The Spiritual Guidance of Mankind
GA 15
Lecture I
[ 1 ] A man reflecting on his own nature soon becomes conscious that there is within him a second and more powerful self than the one bounded by his thoughts, his feelings, and the fully-conscious impulses of his will. He becomes aware that he is subject to that second self, as to a higher power. It is true that at first he will feel it to be a lower entity as compared with the one limited by his intelligent and fully-conscious soul, with its inclinations towards the Good and True. And at first he will strive to overcome that lower entity.
But closer self-examination may reveal something else about this second self. If we often, in the course of our lives, make a kind of survey of our acts and experiences, we make a singular discovery about ourselves. And the older we are, the more significant do we think that discovery. If we ask ourselves what we did or said at a particular period of our lives, it turns out that we have done very many things which are only really understood in later years. Seven or eight, or perhaps twenty years ago, we did certain things, and we know quite well that only now, long afterwards, is our intellect ripe enough to understand what we did or said at that earlier period.
Many people do not make such discoveries about themselves, because they do not look for them. But it is extremely profitable frequently to hold such communion with one's own soul. For directly a man becomes aware that he has done things in former years which he is only now beginning to understand, that formerly his intellect was not ripe enough to understand them,—at that moment, something like the following feeling arises in the soul: The man feels himself protected by a good power, which rules in the depths of his own being; he begins to have more and more confidence in the fact that really, in the highest sense of the word, he is not alone in the world, and that everything which he understands, and is consciously able to do, is after all but a small part of what he has really accomplished in the world.
[ 2 ] If this observation is often made, it is possible to carry out in practical life something which is very easy to see theoretically. It is easy to see that we should not make much progress in life if we had to accomplish everything we have to do, in full consciousness, with our intelligence taking note of every circumstance affecting us. In order to see this theoretically, we have only to reflect as follows: In what period of his life does a human being perform those acts which are really most important as regards his own existence? When does he act most wisely for himself? He does this from about the time of his birth up to that period to which his memory goes back when in later life he survey his earthly existence. If he recalls what he did three, four or five years ago, and then goes farther and farther back, he comes at last to a certain point in childhood, beyond which memory cannot go. What lies beyond it may be told by parents or others, but a man's own recollection only extends to a certain point in the past. That point is the moment at which the individual felt himself to be an ego. In the lives of people whose memory is limited to the normal, there must always be such a point. But previous to it, the human soul has worked in the wisest possible manner on the individual, and never afterwards, when the human being has gained consciousness, can he accomplish such vast and magnificent work on himself as he does when impelled by subconscious motives during the first years of childhood.
For we know that at birth man carries into the physical world what he has brought with him as the result of his former earthly lives. When he is born, his physical brain, for instance, is but a very imperfect instrument. The soul has to work a finer organization into that instrument, in order to make it the agent of everything that the soul is capable of performing. In point of fact, the human soul, before it is fully conscious, works upon the brain so as to make it an instrument for exercising all the abilities, aptitudes and qualities, which appertain to the soul as the result of its former earthly lives. This work on a man's own body is directed from points of view which are wiser than anything he can subsequently do for himself when in possession of full consciousness.
Moreover, man during this period not only elaborates his brain plastically, but has to learn three most important things for his earthly existence. [ 3 ] The first is the equilibrium of his own in space. The man of the present day entirely overlooks the meaning of this statement which touches upon one of the most essential differences between man and animals. An animal is destined from the outset to develop its equilibrium in space in a certain way; one animal is destined to be a climber, another, a swimmer. An animal is organized from the beginning in such a way as to be able to bear itself rightly in space, and this is the case with all animals up to and including the mammals most resembling man. If zoologists would ponder this fact, they would lay less emphasis on the number of bones and. muscles similar in men and animals, for this is of much less account than the fact that the human being is not endowed at birth with the complete equipment for his conditions of equilibrium. He has first to form them out of the sum total of his being. It is significant that man should have to work upon himself in order to make out of a being unable to walk at all, one that can walk erect. It is man himself who gives himself his vertical position, his equilibrium in space. He brings himself into relation with the force of gravitation. It will obviously be easy for anyone taking a superficial view of the matter to question this statement, with apparently good reason. It may be said that the human being is just as much organized for his erect walk as, for instance, a climbing animal is for climbing. But more accurate observation will show that it is the peculiarity of the animal's organization that causes its position in space. In man it is the soul which brings itself into relation with space and controls the organization.
[ 4 ] The second thing which the human being teaches himself is speech. This is by means of the entity which proceeds from one incarnation to another as the same being. Through speech he comes into relation with his fellowmen. This relation makes him the vehicle of that spiritual life which interpenetrates the physical world primarily through man. Emphasis has often been laid, with good reason, on the fact that a human being removed, before he could speak, to a desert island, and kept apart from his fellows, would not learn to talk. On the other hand, what we receive by inheritance, what is implanted in us for use in later years and is subject to the principles of heredity, does not depend on a man's dwelling with his fellows. For instance, his inherited conditions oblige him to change his teeth in the seventh year. If it were possible for him to grow up on a desert island, he would still change his teeth. But he only learns to talk when his soul's inner being, which is carried on from one life to another, is stimulated. The germ, however, for the development of the larynx must be formed during the period in which the human being has not yet acquired his ego-consciousness. Before the time to which his memory goes back, he must plant the germ for developing his larynx, in order that this may become the organ of speech.
[ 5 ] And then there is a third thing, the life within the world of thought. It is not so well known that the human being acquires this of himself, from that part of his inner nature which be carries on from one incarnation to another. The elaboration of the brain is undertaken because the brain is the instrument of thought. At the beginning of life, this organ is still plastic, because the individual has to form it for himself as an instrument of thought, in accordance with the intention of the entity which proceeds from one incarnation to another. The brain immediately after birth is, as it was bound to be, in consonance with the forces inherited from parents and other ancestors. But the individual has to express in his thought what he is as an individual being in conformity with his former earthly lives. Therefore he must re-model the inherited peculiarities of his brain, after birth, when he has become physically independent of his parents and other ancestors.
[ 6 ] We thus see that man accomplishes momentous things during the first years of his life. He is working on himself in the spirit of the highest wisdom. In point of fact, if it were a question of his own cleverness, he would not be able to accomplish what he must accomplish without that cleverness during the first period of his life. Why is all this accomplished in those depths of the soul which lie outside consciousness? This happens because the human soul and entire being are, during the first years of earthly life, in much closer connection with the spiritual worlds of the higher hierarchies than they are later. A clairvoyant who has gone through sufficient spiritual development to be able to witness actual spiritual events, sees something exceedingly significant at the moment when the ego acquires consciousness, i.e., at the earliest point to which the memory of later years goes back. Whereas what we call the child's aura hovers around it during its earliest years like a wonderful human and superhuman power and, being really the higher part of the child, is continued on into the spiritual world, at the moment to which memory goes back, this aura sinks more into the inner being of the child. A human being is able to feel himself a continuous ego as far back as that point of time, because that which was previously in close connection with the higher worlds, then passed into his ego. Henceforward the consciousness is at every point brought into connection with the external world. This is not the case with a very young child, to whom things appear only as a surrounding world -of dreams.
Man works on himself by means of a wisdom which is not within him. That wisdom is mightier and more comprehensive than any conscious wisdom of later years. The higher wisdom becomes obscured in the human soul which, in exchange, receives consciousness.
The higher wisdom works out of the spiritual world deep into the bodily part of man, so that man is able by its means to form his brain out of spirit. It is rightly said that even the wisest may learn from a child, for in the child is working the wisdom which does not pass later into consciousness. Through that wisdom man has something like telephonic connection with the spiritual beings in whose world he lives between death and rebirth. From that world there is something still streaming into the aura of the child, which is, as an individual being, immediately under the guidance of the entire spiritual world to which it belongs. Spiritual forces from that world continue to flow into the child. They cease so to flow at the point of time to which memory goes back. It is these forces which enable the child to bring itself into a definite relation to gravitation. They form the larynx, and so mold the brain that it becomes a living instrument for the expression of thought, feeling, and will.
[ 7 ] What is present in childhood to a supreme degree, so that the individual is then working out of a self which is still in direct connection with higher worlds, continues to some extent even in later years, although the conditions change in the manner indicated above. If at a later stage of life we feel that we did something years before which we are only now able to understand, it is just because we previously let ourselves be guided by higher wisdom, and only after the lapse of years have we attained to an understanding of the reasons for our conduct.
From all this we can feel that, immediately after birth, we had not escaped so very far from the world in which we were before entering upon physical existence, and that we can never really escape from it wholly. Our share in higher spirituality enters our physical life and accompanies us throughout. We often feel that what is within us is not only a higher self which is gradually being evolved, but is something higher which is there already, and is the motive cause of our so often developing beyond ourselves.
[ 8 ] All ideals and artistic creations which man is able to produce, as well as all the natural healing forces in his own body, by means of which he is continually able to adjust the injuries that befall him in life—all these powers do not proceed from ordinary intellect, but from those deeper forces which in our earliest years are at work on our equilibrium in space, on the formation of our larynx, and on the brain. For these same forces are still at work in man in later years. When sickness attacks us, it is often said that external forces cannot help us, but that our organism must develop the healing powers latent within it; by this is meant that there is a profoundly wise activity present in us. Moreover, it is from this same source that proceed the best forces whereby knowledge of the spiritual world, true clairvoyance; is attained.
[ 9 ] The question now suggests itself: why do the higher forces which have been described work upon human nature only during early childhood? [ 10 ] One-half of the answer may be easily given as follows: If those higher forces went on working in the same way, man would be always a child. He would not attain the full ego-consciousness. From within his own being must proceed the motive power which previously worked on him from without. But there is a more important reason which explains still more clearly the mysteries of human life, and that is the following:
It is possible to learn through occult science, that the human body, as it exists at its present stage of evolution, must be regarded as having arrived at its present form under different conditions. It is known to the occultist that this evolution was effected by means of the working of various forces on the sum-total of man's being; certain forces worked on the physical body, others on the etheric, others on the astral body. Human nature has arrived at its present form through the action of those beings whom we call the Luciferic and Ahrimanic. By their means it has, in a certain way, become more imperfect than it need have been if only those forces had been active within it which proceed from the spiritual rulers of the cosmos who desire to evolve man along straight lines. The causes of sorrow, disease, and even of death are to be sought in the fact that, besides the beings who are evolving man in a straight line forwards, there are also the Luciferic and Ahrimanic spirits, who are continually crossing the line of straightforward progressive development.
Man brings with him at birth something which he cannot improve upon later in life. This is so, because the Luciferic and Ahrimanic forces have little influence over man during early childhood; they are virtually operative only in what man makes out of himself by his conscious life. [ 11 ] If he were to retain in full force beyond early childhood that more perfect part of his being, he would be unable to endure its influence, because his whole being is weakened by the opposing forces of Lucifer and Ahriman. Man's organism in the physical world is so constituted that it is only as a soft and pliable child that he can endure within him those direct forces of the spiritual world. He would be shattered, if during his later life there were still directly working in him those forces which underlie the faculty of equilibrium in space, and the formation of the larynx and the brain. Those forces are so tremendous that, if they were to continue working, our organism would pine away under the influence of their holiness. Man must only have recourse to such forces for the purpose of developing the power to make conscious connection with the supersensible world.
[ 12 ] But out of this there arises a thought which is of great significance, if rightly understood. It is expressed in the New Testament in the words, ‘Except ye become as little children, ye cannot enter into the Kingdom of Heaven.’ What then becomes manifest as man's highest ideal, if what has just been said be rightly received? Surely this—the drawing ever nearer and nearer to what we may call a conscious relation to the forces which work in man unknown to him during early childhood, 0niy it must be borne in mind that man would collapse under the power of those forces, if they were at once to operate in his conscious life. For this reason, careful preparation is necessary for the attainment of those faculties which induce the perception of supersensible worlds. The object of such preparation is to qualify man to bear what he is unable to bear in ordinary life.
