrible. It spoils your tongue. It's not that scary, you just have to understand the case and reproduce it. Anyone can understand it. It's not just in business. Read a legal opinion, a judgment. I have read: A railroad is a straight or curved means of transportation on a plane or [on] a level that deviates more or less from the plane, with a certain destination, and so on. - There were sixteen lines.
ALEXANDER STRAKOSCH [on this]: Murder is the perfected destruction of animalistic existences.
RUDOLF STEINER: Always bear in mind when we design the curricula that they are derived from the nature of the child.
Take this into consideration when a [school inspector] like Eisele-Beisele comes, so that he does not find that not a single question is being answered. It may be that his questions are such that the children do not answer any questions. We must work in such a way that the children can [also] deal with foolish things. We want to adhere strictly to the curriculum. Encourage the children so that by the end of the 3rd and 6th years they know what might be asked without us preparing them. [Not like] that teacher [who had drilled each child on only one specific question. The school inspector asked]: Do you believe in God? – I believe in God. – [Do you also believe in Jesus Christ?] – No; the one [who] believes in Jesus Christ is [sitting] back there. – That must not happen to us. [...] [Interjection.]
On the subject of school libraries.
RUDOLF STEINER: Grillparzer, Hamerling, Aspasia as late as possible. König von Sion, as soon as they have covered history. They can read Ahasver. Lessing at the age of fifteen. Recently, there would have been reason to give them “The Broken Jug.” There is no need to cultivate Prussian dramas. Read Shakespeare in English. With such things, the aim should be to read something like Shakespeare in the language in which it was written. When people have reached an age where they would not normally learn the language, they should read something in translation that is as influential as Shakespeare is for English. Children should not be made to read Racine and Corneille in German. Only if there is no prospect of them reading it in French. Fercher von Steinwand. Twenty-four books of general history by Johannes Müller; they should get used to this style. They should get used to this diction. These would be the other [things] to prepare for children.
Fairy tales from the [mystery] drama, about good and evil: good for children to work through. But you can't give them the whole books. [...] [Johannes Geyer says something about this, then we come back to the personnel question.]
First of all, there is the immediate teaching staff to consider. We need a new teacher, who will be found in Dr. Plincke. However, it would be good if – forgive me – there was always a rotation: man – woman – man – woman, otherwise the school will become too female. It could happen that Ms. Plincke comes, then Michels would come, she is a gardener, then Dr. Röschl would come. It will be difficult from this point of view. The fact that everything falls on Strauss is that we don't know of any man – we have been talking since my last visit that there should be a manual skills teacher for horticulture. Actually, I have my reservations about Strauss, because he doesn't like to fit into a group, he's a bit of a loner. He has become more sociable. It wasn't so long ago that I saw him. I last saw him in Dornach, and he was much more sociable, much more sociable than he was when he was in Munich.
Someone remarks: He was very outspoken. We avoided each other, we didn't get along at all.
RUDOLF STEINER: The only question is whether you would like Miss Michels to come here as well. We could also telegraph Michels. I also have certain slight doubts. We did not have all the information we needed to make a decision yesterday. The extent to which Miss Michels will be suitable will only be determined during the interview. She has applied for the position. Is she the same one who performed?
A teacher named Hubel is proposed.
RUDOLF STEINER: He is only a “half-grown” man, he is still growing. Is it not true that we are training an equal number of men and women?
Someone replies: The men are in the majority.
RUDOLF STEINER: I am very much in favor of equality, but isn't it true that the opposite, imperialism, is also dangerous?
About the school opening ceremony next Saturday.
RUDOLF STEINER: I can speak first, [then] all the teachers. I think we [will do] it with the class teachers of each class [and with] representatives of the subject groups, in order, from top to bottom, without moving Miss Mirbach. It can be done from the top down, starting with the 10th grade.
We had reason to invite [Minister] Hieber. I don't think he'll come. That's a separate issue. Others will come too.
The subject teachers should also speak. 10th, 9th, 8th, [subject teachers] for eurythmy, music, languages, handicrafts, manual skills.
Someone asks for a suggestion as to how they should speak.
RUDOLF STEINER: At the beginning of the school year, you will be full of inspiration for your goals and intentions [with] the class. I think it would be better to suggest what you could leave out. Everyone has their own intentions and goals in mind. It would be hurtful to expect them to listen to what they should say.
PAUL BAUMANN: Hubel will play. Sing.
RUDOLF STEINER: It's a pity that original eurythmy cannot be performed. At the next recording. It would be nice if it could be done. [The celebration] must be very dignified. It's a shame that we have to hold it in the Stadtgartensaal. It is very bitter that we do not have the opportunity to hold the celebration here. We couldn't even get the children in, even if we did without other people. They could only stand. Something should be done by the teaching staff at the beginning of the school year. We will divide the children into grades 1-6 and 7-10; this will have to be done next year.
[...][Comments on eurythmy performances and the remedial class.]
[To Leonie von Mirbach, whose class was to be divided:] You should try to make the division in this way. It is best to know the children and to try to do what you think is best according to your subjective assessment.
Miss von Mirbach will take the older children, Miss von Grunelius will take the newcomers.
I think it's time.