[ 13 ] The passing of the individual through successive incarnations is of importance for the collective evolution of the human race. The latter has advanced through successive lives in the past, and is still advancing, and parallel with it the earth too is moving forwards in its evolution. The time will come when the earth will have reached the end of its career. Then the earthly planet will fall away as a physical entity from the sum-total of human souls, just as the human body falls away from the spirit at death, when, in order to continue living, the soul enters the spiritual realm which is adapted to it between death and re-birth. When once this is realized, it must appear as man's highest ideal to have progressed far enough at earthly death, to be able to reap all possible benefits which may be obtained from earthly life.
[ 14 ] Now those forces which prevent man from being able to endure the powers working upon him during early childhood come out of the substance of the earth. When these have fallen away from a human being, the latter, if he has attained the aim of his life, must have advanced far enough to be able actually to give himself up, with his whole being, to the powers which at present are only active in man during childhood. Thus the object of evolution through successive earthly lives is gradually to make the whole individual, including therefore the conscious part, into an expression of the powers which are ruling in him under the influence of the spiritual world—though he does not know it—during the first years of his life. The thought which takes possession of the soul after such reflections as these, must fill it with humility, but also with a due consciousness of the dignity of man. The thought is this man is not alone; there is something living within him which is constantly affording him proof that he can rise above himself to something which is already growing beyond him, and which will go on growing from one life to another. This thought can assume more and more definite form; and in that case it affords something supremely soothing and elevating, at the same time filling the soul with corresponding humility and modesty. What is it that man has within him in this way? Surely a higher, divine human being, by whom he is able to feel himself interpenetrated, saying to himself, ‘He is my guide within me.’
[ 15 ] From such a point of view, it is not long before we arrive at the thought that by all the means in our power we should strive to be in harmony with that within our being which is wiser than conscious intelligence. And we shall be referred on from the directly conscious self to an enlarged self, in the presence of whom all false pride and presumption will be extinguished and subdued. This feeling develops into another which opens the way to accurate understanding of the nature of present human imperfection; and the consciousness of this leads to the knowledge that man may become perfect, if once the larger spirituality ruling within him is allowed to bear the same relation to his consciousness which it bore to the unconscious life of the soul in early childhood.
[ 16 ] If it often happens that memory does not extend as far back as the fourth year of a child's life, it may nevertheless be said that the influence of the higher spirit-sphere, in the above sense, lasts through the first three years. At the end of that span of time a child becomes capable of linking its impressions of the outer world to the ideas of its ego. It is true that this coherent ego- conception can only be reckoned as existing as far back as memory extends. Yet we must say that virtually memory extends to the beginning of the fourth year, only it is too weak at the beginning of distinct ego-consciousness to be perceptible. It may be granted that those higher powers which dispose of a human being in the early years of childhood can be operative for three years; therefore man, during the present middle period of the earth, is so organized that he can receive these forces for only three years.
[ 17 ] Supposing a man now stood before us, and that some cosmic powers could cause his ordinary ego to be removed. For this purpose we must assume that it would be possible to remove from the physical, etheric, and astral bodies the ordinary ego which has passed through successive incarnations with the human being. And now suppose that into the three bodies could be introduced an ego which works in connection with spiritual worlds, what would happen to a person thus treated? At the end of three years his body would necessarily be shattered, Something would occur, through cosmic karma, which would prevent the spirit-being which would be in connection with higher worlds, from living more than three years in that body.1The vitality of the human organism is maintained at the transition from childhood to later life, because the organism is capable of change at that period. Later in life, it is no longer susceptible of change, and on this account cannot continue to exist with that other Self. Only at the end of all his earthly lives will man have that within him which will enable him to live more than three years with that spirit-being. But then, it is true, man will be able to say to himself, ‘Not I, but that Higher One within me, who was always there, is now working in me.’ Till that time comes, he is not able to say this. The most he can say is that he feels that higher being, but has not yet progressed far enough with his real, actual human ego, to be able to bring that higher being to full life within him.
[ 18 ] Supposing then that, at some time in the middle earth-period, a human organism were to come into the world, and later in life be freed from his ego by the action of certain cosmic powers, receiving in exchange the ego which usually only works in man during the first three years of life, and which would be in connection with the spiritual worlds in which man exists between death and rebirth: how long would such a person be able to live in an earthly body? About three years. For at the end of that time, something would arise through cosmic karma, which would destroy that human organism.
[ 19 ] What is here supposed is, indeed, a historical fact. The human organism which stood in the river Jordan at John's baptism when the ego of Jesus of Nazareth left the three bodies, contained, after the baptism, in complete conscious development, that higher Self of humanity which usually works with cosmic wisdom on a child without its knowledge. At the same time, the necessity arose that this Self which was in connection with the higher spirit-world could only live for three years in the appropriate human organism. Events had then to take place which brought the earthly life of that being to a close. [ 20 ] The outer events in the life of Christ Jesus are to be interpreted as absolutely conditioned by the inner causes just set forth, and present themselves as the outward expression of those causes.
[ 21 ] We are now able to see the deeper connection existing between that which is man's guide in life, which streams in upon his childhood like the dawn and is always working below the surface of consciousness as the best part of him, and that which once upon a time entered the whole of human evolution and was able to dwell for three years in a human frame.
[ 22 ] What then is manifested in that ‘higher’ ego, which is connected with the spiritual hierarchies, and which in due time entered the body of Jesus of Nazareth, this entrance being symbolically represented by the sign of the Spirit descending in the form of a dove, and by the words; ‘this is my well-beloved Son, to-day have I begotten him’ (for so stood the words originally)? If we fix our eyes upon this picture, we are contemplating the highest human ideal. For it means that the history of Jesus of Nazareth is a statement of this fact; the Christ can be discerned in every human being. And even if there were no Gospels and no tradition to tell us that once a Christ lived on earth, we should yet learn through knowledge of human nature that the Christ is living in man.
[ 23 ] The recognition of the forces working in human nature during childhood is the recognition of the Christ in man. The question now arises, does this recognition lead to the further perception of the fact that this Christ once really dwelt on earth in a human body? Without bringing forward any documents, this question may be answered in the affirmative. For genuine clairvoyant knowledge of self leads the man of the present day to see that powers are to be discovered in the human soul which emanate from the Christ. These powers are at work during the first three years of childhood without any action being taken by the human being. In later life they may be called into action, if the Christ be sought within the soul by inner meditation. Man was not always able, as he is now, to find the Christ within himself. There were times when no inner meditation could lead him to the Christ. This again we learn from clairvoyant perception. In the interval between that past time when man could not find the Christ in himself, and the present time when he can find him, there took place Christ's earthly life. And that life itself is the source of man's power to find the Christ in himself in the manner that has been pointed out. Thus to clairvoyant perception the earthly life of Christ is proved without any historical records.
[ 24 ] It is just as if the Christ had said; ‘I will be such an ideal for you human beings that, when it is raised to a spiritual level, you will be shown that which is fulfilled in each human body.’ In his early childhood man learns from the spirit how to walk; he is shown by the spirit his way through earthly life. From the spirit he learns to speak, to form truth; in other words, be develops the essence of truth out of sound during the first three years of his life. And the life too, which man lives on earth as an ego-being, obtains its vital organ through what is formed in the first three years of childhood. Thus man learns to walk, to find ‘the way’; he learns to present ‘truth’ through his physical organism; and he learns to bring ‘life’ from the spirit into expression in his body. No more significant interpretation seems possible of the words ‘Except ye become as little children ye cannot enter into the kingdom of heaven.’ And momentous is that saying in which the ego-being of the Christ comes into expression thus, ‘I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life.’ Just as, unknown to a child, the higher spirit-forces are fashioning its organism to become the bodily expression of the way, the truth, and the life, so the spirit of man, through being interpenetrated with the Christ, gradually becomes the conscious vehicle of the way, the truth, and the life. He is thereby making himself, in the course of his earthly development, into that force which bears sway within him as a child, when he is not consciously its vehicle.
[ 25 ] This saying about the way, the truth, and the life, is capable of opening the doors of eternity. It sounds to man out of the depths of his soul, if his self-knowledge is true and real.
[ 26 ] Such reflections as these open up, in a double sense, the vision of the spiritual guidance of the individual and of collective humanity. As human beings we are able, through self-knowledge, to find the Christ within us as the guide Whom, since His life on earth, we can always reach, because He is always in man. Furthermore, if we apply to the historical records what we have apprehended without them, we discover their real nature. They express something which is revealed of itself in the depths of the soul. They are therefore to be accounted as guiding humanity in the same direction as the soul itself is proceeding.
[ 27 ] If we thus understand the suggestion of eternity in the words, ‘I am the way, the truth, and the life,’ we cannot feel ourselves justified in asking, ‘Why does a person who has passed through many incarnations always re-enter life as a child?’ For it becomes evident that this apparent imperfection is an ever-recurring reminder of the Highest that is in man. And we cannot be reminded often enough—at any rate each time we enter earthly life is not too often to remind us—of the vast importance of man's connection with that Being Who underlies all earthly existence, untouched by its imperfections.
[ 28 ] It is not well to make many definitions or summaries in spiritual science or theosophy, or indeed in occultism generally. It is better to give a description, and to try and call forth a feeling of what really exists. On this account we have attempted to induce a feeling of what distinguishes the first three years of human life, and of the way in which this is related to the light that streams from the cross on Golgotha. The meaning of this feeling is that an impulse is passing through human evolution, and that through this impulse the Pauline saying, ‘Not I—but the Christ in me,’ will become a fact. We have only to know what man is in reality, in order to be able to proceed from such knowledge to insight into the nature of the Christ. When once, however, we have arrived at the Christ-idea, through true observation of humanity, we know that we discover the Christ in the best way if we first look for Him in ourselves; and if we then return to the Bible records we value them rightly for the first time. And no one prizes the Bible more, or more consciously, than one who has found the Christ in this way. It is possible to imagine a being, let us say, an inhabitant of Mars, descending to earth, without ever having heard of the Christ and His work. Much that has taken place on earth would be incomprehensible to the Martian; much that interests people nowadays would not interest him. But it would interest him to discover the central impulse of earthly evolution, the Christ-idea as it is expressed in human nature itself.
Having grasped this, a man is able for the first time rightly to understand the Bible, for he finds expressed there in a marvelous way what he has previously observed in himself, and he says: It is unnecessary to have been brought up with any special reverence for the Gospels; by means of what I have learned through spiritual science, they need only be presented to me, a fully-conscious human being, to stand revealed before me in all their greatness.
[ 29 ] Indeed, if it is not too much to say that in the course of time people who have learned through spiritual science rightly to appreciate the contents of the Gospels, will value them as guides of the human race more justly than hitherto. It is only through knowledge of human nature itself that humanity will learn to see what is latent in those profound records. It will then be said: If there is to be found in the Gospels that which forms an integral part of human nature, it must have come from the people who wrote these documents on earth, Therefore what genuine reflection brings home to us about our own lives—the more so the older we grow—must hold especially good with regard to those writers. We ourselves have done many things which we only understand years afterwards, and in the writers of the Gospels may be seen people who wrote out of the higher self which works in man during childhood, so that the Gospels are writings emanating from the wisdom which molds human nature. Man is a manifestation of spirit through his body, and the Gospels are such a manifestation in writing.
[ 30 ] On this assumption the idea of inspiration regains its true and loftier meaning. Just as higher forces are at work on the brain during the first three years of childhood, so there were higher forces from spiritual worlds impressed on the souls of the Evangelists, under the influence of which they wrote the Gospels. The spiritual guidance of humanity is expressed in such a fact as this. For the human race must surely be guided, if within it people are writing records under the influence of those same powers that are at work on the molding of man in profound wisdom. And just as the individual says or does things which he only understands at a later period of life, so collective humanity has produced in the Evangelists means of revelation which can only be understood by degrees. The farther humanity progresses, the greater will be the understanding of these records. The human being can feel spiritual guidance within himself; and collective humanity can feel it in those of its members who work as did the writers of the Gospels.
[ 31 ] The idea thus gained of the guidance of humanity may be extended in many directions. Let us suppose that a man finds disciples—a few people who follow him. Such a one will soon become aware, through genuine self-knowledge, that the very fact of his finding disciples gives him the feeling that what he has to say does not originate with himself. The case is rather this—that spiritual powers in higher worlds wish to communicate with the disciples, and find in the teacher the fitting instrument for their manifestation.
[ 32] The thought will suggest itself to such a man: when I was a child I worked on myself by the aid of forces proceeding from the spiritual world, and what I am now able to give, of my best, must also proceed from higher worlds; I may not look upon it as belonging to my ordinary consciousness. Such a man may in fact say: something demonic, something like a ‘daimon’—using the word in the sense of a good spiritual power—is working out of a spiritual world through me on my disciples.
Socrates felt something of this kind. Plato tells us that he spoke of his ‘daimon’ as of the one who led and guided him. Many attempts have been made to explain this ‘daimon’ of Socrates, but it can only be explained by supposing that Socrates was able to feel something like that which results from the above reflections. Then we are able to understand that throughout the three or four centuries during which the Socratic principle was active in Greece, a state of feeling permeated the Greek world, which prepared the way for another great event. The feeling that man, as he now is, is not the whole of what comes through from higher worlds—this feeling went on working. The best of those in whom it was present were those who afterwards best understood the words, ‘Not I, but the Christ in me.’ For they could say to themselves: Socrates used to speak of a being working as a ‘daimon’ from higher worlds; the Christ-ideal makes clear what Socrates meant. Socrates could not as yet speak of Christ, because in his time no one was able to find the Christ-nature within himself.
[ 33 ] Here again we feel something of the spiritual guidance of man, for nothing can be established in the world without preparation. Why was it that Paul found his best disciples in Greece? Because the ground had been prepared there by the teaching of Socrates and the state of feeling that has been described. That is to say, what happens in human evolution may be traced back to events which operated previously, and made people ripe for what was afterwards to be brought to bear upon them. Do we not feel here how far the guiding impulse passing through human evolution extends and how at the right moment it places people where they will best be used to further that evolution? In such facts is manifested the guidance of mankind.
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Kapitel I
[ 1 ] Der Mensch, welcher sich auf sich selbst besinnt, kommt bald zu der Einsicht, daß er außer dem Selbst, das er mit seinen Gedanken, Gefühlen und vollbewußten Willensimpulsen umfaßt, noch ein zweites kraftvolleres Selbst in sich trägt. Er wird gewahr, wie er sich diesem zweiten Selbst als einer höheren Macht unterordnet. Zunächst wird der Mensch allerdings dieses zweite Selbst wie eine niedrigere Wesenheit empfinden gegenüber demjenigen, das er mit seinem klaren, nach dem Guten und Wahren neigenden vollbewußten Seelenwesen umspannt. Und er wird diese niedrigere Wesenheit zu überwinden trachten. Eine intimere Selbstprüfung kann aber über das zweite Selbst noch etwas anderes lehren. Wenn man im Leben öfter eine Art Rückschau hält auf dasjenige, was man erlebt oder getan hat, so wird man an sich eine eigentümliche Entdeckung machen. Und man wird diese Erfahrung um so bedeutungsvoller finden, je älter man wird. Wenn man sich frägt: Was hast du in dieser oder jener Zeit deines Lebens getan oder gesprochen?, dann stellt sich heraus, daß man eine ganze Menge von Dingen getan hat, die man eigentlich erst in einem späteren Lebensalter versteht. Da hat man vor sieben oder acht Jahren, oder vielleicht vor zwanzig Jahren Dinge getan, von denen man ganz genau weiß: Jetzt erst, nach langer Zeit, reicht eigentlich dein Verstand so weit, daß du die Dinge verstehen kannst, die du damals getan oder gesprochen hast. - Viele Menschen machen solche Selbstentdeckungen nicht, weil sie nicht darauf ausgehen. Aber es ist außerordentlich fruchtbar, wenn der Mensch öfter eine solche Einkehr in seine Seele hält. Denn von einem solchen Moment, in welchem der Mensch gewahr wird: Du hast eigentlich in früheren Jahren Dinge getan, die du jetzt erst anfängst zu verstehen; damals war dein Verstand noch nicht reif, um die Dinge zu verstehen, welche du getan oder doch gesprochen hast, - von einem solchen Moment, in welchem man eine Entdeckung dieser Art macht, geht etwas aus wie die folgende Empfindung der Seele: Man fühlt sich wie geborgen durch eine gute Macht, die in den eigenen Wesenstiefen waltet; man fängt an, immer mehr und mehr Vertrauen zu gewinnen zu der Tatsache, daß man eigentlich im höchsten Sinne des Wortes doch nicht allein ist in der Welt, und daß alles dasjenige, was man versteht, was man bewußt kann, im Grunde genommen nur ein kleiner Teil dessen ist, was man in der Welt vollbringt.
[ 2 ] Man kann, wenn man diese Beobachtung öfters macht, etwas, was ja theoretisch sehr leicht einzusehen ist, zu voller Lebenspraxis erheben. Theoretisch leicht einzusehen ist, daß der Mensch im Leben nicht sehr weit kommen könnte, wenn er alles, was er vollbringen muß, mit vollbewußtem Verstande, mit einer alle Verhältnisse überschauenden Intelligenz vollbringen müßte. Um dies theoretisch einzusehen, braucht man nur die folgende Überlegung anzustellen. In welchem Lebensabschnitt vollbringt der Mensch eigentlich an sich selber die für das Dasein wichtigsten Taten? Wann handelt er am allerweisesten an sich selber? Das tut er ungefähr von der Geburt an bis zu dem Zeitpunkte, bis zu dem er sich noch zurückerinnern kann, wenn er im späteren Leben zurückblickt auf die verflossenen Jahre seines Erdendaseins. Wenn man zurückdenkt an das, was man vor drei, vier, fünf Jahren und dann immer weiter zurück getan hat, so kommt man bis zu einem gewissen Punkt der Kindheit; weiter geht die Rückerinnerung nicht. Was davor liegt, können dem Menschen die Eltern oder andere Personen erzählen; aber die eigene Erinnerung reicht nur bis zu einem gewissen Punkt zurück. Das ist auch der Zeitpunkt, in welchem der Mensch gelernt hat, sich als ein Ich zu fühlen. Bei den Menschen, deren Erinnerung über die Lebensnorm nicht hinausgeht, muß immer ein solcher Lebenspunkt da sein. Vor diesem Zeitpunkte aber hat die menschliche Seele am Menschen selbst die allerweisesten Dinge getan, und niemals kann der Mensch später, wenn er zu seinem Bewußtsein gekommen ist, so Großartiges und Gewaltiges an sich selber leisten, wie er in den allerersten Jahren seiner Kindheit aus unterbewußten Seelengründen heraus vollzieht. Denn man weiß, daß der Mensch durch seine Geburt in die physische Welt das hineinträgt, was er mitgebracht hat als die Früchte der früheren Erdenleben. Wenn der Mensch geboren wird, ist zum Beispiel sein physisches Gehirn noch ein sehr unvollkommenes Werkzeug. Es muß nun des Menschen Seele in dieses Werkzeug erst die feineren Gliederungen hineinarbeiten, die es zum Vermittler alles dessen machen, wessen die Seele fähig ist. In der Tat arbeitet die Menschenseele, bevor sie vollbewußt ist, an dem Gehirn so, daß dieses ein solches Werkzeug werden kann, wie es gebraucht wird zum Ausleben all der Fähigkeiten, Anlagen, Eigenschaften und so weiter, welche der Seele eignen als Ergebnisse ihrer früheren Erdenleben. Diese Arbeit am eigenen Leibe ist von Gesichtspunkten geleitet, die weiser sind als alles dasjenige, was der Mensch später aus seinem vollen Bewußtsein heraus an sich tun kann. Und noch mehr: während dieser Zeiten muß nicht nur das geschehen, daß der Mensch sein Gehirn plastisch ausarbeitet, sondern er muß lernen drei der wichtigsten Dinge für sein Erdendasein.
[ 3] Als erstes lernt er die eigene Körperlichkeit im Raume orientieren. Was damit gesagt ist, beachtet der heutige Mensch eigentlich gar nicht. Es wird damit einer der wesentlichsten Unterschiede des Menschen vom Tier berührt. Das Tier ist von vornherein bestimmt, seine Gleichgewichtslage im Raume in einer gewissen Art zu entwickeln; das eine Tier ist zum Klettertier vorbestimmt, das andere zum Schwimmtier und so weiter. Das Tier ist von vornherein so organisiert, daß es sich in richtiger Weise in den Raum hineinstellt; und das ist bis hinauf zu den menschenähnlichsten Säugetieren der Fall. Wenn die Zoologen über dieses Faktum nachdenken würden, so würden sie weniger betonen, daß zum Beispiel Mensch und Tier so und so viele gleichartige Knochen und Muskeln haben und so weiter; denn dieses kommt viel weniger in Betracht als die Tatsache, daß der Mensch nicht von vornherein die volle Anlage für seine Gleichgewichtsverhältnisse mitbekommt. Er muß sich diese erst aus seinem Gesamtwesen herausgestalten. Es ist bedeutungsvoll, daß der Mensch an sich selbst arbeiten muß, um sich aus einem Wesen, das nicht gehen kann, zu einem solchen zu machen, das aufrecht gehen kann. Der Mensch ist es selbst, der sich seine vertikale Lage, seine Gleichgewichtslage im Raum gibt. Er bringt sich selbst in ein Verhältnis zur Schwerkraft. Einer Betrachtung, welche nicht in die Tiefe der Sache dringen will, wird es selbstverständlich ein Leichtes sein, mit scheinbar guten Gründen dies zu bestreiten. Man kann sagen, der Mensch sei eben für seinen aufrechten Gang ebeno hinorganisiert wie zum Beispiel ein Klettertier zum Klettern. Ein genaueres Zusehen aber kann zeigen, daß es beim Tier die Eigenart der Organisation ist, welche das Hineinstellen in den Raum bewirkt. Beim Menschen aber ist es die Seele, welche sich in Beziehung zum Raum bringt und die Organisation bezwingt.
[ 4 ] Das zweite, was der Mensch sich selber lehrt, und zwar aus der Wesenheit heraus, welche von Verkörperung zu Verkörperung als dieselbe weiterschreitet, ist die Sprache. Durch sie setzt er sich zu seinen Mitmenschen in ein Verhältnis, welches ihn zum Träger desjenigen geistigen Lebens macht, das die physische Welt zunächst von ihm aus durchdringt. Es ist oft mit gutem Grunde betont worden, daß ein Mensch, der auf eine einsame Insel versetzt würde und nicht mit andern Menschen zusammen wäre, bevor er sprechen kann, die Sprache nicht lernen würde. Was wir ererbt erhalten, was eingepflanzt ist für spätere Jahre, so daß es den Vererbungsprinzipien unterliegt, das hängt nicht davon ab, daß der Mensch mit seinen Mitmenschen zusammen ist. Er ist zum Beispiel von vornherein durch die Vererbungsverhältnisse dazu veranlagt, im siebenten Jahre die Zähne zu wechseln. Da könnte er auf einer einsamen Insel sein, wenn er nur die Möglichkeit hätte, heranzuwachsen, würde er die Zähne wechseln. Sprechen aber lernt er nur, wenn sein Seelenwesen als solches angeregt wird, als dasjenige, was von Leben zu Leben getragen wird. Der Mensch muß in jener Zeit den Keim für seine Kehlkopfentwickelung formen, in der er noch nicht sein Ich-Bewußtsein hat. Vor der Zeit, bis zu der er sich zurückerinnert, muß er den Keim legen zur Formung seiner Kehlkopfentwickelung, so daß der Kehlkopf zum Sprachorganismus werden kann.
[ 5] Und dann gibt es ein Drittes, von dem es weniger bekannt ist, daß es der Mensch durch sich selbst lernt, durch das, was er in seinem Innern von Verkörperung zu Verkörperung trägt. Das ist das Leben innerhalb der Gedankenwelt selber. Die Bearbeitung des Gehirns wird aus dem Grunde vorgenommen, weil das Gehirn das Werkzeug des Denkens ist. Es ist dieses Organ im Lebensbeginne deshalb noch plastisch, weil der Mensch es selbst erst so formen soll, wie das Instrument seines Denkens im Sinne der Wesenheit sein muß, die von Leben zu Leben getragen wird. So wie das Gehirn unmittelbar nach der Geburt ist, so mußte es werden gemäß den Kräften, die von Eltern, Voreltern und so weiter vererbt sind. Der Mensch aber muß in seinem Denken zum Ausdruck bringen, was er als Eigenwesen ist, gemäß seinen früheren Erdenleben. Deshalb muß er sich die Eigentümlichkeiten seines Gehirns, die er ererbt hat, dann umformen, wenn er - nach der Geburt - physisch unabhängig von Eltern, Voreltern und so weiter geworden ist.
[ 6 ] Man sieht, daß der Mensch in den allerersten Jahren seines Lebens bedeutungsvolle Dinge vollbringt. Er arbeitet im Sinne höchster Weisheit an sich selber. Er könnte in der Tat, wenn es auf seine Klugheit ankäme, das nicht vollbringen, was er ohne seine Klugheit in der ersten Lebenszeit vollbringen muß. Warum wird aus den Seelentiefen, die außer dem Bewußtsein liegen, dies alles vollbracht? Es geschieht aus dem Grunde, weil der Mensch in den ersten Jahren seines Lebens mit seiner Seele, mit seiner ganzen Wesenheit viel mehr angeschlossen ist an die geistigen Welten der höheren Hierarchien, als dies später der Fall ist. Für den Hellseher, der eine geistige Entwickelung durchgemacht hat, so daß er die wirklichen geistigen Vorgänge verfolgen kann, zeigt sich an dem Zeitpunkte, in welchem der Mensch sein Ich-Bewußtsein so erlangt, daß er sich später bis zu diesem Zeitpunkte zurückerinnern kann, etwas ungeheuer Bedeutungsvolles. Während das, was wir die «kindliche Aura» nennen, in den ersten Lebensjahren wie eine wunderbare, menschlich-übermenschliche Macht das Kind umschwebt - so umschwebt, daß diese kindliche Aura, der eigentliche höhere Teil des Menschen, überall seine Fortsetzung in die geistige Welt hinein hat -, dringt in jenem Zeitpunkt, bis zu welchem der Mensch sich zurückerinnern kann, diese Aura mehr in das Innere des Menschen hinein. Der Mensch kann sich, bis zu diesem Zeitpunkte zurück, als zusammenhängendes Ich empfinden, weil dasjenige, was früher an die höheren Welten angeschlossen war, dann in sein Ich hineingezogen ist. Von da ab stellt das Bewußtsein überall sich selber in Verbindung zu der Außenwelt. Das geschieht im Kindesalter noch nicht. Da waren die Dinge für den Menschen so, als wenn sie wie eine Traumwelt ihn umschwebten. Aus einer Weisheit heraus, die nicht in ihm ist, arbeitet der Mensch an sich. Diese Weisheit ist mächtiger, umfassender als alle spätere bewußte Weisheit. Diese höhere Weisheit verdunkelt sich für die menschliche Seele, welche dann dafür die Bewußtheit eintauscht. Sie wirkt aus der geistigen Welt heraus tief in die Körperlichkeit herein, so daß der Mensch durch sie sein Gehirn aus dem Geiste heraus formen kann. Nicht mit Unrecht darf gesagt werden, von einem Kinde kann auch der Weiseste lernen. Denn was an dem Kinde arbeitet, ist die Weisheit, die dann später nicht in das Bewußtsein eintritt, und durch welche der Mensch etwas wie einen «Telephonanschluß» nach den geistigen Wesenheiten hat, in deren Welt er sich zwischen dem Tode und einer neuen Geburt befindet. Von dieser Welt strömt noch etwas ein in die kindliche Aura, und der Mensch ist da unmittelbar als einzelnes Wesen unterstehend der Führung der ganzen geistigen Welt, zu welcher er gehört. Die geistigen Kräfte aus dieser Welt strömen in das Kind noch ein. Sie hören auf einzuströmen in dem Zeitpunkte, bis zu dem die normale Rückerinnerung geht. Diese Kräfte sind es, die den Menschen fähig machen, sich in ein bestimmtes Verhältnis zur Schwerkraft zu bringen. Sie sind es auch, die seinen Kehlkopf formen, die sein Gehirn so bilden, daß es ein lebendiges Werkzeug für Gedanken-, Empfindungs- und Willensausdruck wird.
[ 7 ] Was nun in allerhöchstem Maße in der Kindheit vorhanden ist, daß der Mensch aus einem Selbst heraus arbeitet, das noch mit höheren Welten in unmittelbarem Zusammenhange steht, das bleibt bis zu einem gewissen Grade doch im späteren Leben bestehen, trotzdem sich die Verhältnisse im angegebenen Sinne ändern. Wenn man in einem späteren Lebensabschnitt fühlt: man habe dies oder jenes vor Jahren getan oder gesagt, was man erst jetzt verstehen lernt, so hat man eben früher aus einer höheren Weisheit heraus sich führen lassen. Und erst nach Jahren ist man dazu gelangt, die Einsicht in die Gründe zu besitzen, nach denen man sich verhalten hat. Aus all dem kann man fühlen, wie man unmittelbar nach der Geburt noch nicht so ganz entlaufen war der Welt, in welcher man vor dem Eintreten in das physische Dasein war, und wie man ihr ganz eigentlich niemals entlaufen kann. Es tritt das, was man als seinen Anteil an höherer Geistigkeit hat, in das physische Leben herein und folgt einem. Oft ist es so, daß man fühlt: Was in einem gelegen ist, ist nicht nur ein höheres Selbst, das nach und nach ausgebildet werden soll, sondern es ist etwas, was schon da ist und einen dazu bringt, daß man so oft über sich selber hinauswächst.
[ 8 ] Alles was der Mensch hervorbringen kann an Idealen, an künstlerischem Schaffen, aber auch alles, was er hervorbringen kann an naturgemäßen Heilkräften im eigenen Leibe, durch die ein fortwährendes Ausgleichen der Schädigungen des Lebens eintritt, alles das kommt nicht von dem gewöhnlichen Verstande, sondern von den tieferen Kräften, die in den ersten Jahren arbeiten an unserer Orientierung im Raum, an der Prägung des Kehlkopfes und am Gehirn. Denn es sind dieselben Kräfte später noch im Menschen. Wenn oftmals bei Lebensschädigungen gesagt wird, äußere Kräfte können uns nicht helfen, es muß unser Organismus die in ihm liegenden Heilkräfte aus sich entwickeln, so hat man ja auch eine im Menschen vorhandene weisheitsvolle Wirkung im Auge. Und weiter kommen aus derselben Quelle auch die besten Kräfte, durch welche man zur Erkenntnis der geistigen Welt gelangt, das heißt zu einem wahren Hellsehertum.
[ 9 ] Nun liegt die Frage sehr nahe: Warum wirken die gekennzeichneten höheren Kräfte nur in den ersten Kindheitsjahren in den Menschen herein?
[ 10 ] Die eine Hälfte der Antwort kann man leicht geben; denn sie liegt in folgendem. Wenn jene höheren Kräfte in derselben Weise weiterwirkten, würde der Mensch immer Kind bleiben; er würde nicht zum vollen Ich-Bewußtsein kommen. Es muß in seine eigene Wesenheit verlegt werden, was vorher von außen gewirkt hat. Aber es gibt einen bedeutungsvolleren Grund, der noch mehr aufklären kann als das eben Gesagte über die Geheimnisse des Menschenlebens; und das ist der folgende. Durch die Geisteswissenschaft kann erfahren werden, daß der menschliche Leib, wie er im gegenwärtigen Erdenentwickelungsstadium ist, als ein Gewordenes betrachtet werden muß, das aus anderen Zuständen sich zu seiner gegenwärtigen Form fortgebildet hat. Dem Kenner der Geisteswissenschaft ist bekannt, daß diese Evolution sich so vollzogen hat, daß auf die Gesamtwesenheit des Menschen verschiedene Kräfte gewirkt haben; gewisse Kräfte auf den physischen Leib, andere auf den Ätherleib, und andere auf den Astralleib. Die menschliche Wesenheit ist zu ihrer gegenwärtigen Form dadurch gekommen, daß auf sie jene Wesenheiten gewirkt haben, die wir die luziferischen und die ahrimanischen nennen. Durch diese Kräfte ist die menschliche Wesenheit in einer gewissen Weise schlechter geworden, als sie dann hätte werden müssen, wenn nur diejenigen Kräfte wirksam gewesen wären, die von den geistigen Weltenlenkern kommen, welche den Menschen in einer geraden Weise weiter entwickeln wollen. Es ist ja die Ursache der Leiden, der Krankheiten und auch des Todes darin zu suchen, daß außer den Wesenheiten, welche den Menschen in einer geraden Linie vorwärts entwickeln, noch die luziferischen und die ahrimanischen walten, welche die geradlinige Vorwärtsentwickelung stets durchkreuzen. In dem, was der Mensch durch die Geburt ins Dasein hereinbringt, liegt etwas, das besser ist als dasjenige, was in späterem Leben der Mensch daraus machen kann.
[ 11 ] Die luziferischen und die ahrimanischen Kräfte haben in den ersten Kindheitsjahren nur geringen Einfluß auf das Menschenwesen; sie sind im wesentlichen in all dem nur wirksam, was der Mensch durch sein bewußtes Leben aus sich macht. Würde er länger als in den ersten Kindheitstagen denjenigen Teil seines Wesens, der besser ist als sein anderer, in voller Kraft in sich haben, so würde er der Wirkung desselben nicht gewachsen sein, weil die entgegenstrebenden luziferischen und ahrimanischen Kräfte seine Gesamtwesenheit schwächen. Es hat der Mensch in der physischen Welt eine solche Organisation, daß er die unmittelbaren Kräfte der geistigen Welt, welche in den ersten Kindheitsjahren an ihm wirksam sind, nur so lange an sich ertragen kann, als er gleichsam kindlich weich und bildsam ist. Er würde zerbrechen, wenn jene Kräfte, die der Orientierung im Raume, der Formung des Kehlkopfes und des Gehirns zugrunde liegen, auch im späteren Lebensalter noch in unmittelbarer Art wirksam blieben. Diese Kräfte sind so gewaltig, daß, wenn sie später noch wirken würden, unser Organismus hinsiechen müßte unter der Heiligkeit dieser Kräfte. Nur zu derjenigen Betätigung muß sich der Mensch an diese Kräfte wenden, welche ihn mit der übersinnlichen Welt in bewußten Zusammenhang bringt.
[ 12 ] Daraus aber geht uns ein Gedanke hervor, der große Bedeutung hat, wenn er richtig verstanden wird. Er ist im Neuen Testament mit den Worten ausgesprochen: «So ihr nicht werdet wie die Kindlein, könnt ihr nicht in die Reiche der Himmel kommen!» Denn was erscheint als das höchste Ideal für den Menschen, wenn das als richtig angenommen wird, was in dem Vorhergehenden gesagt ist? Doch wohl dieses: sich immer mehr und mehr dem zu nähern, was man ein bewußtes Verhältnis zu den Kräften nennen kann, die in den ersten Kindheitsjahren unbewußt am Menschen wirken. - Nur muß in Betracht gezogen werden, daß der Mensch unter der Gewalt dieser Kräfte zusammenbrechen müßte, wenn sie ohne weiteres in sein bewußtes Leben hereinwirken würden. Deshalb ist für die Erlangung jener Fähigkeiten, die ein Wahrnehmen der übersinnlichen Welten herbeiführen, eine sorgsame Vorbereitung notwendig. Diese Vorbereitung hat das Ziel, den Menschen geeignet zu machen zum Ertragen dessen, was er im gewöhnlichen Leben eben nicht ertragen kann.
[ 13 ] Das Durchgehen durch die aufeinanderfolgenden Verkörperungen hat seine Bedeutung für die Gesamtentwickelung der menschlichen Wesenheit. Diese ist in der Vergangenheit durch aufeinanderfolgende Leben geschritten; sie schreitet weiter, und parallel damit schreitet auch die Erde in ihrer Entwickelung vorwärts. Es wird einmal der Zeitpunkt kommen, in welchem die Erde am Ende ihrer Laufbahn angelangt sein wird; dann muß der Erdplanet als physische Wesenheit abfallen von der Gesamtheit der Menschenseelen, wie der menschliche Leib mit dem Tode vom Geiste abfällt, wenn die Menschenseele, um weiter zu leben, eintritt in das geistige Reich, das ihr zwischen dem Tode und einer neuen Geburt angemessen ist. Dies ins Auge gefaßt, muß als höchstes Ideal erscheinen, daß es der Mensch beim Erdentode so weit gebracht hat, daß er alle Früchte, die er aus dem Erdenleben gewinnen kann, sich auch angeeignet hat.
[ 14 ] Nun kommen diejenigen Kräfte, durch welche der Mensch jenen andern nicht gewachsen ist, welche auf ihn in seiner Kindheit wirken, aus dem Erdenorganismus. Ist dieser selbst einmal von dem Menschenwesen abgefallen, so muß der Mensch , wenn er sein Ziel erreicht haben soll, so weit gekommen sein, daß er in der Tat sich mit seiner ganzen Wesenheit den Kräften hingeben kann, die gegenwärtig nur in der Kindheit tätig sind. Der Sinn der Entwickelung durch die aufeinanderfolgenden Erdenleben hindurch ist also, den ganzen Menschen, somit auch den bewußten Teil, allmählich zum Ausdruck der Kräfte zu machen, die in den ersten Lebensjahren unter Einwirkung der geistigen Welt an ihm - ihm unbewußt - walten. Der Gedanke, der aus solchen Betrachtungen heraus sich der Seele bemächtigt, muß mit Demut, aber auch mit richtigem Bewußtsein der Menschenwürde erfüllen. Es ist der Gedanke: Der Mensch ist nicht allein; in ihm lebt etwas, was ihm immerdar den Beweis liefern kann: Es kann der Mensch sich über sich selbst erheben, zu etwas, was gegenwärtig schon über ihn hinauswächst und was wachsen wird von Leben zu Leben. Immer bestimmtere und bestimmtere Gestalt kann dieser Gedanke annehmen; er liefert dann etwas ungeheuer Beruhigendes und Erhebendes; aber durchdringt auch die Seele mit entsprechender Demut und Bescheidenheit. - Was hat in diesem Sinne der Mensch in sich? Wahrhaftig einen höheren, einen göttlichen Menschen, von dem er sich lebendig durchdrungen fühlen kann, sich sagend: Er ist mein Führer in mir.
[ 15 ] Von solchen Gesichtspunkten aus kommt wohl leicht der Gedanke in die Seele, daß man mit allem, was man tun kann, den Einklang suchen soll mit demjenigen im Menschenwesen, das weiser ist als die bewußte Intelligenz. Und es wird von dem unmittelbar bewußten Selbst auf ein erweitertes Selbst hingewiesen, dem gegenüber alles, was falscher Stolz, und alles, was Überhebung im Menschenwesen ist, abgetilgt und bekämpft werden kann. Es bildet sich dieses Gefühl zu einem andern fort, das ein richtiges Verständnis eröffnet in bezug auf die Art, in welcher der Mensch gegenwartig unvollkommen ist; und dies Gefühl läßt erkennen, wie er vollkommen werden kann, wenn einmal die in ihm waltende umfassendere Geistigkeit zu seinem Bewußtsein dasselbe Verhältnis haben darf, das sie in den ersten Kindheitsjahren zu dem unbewußten Seelenleben hat.
[ 16 ] Wenn nun die Rückerinnerung im Leben sich oftmals so gestaltet, daß sie nicht bis in das vierte Kindheitsjahr zurückgeht, so darf man doch sagen, daß die Einwirkung des höheren Geistgebietes im obigen Sinne durch die ersten drei Lebensjahre geht. Am Ende dieser Zeitspanne wird der Mensch fähig, die Eindrücke der Außenwelt mit seiner Ich-Vorstellung zu verbinden. Es ist zwar richtig, daß diese zusammenhängende Ich-Vorstellung nur so weit zurückgezählt werden darf, als die Rückerinnerung reicht. Doch wird man sagen müssen, daß im wesentlichen die Rückerinnerung bis zum Beginne des vierten Lebensjahres reicht; nur ist sie erst für den Anfang des deutlichen Ich-Bewußtseins so schwach, daß sie unbemerkbar bleibt. Deshalb kann gelten, daß jene höheren den Menschen in den Kindheitsjahren bestimmenden Kräfte durch drei Jahre wirksam sein können. Es ist der Mensch in der gegenwärtigen mittleren Erdenorganisation somit so organisiert, daß er nur drei Jahre diese Kräfte aufnehmen kann.
[ 17 ] Stünde nun ein Mensch vor uns, und könnte es durch irgendwelche Weltenmächte bewirkt werden, daß das gewöhnliche Ich von diesem Menschen entfernt würde - man müßte also annehmen: es könnte erreicht werden, dieses gewöhnliche Ich, das mit dem Menschen durch die Verkörperungen gegangen ist, aus physischem Leib, Ätherleib und Astralleib zu entfernen -, und man könnte dann in die drei Leiber ein solches Ich bringen, das im Zusammenhange wirkt mit den geistigen Welten, - was würde mit einem solchen Menschen geschehen müssen? Nach drei Jahren müßte sein Leib zerbrechen! Es müßte etwas geschehen durch das Weltenkarma, daß das Geisteswesen, das mit den höheren Welten zusammenhängt, nicht länger als drei Jahre in diesem Leibe leben könnte. Erst am Ende aller Erdenleben wird der Mensch das in sich haben können, was ihn länger als drei Jahre mit jenem Geisteswesen leben läßt. Aber dann wird der Mensch sich auch sagen: Nicht ich, sondern dieses Höhere in mir, das immer da war, das arbeitet jetzt in mir. - Bis dahin kann er das noch nicht sagen, sondern höchstens dies: er fühle dieses Höhere, aber er ist noch nicht mit seinem wirklichen realen Menschheits-Ich dahin gekommen, es in sich zum vollen Leben zu bringen.
[ 18 ] Würde nun irgend einmal in der mittleren Erdenzeit ein menschlicher Organismus in die Welt gestellt, der in einem späteren Lebensjahr durch gewisse Weltenmächte von seinem Ich befreit würde, und dafür jenes Ich in sich aufnähme, das sonst nur in den ersten drei Kindheitsjahren wirkt, und das im Zusammenhang stünde mit den geistigen Welten, in denen der Mensch zwischen dem Tode und einer neuen Geburt ist: wie lange könnte ein solcher Mensch im Erdenleibe leben? - Drei Jahre ungefähr; denn dann müßte durch das Weltenkarma etwas eintreten, was die betreffende Menschheitsorganisation zerstörte.
[ 19 ] Was hier vorausgesetzt wurde, war aber in der Geschichte da. Der menschliche Organismus, welcher bei der Johannestaufe am Jordan stand, als das Ich des Jesus von Nazareth aus den drei Leibern fortging, barg nach der Taufe in voller bewußter Ausgestaltung jenes höhere Menschheitsselbst, das sonst, den Menschen unbewußt, mit Weltenweisheit am Kinde wirkt. Aber damit war die Notwendigkeit gegeben, daß dieses mit der höhern Geisteswelt zusammenhängende Selbst nur drei Jahre in dem entsprechenden Menschheitsorganismus leben konnte. Es mußten dann die Tatsachen so verlaufen, daß nach drei Jahren das irdische Leben des Wesens zu Ende war.
[ 20 ] Die äußeren Ereignisse, welche im Leben des Christus Jesus eintraten, sind durchaus so aufzufassen, daß sie durch die auseinandergesetzten inneren Ursachen bedingt sind. Sie stellen sich als äußerer Ausdruck dieser Ursachen dar.
[ 21 ] Damit ist der tiefere Zusammenhang gegeben zwischen dem, was der Führer ist im Menschen, was wie im Dämmerlichte in unsere Kindheit hereinscheint, was immer wirkt unter der Oberfläche unseres Bewußtseins als das, was unser Bestes ist, und zwischen dem, was einmal hereintrat in die ganze Menschheitsevolution, so daß es drei Jahre in einer menschlichen Hülle sein konnte.
[ 22 ] Was zeigt sich an diesem «höheren» Ich, das zusammenhängt mit den geistigen Hierarchien, und das in den Menschenleib des Jesus von Nazareth in der Zeit eintrat, so daß sein Eintreten dargestellt wird symbolisch unter der Signatur des herabsteigenden Geistes in Gestalt der Taube mit den Worten: «Dies ist mein vielgeliebter Sohn, heute habe ich ihn gezeuget!» (denn so hießen die Worte ursprünglich)? Wenn man dieses Bild ins Auge faßt, so hat man das höchste menschliche Ideal vor sich hingestellt. Denn es bedeutet nichts anderes, als daß in der Geschichte des Jesus von Nazareth berichtet wird: In jedem Menschen ist erkennbar der Christus! Und wenn auch keine Evangelien und keine Überlieferung vorhanden wären, die besagen: Irgend einmal habe ein Christus gelebt, - so würde man durch Erkenntnis der Menschennatur erfahren, daß der Christus im Menschen lebt.
[ 23 ] Die am Menschen im Kindheitsalter wirksamen Kräfte erkennen, heißt den Christus im Menschen erkennen. Es entsteht nun die Frage: Führt diese Erkenntnis auch zur Anerkennung der Tatsache, daß dieser Christus wirklich einmal in einem Menschenleibe auf Erden gewohnt hat? Ohne daß irgendwelche Dokumente herangezogen werden, kann diese Frage bejaht werden. Denn eine wirkliche seherische Selbsterkenntnis führt für den gegenwärtigen Menschen dahin, einzusehen, daß in der Menschenseele Kräfte gefunden werden können, welche von diesem Christus ausgehen. In den ersten drei Kindheitsjahren wirken diese Kräfte, ohne daß der Mensch etwas dazu tut. Im späteren Leben können sie wirken, wenn der Mensch durch innere Versenkung den Christus in sich sucht. So wie nun gegenwärtig der Mensch den Christus in sich findet, so konnte er dieses nicht immer. Es gab Zeiten, wo keine innere Versenkung den Menschen zum Christus führen konnte. Daß dies so ist, lehrt wieder die seherische Erkenntnis. In der Zwischenzeit zwischen jener Vergangenheit, da der Mensch den Christus in sich nicht finden konnte, und der Gegenwart, da er ihn finden kann, liegt das Erdenleben Christi. Und dieses Erdenleben selbst ist der Grund, warum in der angegebenen Art der Mensch den Christus in sich finden kann. So beweist sich für die seherische Erkenntnis das Erdenleben Christi ohne alle geschichtlichen Urkunden.
[ 24 ] Man könnte denken, der Christus habe gesagt: Ich will für euch Menschen ein solches Ideal sein, das in den Geist erhoben euch dasjenige darstellt, was sonst im Leiblichen erfüllt ist. In den ersten Lebensjahren lernt der Mensch physisch gehen aus dem Geiste heraus; das heißt der Mensch weist sich seinen Weg für das Erdenleben aus dem Geiste heraus. Er lernt sprechen, das heißt die Wahrheit prägen aus dem Geiste heraus, - oder mit anderen Worten: Der Mensch entwickelt das Wesen der Wahrheit aus dem Laute heraus in den ersten drei Jahren seines Lebens. Und auch das Leben, das der Mensch auf der Erde als Ich-Wesen lebt, das bekommt sein Lebensorgan durch das, was sich in den ersten drei Jahren der Kindheit ausbildet. So also lernt der Mensch leiblich gehen, das heißt «den Weg» finden, er lernt die «Wahrheit» durch seinen Organismus darstellen, und er lernt das «Leben» aus dem Geiste heraus im Leibe zum Ausdrucke bringen. Keine bedeutungsvollere Umprägung des Wortes: «Wenn ihr nicht werdet wie die Kindlein, könnt ihr nicht in die Reiche der Himmel kommen» scheint denkbar. Und als ein bedeutsames Wort muß es gelten, daß die Ich-Wesenheit des Christus so zum Ausdrucke kommt: «Ich bin der Weg, die Wahrheit und das Leben!» Wie die höheren Geisteskräfte den Kindheitsorganismus - diesem unbewußt - so gestalten, daß er leiblich wird der Ausdruck für den Weg, die Wahrheit und das Leben, so wird der Menschengeist allmählich dadurch, daß er sich mit dem Christus durchdringt, bewußt der Träger des Weges, der Wahrheit und des Lebens. Er macht sich dadurch selbst im Laufe des Erdenwerdens zu jener Kraft, die im Kindheitsalter in ihm waltet, ohne daß er der bewußte Träger ist.
[ 25 ] Solche Worte, wie die von dem Weg, der Wahrheit und dem Leben, sind geeignet, die Türen der Ewigkeit zu öffnen. Sie tönen dem Menschen aus seinen Seelengründen, wenn die Selbsterkenntnis eine wahre, wesenhafte wird.
[ 26 ] In einem zweifachen Sinn eröffnen solche Betrachtungen den Ausblick auf die geistige Führung des Menschen und der Menschheit. Man findet als Mensch in sich den Christus durch Selbsterkenntnis als den Führer, zu dem man seit Christi Erdenzeit immer gelangen kann, weil er immer im Menschen ist. Und man findet dann ferner, wenn man dasjenige, was man ohne die geschichtlichen Dokumente erkannt hat, auf diese anwendet, die wahre Natur dieser Dokumente. Sie sprechen geschichtlich etwas aus, was im Innern der Seele sich durch sich selbst offenbart. Sie sind deshalb zu jener Führung der Menschheit zu zählen, welche die Hinlenkung der Seele auf sich selbst bewirken soll.
[ 27 ] Wird so die Ewigkeitsstimmung der Worte verstanden: «Ich bin der Weg, die Wahrheit und das Leben!», dann kann man fühlen, daß es unberechtigt ist, zu fragen: Warum tritt der Mensch , wenn er schon viele Verkörperungen durchgemacht hat, immer wieder als Kind in das Dasein? Denn es zeigt sich, daß diese scheinbare Unvollkommenheit eine immerwährende Erinnerung an das Höchste ist, was im Menschen lebt. Und man kann nicht oft genug - wenigstens jedesmal am Eingange eines Lebens - an die große Tatsache erinnert werden, was der Mensch eigentlich jener Wesenheit nach ist, welche allem Erdensein zugrunde liegt, aber von den Unvollkommenheiten dieses Seins nicht berührt wird.
[ 28 ] Es ist nicht gut, wenn man in der Geisteswissenschaft oder Theosophie oder überhaupt im Okkultismus viel definiert, viel in Begriffen redet. Besser ist es, wenn man charakterisiert und eine Empfindung hervorzurufen versucht von dem, was wirklich ist. Deshalb sollte auch hier versucht werden, eine Empfindung anzuregen von dem, was die ersten drei Jahre des Menschenlebens kennzeichnet, und wie sich dies verhält zu jenem Lichte, das ausstrahlt von dem Kreuze auf Golgatha. Diese Empfindung besagt, daß ein Impuls durch die menschliche Evolution geht, von dem man mit Recht sagen kann, daß das Paulinische Wort durch ihn Wahrheit werden muß: «Nicht ich, sondern der Christus in mir!» Man braucht nur zu wissen, was der Mensch in Wirklichkeit ist, und man kann von solcher Erkenntnis aus zu der Einsicht in die Wesenheit Christi vorschreiten. Wenn man aber durch die wahre Menschheitsbetrachtung zu dieser Christus-Idee gekommen ist und weiß, daß man den Christus am besten entdeckt, wenn man ihn erst in sich selber sucht, und wenn man dann zurückgeht zu den biblischen Urkunden, dann gewinnt erst die Bibel ihren großen Wert. Und es gibt keinen größeren, aber auch keinen bewußteren Schätzer der Bibel als einen Menschen, der im angedeuteten Sinne den Christus gefunden hat. Es wäre denkbar, daß ein Wesen, man sage ein Marsbewohner, herunterkäme auf die Erde, das nie etwas gehört hat von dem Christus und seinem Wirken. Vieles, was sich hier auf der Erde abgespielt hat, würde ein solcher Marsbewohner nicht verstehen; vieles, was die Menschen heute interessiert, würde ihn nicht interessieren. Aber das würde ihn interessieren, was der Mittelpunktsimpuls der Erdenevolution ist: die Christus-Idee, wie sie die Wesenheit des Menschen selber ausdrückt! - Wer das begriffen hat, der erkennt dann erst recht die Bibel; denn er findet, was er vorher in sich erschaut hat, in ihr in einer wunderbaren Weise ausgedrückt und sagt sich dann: Ich brauche gar nicht erzogen zu sein zu einer besonderen Schätzung der Evangelien, sondern trete als ein vollbewußter Mensch vor dieselben, und durch das, was ich durch die Geisteswissenschaft erkannt habe, erscheinen sie mir in ihrer ganzen Größe.
[ 29 ] Es ist wohl nicht zu viel gesagt, wenn man behauptet, es werde eine Zeit kommen, wo man der Ansicht sein wird: Die Menschen, welche durch die Geisteswissenschaft erkannt haben, den Inhalt der Evangelien in richtiger Weise zu schätzen, die werden in denselben führende Schriften der Menschheit anerkennen in einem Sinne, der diesen Schriften mehr gerecht wird, als man ihnen bis zur Gegenwart geworden ist. Die Menschheit wird erst lernen, durch die Erkenntnis des Wesens des Menschen selber das einzusehen, was in diesen tiefen Urkunden ruht. Man wird sich dann sagen: Wenn man dasjenige in den Evangelien findet, was so zum Wesen des Menschen gehört, so muß dies durch die Menschen in die Dokumente hineingekommen sein, die sie auf der Erde geschrieben haben, so daß für die Verfasser dieser Urkunden besonders gelten muß, was man bei einem wahrhaftigen Nachdenken - je älter man wird, desto mehr - sich vom eigenen Leben sagen muß. Man hat so manches gemacht, was man erst viele Jahre hinterher versteht. In den Schreibern der Evangelien können Menschen gesehen werden, welche aus dem höheren Selbst heraus schrieben, das am Menschen in den Kindheitsjahren arbeitet. So sind die Evangelien Schriftwerke, welche aus der Weisheit stammen, die den Menschen gestaltet. Der Mensch ist Offenbarung des Geistes durch seinen Leib; die Evangelien sind solche Offenbarung durch die Schrift.
[ 30 ] Unter solchen Voraussetzungen bekommt der Inspirationsbegriff wieder seine gute Bedeutung. Wie in das Gehirn in den ersten drei Jahren der Kindheit höhere Kräfte hineinarbeiten, so wurden hineingeprägt in die Seelen der Evangelienschreiber aus den geistigen Welten Kräfte, aus welchen heraus die Evangelien geschrieben wurden. - In einer solchen Tatsache spricht sich die geistige Führung der Menschheit aus. Eine Menschheit muß wahrhaftig geführt werden, wenn innerhalb ihrer Personen wirken, welche Urkunden aus denselben Kräften heraus schreiben, aus welchen der Mensch selbst weisheitsvoll gestaltet wird. - Und wie der einzelne Mensch Dinge sagt oder tut, die er erst in einem späteren Lebensalter versteht, so hat die Gesamtmenschheit in den Evangelienschreibern sich die Mittler hervorgebracht, die in ihren Schriften Offenbarungen lieferten, die erst nach und nach begriffen werden können. Es wird, je weiter die Menschheit vorrückt, immer mehr und mehr das Verständnis dieser Urkunden gefunden werden. Der Mensch kann in sich die geistige Führung fühlen; die Gesamtmenschheit kann sie in denjenigen Personen fühlen, welche in der Art der Evangelienschreiber wirken.
[ 31 ] Der so gewonnene Begriff der Menschenführerschaft kann nun in mancher Hinsicht erweitert werden. Man nehme an, ein Mensch habe Schüler gefunden, einige Leute, die sich zu ihm bekennen. Ein solcher wird durch echte Selbsterkenntnis leicht gewahr werden, daß ihm gerade die Tatsache, daß er Bekenner gefunden hat, das Gefühl gibt: was er zu sagen habe, rühre nicht von ihm her. Es sei vielmehr so, daß sich geistige Kräfte aus höheren Welten den Bekennern mitteilen wollen, und diese finden in dem Lehrer das geeignete Werkzeug, um sich zu offenbaren.
[ 32 ] Einem solchen Menschen wird der Gedanke nahetreten: Als ich Kind war, habe ich an mir durch Kräfte gearbeitet, die aus der geistigen Welt hereinwirkten, und das, was ich jetzt als mein Bestes geben kann, muß auch aus höheren Welten hereinwirken; ich darf es nicht als meinem gewöhnlichen Bewußtsein angehörig betrachten. Ja, ein solcher Mensch darf sagen: etwas Dämonisches, etwas wie ein Dämon - aber das Wort «Dämon» im Sinne einer guten geistigen Macht genommen - wirkt aus einer geistigen Welt durch mich auf die Bekenner. - So etwas empfand Sokrates, von dem Plato erzählt, daß er von seinem «Dämon» sprach als von dem, was ihn lenkte und leitete. Viel hat man versucht, um diesen «Dämon» des Sokrates zu erklären. Aber man kann ihn nur erklären, wenn man sich dem Gedanken hingeben will, daß Sokrates so etwas empfinden konnte, wie aus obiger Betrachtung sich ergibt. Dann kann man auch begreifen, daß durch die drei bis vier Jahrhunderte, da das sokratische Prinzip in Griechenland gewirkt hat, eine Stimmung durch Sokrates in die griechische Welt kam, die vorbereitend wirken konnte für ein anderes großes Ereignis. Die Stimmung, daß der Mensch nicht so, wie er dasteht, dasjenige ganz ist, was aus höheren Welten hereinragt, diese Stimmung wirkte weiter. Die Besten, bei denen diese Stimmung vorhanden war, sind die gewesen, welche später auch am besten das Wort verstanden: «Nicht ich, sondern der Christus in mir! » Denn sie konnten sich sagen: Sokrates hat noch wie von einem dämonisch aus höheren Welten Wirkenden gesprochen; durch das Christus-Ideal wird klar, wovon Sokrates gesprochen hat. Nur konnte Sokrates noch nicht von Christus sprechen, weil zu seiner Zeit noch niemand die Christus-Wesenheit in sich finden konnte.
[ 33] Da fühlen wir wieder etwas von geistiger Führung der Menschheit: Nichts kann in die Welt hineingestellt werden ohne Vorbereitung. Warum hat Paulus gerade die besten Anhänger in Griechenland gefunden? Weil dort durch den Sokratismus der Boden vorbereitet war durch die gekennzeichnete Stimmung. Das heißt: Was später in der Menschheitsentwickelung geschieht, führt zurück zu Ereignissen, die früher gewirkt haben, und welche die Menschen reif gemacht haben, um das Spätere auf sich wirken zu lassen. Fühlen wir da nicht, wie weit der führende Impuls reicht, der durch die menschliche Evolution geht, und wie er im rechten Moment die richtigen Menschen dort hinstellt, wo sie für die Evolution gebraucht werden? In solchen Tatsachen spricht sich zunächst im allgemeinen die Führung der Menschheit aus.
[ 34 ] Beim Übergange vom Kindheits- zum späteren Menschenalter erhält sich die Lebensfähigkeit des menschlichen Organismus, weil er sich in dieser Zeit ändern kann. Im späteren Lebensalter kann er sich nicht mehr ändern; daher kann er auch mit jenem Selbst nicht weiter bestehen.
Chapter I
[ 1 ] The person who reflects on himself soon comes to the realization that, in addition to the self which he embraces with his thoughts, feelings and fully conscious volitional impulses, he carries within himself a second, more powerful self. He becomes aware of how he subordinates himself to this second self as a higher power. At first, however, the human being will perceive this second self as a lower entity compared to the one he embraces with his clear, fully conscious soul being, which is inclined towards the good and the true. And he will strive to overcome this lower entity. But a more intimate self-examination can teach us something else about the second self. If one often looks back in life on what one has experienced or done, one will make a peculiar discovery about oneself. And you will find this experience all the more meaningful the older you get. If you ask yourself: What did you do or say at this or that time in your life?", then it turns out that you have done a whole lot of things that you only really understand at a later age. Seven or eight years ago, or perhaps twenty years ago, you did things that you know for sure: only now, after a long time, do you have the understanding to understand the things you did or said back then. - Many people don't make such self-discoveries because they don't set out to do so. But it is extraordinarily fruitful if a person makes such an introspection into his soul more often. Because from such a moment in which a person becomes aware: You have actually done things in earlier years that you are only now beginning to understand; at that time your mind was not yet mature enough to understand the things you have done or spoken, - from such a moment, in which one makes a discovery of this kind, something like the following sensation of the soul emanates: You feel as if you are sheltered by a good power that rules in the depths of your own being; you begin to gain more and more confidence in the fact that you are actually, in the highest sense of the word, not alone in the world after all, and that all that you understand, all that you are consciously able to do, is basically only a small part of what you accomplish in the world.
[ 2 ] If you make this observation often, you can elevate something that is theoretically very easy to understand to full life practice. It is theoretically easy to see that man could not get very far in life if he had to accomplish everything he has to accomplish with a fully conscious mind, with an intelligence that overlooks all circumstances. To understand this theoretically, one need only consider the following. At what stage of life does man actually perform the most important deeds for his existence? When does he act most wisely towards himself? He does this approximately from birth up to the point in time up to which he can still remember when he looks back in later life on the years of his earthly existence that have passed. If one thinks back to what one did three, four, five years ago and then further and further back, one comes to a certain point in childhood; the recollection goes no further. Parents or other people can tell you what happened before that, but your own memory only goes back as far as a certain point. This is also the point at which a person has learned to feel like a self. In the case of people whose memory does not go beyond the norm of life, there must always be such a point in life. Before this point in time, however, the human soul has done the wisest things to man himself, and never later, when he has come to consciousness, can man do such great and mighty things to himself as he accomplishes in the very first years of his childhood out of subconscious soul reasons. For we know that through his birth man brings into the physical world that which he has brought with him as the fruits of his earlier lives on earth. When a person is born, for example, his physical brain is still a very imperfect tool. The human soul must first work into this tool the finer structures that make it the mediator of all that the soul is capable of. In fact, before it is fully conscious, the human soul works on the brain in such a way that it can become such a tool as is needed to live out all the abilities, dispositions, qualities and so on which are inherent in the soul as the results of its earlier earthly lives. This work on his own body is guided by points of view that are wiser than anything that the human being can later do in himself out of his full consciousness. And even more: during these times, not only must the human being work out his brain plastically, but he must also learn three of the most important things for his earthly existence.
[ 3] First, he learns to orientate his own physicality in space. What this means is something that people today don't actually pay any attention to. It touches on one of the most essential differences between humans and animals. The animal is destined from the outset to develop its equilibrium in space in a certain way; one animal is predestined to be a climber, the other a swimmer and so on. The animal is organized from the outset in such a way that it positions itself correctly in space; and this is the case right up to the most human-like mammals. If zoologists were to reflect on this fact, they would emphasize less that, for example, man and animal have so and so many similar bones and muscles and so on; for this comes much less into consideration than the fact that man does not from the outset have the full disposition for his equilibrium. He must first form them out of his whole being. It is significant that man must work on himself in order to transform himself from a being who cannot walk into one who can walk upright. It is man himself who gives himself his vertical position, his position of equilibrium in space. He brings himself into a relationship with gravity. It will, of course, be easy for a view that does not want to penetrate into the depths of the matter to deny this with apparently good reasons. One can say that man is organized to walk upright just as a climbing animal is organized to climb. A closer look, however, can show that in animals it is the peculiarity of their organization that causes them to stand in space. In humans, however, it is the soul that brings itself into relationship with space and conquers the organization.
[ 4 ] The second thing that man teaches himself, namely out of the beingness that progresses from embodiment to embodiment as the same, is language. Through it he places himself in a relationship to his fellow human beings which makes him the bearer of that spiritual life which initially permeates the physical world from him. It has often been emphasized with good reason that a person who is placed on a desert island and is not together with other people before he can speak would not learn language. What we inherit, what is implanted for later years, so that it is subject to the principles of heredity, does not depend on man's being with his fellow-men. For example, he is predisposed from the outset by heredity to change his teeth in his seventh year. He could be on a desert island, if only he had the opportunity to grow up, he would change his teeth. But he only learns to speak when his soul being is stimulated as such, as that which is carried from life to life. Man must form the germ for the development of his larynx at a time when he does not yet have his ego-consciousness. Before the time to which he remembers back, he must lay the seed for the formation of his laryngeal development, so that the larynx can become the speech organism.
[ 5] And then there is a third, of which it is less known, that man learns through himself, through that which he carries within himself from embodiment to embodiment. This is life within the world of thought itself. The processing of the brain is undertaken for the reason that the brain is the tool of thought. This organ is still plastic at the beginning of life because man himself must first form it into the instrument of his thinking in the sense of the entity that is carried from life to life. Just as the brain is immediately after birth, so it must become according to the forces inherited from parents, foreparents and so on. But man must express in his thinking what he is as an individual being, according to his previous lives on earth. Therefore, he must transform the peculiarities of his brain, which he has inherited, when - after birth - he has become physically independent of parents, foreparents and so on.
[ 6 ] We see that man accomplishes significant things in the very first years of his life. He works on himself in the sense of highest wisdom. Indeed, if it depended on his wisdom, he could not accomplish what he must accomplish in the first years of his life without his wisdom. Why is all this accomplished from the depths of the soul, which lie beyond consciousness? It happens for the reason that in the first years of his life man is much more connected with his soul, with his whole being, to the spiritual worlds of the higher hierarchies than is the case later. For the clairvoyant who has undergone a spiritual development so that he can follow the real spiritual processes, something tremendously significant is revealed at the point in time at which the human being attains his ego-consciousness in such a way that he can later remember back to this point in time. While what we call the "childlike aura" surrounds the child in the first years of life like a wonderful, human-superhuman power - surrounds it in such a way that this childlike aura, the actual higher part of the human being, has its continuation everywhere into the spiritual world - at that point in time, up to which the human being can remember back, this aura penetrates more into the inner being of the human being. Up to this point in time, man can feel himself as a coherent ego, because that which was previously connected to the higher worlds is then drawn into his ego. From then on, the consciousness connects itself everywhere with the outer world. This does not yet happen in childhood. Then things were for man as if they hovered around him like a dream world. Man works on himself out of a wisdom that is not within him. This wisdom is more powerful, more comprehensive than all later conscious wisdom. This higher wisdom obscures itself for the human soul, which then exchanges consciousness for it. It works out of the spiritual world deep into the physical world, so that through it man can form his brain out of the spirit. It is not wrong to say that even the wisest person can learn from a child. For what works in the child is the wisdom that does not later enter consciousness, and through which man has something like a "telephone connection" to the spiritual beings in whose world he finds himself between death and a new birth. Something from this world still streams into the childlike aura, and the human being is there directly as an individual being subject to the guidance of the whole spiritual world to which he belongs. The spiritual forces from this world still flow into the child. They cease to flow in at the point in time up to which the normal recollection goes. It is these forces that enable man to bring himself into a certain relationship with gravity. It is also these forces that shape his larynx, that form his brain in such a way that it becomes a living tool for the expression of thought, feeling and will.
[ 7 ] What is present to the highest degree in childhood, that man works out of a self that is still in direct connection with higher worlds, remains to a certain extent in later life, even though the circumstances change in the sense indicated. If one feels at a later stage of life that one did or said this or that years ago, which one is only now learning to understand, then one has been guided by a higher wisdom. And only after years have you come to have insight into the reasons behind your behavior. From all this one can feel how, immediately after birth, one had not yet completely escaped the world in which one was before entering physical existence, and how one can actually never escape it. That which one has as one's share of higher spirituality enters physical life and follows one. It is often the case that you feel that what lies within you is not only a higher self that is to be gradually developed, but it is something that is already there and causes you to outgrow yourself so often.
[ 8 ] All that man can produce in ideals, in artistic creation, but also all that he can produce in natural healing powers in his own body, through which a continuous balancing of the damages of life occurs, all this does not come from the ordinary mind, but from the deeper forces that work in the first years on our orientation in space, on the imprinting of the larynx and on the brain. For the same forces are still at work in the human being later on. When it is often said that external forces cannot help us in cases of damage to life, that our organism must develop the healing powers within itself, we also have in mind an effect of wisdom present in the human being. And furthermore, from the same source come the best powers through which one attains knowledge of the spiritual world, that is, true clairvoyance.
[ 9 ] Now the question is very obvious: Why do the characterized higher powers only have an effect on people in the first years of childhood?
[ 10 ] One half of the answer can easily be given, for it lies in the following. If those higher powers continued to work in the same way, man would always remain a child; he would not attain to full ego-consciousness. He must transfer into his own being what previously worked from outside. But there is a more significant reason that can enlighten even more than what has just been said about the secrets of human life; and that is the following. Through spiritual science it can be learned that the human body, as it is in its present stage of development on earth, must be regarded as something that has become, that has developed from other states into its present form. The connoisseur of spiritual science knows that this evolution has taken place in such a way that various forces have had an effect on the entire being of man; certain forces on the physical body, others on the etheric body, and others on the astral body. The human being has come to its present form through the influence of those entities which we call the Luciferic and the Ahrimanic. Through these forces the human entity has become worse in a certain way than it would have been if only those forces had been at work which come from the spiritual world rulers who want to develop man in a straightforward way. The cause of suffering, illness and even death is to be sought in the fact that, in addition to the beings who develop man in a straight line, there are also the Luciferic and Ahrimanic beings who always interfere with straightforward forward development. There is something in what man brings into existence through birth that is better than what man can make of it in later life.
[ 11 ] The Luciferic and Ahrimanic forces have only little influence on the human being in the first years of childhood; they are essentially only effective in all that man makes of himself through his conscious life. If that part of his being which is better than the other were to remain in full force longer than in the first days of childhood, he would not be able to cope with its effect, because the opposing Luciferic and Ahrimanic forces would weaken his whole being. Man has such an organization in the physical world that he can only bear the direct forces of the spiritual world, which are active in him in the first years of childhood, as long as he is, as it were, childishly soft and malleable. He would break if those forces which underlie orientation in space, the shaping of the larynx and the brain, were still active in a direct way in later life. These forces are so powerful that if they were still at work later, our organism would die under the sanctity of these forces. Man must turn to these forces only for that activity which brings him into conscious connection with the supersensible world.
[ 12 ] From this, however, a thought emerges that has great significance if it is understood correctly. It is expressed in the New Testament with the words: "Unless you become like little children, you cannot enter the kingdoms of heaven!" For what appears to be the highest ideal for man if what is said in the preceding is accepted as correct? It is probably this: to approach more and more what can be called a conscious relationship to the forces that work unconsciously on man in the first years of childhood. - But it must be borne in mind that man would have to collapse under the power of these forces if they were to enter his conscious life without further ado. Therefore, careful preparation is necessary for the attainment of those abilities which bring about a perception of the supersensible worlds. The aim of this preparation is to make the human being capable of bearing what he cannot bear in ordinary life.
[ 13 ] The passage through successive embodiments has its significance for the overall development of the human being. It has passed through successive lives in the past; it continues to progress, and parallel to this the earth also progresses in its development. One day the time will come when the earth will have reached the end of its course; then the earth planet as a physical entity must fall away from the totality of human souls, just as the human body falls away from the spirit at death, when the human soul, in order to continue living, enters the spiritual realm which is appropriate for it between death and a new birth. With this in mind, it must appear as the highest ideal that man has come so far at death that he has acquired all the fruits he can gain from earthly life.
[ 14 ] Now those powers by which man is not equal to those others which act upon him in his childhood come from the earthly organism. Once this itself has fallen away from the human being, man must, if he is to have reached his goal, have come so far that he can in fact devote himself with his whole being to the forces which are at present only active in childhood. The purpose of development through the successive lives on earth is thus to gradually make the whole man, and thus also the conscious part, the expression of the forces which, under the influence of the spiritual world, rule over him unconsciously in the first years of life. The thought that takes possession of the soul from such contemplations must fill it with humility, but also with a true awareness of human dignity. It is the thought: Man is not alone; something lives in him that can always provide him with proof: Man can rise above himself, to something that is already growing beyond him at present and that will grow from life to life. This thought can take on ever more definite and definite form; it then provides something tremendously reassuring and uplifting; but it also permeates the soul with corresponding humility and modesty. - In this sense, what does man have within himself? Truly a higher, a divine person, by whom he can feel vividly imbued, saying to himself: He is my guide within me.
[ 15 ] From such points of view, the thought easily enters the soul that with everything one can do, one should seek harmony with that in the human being which is wiser than the conscious intelligence. And the directly conscious self points to an expanded self towards which everything that is false pride and everything that is arrogance in the human being can be eradicated and fought against. This feeling develops into another, which opens up a correct understanding of the way in which man is presently imperfect; and this feeling allows us to recognize how he can become perfect once the more comprehensive spirituality that rules in him is allowed to have the same relationship to his consciousness that it has to the unconscious life of the soul in the first years of childhood.
[ 16 ] Even if the recollection in life is often such that it does not go back as far as the fourth year of childhood, one may nevertheless say that the influence of the higher spiritual realm in the above sense goes through the first three years of life. At the end of this period the human being becomes capable of connecting the impressions of the outside world with his ego conception. It is true that this coherent ego-imagination can only be counted back as far as the recollection reaches. But it must be said that essentially the recollection reaches back to the beginning of the fourth year of life; it is only at the beginning of the clear ego-consciousness that it is so weak that it remains unnoticeable. Therefore it can be said that those higher forces which determine the human being in the childhood years can be effective through three years. The human being in the present middle earth organization is thus organized in such a way that he can only absorb these forces for three years.
[ 17 ] If a human being were now standing before us, and if it could be brought about by any world powers that the ordinary I would be removed from this human being - one would therefore have to assume: it could be achieved to remove this ordinary ego, which has gone through the embodiments with the human being, from the physical body, etheric body and astral body - and one could then bring into the three bodies such an ego that works in connection with the spiritual worlds - what would have to happen to such a human being? After three years his body would have to break up! Something would have to happen through the karma of the world so that the spiritual being, which is connected with the higher worlds, could not live in this body for more than three years. Only at the end of all earthly lives will the human being be able to have that within himself which allows him to live longer than three years with that spiritual being. But then the human being will also say to himself: "It is not I, but this higher being in me, which has always been there, that is now working in me. - Until then, he cannot yet say that, but at most this: he feels this higher being, but he has not yet come to bring it to full life in himself with his real human ego.
[ 18 ] If a human organism were to be placed in the world at some time in the middle years of earth's existence, which in a later year of life would be freed from its ego by certain world powers, and instead would take into itself that ego which otherwise only works in the first three years of childhood, and which would be connected with the spiritual worlds in which man is between death and a new birth: how long could such a man live in earthly life? - About three years; for then something would have to occur through the karma of the world which would destroy the human organization in question.
[ 19 ] What was presupposed here, however, was there in history. The human organism, which stood at the Jordan at John's baptism, when the I of Jesus of Nazareth departed from the three bodies, contained after the baptism in full conscious manifestation that higher human self which otherwise, unconsciously to man, works with worldly wisdom on the child. But this necessitated that this self, which was connected with the higher spiritual world, could only live for three years in the corresponding human organism. The facts then had to proceed in such a way that after three years the earthly life of the being was over.
[ 20 ] The external events that occurred in the life of Christ Jesus are to be understood in such a way that they are conditioned by the internal causes that have been set apart. They present themselves as the external expression of these causes.
[ 21 ] Thus the deeper connection is given between that which is the leader in man, that which shines into our childhood as in twilight, that which always works beneath the surface of our consciousness as that which is our best, and between that which once entered into the whole evolution of mankind so that it could be three years in a human shell.
[ 22 ] What is shown in this "higher" I, which is connected with the spiritual hierarchies, and which entered the human body of Jesus of Nazareth in time, so that his entry is symbolically represented under the signature of the descending spirit in the form of the dove with the words: "This is my beloved Son, today I have begotten him!" (for that is what the words were originally called)? If you look at this image, you have the highest human ideal before you. For it means nothing other than that in the story of Jesus of Nazareth we are told: The Christ is recognizable in every human being! And even if there were no gospels and no tradition to say that a Christ once lived, - one would learn through knowledge of human nature that the Christ lives in man.
[ 23 ] Recognizing the forces at work in man in infancy means recognizing the Christ in man. The question now arises: Does this realization also lead to the recognition of the fact that this Christ really once dwelt on earth in a human body? Without referring to any documents, this question can be answered in the affirmative. For a real visionary self-knowledge leads the present human being to recognize that forces can be found in the human soul which emanate from this Christ. In the first three years of childhood these forces work without the human being doing anything. In later life they can work if the person seeks the Christ within himself through inner contemplation. Just as man currently finds the Christ within himself, he has not always been able to do so. There were times when no inner contemplation could lead a person to Christ. That this is so is again taught by seeric knowledge. In the interim between the past, when man could not find the Christ within himself, and the present, when he can find him, lies the earthly life of Christ. And this earthly life itself is the reason why man can find the Christ within himself in the manner indicated. Thus the earthly life of Christ proves itself for the visionary insight without all historical documents.
[ 24 ] One might think that the Christ said: I want to be such an ideal for you humans that, raised into the spirit, represents to you that which is otherwise fulfilled in the physical. In the first years of life, man learns to walk physically out of the spirit; that is, man shows himself his way for life on earth out of the spirit. He learns to speak, that is, to shape the truth out of the spirit, - or in other words: man develops the essence of truth out of the sound in the first three years of his life. And the life that man lives on earth as an ego-being also receives its organ of life through what is formed in the first three years of childhood. Thus man learns to walk bodily, that is, to find "the way", he learns to represent "truth" through his organism, and he learns to express "life" out of the spirit in the body. No more meaningful reinterpretation of the words: "Unless you become like little children, you cannot enter the kingdoms of heaven" seems conceivable. And it must be considered a significant word that the I-entity of Christ is expressed in this way: "I am the way, the truth and the life!" Just as the higher spiritual forces shape the childhood organism - unconsciously - in such a way that it becomes the bodily expression of the way, the truth and the life, so the human spirit gradually becomes the conscious bearer of the way, the truth and the life by interpenetrating itself with the Christ. In this way, in the course of becoming earthly, it makes itself into that power which reigns in it in childhood, without being the conscious bearer.
[ 25 ] Such words as those of the Way, the Truth and the Life are capable of opening the doors of eternity. They sound to man from the depths of his soul when self-knowledge becomes a true, essential one.
[ 26 ] In a twofold sense, such contemplations open up the prospect of the spiritual guidance of man and humanity. As a human being, one finds Christ in oneself through self-knowledge as the guide to whom one can always reach since Christ's time on earth, because he is always in man. And furthermore, if you apply to the historical documents what you have recognized without them, you will find the true nature of these documents. They express something historically that reveals itself through itself within the soul. They are therefore to be counted among that guidance of humanity which is to bring about the soul's direction towards itself.
[ 27 ] If the eternal mood of the words: "I am the way, the truth and the life!" is understood in this way, then one can feel that it is unjustified to ask: Why does man, when he has already gone through many embodiments, enter into existence again and again as a child? For it turns out that this apparent imperfection is a perpetual reminder of the highest that lives in man. And one cannot be reminded often enough - at least every time at the beginning of a life - of the great fact of what man actually is in terms of his essence, which underlies all earthly existence but is not affected by the imperfections of this existence.
[ 28 ] It is not good to define much in spiritual science or theosophy or in occultism in general, to speak much in terms of concepts. It is better to characterize and try to evoke a sense of what really is. Therefore, an attempt should also be made here to evoke a sense of what characterizes the first three years of human life and how this relates to the light that radiates from the cross on Golgotha. This feeling means that an impulse runs through human evolution of which one can rightly say that Paul's words must become truth through it: "Not I, but the Christ in me!" One only needs to know what man really is, and one can proceed from such knowledge to an insight into the nature of Christ. But when one has come to this idea of Christ through the true contemplation of humanity and knows that Christ is best discovered when one first seeks him in oneself, and when one then goes back to the biblical documents, only then does the Bible gain its great value. And there is no greater, but also no more conscious appreciator of the Bible than a person who has found the Christ in the sense indicated. It is conceivable that a being, let us say an inhabitant of Mars, would come down to earth who had never heard of the Christ and his work. Such a Martian would not understand much of what has taken place here on earth; much of what interests people today would not interest him. But he would be interested in what is the central impulse of earth evolution: the Christ idea as it expresses the essence of man himself! - Anyone who has understood this will then recognize the Bible all the more; for he will find what he has previously seen in himself expressed in it in a wonderful way and will then say to himself: I do not need to be educated to a special appreciation of the Gospels, but stand before them as a fully conscious person, and through what I have recognized through spiritual science, they appear to me in all their greatness.
[ 29 ] It is probably not too much to say that there will come a time when one will be of the opinion: The people who, through spiritual science, have come to appreciate the contents of the Gospels in the right way, will recognize in them leading writings of mankind in a sense that will do more justice to these writings than has been done to them up to the present time. Mankind will first learn to recognize what lies in these profound documents through the knowledge of the nature of man himself. One will then say to oneself: If one finds in the Gospels that which belongs to the essence of man, then this must have entered through men into the documents which they wrote on earth, so that it must be especially true of the authors of these documents what one must say to oneself about one's own life when one truly reflects - the older one gets, the more so. We have done many things that we only understand many years later. The writers of the Gospels can be seen as people who wrote from the higher self that works on people in their childhood years. Thus the Gospels are written works that originate from the wisdom that shapes man. Man is a revelation of the spirit through his body; the Gospels are such a revelation through the Scriptures.
[ 30 ] Under such conditions, the concept of inspiration regains its good meaning. Just as higher powers work into the brain in the first three years of childhood, so powers from the spiritual worlds were imprinted into the souls of the Gospel writers, out of which the Gospels were written. - Such a fact expresses the spiritual guidance of humanity. Mankind must be truly guided if persons are at work within it who write documents out of the same forces from which man himself is wisely formed. - And just as the individual says or does things which he only understands at a later age, so the whole of humanity has produced mediators in the writers of the Gospels, who in their writings provided revelations which can only gradually be understood. The further mankind advances, the more and more the understanding of these documents will be found. Man can feel the spiritual guidance within himself; humanity as a whole can feel it in those persons who work in the manner of the Gospel writers.
[ 31 ] The concept of human leadership gained in this way can now be extended in some respects. Suppose a person has found disciples, some people who profess to be with him. Such a person will easily realize through genuine self-knowledge that the very fact that he has found confessors gives him the feeling that what he has to say does not come from him. It is rather the case that spiritual forces from higher worlds want to communicate themselves to the confessors, and these find in the teacher the appropriate tool to reveal themselves.
[ 32 ] The thought will occur to such a person: When I was a child, I worked on myself through forces that worked in from the spiritual world, and that which I can now give as my best must also work in from higher worlds; I must not regard it as belonging to my ordinary consciousness. Yes, such a man may say: something demonic, something like a demon - but the word "demon" taken in the sense of a good spiritual power - works through me from a spiritual world on the confessors. - Socrates, of whom Plato tells us that he spoke of his "demon" as that which guided and directed him, felt something like this. Many attempts have been made to explain this "demon" of Socrates. But it can only be explained if one accepts the idea that Socrates could feel something like the above. Then one can also understand that during the three to four centuries that the Socratic principle was at work in Greece, a mood came into the Greek world through Socrates that could have a preparatory effect for another great event. The mood that man, as he stands, is not the whole of that which projects in from higher worlds, this mood continued to have an effect. The best in whom this mood was present were those who later best understood the word: "Not I, but the Christ in me! "For they were able to say to themselves: Socrates was still speaking as if of a demonic agent from higher worlds; the Christ ideal makes it clear what Socrates was talking about. But Socrates could not yet speak of Christ, because in his time no one could yet find the Christ-entity within himself.
[ 33 ] There again we feel something of the spiritual guidance of humanity: nothing can be placed in the world without preparation. Why did Paul find the best followers in Greece? Because the ground had been prepared there by Socratism through the marked mood. This means that what happens later in the development of mankind leads back to events that had an effect earlier, and which made people ready to allow the later to have an effect on them. Do we not feel how far the guiding impulse that runs through human evolution reaches, and how it places the right people at the right moment where they are needed for evolution? In such facts, the guidance of humanity is generally expressed first of all.
[ 34 ] In the transition from childhood to later human age, the viability of the human organism is maintained because it can change during this time. In later life it can no longer change; therefore it cannot continue to exist with that self.